2020-02-17 17:56:13 -05:00
|
|
|
_section: Assembler @<cli-asm>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The assembler Command-Line utility allows you to assemble the
|
|
|
|
|
[Ethers ASM Dialect](asm-dialect) into deployable EVM bytecode
|
2020-10-03 13:30:15 -03:00
|
|
|
and disassemble EVM bytecode into human-readable mnemonics.
|
2020-02-02 00:52:20 -05:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
_subsection: Help
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020-04-19 02:18:20 -04:00
|
|
|
_code: @lang<text>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Usage:
|
|
|
|
|
ethers-asm [ FILENAME ] [ OPTIONS ]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OPTIONS
|
|
|
|
|
--define KEY=VALUE provide assembler defines
|
|
|
|
|
--disassemble Disassemble input bytecode
|
|
|
|
|
--ignore-warnings Ignore warnings
|
|
|
|
|
--pic generate position independent code
|
|
|
|
|
--target LABEL output LABEL bytecode (default: _)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OTHER OPTIONS
|
|
|
|
|
--debug Show stack traces for errors
|
|
|
|
|
--help Show this usage and exit
|
|
|
|
|
--version Show this version and exit
|
2020-02-02 00:52:20 -05:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020-02-17 17:56:13 -05:00
|
|
|
_subsection: Example Input Files
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020-05-08 03:24:40 -04:00
|
|
|
_code: SimpleStore.asm @lang<asm>
|
2020-04-19 02:18:20 -04:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
; SimpleStore (uint)
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020-10-03 13:30:15 -03:00
|
|
|
; Set the initial value of 42
|
2020-04-19 02:18:20 -04:00
|
|
|
sstore(0, 42)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
; Init code to deploy myContract
|
|
|
|
|
codecopy(0, $myContract, #myContract)
|
|
|
|
|
return(0, #myContract)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@myContract {
|
|
|
|
|
; Non-payable
|
|
|
|
|
jumpi($error, callvalue)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
; Get the Sighash
|
|
|
|
|
shr({{= 256 - 32 }}, calldataload(0))
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
; getValue()
|
|
|
|
|
dup1
|
|
|
|
|
{{= sighash("getValue()") }}
|
|
|
|
|
jumpi($getValue, eq)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
; setValue(uint)
|
|
|
|
|
dup1
|
|
|
|
|
{{= sighash("setValue(uint)") }}
|
|
|
|
|
jumpi($setValue, eq)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
; No matching signature
|
|
|
|
|
@error:
|
|
|
|
|
revert(0, 0)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@getValue:
|
|
|
|
|
mstore(0, sload(0))
|
|
|
|
|
return (0, 32)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@setValue:
|
|
|
|
|
; Make sure we have exactly a uint
|
|
|
|
|
jumpi($error, iszero(eq(calldatasize, 36)))
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
; Store the value
|
|
|
|
|
sstore(0, calldataload(4))
|
|
|
|
|
return (0, 0)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
; There is no *need* for the PUSH32, it just makes
|
|
|
|
|
; decompiled code look nicer
|
|
|
|
|
@checksum[
|
2020-05-08 03:24:40 -04:00
|
|
|
{{= (defines.checksum ? concat([
|
|
|
|
|
Opcode.from("PUSH32"),
|
|
|
|
|
id(myContract.source)
|
|
|
|
|
]): "0x")
|
|
|
|
|
}}
|
2020-04-19 02:18:20 -04:00
|
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020-02-17 17:56:13 -05:00
|
|
|
|
2020-05-08 03:24:40 -04:00
|
|
|
_code: SimpleStore.bin @lang<text>
|
2020-04-19 02:18:20 -04:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0x602a6000556044601160003960446000f334601e5760003560e01c8063209652
|
|
|
|
|
0x5514602457806355241077146030575b60006000fd5b60005460005260206000
|
|
|
|
|
0xf35b6024361415601e5760043560005560006000f3
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020-02-17 17:56:13 -05:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
_note: Note: Bytecode File Syntax
|
|
|
|
|
A bin file may be made up of multiple blocks of bytecode, each may
|
|
|
|
|
optionally begin with a ``0x`` prefix, all of which **must** be of
|
|
|
|
|
even length (since bytes are required, with 2 nibbles per byte)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All whitespace is ignored.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
_subsection: Assembler Examples
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The assembler converts an [Ethers ASM Dialect](asm-dialect) into
|
|
|
|
|
bytecode by running multiple passes of an assemble stage, each pass
|
|
|
|
|
more closely approximating the final result.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This allows small portions of the bytecode to be massaged and tweaked
|
2020-11-22 23:03:50 -05:00
|
|
|
until the bytecode stabilizes. This allows for more compact jump
|
|
|
|
|
destinations and for code to include more advanced meta-programming
|
2020-02-17 17:56:13 -05:00
|
|
|
techniques.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020-04-19 02:18:20 -04:00
|
|
|
_code: @lang<shell>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/home/ethers> ethers-asm SimpleStore.asm
|
|
|
|
|
0x602a6000556044601160003960446000f334601e5760003560e01c80632096525514602457806355241077146030575b60006000fd5b60005460005260206000f35b6024361415601e5760043560005560006000f3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Piping in ASM source code
|
|
|
|
|
/home/ethers> cat SimpleStore.asm | ethers-asm
|
|
|
|
|
# Same as above
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Setting a define which the ASM file checks and adds a checksum
|
|
|
|
|
/home/ethers> ethers-asm --define checksum SimpleStore.asm
|
|
|
|
|
0x602a6000556065601160003960656000f334601e5760003560e01c80632096525514602457806355241077146030575b60006000fd5b60005460005260206000f35b6024361415601e5760043560005560006000f37f10358310d664c9aeb4bf4ce7a10a6a03176bd23194c8ccbd3160a6dac90774d6
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020-02-17 17:56:13 -05:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
_heading: Options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
_definition: **-\-define KEY=VALUE** //or// **-\-define FLAG**
|
|
|
|
|
This allows key/value pairs (where the value is a string) and
|
|
|
|
|
flags (which the value is ``true``) to be passed along to the
|
|
|
|
|
assembler, which can be accessed in
|
|
|
|
|
[Scripting Blocks](asm-dialect-scripting), such as ``{{= defined.someKey }}``.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
_definition: **-\-ignore-warnings**
|
|
|
|
|
By default any warning will be treated like an error. This enabled
|
|
|
|
|
by-passing warnings.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
_definition: **-\-pic**
|
|
|
|
|
When a program is assembled, the labels are usually given as an
|
|
|
|
|
absolute byte position, which can be jumped to for loops and
|
|
|
|
|
control flow. This means that a program must be installed at a specific
|
|
|
|
|
location.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Byt specifying the **Position Independent Code** flag, code
|
|
|
|
|
will be generated in a way such that all offsets are relative, allowing
|
|
|
|
|
the program to be moved without any impact to its logic.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020-10-03 13:30:15 -03:00
|
|
|
This does incur an additional gas cost of 8 gas per offset access though.
|
2020-02-17 17:56:13 -05:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
_definition: **-\-target LABEL**
|
|
|
|
|
All programs have a root scope named ``_`` which is by default
|
|
|
|
|
assembled. This option allows another labelled target (either a
|
|
|
|
|
[[asm-dialect-scope]] or a [[asm-dialect-datasegment]] to be
|
|
|
|
|
assembled instead. The entire program is still assembled per usual,
|
|
|
|
|
so this only impacts which part of the program is output.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
_subsection: Disassembler Examples
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A disassembled program shows offsets and mnemonics for the given
|
|
|
|
|
bytecode. This format may change in the future to be more
|
|
|
|
|
human-readable.
|
2020-02-02 00:52:20 -05:00
|
|
|
|
2020-04-19 02:18:20 -04:00
|
|
|
_code: @lang<shell>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/home/ethers> ethers-asm --disassemble SimpleStore.bin
|
|
|
|
|
0000 : 0x2a ; #1
|
|
|
|
|
0002 : 0x00 ; #1
|
|
|
|
|
0004 : SSTORE
|
|
|
|
|
0005 : 0x44 ; #1
|
|
|
|
|
0007 : 0x11 ; #1
|
|
|
|
|
0009 : 0x00 ; #1
|
|
|
|
|
000b : CODECOPY
|
|
|
|
|
000c : 0x44 ; #1
|
|
|
|
|
000e : 0x00 ; #1
|
|
|
|
|
0010 : RETURN
|
|
|
|
|
0011 : CALLVALUE
|
|
|
|
|
0012 : 0x1e ; #1
|
|
|
|
|
0014 : JUMPI
|
|
|
|
|
0015 : 0x00 ; #1
|
|
|
|
|
0017 : CALLDATALOAD
|
|
|
|
|
0018 : 0xe0 ; #1
|
|
|
|
|
001a : SHR
|
|
|
|
|
001b : DUP1
|
|
|
|
|
001c : 0x20965255 ; #4
|
|
|
|
|
0021 : EQ
|
|
|
|
|
0022 : 0x24 ; #1
|
|
|
|
|
0024 : JUMPI
|
|
|
|
|
0025 : DUP1
|
|
|
|
|
0026 : 0x55241077 ; #4
|
|
|
|
|
002b : EQ
|
|
|
|
|
002c : 0x30 ; #1
|
|
|
|
|
002e : JUMPI
|
|
|
|
|
002f*: JUMPDEST
|
|
|
|
|
0030 : 0x00 ; #1
|
|
|
|
|
0032 : 0x00 ; #1
|
|
|
|
|
0034 : REVERT
|
|
|
|
|
0035*: JUMPDEST
|
|
|
|
|
0036 : 0x00 ; #1
|
|
|
|
|
0038 : SLOAD
|
|
|
|
|
0039 : 0x00 ; #1
|
|
|
|
|
003b : MSTORE
|
|
|
|
|
003c : 0x20 ; #1
|
|
|
|
|
003e : 0x00 ; #1
|
|
|
|
|
0040 : RETURN
|
|
|
|
|
0041*: JUMPDEST
|
|
|
|
|
0042 : 0x24 ; #1
|
|
|
|
|
0044 : CALLDATASIZE
|
|
|
|
|
0045 : EQ
|
|
|
|
|
0046 : ISZERO
|
|
|
|
|
0047 : 0x1e ; #1
|
|
|
|
|
0049 : JUMPI
|
|
|
|
|
004a : 0x04 ; #1
|
|
|
|
|
004c : CALLDATALOAD
|
|
|
|
|
004d : 0x00 ; #1
|
|
|
|
|
004f : SSTORE
|
|
|
|
|
0050 : 0x00 ; #1
|
|
|
|
|
0052 : 0x00 ; #1
|
|
|
|
|
0054 : RETURN
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/home/ethers> cat SimpleStore.bin | ethers-asm --disassemble
|
|
|
|
|
# Same as above
|
