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4 lines
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<html><head><title>Utilities</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/style.css"></head><body><div class="sidebar"><div class="header"><div class="logo"><a href="/"><div class="image"></div><div class="name">ethers.js</div><div class="version">v5.0</div></a></div></div><div class="toc"><div><div class="link title"><a href="/">Documentation</a></div><div class="base show link depth-1"><a href="/getting-started/">Getting Started</a></div><div class="hide link depth-2"><a href="/getting-started/#installing">Installing</a></div><div class="hide link depth-2"><a href="/getting-started/#importing">Importing</a></div><div class="base show link depth-1"><a href="/concepts/">Concepts</a></div><div class="hide link depth-2"><a href="/concepts/events/">Events</a></div><div class="hide link depth-2"><a href="/concepts/gas/">Gas</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/concepts/gas/#gas-price">Gas Price</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/concepts/gas/#gas-limit">Gas Limit</a></div><div class="base ancestor show link depth-1"><a href="/api/">Application Programming Interface</a></div><div class="show link depth-2"><a href="/api/contract/">Contracts</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/contract/#buckets">Buckets</a></div><div class="show link depth-2"><a href="/api/signer/">Signers</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/signer/#signer">Signer</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/signer/#wallet-inherits-signer">Wallet inherits Signer</a></div><div class="show link depth-2"><a href="/api/providers/">Providers</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/providers/provider/">Provider</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/provider/#accounts-methods">Accounts Methods</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/provider/#blocks-methods">Blocks Methods</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/provider/#ethereum-naming-service-(ens)-methods">Ethereum Naming Service (ENS) Methods</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/provider/#logs-methods">Logs Methods</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/provider/#network-status-methods">Network Status Methods</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/provider/#transactions-methods">Transactions Methods</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/provider/#event-emitter-methods">Event Emitter Methods</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/provider/#inspection-methods">Inspection Methods</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/providers/jsonrpc-provider/">JSON-RPC Provider</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/jsonrpc-provider/#jsonrpcprovider">JsonRpcProvider</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/jsonrpc-provider/#jsonrpcsigner">JsonRpcSigner</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/jsonrpc-provider/#jsonrpcuncheckedsigner">JsonRpcUncheckedSigner</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/providers/api-providers/">API Providers</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/api-providers/#etherscanprovider">EtherscanProvider</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/api-providers/#infuraprovider">InfuraProvider</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/api-providers/#nodesmithprovider">NodesmithProvider</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/api-providers/#alchemyprovider">AlchemyProvider</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/providers/other/">Other Providers</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/other/#fallbackprovider">FallbackProvider</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/other/#ipcprovider">IpcProvider</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/providers/types/">Types</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/types/#blocks">Blocks</a></di
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<a name="utilities"></a><h1>Utilities</h1>
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<p>These utilities are used extensively within the library, but are also quite useful for application developers.</p>
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<div class="toc"><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/address/">Addresses</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/bignumber/">BigNumber</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/bignumber/#types">Types</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/bignumber/#creating-instances">Creating Instances</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/bignumber/#methods">Methods</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/bignumber/#notes">Notes</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/bytes/">Byte Manipulation</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/bytes/#types">Types</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/bytes/#inspection">Inspection</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/bytes/#converting-between-arrays-and-hexstrings">Converting between Arrays and Hexstrings</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/bytes/#array-manipulation">Array Manipulation</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/bytes/#hexstring-manipulation">Hexstring Manipulation</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/bytes/#signature-conversion">Signature Conversion</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/constants/">Constants</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/constants/#bytes">Bytes</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/constants/#strings">Strings</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/constants/#bignumber">BigNumber</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/display-logic/">Display Logic and Input</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/display-logic/#units">Units</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/display-logic/#functions">Functions</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/fixednumber/">FixedNumber</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/fixednumber/#types">Types</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/fixednumber/#creating-instances">Creating Instances</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/fixednumber/#properties">Properties</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/fixednumber/#methods">Methods</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/hashing/">Hashing Algorithms</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/hashing/#cryptographic-hashing">Cryptographic Hashing</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/hashing/#common-hashing-helpers">Common Hashing Helpers</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/hashing/#solidity-hashing-algorithms">Solidity Hashing Algorithms</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/strings/">Strings</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/strings/#bytes32string">Bytes32String</a></div><div style="padd
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