<html><head><title>Application Binary Interface</title><linkrel="stylesheet"type="text/css"href="/static/style.css"></head><body><divclass="sidebar"><divclass="header"><divclass="logo"><ahref="/"><divclass="image"></div><divclass="name">ethers</div><divclass="version">v5.0-beta</div></a></div></div><divclass="toc"><div><divclass="link title"><ahref="/">Documentation</a></div><divclass="base show link depth-1"><ahref="/getting-started/">Getting Started</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-2"><ahref="/getting-started/#getting-started--installing">Installing</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-2"><ahref="/getting-started/#getting-started--importing">Importing</a></div><divclass="base show link depth-1"><ahref="/concepts/">Concepts</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-2"><ahref="/concepts/events/">Events</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-3"><ahref="/concepts/events/#events--solidity-topics">Solidity Topics</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-2"><ahref="/concepts/gas/">Gas</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-3"><ahref="/concepts/gas/#gas-price">Gas Price</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-3"><ahref="/concepts/gas/#gas-limit">Gas Limit</a></div><divclass="base ancestor show link depth-1"><ahref="/api/">Application Programming Interface</a></div><divclass="show link depth-2"><ahref="/api/contract/">Contract Interaction</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-3"><ahref="/api/contract/contract/">Contract</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-4"><ahref="/api/contract/contract/#contract--properties">Properties</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-4"><ahref="/api/contract/contract/#contract--methods">Methods</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-4"><ahref="/api/contract/contract/#contract--events">Events</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-4"><ahref="/api/contract/contract/#contract-metaclass">Meta-Class</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-3"><ahref="/api/contract/example/">Example: ERC-20 Contract</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-4"><ahref="/api/contract/example/#example-erc-20-contract--connecting-to-a-contract">Connecting to a Contract</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-4"><ahref="/api/contract/example/#example-erc-20-contract--properties-inheritted-from-contract">Properties ^^//(inheritted from [[contract]])//^^</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-4"><ahref="/api/contract/example/#example-erc-20-contract--methods-inheritted-from-contract">Methods ^^//(inheritted from [[contract]])//^^</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-4"><ahref="/api/contract/example/#erc20-events">Events ^^//(inheritted from Contract)//^^</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-4"><ahref="/api/contract/example/#example-erc-20-contract--meta-class-methods-added-at-runtime">Meta-Class Methods ^^//(added at Runtime)//^^</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-4"><ahref="/api/contract/example/#example-erc-20-contract--meta-class-filters-added-at-runtime">Meta-Class Filters ^^//(added at Runtime)//^^</a></div><divclass="show link depth-2"><ahref="/api/signer/">Signers</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-3"><ahref="/api/signer/#signer">Signer</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-3"><ahref="/api/signer/#wallet">Wallet</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-3"><ahref="/api/signer/#void-signer">VoidSigner</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-3"><ahref="/api/signer/#externally-owned-account">ExternallyOwnedAccount</a></div><divclass="show link depth-2"><ahref="/api/providers/">Providers</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-3"><ahref="/api/providers/provider/">Provider</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-4"><ahref="/api/providers/provider/#provider--accounts-methods">Accounts Methods</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-4"><ahref="/api/providers/provider/#provider--blocks-methods">Blocks Methods</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-4"><ahref="/api/providers/provider/#provider--ethereum-naming-service-ens-methods">Ethereum Naming Service (ENS) Methods</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-4"><ahref="/api/providers/provider/#provider--logs-methods">Logs Methods</a></div><divclass="hide link depth-4"><ahref="/ap
