ethers.js/src.ts/utils/utf8.ts

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/**
* Using strings in Ethereum (or any security-basd system) requires
* additional care. These utilities attempt to mitigate some of the
* safety issues as well as provide the ability to recover and analyse
* strings.
*
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* @_subsection api/utils:Strings and UTF-8 [about-strings]
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*/
import { getBytes } from "./data.js";
import { assertArgument, assertNormalize } from "./errors.js";
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import type { BytesLike } from "./index.js";
///////////////////////////////
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/**
* The stanard normalization forms.
*/
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export type UnicodeNormalizationForm = "NFC" | "NFD" | "NFKC" | "NFKD";
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/**
* When using the UTF-8 error API the following errors can be intercepted
* and processed as the %%reason%% passed to the [[Utf8ErrorFunc]].
*
* **``"UNEXPECTED_CONTINUE"``** - a continuation byte was present where there
* was nothing to continue.
*
* **``"BAD_PREFIX"``** - an invalid (non-continuation) byte to start a
* UTF-8 codepoint was found.
*
* **``"OVERRUN"``** - the string is too short to process the expected
* codepoint length.
*
* **``"MISSING_CONTINUE"``** - a missing continuation byte was expected but
* not found. The %%offset%% indicates the index the continuation byte
* was expected at.
*
* **``"OUT_OF_RANGE"``** - the computed code point is outside the range
* for UTF-8. The %%badCodepoint%% indicates the computed codepoint, which was
* outside the valid UTF-8 range.
*
* **``"UTF16_SURROGATE"``** - the UTF-8 strings contained a UTF-16 surrogate
* pair. The %%badCodepoint%% is the computed codepoint, which was inside the
* UTF-16 surrogate range.
*
* **``"OVERLONG"``** - the string is an overlong representation. The
* %%badCodepoint%% indicates the computed codepoint, which has already
* been bounds checked.
*
*
* @returns string
*/
export type Utf8ErrorReason = "UNEXPECTED_CONTINUE" | "BAD_PREFIX" | "OVERRUN" |
"MISSING_CONTINUE" | "OUT_OF_RANGE" | "UTF16_SURROGATE" | "OVERLONG";
/**
* A callback that can be used with [[toUtf8String]] to analysis or
* recovery from invalid UTF-8 data.
*
* Parsing UTF-8 data is done through a simple Finite-State Machine (FSM)
* which calls the ``Utf8ErrorFunc`` if a fault is detected.
*
* The %%reason%% indicates where in the FSM execution the fault
* occurred and the %%offset%% indicates where the input failed.
*
* The %%bytes%% represents the raw UTF-8 data that was provided and
* %%output%% is the current array of UTF-8 code-points, which may
* be updated by the ``Utf8ErrorFunc``.
*
* The value of the %%badCodepoint%% depends on the %%reason%%. See
* [[Utf8ErrorReason]] for details.
*
* The function should return the number of bytes that should be skipped
* when control resumes to the FSM.
*/
export type Utf8ErrorFunc = (reason: Utf8ErrorReason, offset: number, bytes: Uint8Array, output: Array<number>, badCodepoint?: number) => number;
function errorFunc(reason: Utf8ErrorReason, offset: number, bytes: Uint8Array, output: Array<number>, badCodepoint?: number): number {
assertArgument(false, `invalid codepoint at offset ${ offset }; ${ reason }`, "bytes", bytes);
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}
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function ignoreFunc(reason: Utf8ErrorReason, offset: number, bytes: Uint8Array, output: Array<number>, badCodepoint?: number): number {
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// If there is an invalid prefix (including stray continuation), skip any additional continuation bytes
if (reason === "BAD_PREFIX" || reason === "UNEXPECTED_CONTINUE") {
let i = 0;
for (let o = offset + 1; o < bytes.length; o++) {
if (bytes[o] >> 6 !== 0x02) { break; }
i++;
}
return i;
}
// This byte runs us past the end of the string, so just jump to the end
// (but the first byte was read already read and therefore skipped)
if (reason === "OVERRUN") {
return bytes.length - offset - 1;
}
// Nothing to skip
return 0;
}
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function replaceFunc(reason: Utf8ErrorReason, offset: number, bytes: Uint8Array, output: Array<number>, badCodepoint?: number): number {
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// Overlong representations are otherwise "valid" code points; just non-deistingtished
if (reason === "OVERLONG") {
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assertArgument(typeof(badCodepoint) === "number", "invalid bad code point for replacement", "badCodepoint", badCodepoint);
output.push(badCodepoint);
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return 0;
}
// Put the replacement character into the output
output.push(0xfffd);
// Otherwise, process as if ignoring errors
return ignoreFunc(reason, offset, bytes, output, badCodepoint);
}
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/**
* A handful of popular, built-in UTF-8 error handling strategies.
*
* **``"error"``** - throws on ANY illegal UTF-8 sequence or
* non-canonical (overlong) codepoints (this is the default)
*
* **``"ignore"``** - silently drops any illegal UTF-8 sequence
* and accepts non-canonical (overlong) codepoints
*
* **``"replace"``** - replace any illegal UTF-8 sequence with the
* UTF-8 replacement character (i.e. ``"\\ufffd"``) and accepts
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* non-canonical (overlong) codepoints
*
* @returns: Record<"error" | "ignore" | "replace", Utf8ErrorFunc>
*/
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export const Utf8ErrorFuncs: Readonly<Record<"error" | "ignore" | "replace", Utf8ErrorFunc>> = Object.freeze({
error: errorFunc,
ignore: ignoreFunc,
replace: replaceFunc
});
// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13356493/decode-utf-8-with-javascript#13691499
function getUtf8CodePoints(_bytes: BytesLike, onError?: Utf8ErrorFunc): Array<number> {
if (onError == null) { onError = Utf8ErrorFuncs.error; }
const bytes = getBytes(_bytes, "bytes");
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const result: Array<number> = [];
let i = 0;
// Invalid bytes are ignored
while(i < bytes.length) {
const c = bytes[i++];
// 0xxx xxxx
if (c >> 7 === 0) {
result.push(c);
continue;
}
// Multibyte; how many bytes left for this character?
let extraLength = null;
let overlongMask = null;
// 110x xxxx 10xx xxxx
if ((c & 0xe0) === 0xc0) {
extraLength = 1;
overlongMask = 0x7f;
// 1110 xxxx 10xx xxxx 10xx xxxx
} else if ((c & 0xf0) === 0xe0) {
extraLength = 2;
overlongMask = 0x7ff;
// 1111 0xxx 10xx xxxx 10xx xxxx 10xx xxxx
} else if ((c & 0xf8) === 0xf0) {
extraLength = 3;
overlongMask = 0xffff;
} else {
if ((c & 0xc0) === 0x80) {
i += onError("UNEXPECTED_CONTINUE", i - 1, bytes, result);
} else {
i += onError("BAD_PREFIX", i - 1, bytes, result);
}
continue;
}
// Do we have enough bytes in our data?
if (i - 1 + extraLength >= bytes.length) {
i += onError("OVERRUN", i - 1, bytes, result);
continue;
}
// Remove the length prefix from the char
let res: null | number = c & ((1 << (8 - extraLength - 1)) - 1);
for (let j = 0; j < extraLength; j++) {
let nextChar = bytes[i];
// Invalid continuation byte
if ((nextChar & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
i += onError("MISSING_CONTINUE", i, bytes, result);
res = null;
break;
};
res = (res << 6) | (nextChar & 0x3f);
i++;
}
// See above loop for invalid continuation byte
if (res === null) { continue; }
// Maximum code point
if (res > 0x10ffff) {
i += onError("OUT_OF_RANGE", i - 1 - extraLength, bytes, result, res);
continue;
}
// Reserved for UTF-16 surrogate halves
if (res >= 0xd800 && res <= 0xdfff) {
i += onError("UTF16_SURROGATE", i - 1 - extraLength, bytes, result, res);
continue;
}
// Check for overlong sequences (more bytes than needed)
if (res <= overlongMask) {
i += onError("OVERLONG", i - 1 - extraLength, bytes, result, res);
continue;
}
result.push(res);
}
return result;
}
// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/18729405/how-to-convert-utf8-string-to-byte-array
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/**
* Returns the UTF-8 byte representation of %%str%%.
*
* If %%form%% is specified, the string is normalized.
*/
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export function toUtf8Bytes(str: string, form?: UnicodeNormalizationForm): Uint8Array {
if (form != null) {
assertNormalize(form);
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str = str.normalize(form);
}
let result = [];
for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
const c = str.charCodeAt(i);
if (c < 0x80) {
result.push(c);
} else if (c < 0x800) {
result.push((c >> 6) | 0xc0);
result.push((c & 0x3f) | 0x80);
} else if ((c & 0xfc00) == 0xd800) {
i++;
const c2 = str.charCodeAt(i);
assertArgument(i < str.length && ((c2 & 0xfc00) === 0xdc00),
"invalid surrogate pair", "str", str);
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// Surrogate Pair
const pair = 0x10000 + ((c & 0x03ff) << 10) + (c2 & 0x03ff);
result.push((pair >> 18) | 0xf0);
result.push(((pair >> 12) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
result.push(((pair >> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
result.push((pair & 0x3f) | 0x80);
} else {
result.push((c >> 12) | 0xe0);
result.push(((c >> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
result.push((c & 0x3f) | 0x80);
}
}
return new Uint8Array(result);
};
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//export
function _toUtf8String(codePoints: Array<number>): string {
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return codePoints.map((codePoint) => {
if (codePoint <= 0xffff) {
return String.fromCharCode(codePoint);
}
codePoint -= 0x10000;
return String.fromCharCode(
(((codePoint >> 10) & 0x3ff) + 0xd800),
((codePoint & 0x3ff) + 0xdc00)
);
}).join("");
}
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/**
* Returns the string represented by the UTF-8 data %%bytes%%.
*
* When %%onError%% function is specified, it is called on UTF-8
* errors allowing recovery using the [[Utf8ErrorFunc]] API.
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* (default: [error](Utf8ErrorFuncs))
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*/
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export function toUtf8String(bytes: BytesLike, onError?: Utf8ErrorFunc): string {
return _toUtf8String(getUtf8CodePoints(bytes, onError));
}
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/**
* Returns the UTF-8 code-points for %%str%%.
*
* If %%form%% is specified, the string is normalized.
*/
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export function toUtf8CodePoints(str: string, form?: UnicodeNormalizationForm): Array<number> {
return getUtf8CodePoints(toUtf8Bytes(str, form));
}