ethers.js/docs.wrm/migrating.wrm

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_section: Migrating from v5 @<migrating> @priority<-10>
This guide aims to capture some of the high-level differences
between v5 and v6 to help those migrating an existing app and
those already familiar with v5 that just need a quick primer.
The biggest differnce in v6 is the use of modern ES6 features,
so a lot of changes are largely internal.
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- [BigNumbers](migrate-bigint)
- [Contracts](migrate-contracts)
- [Importing](migrate-importing)
- [Providers](migrate-providers)
- [Signatures](migrate-signatures)
- [Transactions](migrate-transactions)
- [Utilities](migrate-utils)
- [Removed Items](migrate-missing)
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_subsection: Big Numbers @<migrate-bigint>
One of the biggest changes in v6 is that the //BigNumber// class has
been replaced with the built-in ES2020 BigInt offered by modern
JavaScript environments.
There is plenty of [online documentation](link-js-bigint) to get
you started with JavaScript ES2020 BigInt. Keep in mind, just like
//BigNumber//, a ES2020 BigInt can **only** operate on integers.
The [[FixedNumber]] class still exists for performing fixed-point
maths.
_code: creating large numbers @lang<script>
// Using BigNumber in v5
value = BigNumber.from("1000")
// Using BigInt in v6 (using literal notation).
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// Notice the suffix n
value = 1000n
// Using the BigInt function for strings
value = BigInt("1000")
_code: simple maths on large numbers @lang<script>
// Adding two values in v5
sum = value1.add(value2)
// Using BigInt in v6; keep in mind, both values
// must be a BigInt
sum = value1 + value2
_code: simple comparison on large numbers @lang<script>
// Checking equality in v5
isEqual = value1.eq(value2)
// Using BigInt in v6
isEqaul = (value1 == value2)
_subsection: Contracts @<migrate-contracts>
The [[Contract]] is an ES6 Proxy, which means it can resolve
method names at run-time.
_heading: Ambiguous Methods
In v5, in the case of an ambiguous method, it was necessary to
look up a method by its canonical normalized signature. In v6
the signature does not need to be normalized and the Typed API
provides a cleaner way to access the desired method.
In v5, duplicate definitions also injected warnings into the
console, since there was no way to detect them at run-time.
_code: contracts in v5 @lang<script>
abi = [
"function foo(address bar)",
"function foo(uint160 bar)",
]
contract = new Contract(address, abi, provider)
// In v5 it was necessary to specify the fully-qualified normalized
// signature to access the desired method. For example:
contract["foo(address)"](addr)
// These would fail, since there signature is not normalized:
contract["foo(address )"](addr)
contract["foo(address addr)"](addr)
// This would fail, since the method is ambiguous:
contract.foo(addr)
_code: contracts in v6 @lang<script>
abi = [
"function foo(address bar)",
"function foo(uint160 bar)",
]
contract = new Contract(address, abi, provider)
// Any of these work fine:
contract["foo(address)"](addr)
contract["foo(address )"](addr)
contract["foo(address addr)"](addr)
// This still fails, since there is no way to know which
// method was intended
contract.foo(addr)
// However, the Typed API makes things a bit easier, since it
// allows providing typing information to the Contract:
contract.foo(Typed.address(addr))
_heading: Other Method Operations
In v5, contracts contained a series of method buckets, which
then in turn had all signatures and non-ambiguous names
attached to them to perform less-common operations.
In v6, the methods each have their own less-common operations
attached directly to them.
_code: other operations in v5 @lang<script>
// The default action chooses send or call base on method
// type (pure, view, constant, non-payable or payable)
contract.foo(addr)
// This would perform the default action, but return a Result
// object, instead of destructing the value
contract.functions.foo(addr)
// Forces using call
contract.callStatic.foo(addr)
// Estimate the gas
contract.estimateGas.foo(addr)
// Populate a transaction
contract.populateTransaction.foo(addr)
_code: other operations in v6 @lang<script>
// Still behaves the same
contract.foo(addr)
// Perform a call, returning a Result object directly
contract.foo.staticCallResult(addr)
// Forces using call (even for payable and non-payable)
contract.foo.staticCall(addr)
// Forces sending a transaction (even for pure and view)
contract.foo.send(addr)
// Estimate the gas
contract.foo.estimateGas(addr)
// Populate a transaction
contract.foo.populateTransaction(addr)
_subsection: Importing @<migrate-importing>
In v5, the project was maintained as a large set of sub-packages
managed as a monorepo.
In v6 all imports are available in the root package, and for those
who wish to have finer-grained control, the ``pkg.exports`` makes
certain folders avilable directly.
_code: importing in v5 @lang<script>
// Many things (but not all) we available on the root package
import { ethers } from "ethers"
// But some packages were grouped behind an additional property
import { providers } from "ethers"
const { InfuraProvider } = providers
// For granular control, importing from the sub-package
// was necessary
import { InfuraProvider } from "@ethersproject/providers"
_code: importing in v6 @lang<script>
// Everything is available on the root package
import { ethers } from "ethers"
import { InfuraProvider } from "ethers"
// The pkg.exports provides granular access
import { InfuraProvider } from "ethers/providers"
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_subsection: Providers @<migrate-providers>
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In addition to all the ``ethers.providers.*`` being moved to
``ethers.*``, the biggest change developers need to keep in
mind is that ``Web3Provider`` (which historically was used
to wrap [[link-web3js]] providers) is now called
[[BrowserProvider]] which is designed to wrap EIP-1193
providers, which is the standard that both modern Web3.js and
injected providers offer.
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_code: wrapping EIP-1193 providers @lang<script>
// v5
provider = new ethers.providers.Web3Provider(window.ethereum)
// v6:
provider = new ethers.BrowserProvider(window.ethereum)
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Also, the method for broadcasting transactions to the network has
changed:
_code: broadcasting transactions @lang<script>
// v5
provider.sendTransaction(signedTx)
// v6
provider.broadcastTransaction(signedTx)
_subsection: Signatures @<migrate-signatures>
The Signature is now a class which facilitates all the parsing
and serializing.
_code: signature manipulation
// v5
splitSig = splitSignature(sigBytes)
sigBytes = joinSignature(splitSig)
// v6
splitSig = ethers.Signature.from(sigBytes)
sigBytes = ethers.Signature.from(splitSig).serialized
_subsection: Transactions @<migrate-transactions>
The transaction helpers present in v5 were all wrapped into a
[[Transaction]] class, which can handle any supported transaction
format to be further processed
_code: parsing transactions @lang<script>
// v5
tx = parseTransaction(txBytes)
txBytes = serializeTransaction(tx)
txBytes = serializeTransaction(tx, sig)
// v6
tx = Transaction.from(txBytes)
// v6 (the tx can optionally include the signature)
txBytes = Transaction.from(tx).serialized
_subsection: Utilities @<migrate-utils>
_code: Bytes32 string helpers @lang<script>
// In v5:
bytes32 = ethers.utils.formatBytes32String(text)
text = ethers.utils.parseBytes32String(bytes32)
// In v6:
bytes32 = ethers.encodeBytes32String(text)
text = ethers.decodeBytes32String(bytes32)
_code: constants @lang<script>
// v5:
ethers.constants.AddressZero
ethers.constants.HashZero
// v6:
ethers.ZeroAddress
ethers.ZeroHash
_code: data manipulation @lang<script>
// v5
slice = ethers.utils.hexDataSlice(value, start, end)
padded = ethers.utils.hexZeroPad(value, length)
// v5; converting numbers to hexstrings
hex = hexlify(35)
// v6
slice = ethers.dataSlice(value, start, end)
padded = ethers.zeroPadValue(value, length)
// v6; converting numbers to hexstrings
hex = toBeHex(35)
_code: defaultAbiCoder @lang<script>
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// In v5, it is a property of AbiCoder
coder = AbiCoder.defaultAbiCoder
// In v6, it is a static function on AbiCoder, which uses
// a singleton pattern; the first time it is called, the
// AbiCoder is created and on subsequent calls that initial
// instance is returned.
coder = AbiCoder.defaultAbiCoder()
_code: fetching content @lang<script>
// v5, with a body and no weird things
data = await ethers.utils.fetchJson(url, json, processFunc)
// v5 with Connection overrides
req = {
url, user: "username", password: "password"
// etc. properties have FetchRequest equivalents
};
data = await ethers.utils.detchJson(req, json, processFunc)
// v6
req = new ethers.FetchRequest(url)
// set a body; optional
req.body = json
// set credentials; optional
req.setCredentials("username", "password")
// set a processFunc; optional
req.processFunc = processFunc
// send the request!
resp = await req.send()
// Get the response body; depending on desired format
data = resp.body // Uint8Array
data = resp.bodyText // Utf8String; throws if invalid
data = resp.bodyJson // Object; throws if invalid
_code: hex conversion @lang<script>
// v5
hex = ethers.utils.hexValue(value)
array = ethers.utils.arrayify(value)
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// v6
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hex = ethers.toQuantity(value)
array = ethers.getBytes(value)
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_code: solidity non-standard packed @lang<script>
// v5
ethers.utils.solidityPack(types, values)
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// v6
ethers.solidityPacked(types, values)
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_code: property manipulation @lang<script>
// v5
ethers.utils.defineReadOnly(obj, "name", value)
// v6
ethers.defineProperties(obj, { name: value });
_subsection: Removed Classes and functions @<migrate-missing>
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The **Logger** class has been replaced by
[several Error utility functions](about-errors).
The ``checkProperties`` and ``shallowCopy`` have been
removed in favor of using ``.map`` and ``Object.assign``.