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<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Low-Level API</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#abi-coder">ABI Coder</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#creating-instances">Creating Instances</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#static-properties">Static Properties</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#id1">Creating Instances</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#id2">Prototype</a></li>
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<div class="section" id="low-level-api">
<h1>Low-Level API<a class="headerlink" href="#low-level-api" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>These are advanced, low-level API features that should, for most people not be
necessary to worry about.</p>
<p>They are lightly documented here, and in the future will have more documentation,
but the emphasis at this point is documenting the more <a class="reference internal" href="api.html#api"><span class="std std-ref">common methods</span></a>.</p>
<hr class="docutils" />
<div class="section" id="abi-coder">
<h2>ABI Coder<a class="headerlink" href="#abi-coder" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="section" id="creating-instances">
<h3>Creating Instances<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-instances" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>new <sup>ethers . utils</sup> <strong>. AbiCoder</strong> ( [ coerceFunc ] )</dt>
<dd>Create a new ABI Coder object, which calls <em>coerceFunc</em> for each parsed value
during decoding. The <em>coerceFunc</em> should have the signature: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">function(type,</span> <span class="pre">value)</span></code>.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="static-properties">
<h3>Static Properties<a class="headerlink" href="#static-properties" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><sup>ethers . utils</sup> <strong>. defaultAbiCoder</strong></dt>
<dd>A default instance of the coder which can be used, which has a <em>coerceFunc</em>
which will call <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">toNumber()</span></code> on BigNumbers whose <strong>type</strong> is less than
53 bits and is safe for JavaScript Number instances.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="prototype">
<h3>Prototype<a class="headerlink" href="#prototype" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><sup>prototype</sup> . encode ( types , values ) &nbsp; <sup>=&gt;</sup> &nbsp; <sup>hex</sup></dt>
<dd>Returns a <a class="reference internal" href="api-utils.html#hexstring"><span class="std std-ref">hex string</span></a> of the <em>values</em> encoded as the <em>types</em>.
Throws if a value is invalid for the type.</dd>
<dt><sup>prototype</sup> . decode ( types , data ) &nbsp; <sup>=&gt;</sup> &nbsp; <sup>Result</sup></dt>
<dd>Returns an Object by parsing <em>data</em> assuming <em>types</em>, with each parameter
accessible as a positional parameters. Throws if <em>data</em> is invalid
for the <em>types</em>.</dd>
</dl>
<hr class="docutils" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="hdnode">
<span id="api-hdnode"></span><h2>HDNode<a class="headerlink" href="#hdnode" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>A <em>Hierarchical Deterministic Wallet</em> represents a large tree of private keys
which can reliably be reproduced from an initial seed. Each node in the tree
is represented by an HDNode which can be descended into.</p>
<p>A <em>mnemonic phrase</em> represents a simple way to generate the initial seed.</p>
<p>See the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0032.mediawiki">BIP 32 Specification</a> to learn more about HD Wallets and hardened vs
non-hardened nodes.</p>
<p>See the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0039.mediawiki">BIP 39 Specification</a> to learn more about Mnemonic Phrases.</p>
<div class="section" id="id1">
<h3>Creating Instances<a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><sup>ethers . utils . HDNode</sup> <strong>. fromMnemonic</strong> ( mnemonic ) &nbsp; <sup>=&gt;</sup> &nbsp; <sup>HDNode</sup></dt>
<dd>Create an HDNode from a <em>mnemonic</em> phrase.</dd>
<dt><sup>ethers . utils . HDNode</sup> <strong>. fromSeed</strong> ( seed ) &nbsp; <sup>=&gt;</sup> &nbsp; <sup>HDNode</sup></dt>
<dd>Create an HDNode from a seed.</dd>
<dt><sup>ethers . utils . HDNode</sup> <strong>. fromExtendedKey</strong> ( extendedKey ) &nbsp; <sup>=&gt;</sup> &nbsp; <sup>HDNode</sup></dt>
<dd>Create an HDNode from an extended private key (xpriv) or extended public key (xpub).</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id2">
<h3>Prototype<a class="headerlink" href="#id2" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><sup>prototype</sup> <strong>. privateKey</strong></dt>
<dd>The <a class="reference internal" href="api-utils.html#hexstring"><span class="std std-ref">hex string</span></a> private key for this node.</dd>
<dt><sup>prototype</sup> <strong>. publicKey</strong></dt>
<dd>The (compressed) public key for this node.</dd>
<dt><sup>prototype</sup> <strong>. chainCode</strong></dt>
<dd>The chain code for this node.</dd>
<dt><sup>prototype</sup> <strong>. index</strong></dt>
<dd>The index (from the parent) of this node (0 for the master node).</dd>
<dt><sup>prototype</sup> <strong>. depth</strong></dt>
<dd>The depth within the hierarchy of this node.</dd>
<dt><sup>prototype</sup> <strong>. fingerprint</strong></dt>
<dd>The fingerprint of this node. This can be used to identify a node, but wallets
should handle collisions.</dd>
<dt><sup>prototype</sup> <strong>. parentFingerprint</strong></dt>
<dd>The fingerprint of this nodes parent (or 0x00000000 for the master node).</dd>
<dt><sup>prototype</sup> <strong>. extendedKey</strong></dt>
<dd>The extended private key (xpriv) of the node, or the extended public key (xpub)
if the node has been neutered.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="deriving-child-and-neutered-nodes">
<h3>Deriving Child and Neutered Nodes<a class="headerlink" href="#deriving-child-and-neutered-nodes" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><sup>prototype</sup> <strong>. derivePath</strong> ( path ) &nbsp; <sup>=&gt;</sup> &nbsp; <sup>HDNode</sup></dt>
<dd>Derive the path from this node. Path is slash (<strong>/</strong>) delimited path components.
The first component may be “m” for master (which enforces the starting node is
in fact a master node) and each subsequent path component should be a positive
integer (up to 31 bits), which can optionally include an apostrophe (<strong></strong>) to
indicate hardened derivation for that path components. See below for some examples.</dd>
<dt><sup>prototype</sup> <strong>. neuter</strong> ( ) &nbsp; <sup>=&gt;</sup> &nbsp; <sup>HDNode</sup></dt>
<dd>Returns a new instance of the node without a private key. This can be used to
derive an extended public key. See the BIP32 standard for more details.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="static-methods">
<h3>Static Methods<a class="headerlink" href="#static-methods" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><sup>ethers . utils . HDNode</sup> <strong>. mnemonicToEntropy</strong> ( mnemonic ) &nbsp; <sup>=&gt;</sup> &nbsp; <sup>hex</sup></dt>
<dd>Convert a <em>mnemonic</em> to its binary entropy. (throws an error if the checksum
is invalid)</dd>
<dt><sup>ethers . utils . HDNode</sup> <strong>. entropyToMnemonic</strong> ( entropy ) &nbsp; <sup>=&gt;</sup> &nbsp; <sup>string</sup></dt>
<dd>Convert the binary <em>entropy</em> to the mnemonic phrase.</dd>
<dt><sup>ethers . utils . HDNode</sup> <strong>. mnemonicToSeed</strong> ( mnemonic ) &nbsp; <sup>=&gt;</sup> &nbsp; <sup>hex</sup></dt>
<dd>Compute the BIP39 seed from <em>mnemonic</em>.</dd>
<dt><sup>ethers . utils . HDNode</sup> <strong>. isValidMnemonic</strong> ( string ) &nbsp; <sup>=&gt;</sup> &nbsp; <sup>boolean</sup></dt>
<dd>Returns true if and only if the string is a valid mnemonic (including
the checksum)</dd>
</dl>
<div class="literal-block-wrapper docutils container" id="id9">
<div class="code-block-caption"><span class="caption-text"><em>HDNode derivation</em></span><a class="headerlink" href="#id9" title="Permalink to this code"></a></div>
<div class="highlight-javascript notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">HDNode</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;ethers&#39;</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">utils</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">HDNode</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">mnemonic</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;radar blur cabbage chef fix engine embark joy scheme fiction master release&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">masterNode</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">HDNode</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">fromMnemonic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">mnemonic</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">standardEthereum</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">masterNode</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">derivePath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;m/44&#39;/60&#39;/0&#39;/0/0&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Get the extended private key</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">xpriv</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">extendedKey</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="c1">// Get the extended public key</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">xpub</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">neuter</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="nx">extnededKey</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<hr class="docutils" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="interface">
<span id="api-interface"></span><h2>Interface<a class="headerlink" href="#interface" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The Interface Object is a meta-class that accepts a Solidity (or compatible)
Application Binary Interface (ABI) and populates functions to deal with encoding
and decoding the parameters to pass in and results returned.</p>
<div class="section" id="creating-an-instance">
<h3>Creating an Instance<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-an-instance" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>new <sup>ethers . utils</sup> . Interface ( abi )</dt>
<dd>Returns a new instance and populates the properties with the ABI constructor,
methods and events. The <em>abi</em> may be either a JSON string or the parsed JSON
Object.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id3">
<h3>Prototype<a class="headerlink" href="#id3" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><sup>prototype</sup> . abi</dt>
<dd>A <strong>copy</strong> of the ABI is returned, modifying this object will not alter the ABI.</dd>
<dt><sup>prototype</sup> . deployFunction</dt>
<dd>A DeployDesciption for the constructor defined in the ABI, or the default constructor
if omitted.</dd>
<dt><sup>prototype</sup> . events</dt>
<dd>An object of all the events available in the ABI, by name and signature, which map
to a EventDescription.</dd>
<dt><sup>prototype</sup> . functions</dt>
<dd>An object of all the functions available in the ABI, by name and signature, which map
to a FunctionDescription.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="parsing-objects">
<h3>Parsing Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#parsing-objects" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><sup>prototype</sup> . parseTransaction ( transaction ) &nbsp; <sup>=&gt;</sup> &nbsp; <sup>TransactionDescription</sup></dt>
<dd>Parse <em>transaction</em> and return a description of the call it represents.</dd>
<dt><sup>prototype</sup> . parseLog ( log ) &nbsp; <sup>=&gt;</sup> &nbsp; <sup>LogDescription</sup></dt>
<dd>Parse <em>log</em> and return a description of the event logs it represents.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="object-test-functions">
<h3>Object Test Functions<a class="headerlink" href="#object-test-functions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><sup>prototype</sup> . isInterface ( value ) &nbsp; <sup>=&gt;</sup> &nbsp; <sup>boolean</sup></dt>
<dd>Returns true if <em>value</em> is an Interface.</dd>
<dt><sup>prototype</sup> . isIndexed ( value ) &nbsp; <sup>=&gt;</sup> &nbsp; <sup>boolean</sup></dt>
<dd>Returns true if <em>value</em> is a dynamic Indexed value, which means the actual
value of <em>value</em> is the hash of the actual value.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="descriptions">
<h3>Descriptions<a class="headerlink" href="#descriptions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p><strong>Deploy Description</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<div><table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="37%" />
<col width="63%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">name</th>
<th class="head">description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-even"><td>inputs</td>
<td>The description of the constructor input parameters</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>payable</td>
<td>Whether the constructor can accept <em>Ether</em></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>encode(params)</td>
<td>A function which encodes <em>params</em></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>Event Description</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<div><table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="28%" />
<col width="72%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">name</th>
<th class="head">description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-even"><td>name</td>
<td>The event name (e.g. “Transfer”)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>signature</td>
<td>The event signature (e.g. “Transfer(address indexed,address indexed,uint256)”)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>inputs</td>
<td>The event input parameters</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>anonymous</td>
<td>Whether the event is an anonymous event</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>topic</td>
<td>The topic for this event signature</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>encodeTopics(params)</td>
<td>A function which computes filter topics for given <em>params</em></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>decode(data, topics)</td>
<td>A function to parse the log result <em>data</em> and <em>topics</em></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>Function Description</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<div><table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="31%" />
<col width="69%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">name</th>
<th class="head">description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-even"><td>name</td>
<td>The method name (e.g. “transfer”)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>type</td>
<td>The method type (i.e. “call” or “transaction”)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>signature</td>
<td>The method signature (e.g. “transfer(address to, uint256 amount)”)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>sighash</td>
<td>The signature hash of the signature (4 bytes)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>inputs</td>
<td>The description of the method input parameters</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>outputs</td>
<td>The description of the method output parameters</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>payable</td>
<td>Whether the method can accept <em>Ether</em></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>gas</td>
<td>The maximum gas this method will consume (null if unknown)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>encode(params)</td>
<td>A function which encodes <em>params</em></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>decode(data)</td>
<td>A function which decodes the result <em>data</em></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>Log Description</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<div><table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="28%" />
<col width="72%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">name</th>
<th class="head">description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-even"><td>name</td>
<td>The event name (e.g. “Transfer”)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>signature</td>
<td>The event signature (e.g. “Transfer(address indexed,address indexed,uint256)”)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>topics</td>
<td>The event topics</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>decode(data, topics)</td>
<td>A function to parse the logs</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>values</td>
<td>The decoded values of the event</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>Transaction Description</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<div><table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="31%" />
<col width="69%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">name</th>
<th class="head">description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-even"><td>name</td>
<td>The method name (e.g. “transfer”)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>args</td>
<td>The arguments passed to the method</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>signature</td>
<td>The method signature (e.g. “transfer(address to, uint256 amount)”)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>sighash</td>
<td>The signature hash of the signature (4 bytes)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>decode(data)</td>
<td>A function to parse the result data</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>value</td>
<td>The value (in wei) of the transaction</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div></blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<hr class="docutils" />
<div class="section" id="provider-sub-classing">
<h2>Provider (Sub-Classing)<a class="headerlink" href="#provider-sub-classing" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>See the <a class="reference internal" href="api-providers.html#api-provider"><span class="std std-ref">Provider API</span></a> for more common usage. This documentation
is designed for developers that are sub-classing BaseProvider.</p>
<div class="section" id="id4">
<h3>Static Methods<a class="headerlink" href="#id4" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><sup>BaseProvider</sup> . inherits ( childProvider ) &nbsp; <sup>=&gt;</sup> &nbsp; <sup>void</sup></dt>
<dd>Set up <em>childProvider</em> as an provider, inheriting the parent prototype and
set up a prototype.inherits on the <em>childProvider</em>.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id5">
<h3>Prototype<a class="headerlink" href="#id5" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><sup>prototype</sup> . perform ( method , params ) &nbsp; <sup>=&gt;</sup> &nbsp; <sup>Promise&lt;any&gt;</sup></dt>
<dd>The only method needed to override in a subclass. All values are sanitized
and defaults populated in params and the result is sanitized before returning.
Returns a <a class="reference internal" href="notes.html#promise"><span class="std std-ref">Promise</span></a>, see the example below for overview of
<em>method</em> and <em>params</em>.</dd>
</dl>
<div class="literal-block-wrapper docutils container" id="id10">
<div class="code-block-caption"><span class="caption-text"><em>BaseProvider Sub-Class Stub</em></span><a class="headerlink" href="#id10" title="Permalink to this code"></a></div>
<div class="highlight-javascript notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;ethers&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// The new provider Object</span>
<span class="kd">function</span> <span class="nx">DemoProvider</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">something</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">network</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">getNetworkSomehow</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1">// The super must be called with either a Network or a Promise</span>
<span class="c1">// that resolves to a Network</span>
<span class="nx">ethers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">providers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">BaseProvider</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">call</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">network</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nx">ethers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">utils</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">defineReadOnly</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;somethingElse&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">somethingElse</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c1">// Inherit the Provider</span>
<span class="nx">ethers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">providers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">BaseProvider</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">inherits</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">DemoProvider</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Override perform</span>
<span class="nx">DemoProvider</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">prototype</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">perform</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">method</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">params</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">switch</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">method</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="s1">&#39;getBlockNumber&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="c1">// Params:</span>
<span class="c1">// { }</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="s1">&#39;getGasPrice&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="c1">// Params:</span>
<span class="c1">// { }</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="s1">&#39;getBalance&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="c1">// Params:</span>
<span class="c1">// {</span>
<span class="c1">// address: address,</span>
<span class="c1">// blockTag: blockTag</span>
<span class="c1">// }</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="s1">&#39;getTransactionCount&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="c1">// Params:</span>
<span class="c1">// {</span>
<span class="c1">// address: address,</span>
<span class="c1">// blockTag: blockTag</span>
<span class="c1">// }</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="s1">&#39;getCode&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="c1">// Params:</span>
<span class="c1">// {</span>
<span class="c1">// address: address,</span>
<span class="c1">// blockTag: blockTag</span>
<span class="c1">// }</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="s1">&#39;getStorageAt&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="c1">// Params:</span>
<span class="c1">// {</span>
<span class="c1">// address: address,</span>
<span class="c1">// position: hexString,</span>
<span class="c1">// blockTag: blockTag</span>
<span class="c1">// }</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="s1">&#39;sendTransaction&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="c1">// Params:</span>
<span class="c1">// {</span>
<span class="c1">// signedTransaction: hexString</span>
<span class="c1">// }</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="s1">&#39;getBlock&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="c1">// Params:</span>
<span class="c1">// Exactly one of the following will be specified, the other will be absent</span>
<span class="c1">// {</span>
<span class="c1">// blockHash: blockHash,</span>
<span class="c1">// blockTag: blockTag</span>
<span class="c1">// }</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="s1">&#39;getTransaction&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="c1">// Params:</span>
<span class="c1">// {</span>
<span class="c1">// transactionHash: hexString</span>
<span class="c1">// }</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="s1">&#39;getTransactionReceipt&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="c1">// Params:</span>
<span class="c1">// {</span>
<span class="c1">// transactionHash: hexString</span>
<span class="c1">// }</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="s1">&#39;call&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="c1">// Params:</span>
<span class="c1">// {</span>
<span class="c1">// transaction: See Transaction Requests (on Providers API)</span>
<span class="c1">// }</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="s1">&#39;estimateGas&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="c1">// Params:</span>
<span class="c1">// {</span>
<span class="c1">// transaction: See Transaction Requests (on Providers API)</span>
<span class="c1">// }</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="s1">&#39;getLogs&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="c1">// Params:</span>
<span class="c1">// {</span>
<span class="c1">// address: address,</span>
<span class="c1">// fromBlock: blockTag,</span>
<span class="c1">// toBlock: blockTag,</span>
<span class="c1">// topics: array (possibly nested) of topics</span>
<span class="c1">// }</span>
<span class="k">default</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">Promise</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">reject</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">new</span> <span class="nb">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;not implemented - &#39;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nx">method</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr class="docutils" />
<div class="section" id="recursive-length-prefixed-encoding-rlp">
<h2>Recursive-Length Prefixed Encoding (RLP)<a class="headerlink" href="#recursive-length-prefixed-encoding-rlp" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>This encoding method is used internally for several aspects of Ethereum, such as
encoding transactions and determining contract addresses. For most developers this
should not be necessary to use.</p>
<p>RLP can encode nested arrays, with data as <a class="reference internal" href="api-utils.html#hexstring"><span class="std std-ref">hex strings</span></a> and Uint8Array (or other non-Array
<a class="reference internal" href="api-utils.html#arrayish"><span class="std std-ref">arrayish</span></a> objects). A decoded object will always have data represented as <a class="reference internal" href="api-utils.html#hexstring"><span class="std std-ref">hex strings</span></a> and
Arrays.</p>
<p>See: <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/RLP">https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/RLP</a></p>
<div class="section" id="id6">
<h3>Static Methods<a class="headerlink" href="#id6" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><sup>ethers . utils . RLP</sup> . encode( object ) &nbsp; <sup>=&gt;</sup> &nbsp; <sup>hex</sup></dt>
<dd>Encodes an object as an RLP <a class="reference internal" href="api-utils.html#hexstring"><span class="std std-ref">hex string</span></a>. (throws an Error if the object contains
invalid items)</dd>
<dt><sup>ethers . utils . RLP</sup> . decode( hexStringOrArrayish ) &nbsp; <sup>=&gt;</sup> &nbsp; <sup>any</sup></dt>
<dd>Decode <em>hexStringOrArrayish</em> into the encoded object. (throws an Error if
invalid RLP-coded data)</dd>
</dl>
<div class="literal-block-wrapper docutils container" id="id11">
<div class="code-block-caption"><span class="caption-text"><em>RLP coder</em></span><a class="headerlink" href="#id11" title="Permalink to this code"></a></div>
<div class="highlight-javascript notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">object</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;0x42&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="s2">&quot;0x1234&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="p">[],</span> <span class="p">[]</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">];</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">encoded</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">utils</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">RLP</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">encode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">object</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">encoded</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// 0xc8c142821234c2c0c0</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">decoded</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">utils</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">RLP</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">decode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">encoded</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">decoded</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// [ [ &#39;0x42&#39; ], &#39;0x1234&#39;, [ [], [] ] ]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr class="docutils" />
<div class="section" id="signing-key">
<h2>Signing Key<a class="headerlink" href="#signing-key" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The SigningKey interface provides an abstraction around the
<em>secp256k1 elliptic curve cryptography</em> library, which signs digests,
computes public keys from private keys and performs <em>ecrecover</em> which
computes a public key from a digest and a signature.</p>
<div class="section" id="id7">
<h3>Creating Instances<a class="headerlink" href="#id7" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>new <sup>ethers . utils</sup> . SigningKey ( privateKey )</dt>
<dd>Create a new SigningKey and compute the corresponding public key and address.
A private key may be a any <a class="reference internal" href="api-utils.html#hexstring"><span class="std std-ref">hex string</span></a> or an
<a class="reference internal" href="api-utils.html#arrayish"><span class="std std-ref">Arrayish</span></a> representing 32 bytes.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id8">
<h3>Prototype<a class="headerlink" href="#id8" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><sup>prototype</sup> . address</dt>
<dd>The Ethereum checksum address for this key pair.</dd>
<dt><sup>prototype</sup> . privateKey</dt>
<dd>The private key for the key pair.</dd>
<dt><sup>prototype</sup> . publicKey</dt>
<dd>The uncompressed public key for the key pair.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="cryptographic-operations">
<h3>Cryptographic Operations<a class="headerlink" href="#cryptographic-operations" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><sup>prototype</sup> . signDigest ( messageDigest ) &nbsp; <sup>=&gt;</sup> &nbsp; <sup>Signature</sup></dt>
<dd>The <a class="reference internal" href="api-utils.html#signature"><span class="std std-ref">expanded-format Signature</span></a> for the digests, signed
by this key pair.</dd>
<dt><sup>prototype</sup> . computeSharedSecret ( publicOrPrivateKey ) &nbsp; <sup>=&gt;</sup> &nbsp; <sup>hex</sup></dt>
<dd>Compute the ECDH shared secret from this keys private key and the
<em>publicOrPrivateKey</em>. In is generally considered good practice to
further hash this value before using it as a key.</dd>
</dl>
<div class="literal-block-wrapper docutils container" id="id12">
<div class="code-block-caption"><span class="caption-text"><em>Signing Key</em></span><a class="headerlink" href="#id12" title="Permalink to this code"></a></div>
<div class="highlight-javascript notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;ethers&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">privateKey</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;0x0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">signingKey</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">utils</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">SigningKey</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">privateKey</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Address: &#39;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nx">signingKey</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">address</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// &quot;Address: 0x14791697260E4c9A71f18484C9f997B308e59325&quot;</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">message</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Hello World&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">messageBytes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">utils</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">toUtf8Bytes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">message</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">messageDigest</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">utils</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">keccak256</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">messageBytes</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Digest: &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nx">messageDigest</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// &quot;Digest: 0x592fa743889fc7f92ac2a37bb1f5ba1daf2a5c84741ca0e0061d243a2e6707ba&quot;</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">signature</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">signingKey</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">signDigest</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">messageDigest</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">signature</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// {</span>
<span class="c1">// recoveryParam: 0,</span>
<span class="c1">// r: &quot;0x79f56f3422dc67f57b2aeeb0b20295a99ec90420b203177f83d419c98beda7fe&quot;,</span>
<span class="c1">// s: &quot;0x1a9d05433883bdc7e6d882740f4ea7921ef458a61b2cfe6197c2bb1bc47236fd&quot;</span>
<span class="c1">// }</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">recovered</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">utils</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">recoverAddress</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">messageDigest</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">signature</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Recovered: &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nx">recovered</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// &quot;Recovered: 0x14791697260E4c9A71f18484C9f997B308e59325&quot;</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">publicKey</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">signingKey</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">publicKey</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Public Key: &#39;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nx">publicKey</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// &quot;Public Key: 0x026655feed4d214c261e0a6b554395596f1f1476a77d999560e5a8df9b8a1a3515&quot;</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">compressedPublicKey</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">utlis</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">computePublicKey</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">publicKey</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">uncompressedPublicKey</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">utils</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">computePublicKey</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">publicKey</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">compressedPublicKey</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// &quot;0x026655feed4d214c261e0a6b554395596f1f1476a77d999560e5a8df9b8a1a3515&quot;</span>
<span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">uncompressedPublicKey</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// &quot;0x046655feed4d214c261e0a6b554395596f1f1476a77d999560e5a8df9b8a1a35&quot; +</span>
<span class="c1">// &quot;15217e88dd05e938efdd71b2cce322bf01da96cd42087b236e8f5043157a9c068e&quot;</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">address</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">utils</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">computeAddress</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">publicKey</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Address: &#39;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nx">address</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// &quot;Address: 0x14791697260E4c9A71f18484C9f997B308e59325&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
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