(function(f){if(typeof exports==="object"&&typeof module!=="undefined"){module.exports=f()}else if(typeof define==="function"&&define.amd){define([],f)}else{var g;if(typeof window!=="undefined"){g=window}else if(typeof global!=="undefined"){g=global}else if(typeof self!=="undefined"){g=self}else{g=this}g.ethers = f()}})(function(){var define,module,exports;return (function(){function e(t,n,r){function s(o,u){if(!n[o]){if(!t[o]){var a=typeof require=="function"&&require;if(!u&&a)return a(o,!0);if(i)return i(o,!0);var f=new Error("Cannot find module '"+o+"'");throw f.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",f}var l=n[o]={exports:{}};t[o][0].call(l.exports,function(e){var n=t[o][1][e];return s(n?n:e)},l,l.exports,e,t,n,r)}return n[o].exports}var i=typeof require=="function"&&require;for(var o=0;o<r.length;o++)s(r[o]);return s}return e})()({1:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

var Interface = require('./interface.js');

var utils = (function() {
    return {
        defineProperty: require('../utils/properties.js').defineProperty,

        getAddress: require('../utils/address.js').getAddress,

        bigNumberify: require('../utils/bignumber.js').bigNumberify,

        hexlify: require('../utils/convert.js').hexlify,
    };
})();

var errors = require('../utils/errors');

var allowedTransactionKeys = {
    data: true, from: true, gasLimit: true, gasPrice:true, nonce: true, to: true, value: true
}

function copyObject(object) {
    var result = {};
    for (var key in object) {
        result[key] = object[key];
    }
    return result;
}


function Contract(addressOrName, contractInterface, signerOrProvider) {
    if (!(this instanceof Contract)) { throw new Error('missing new'); }

    // @TODO: Maybe still check the addressOrName looks like a valid address or name?
    //address = utils.getAddress(address);

    if (!(contractInterface instanceof Interface)) {
        contractInterface = new Interface(contractInterface);
    }

    if (!signerOrProvider) { throw new Error('missing signer or provider'); }

    var signer = signerOrProvider;
    var provider = null;

    if (signerOrProvider.provider) {
        provider = signerOrProvider.provider;
    } else {
        provider = signerOrProvider;
        signer = null;
    }

    utils.defineProperty(this, 'address', addressOrName);
    utils.defineProperty(this, 'interface', contractInterface);
    utils.defineProperty(this, 'signer', signer);
    utils.defineProperty(this, 'provider', provider);

    var addressPromise = provider.resolveName(addressOrName);

    function runMethod(method, estimateOnly) {
        return function() {
            var transaction = {}

            var params = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);

            // If 1 extra parameter was passed in, it contains overrides
            if (params.length === method.inputs.types.length + 1 && typeof(params[params.length - 1]) === 'object') {
                transaction = copyObject(params.pop());

                // Check for unexpected keys (e.g. using "gas" instead of "gasLimit")
                for (var key in transaction) {
                    if (!allowedTransactionKeys[key]) {
                        throw new Error('unknown transaction override ' + key);
                    }
                }
            }

            // Check overrides make sense
            ['data', 'to'].forEach(function(key) {
                if (transaction[key] != null) {
                    throw new Error('cannot override ' + key) ;
                }
            });

            var call = method.apply(contractInterface, params);

            // Send to the contract address
            transaction.to = addressOrName;

            // Set the transaction data
            transaction.data = call.data;

            switch (call.type) {
                case 'call':

                    // Call (constant functions) always cost 0 ether
                    if (estimateOnly) {
                        return Promise.resolve(new utils.bigNumberify(0));
                    }

                    // Check overrides make sense
                    ['gasLimit', 'gasPrice', 'value'].forEach(function(key) {
                        if (transaction[key] != null) {
                            throw new Error('call cannot override ' + key) ;
                        }
                    });

                    var fromPromise = null;
                    if (transaction.from == null && signer && signer.getAddress) {
                        fromPromise = signer.getAddress();
                        if (!(fromPromise instanceof Promise)) {
                            fromPromise = Promise.resolve(fromPromise);
                        }
                    } else {
                        fromPromise = Promise.resolve(null);
                    }

                    return fromPromise.then(function(address) {
                        if (address) {
                            transaction.from = utils.getAddress(address);
                        }
                        return provider.call(transaction);

                    }).then(function(value) {
                        try {
                            var result = call.parse(value);
                        } catch (error) {
                            if (value === '0x' && method.outputs.types.length > 0) {
                                errors.throwError('call exception', errors.CALL_EXCEPTION, {
                                    address: addressOrName,
                                    method: call.signature,
                                    value: params
                                });
                            }
                            throw error;
                        }
                        if (method.outputs.types.length === 1) {
                             result = result[0];
                        }
                        return result;
                    });

                case 'transaction':
                    if (!signer) { return Promise.reject(new Error('missing signer')); }

                    // Make sure they aren't overriding something they shouldn't
                    if (transaction.from != null) {
                        throw new Error('transaction cannot override from') ;
                    }

                    // Only computing the transaction estimate
                    if (estimateOnly) {
                        if (signer && signer.estimateGas) {
                            return signer.estimateGas(transaction);
                        }

                        return provider.estimateGas(transaction)
                    }

                    // If the signer supports sendTrasaction, use it
                    if (signer.sendTransaction) {
                        return signer.sendTransaction(transaction);
                    }

                    if (!signer.sign) {
                        return Promise.reject(new Error('custom signer does not support signing'));
                    }

                    if (transaction.gasLimit == null) {
                        transaction.gasLimit = signer.defaultGasLimit || 2000000;
                    }

                    var noncePromise = null;
                    if (transaction.nonce) {
                        noncePromise = Promise.resolve(transaction.nonce)
                    } else if (signer.getTransactionCount) {
                        noncePromise = signer.getTransactionCount();
                        if (!(noncePromise instanceof Promise)) {
                            noncePromise = Promise.resolve(noncePromise);
                        }
                    } else {
                        var addressPromise = signer.getAddress();
                        if (!(addressPromise instanceof Promise)) {
                            addressPromise = Promise.resolve(addressPromise);
                        }
                        noncePromise = addressPromise.then(function(address) {
                            return provider.getTransactionCount(address, 'pending');
                        });
                    }

                    var gasPricePromise = null;
                    if (transaction.gasPrice) {
                        gasPricePromise = Promise.resolve(transaction.gasPrice);
                    } else {
                        gasPricePromise = provider.getGasPrice();
                    }

                    return Promise.all([
                        noncePromise,
                        gasPricePromise

                    ]).then(function(results) {
                        transaction.nonce = results[0];
                        transaction.gasPrice = results[1];
                        return signer.sign(transaction);

                    }).then(function(signedTransaction) {
                        return provider.sendTransaction(signedTransaction);
                    });
            }
        };
    }

    var estimate = {};
    utils.defineProperty(this, 'estimate', estimate);

    var functions = {};
    utils.defineProperty(this, 'functions', functions);

    var events = {};
    utils.defineProperty(this, 'events', events);

    Object.keys(contractInterface.functions).forEach(function(methodName) {
        var method = contractInterface.functions[methodName];

        var run = runMethod(method, false);

        if (this[methodName] == null) {
            utils.defineProperty(this, methodName, run);
        } else {
            console.log('WARNING: Multiple definitions for ' + method);
        }

        if (functions[method] == null) {
            utils.defineProperty(functions, methodName, run);
            utils.defineProperty(estimate, methodName, runMethod(method, true));
        }
    }, this);

    Object.keys(contractInterface.events).forEach(function(eventName) {
        var eventInfo = contractInterface.events[eventName];

        var eventCallback = null;

        function handleEvent(log) {
            addressPromise.then(function(address) {

                // Not meant for us (the topics just has the same name)
                if (address != log.address) { return; }

                try {
                    var result = eventInfo.parse(log.topics, log.data);

                    // Some useful things to have with the log
                    log.args = result;
                    log.event = eventName;
                    log.parse = eventInfo.parse;
                    log.removeListener = function() {
                        provider.removeListener(eventInfo.topics, handleEvent);
                    }

                    log.getBlock = function() { return provider.getBlock(log.blockHash);; }
                    log.getTransaction = function() { return provider.getTransaction(log.transactionHash); }
                    log.getTransactionReceipt = function() { return provider.getTransactionReceipt(log.transactionHash); }
                    log.eventSignature = eventInfo.signature;

                    eventCallback.apply(log, Array.prototype.slice.call(result));
                } catch (error) {
                    console.log(error);
                }
            });
        }

        var property = {
            enumerable: true,
            get: function() {
                return eventCallback;
            },
            set: function(value) {
                if (!value) { value = null; }

                if (!value && eventCallback) {
                    provider.removeListener(eventInfo.topics, handleEvent);

                } else if (value && !eventCallback) {
                    provider.on(eventInfo.topics, handleEvent);
                }

                eventCallback = value;
            }
        };

        var propertyName = 'on' + eventName.toLowerCase();
        if (this[propertyName] == null) {
            Object.defineProperty(this, propertyName, property);
        }

        Object.defineProperty(events, eventName, property);

    }, this);
}

utils.defineProperty(Contract.prototype, 'connect', function(signerOrProvider) {
    return new Contract(this.address, this.interface, signerOrProvider);
});

utils.defineProperty(Contract, 'getDeployTransaction', function(bytecode, contractInterface) {

    if (!(contractInterface instanceof Interface)) {
        contractInterface = new Interface(contractInterface);
    }

    var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
    args.splice(1, 1);

    return {
        data: contractInterface.deployFunction.apply(contractInterface, args).bytecode
    }
});

module.exports = Contract;

},{"../utils/address.js":9,"../utils/bignumber.js":10,"../utils/convert.js":11,"../utils/errors":12,"../utils/properties.js":14,"./interface.js":3}],2:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

var Contract = require('./contract.js');
var Interface = require('./interface.js');

module.exports = {
    Contract: Contract,
    Interface: Interface,
}


},{"./contract.js":1,"./interface.js":3}],3:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// See: https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Ethereum-Contract-ABI

var utils = (function() {
    var AbiCoder = require('../utils/abi-coder');
    var convert = require('../utils/convert');
    var properties = require('../utils/properties');
    var utf8 = require('../utils/utf8');

    return {
        defineFrozen: properties.defineFrozen,
        defineProperty: properties.defineProperty,

        coder: AbiCoder.defaultCoder,
        parseSignature: AbiCoder.parseSignature,

        arrayify: convert.arrayify,
        concat: convert.concat,
        isHexString: convert.isHexString,

        toUtf8Bytes: utf8.toUtf8Bytes,

        keccak256: require('../utils/keccak256'),
    };
})();

var errors = require('../utils/errors');

function parseParams(params) {
    var names = [];
    var types = [];

    params.forEach(function(param) {
        if (param.components != null) {
            if (param.type.substring(0, 5) !== 'tuple') {
                throw new Error('internal error; report on GitHub');
            }
            var suffix = '';
            var arrayBracket = param.type.indexOf('[');
            if (arrayBracket >= 0) { suffix = param.type.substring(arrayBracket); }

            var result = parseParams(param.components);
            names.push({ name: (param.name || null), names: result.names });
            types.push('tuple(' + result.types.join(',') + ')' + suffix)
        } else {
            names.push(param.name || null);
            types.push(param.type);
        }
    });

    return {
        names: names,
        types: types
    }
}

function populateDescription(object, items) {
    for (var key in items) {
        utils.defineProperty(object, key, items[key]);
    }
    return object;
}

/**
 *  - bytecode (optional; only for deploy)
 *  - type ("deploy")
 */
function DeployDescription() { }

/**
 *  - name
 *  - signature
 *  - sighash
 *  - 
 *  - 
 *  - 
 *  - 
 *  - type: ("call" | "transaction")
 */
function FunctionDescription() { }

/**
 *  - anonymous
 *  - name
 *  - signature
 *  - parse
 *  - topics
 *  - inputs
 *  - type ("event")
 */
function EventDescription() { }

function Indexed(value) {
    utils.defineProperty(this, 'indexed', true);
    utils.defineProperty(this, 'hash', value);
}

function Result() {}

function Interface(abi) {
    if (!(this instanceof Interface)) { throw new Error('missing new'); }

    if (typeof(abi) === 'string') {
        try {
            abi = JSON.parse(abi);
        } catch (error) {
            errors.throwError('could not parse ABI JSON', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
                arg: 'abi',
                errorMessage: error.message,
                value: abi
            });
        }
    }

    var _abi = [];
    abi.forEach(function(fragment) {
        if (typeof(fragment) === 'string') {
            fragment = utils.parseSignature(fragment);
        }
        _abi.push(fragment);
    });

    utils.defineFrozen(this, 'abi', _abi);

    var methods = {}, events = {}, deploy = null;

    utils.defineProperty(this, 'functions', methods);
    utils.defineProperty(this, 'events', events);

    function addMethod(method) {
        switch (method.type) {
            case 'constructor':
                var func = (function() {
                    var inputParams = parseParams(method.inputs);

                    var func = function(bytecode) {
                        if (!utils.isHexString(bytecode)) {
                            errors.throwError('invalid contract bytecode', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
                                arg: 'bytecode',
                                type: typeof(bytecode),
                                value: bytecode
                            });
                        }

                        var params = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
                        if (params.length < inputParams.types.length) {
                            errors.throwError('missing constructor argument', errors.MISSING_ARGUMENT, {
                                arg: (inputParams.names[params.length] || 'unknown'),
                                count: params.length,
                                expectedCount: inputParams.types.length
                            });
                        } else if (params.length > inputParams.types.length) {
                            errors.throwError('too many constructor arguments', errors.UNEXPECTED_ARGUMENT, {
                                count: params.length,
                                expectedCount: inputParams.types.length
                            });
                        }

                        try {
                            var encodedParams = utils.coder.encode(method.inputs, params)
                        } catch (error) {
                            errors.throwError('invalid constructor argument', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
                                arg: error.arg,
                                reason: error.reason,
                                value: error.value
                            });
                        }

                        var result = {
                            bytecode: bytecode + encodedParams.substring(2),
                            type: 'deploy'
                        }

                        return populateDescription(new DeployDescription(), result);
                    }

                    utils.defineFrozen(func, 'inputs', inputParams);
                    utils.defineProperty(func, 'payable', (method.payable == null || !!method.payable))

                    return func;
                })();

                if (!deploy) { deploy = func; }

                break;

            case 'function':
                var func = (function() {
                    var inputParams = parseParams(method.inputs);
                    var outputParams = parseParams(method.outputs);

                    var signature = '(' + inputParams.types.join(',') + ')';
                    signature = signature.replace(/tuple/g, '');
                    signature = method.name + signature;

                    var parse = function(data) {
                        try {
                            return utils.coder.decode(method.outputs, utils.arrayify(data));
                        } catch(error) {
                            errors.throwError('invalid data for function output', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
                                arg: 'data',
                                errorArg: error.arg,
                                errorValue: error.value,
                                value: data,
                                reason: error.reason
                            });
                        }
                    };

                    var sighash = utils.keccak256(utils.toUtf8Bytes(signature)).substring(0, 10);
                    var func = function() {
                        var result = {
                            name: method.name,
                            signature: signature,
                            sighash: sighash,
                            type: ((method.constant) ? 'call': 'transaction')
                        };

                        var params = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0);

                        if (params.length < inputParams.types.length) {
                            errors.throwError('missing input argument', errors.MISSING_ARGUMENT, {
                                arg: (inputParams.names[params.length] || 'unknown'),
                                count: params.length,
                                expectedCount: inputParams.types.length,
                                name: method.name
                            });
                        } else if (params.length > inputParams.types.length) {
                            errors.throwError('too many input arguments', errors.UNEXPECTED_ARGUMENT, {
                                count: params.length,
                                expectedCount: inputParams.types.length
                            });
                        }

                        try {
                            var encodedParams = utils.coder.encode(method.inputs, params);
                        } catch (error) {
                            errors.throwError('invalid input argument', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
                                arg: error.arg,
                                reason: error.reason,
                                value: error.value
                            });
                        }

                        result.data = sighash + encodedParams.substring(2);
                        result.parse = parse;

                        return populateDescription(new FunctionDescription(), result);
                    }

                    utils.defineFrozen(func, 'inputs', inputParams);
                    utils.defineFrozen(func, 'outputs', outputParams);

                    utils.defineProperty(func, 'payable', (method.payable == null || !!method.payable))

                    utils.defineProperty(func, 'parseResult', parse);

                    utils.defineProperty(func, 'signature', signature);
                    utils.defineProperty(func, 'sighash', sighash);

                    return func;
                })();

                // Expose the first (and hopefully unique named function
                if (method.name && methods[method.name] == null) {
                    utils.defineProperty(methods, method.name, func);
                }

                // Expose all methods by their signature, for overloaded functions
                if (methods[func.signature] == null) {
                    utils.defineProperty(methods, func.signature, func);
                }

                break;

            case 'event':
                var func = (function() {
                    var inputParams = parseParams(method.inputs);

                    var signature = '(' + inputParams.types.join(',') + ')';
                    signature = signature.replace(/tuple/g, '');
                    signature = method.name + signature;

                    var result = {
                        anonymous: (!!method.anonymous),
                        name: method.name,
                        signature: signature,
                        type: 'event'
                    };

                    result.parse = function(topics, data) {
                        if (data == null) {
                            data = topics;
                            topics = null;
                        }

                        // Strip the signature off of non-anonymous topics
                        if (topics != null && !method.anonymous) { topics = topics.slice(1); }

                        var inputIndexed = [], inputNonIndexed = [];
                        var inputDynamic = [];
                        method.inputs.forEach(function(param, index) {

                            if (param.indexed) {
                                if (param.type === 'string' || param.type === 'bytes' || param.type.indexOf('[') >= 0 || param.type.substring(0, 5) === 'tuple') {
                                    inputIndexed.push({ type: 'bytes32', name: (param.name || '')});
                                    inputDynamic.push(true);
                                } else {
                                    inputIndexed.push(param);
                                    inputDynamic.push(false);
                                }
                            } else {
                                inputNonIndexed.push(param);
                                inputDynamic.push(false);
                            }
                        });

                        if (topics != null) {
                            var resultIndexed = utils.coder.decode(
                                inputIndexed,
                                utils.concat(topics)
                            );
                        }

                        var resultNonIndexed = utils.coder.decode(
                            inputNonIndexed,
                            utils.arrayify(data)
                        );

                        var result = new Result();
                        var nonIndexedIndex = 0, indexedIndex = 0;
                        method.inputs.forEach(function(input, index) {
                            if (input.indexed) {
                                if (topics == null) {
                                    result[index] = new Indexed(null);

                                } else if (inputDynamic[index]) {
                                    result[index] = new Indexed(resultIndexed[indexedIndex++]);
                                } else {
                                    result[index] = resultIndexed[indexedIndex++];
                                }
                            } else {
                                result[index] = resultNonIndexed[nonIndexedIndex++];
                            }
                            if (input.name) { result[input.name] = result[index]; }
                        });

                        result.length = method.inputs.length;

                        return result;
                    };

                    var func =  populateDescription(new EventDescription(), result)
                    utils.defineFrozen(func, 'topics', [ utils.keccak256(utils.toUtf8Bytes(signature)) ]);
                    utils.defineFrozen(func, 'inputs', inputParams);
                    return func;
                })();

                // Expose the first (and hopefully unique) event name
                if (method.name && events[method.name] == null) {
                    utils.defineProperty(events, method.name, func);
                }

                // Expose all events by their signature, for overloaded functions
                if (methods[func.signature] == null) {
                    utils.defineProperty(methods, func.signature, func);
                }

                break;

            case 'fallback':
                // Nothing to do for fallback
                break;

            default:
                console.log('WARNING: unsupported ABI type - ' + method.type);
                break;
        }
    };

    _abi.forEach(addMethod, this);

    // If there wasn't a constructor, create the default constructor
    if (!deploy) {
        addMethod({type: 'constructor', inputs: []});
    }

    utils.defineProperty(this, 'deployFunction', deploy);
}

utils.defineProperty(Interface.prototype, 'parseTransaction', function(tx) {
    var sighash = tx.data.substring(0, 10).toLowerCase();
    for (var name in this.functions) {
        if (name.indexOf('(') === -1) { continue; }
        var func = this.functions[name];
        if (func.sighash === sighash) {
            var result = utils.coder.decode(func.inputs.types, '0x' + tx.data.substring(10));
            return {
                args: result,
                signature: func.signature,
                sighash: func.sighash,
                parse: func.parseResult,
                value: tx.value,
            };
        }
    }
    return null;
});

module.exports = Interface;

},{"../utils/abi-coder":8,"../utils/convert":11,"../utils/errors":12,"../utils/keccak256":13,"../utils/properties":14,"../utils/utf8":16}],4:[function(require,module,exports){
(function (module, exports) {
  'use strict';

  // Utils
  function assert (val, msg) {
    if (!val) throw new Error(msg || 'Assertion failed');
  }

  // Could use `inherits` module, but don't want to move from single file
  // architecture yet.
  function inherits (ctor, superCtor) {
    ctor.super_ = superCtor;
    var TempCtor = function () {};
    TempCtor.prototype = superCtor.prototype;
    ctor.prototype = new TempCtor();
    ctor.prototype.constructor = ctor;
  }

  // BN

  function BN (number, base, endian) {
    if (BN.isBN(number)) {
      return number;
    }

    this.negative = 0;
    this.words = null;
    this.length = 0;

    // Reduction context
    this.red = null;

    if (number !== null) {
      if (base === 'le' || base === 'be') {
        endian = base;
        base = 10;
      }

      this._init(number || 0, base || 10, endian || 'be');
    }
  }
  if (typeof module === 'object') {
    module.exports = BN;
  } else {
    exports.BN = BN;
  }

  BN.BN = BN;
  BN.wordSize = 26;

  var Buffer;
  try {
    Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer;
  } catch (e) {
  }

  BN.isBN = function isBN (num) {
    if (num instanceof BN) {
      return true;
    }

    return num !== null && typeof num === 'object' &&
      num.constructor.wordSize === BN.wordSize && Array.isArray(num.words);
  };

  BN.max = function max (left, right) {
    if (left.cmp(right) > 0) return left;
    return right;
  };

  BN.min = function min (left, right) {
    if (left.cmp(right) < 0) return left;
    return right;
  };

  BN.prototype._init = function init (number, base, endian) {
    if (typeof number === 'number') {
      return this._initNumber(number, base, endian);
    }

    if (typeof number === 'object') {
      return this._initArray(number, base, endian);
    }

    if (base === 'hex') {
      base = 16;
    }
    assert(base === (base | 0) && base >= 2 && base <= 36);

    number = number.toString().replace(/\s+/g, '');
    var start = 0;
    if (number[0] === '-') {
      start++;
    }

    if (base === 16) {
      this._parseHex(number, start);
    } else {
      this._parseBase(number, base, start);
    }

    if (number[0] === '-') {
      this.negative = 1;
    }

    this.strip();

    if (endian !== 'le') return;

    this._initArray(this.toArray(), base, endian);
  };

  BN.prototype._initNumber = function _initNumber (number, base, endian) {
    if (number < 0) {
      this.negative = 1;
      number = -number;
    }
    if (number < 0x4000000) {
      this.words = [ number & 0x3ffffff ];
      this.length = 1;
    } else if (number < 0x10000000000000) {
      this.words = [
        number & 0x3ffffff,
        (number / 0x4000000) & 0x3ffffff
      ];
      this.length = 2;
    } else {
      assert(number < 0x20000000000000); // 2 ^ 53 (unsafe)
      this.words = [
        number & 0x3ffffff,
        (number / 0x4000000) & 0x3ffffff,
        1
      ];
      this.length = 3;
    }

    if (endian !== 'le') return;

    // Reverse the bytes
    this._initArray(this.toArray(), base, endian);
  };

  BN.prototype._initArray = function _initArray (number, base, endian) {
    // Perhaps a Uint8Array
    assert(typeof number.length === 'number');
    if (number.length <= 0) {
      this.words = [ 0 ];
      this.length = 1;
      return this;
    }

    this.length = Math.ceil(number.length / 3);
    this.words = new Array(this.length);
    for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
      this.words[i] = 0;
    }

    var j, w;
    var off = 0;
    if (endian === 'be') {
      for (i = number.length - 1, j = 0; i >= 0; i -= 3) {
        w = number[i] | (number[i - 1] << 8) | (number[i - 2] << 16);
        this.words[j] |= (w << off) & 0x3ffffff;
        this.words[j + 1] = (w >>> (26 - off)) & 0x3ffffff;
        off += 24;
        if (off >= 26) {
          off -= 26;
          j++;
        }
      }
    } else if (endian === 'le') {
      for (i = 0, j = 0; i < number.length; i += 3) {
        w = number[i] | (number[i + 1] << 8) | (number[i + 2] << 16);
        this.words[j] |= (w << off) & 0x3ffffff;
        this.words[j + 1] = (w >>> (26 - off)) & 0x3ffffff;
        off += 24;
        if (off >= 26) {
          off -= 26;
          j++;
        }
      }
    }
    return this.strip();
  };

  function parseHex (str, start, end) {
    var r = 0;
    var len = Math.min(str.length, end);
    for (var i = start; i < len; i++) {
      var c = str.charCodeAt(i) - 48;

      r <<= 4;

      // 'a' - 'f'
      if (c >= 49 && c <= 54) {
        r |= c - 49 + 0xa;

      // 'A' - 'F'
      } else if (c >= 17 && c <= 22) {
        r |= c - 17 + 0xa;

      // '0' - '9'
      } else {
        r |= c & 0xf;
      }
    }
    return r;
  }

  BN.prototype._parseHex = function _parseHex (number, start) {
    // Create possibly bigger array to ensure that it fits the number
    this.length = Math.ceil((number.length - start) / 6);
    this.words = new Array(this.length);
    for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
      this.words[i] = 0;
    }

    var j, w;
    // Scan 24-bit chunks and add them to the number
    var off = 0;
    for (i = number.length - 6, j = 0; i >= start; i -= 6) {
      w = parseHex(number, i, i + 6);
      this.words[j] |= (w << off) & 0x3ffffff;
      // NOTE: `0x3fffff` is intentional here, 26bits max shift + 24bit hex limb
      this.words[j + 1] |= w >>> (26 - off) & 0x3fffff;
      off += 24;
      if (off >= 26) {
        off -= 26;
        j++;
      }
    }
    if (i + 6 !== start) {
      w = parseHex(number, start, i + 6);
      this.words[j] |= (w << off) & 0x3ffffff;
      this.words[j + 1] |= w >>> (26 - off) & 0x3fffff;
    }
    this.strip();
  };

  function parseBase (str, start, end, mul) {
    var r = 0;
    var len = Math.min(str.length, end);
    for (var i = start; i < len; i++) {
      var c = str.charCodeAt(i) - 48;

      r *= mul;

      // 'a'
      if (c >= 49) {
        r += c - 49 + 0xa;

      // 'A'
      } else if (c >= 17) {
        r += c - 17 + 0xa;

      // '0' - '9'
      } else {
        r += c;
      }
    }
    return r;
  }

  BN.prototype._parseBase = function _parseBase (number, base, start) {
    // Initialize as zero
    this.words = [ 0 ];
    this.length = 1;

    // Find length of limb in base
    for (var limbLen = 0, limbPow = 1; limbPow <= 0x3ffffff; limbPow *= base) {
      limbLen++;
    }
    limbLen--;
    limbPow = (limbPow / base) | 0;

    var total = number.length - start;
    var mod = total % limbLen;
    var end = Math.min(total, total - mod) + start;

    var word = 0;
    for (var i = start; i < end; i += limbLen) {
      word = parseBase(number, i, i + limbLen, base);

      this.imuln(limbPow);
      if (this.words[0] + word < 0x4000000) {
        this.words[0] += word;
      } else {
        this._iaddn(word);
      }
    }

    if (mod !== 0) {
      var pow = 1;
      word = parseBase(number, i, number.length, base);

      for (i = 0; i < mod; i++) {
        pow *= base;
      }

      this.imuln(pow);
      if (this.words[0] + word < 0x4000000) {
        this.words[0] += word;
      } else {
        this._iaddn(word);
      }
    }
  };

  BN.prototype.copy = function copy (dest) {
    dest.words = new Array(this.length);
    for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
      dest.words[i] = this.words[i];
    }
    dest.length = this.length;
    dest.negative = this.negative;
    dest.red = this.red;
  };

  BN.prototype.clone = function clone () {
    var r = new BN(null);
    this.copy(r);
    return r;
  };

  BN.prototype._expand = function _expand (size) {
    while (this.length < size) {
      this.words[this.length++] = 0;
    }
    return this;
  };

  // Remove leading `0` from `this`
  BN.prototype.strip = function strip () {
    while (this.length > 1 && this.words[this.length - 1] === 0) {
      this.length--;
    }
    return this._normSign();
  };

  BN.prototype._normSign = function _normSign () {
    // -0 = 0
    if (this.length === 1 && this.words[0] === 0) {
      this.negative = 0;
    }
    return this;
  };

  BN.prototype.inspect = function inspect () {
    return (this.red ? '<BN-R: ' : '<BN: ') + this.toString(16) + '>';
  };

  /*

  var zeros = [];
  var groupSizes = [];
  var groupBases = [];

  var s = '';
  var i = -1;
  while (++i < BN.wordSize) {
    zeros[i] = s;
    s += '0';
  }
  groupSizes[0] = 0;
  groupSizes[1] = 0;
  groupBases[0] = 0;
  groupBases[1] = 0;
  var base = 2 - 1;
  while (++base < 36 + 1) {
    var groupSize = 0;
    var groupBase = 1;
    while (groupBase < (1 << BN.wordSize) / base) {
      groupBase *= base;
      groupSize += 1;
    }
    groupSizes[base] = groupSize;
    groupBases[base] = groupBase;
  }

  */

  var zeros = [
    '',
    '0',
    '00',
    '000',
    '0000',
    '00000',
    '000000',
    '0000000',
    '00000000',
    '000000000',
    '0000000000',
    '00000000000',
    '000000000000',
    '0000000000000',
    '00000000000000',
    '000000000000000',
    '0000000000000000',
    '00000000000000000',
    '000000000000000000',
    '0000000000000000000',
    '00000000000000000000',
    '000000000000000000000',
    '0000000000000000000000',
    '00000000000000000000000',
    '000000000000000000000000',
    '0000000000000000000000000'
  ];

  var groupSizes = [
    0, 0,
    25, 16, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8,
    8, 7, 7, 7, 7, 6, 6,
    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5,
    5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,
    5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5
  ];

  var groupBases = [
    0, 0,
    33554432, 43046721, 16777216, 48828125, 60466176, 40353607, 16777216,
    43046721, 10000000, 19487171, 35831808, 62748517, 7529536, 11390625,
    16777216, 24137569, 34012224, 47045881, 64000000, 4084101, 5153632,
    6436343, 7962624, 9765625, 11881376, 14348907, 17210368, 20511149,
    24300000, 28629151, 33554432, 39135393, 45435424, 52521875, 60466176
  ];

  BN.prototype.toString = function toString (base, padding) {
    base = base || 10;
    padding = padding | 0 || 1;

    var out;
    if (base === 16 || base === 'hex') {
      out = '';
      var off = 0;
      var carry = 0;
      for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
        var w = this.words[i];
        var word = (((w << off) | carry) & 0xffffff).toString(16);
        carry = (w >>> (24 - off)) & 0xffffff;
        if (carry !== 0 || i !== this.length - 1) {
          out = zeros[6 - word.length] + word + out;
        } else {
          out = word + out;
        }
        off += 2;
        if (off >= 26) {
          off -= 26;
          i--;
        }
      }
      if (carry !== 0) {
        out = carry.toString(16) + out;
      }
      while (out.length % padding !== 0) {
        out = '0' + out;
      }
      if (this.negative !== 0) {
        out = '-' + out;
      }
      return out;
    }

    if (base === (base | 0) && base >= 2 && base <= 36) {
      // var groupSize = Math.floor(BN.wordSize * Math.LN2 / Math.log(base));
      var groupSize = groupSizes[base];
      // var groupBase = Math.pow(base, groupSize);
      var groupBase = groupBases[base];
      out = '';
      var c = this.clone();
      c.negative = 0;
      while (!c.isZero()) {
        var r = c.modn(groupBase).toString(base);
        c = c.idivn(groupBase);

        if (!c.isZero()) {
          out = zeros[groupSize - r.length] + r + out;
        } else {
          out = r + out;
        }
      }
      if (this.isZero()) {
        out = '0' + out;
      }
      while (out.length % padding !== 0) {
        out = '0' + out;
      }
      if (this.negative !== 0) {
        out = '-' + out;
      }
      return out;
    }

    assert(false, 'Base should be between 2 and 36');
  };

  BN.prototype.toNumber = function toNumber () {
    var ret = this.words[0];
    if (this.length === 2) {
      ret += this.words[1] * 0x4000000;
    } else if (this.length === 3 && this.words[2] === 0x01) {
      // NOTE: at this stage it is known that the top bit is set
      ret += 0x10000000000000 + (this.words[1] * 0x4000000);
    } else if (this.length > 2) {
      assert(false, 'Number can only safely store up to 53 bits');
    }
    return (this.negative !== 0) ? -ret : ret;
  };

  BN.prototype.toJSON = function toJSON () {
    return this.toString(16);
  };

  BN.prototype.toBuffer = function toBuffer (endian, length) {
    assert(typeof Buffer !== 'undefined');
    return this.toArrayLike(Buffer, endian, length);
  };

  BN.prototype.toArray = function toArray (endian, length) {
    return this.toArrayLike(Array, endian, length);
  };

  BN.prototype.toArrayLike = function toArrayLike (ArrayType, endian, length) {
    var byteLength = this.byteLength();
    var reqLength = length || Math.max(1, byteLength);
    assert(byteLength <= reqLength, 'byte array longer than desired length');
    assert(reqLength > 0, 'Requested array length <= 0');

    this.strip();
    var littleEndian = endian === 'le';
    var res = new ArrayType(reqLength);

    var b, i;
    var q = this.clone();
    if (!littleEndian) {
      // Assume big-endian
      for (i = 0; i < reqLength - byteLength; i++) {
        res[i] = 0;
      }

      for (i = 0; !q.isZero(); i++) {
        b = q.andln(0xff);
        q.iushrn(8);

        res[reqLength - i - 1] = b;
      }
    } else {
      for (i = 0; !q.isZero(); i++) {
        b = q.andln(0xff);
        q.iushrn(8);

        res[i] = b;
      }

      for (; i < reqLength; i++) {
        res[i] = 0;
      }
    }

    return res;
  };

  if (Math.clz32) {
    BN.prototype._countBits = function _countBits (w) {
      return 32 - Math.clz32(w);
    };
  } else {
    BN.prototype._countBits = function _countBits (w) {
      var t = w;
      var r = 0;
      if (t >= 0x1000) {
        r += 13;
        t >>>= 13;
      }
      if (t >= 0x40) {
        r += 7;
        t >>>= 7;
      }
      if (t >= 0x8) {
        r += 4;
        t >>>= 4;
      }
      if (t >= 0x02) {
        r += 2;
        t >>>= 2;
      }
      return r + t;
    };
  }

  BN.prototype._zeroBits = function _zeroBits (w) {
    // Short-cut
    if (w === 0) return 26;

    var t = w;
    var r = 0;
    if ((t & 0x1fff) === 0) {
      r += 13;
      t >>>= 13;
    }
    if ((t & 0x7f) === 0) {
      r += 7;
      t >>>= 7;
    }
    if ((t & 0xf) === 0) {
      r += 4;
      t >>>= 4;
    }
    if ((t & 0x3) === 0) {
      r += 2;
      t >>>= 2;
    }
    if ((t & 0x1) === 0) {
      r++;
    }
    return r;
  };

  // Return number of used bits in a BN
  BN.prototype.bitLength = function bitLength () {
    var w = this.words[this.length - 1];
    var hi = this._countBits(w);
    return (this.length - 1) * 26 + hi;
  };

  function toBitArray (num) {
    var w = new Array(num.bitLength());

    for (var bit = 0; bit < w.length; bit++) {
      var off = (bit / 26) | 0;
      var wbit = bit % 26;

      w[bit] = (num.words[off] & (1 << wbit)) >>> wbit;
    }

    return w;
  }

  // Number of trailing zero bits
  BN.prototype.zeroBits = function zeroBits () {
    if (this.isZero()) return 0;

    var r = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
      var b = this._zeroBits(this.words[i]);
      r += b;
      if (b !== 26) break;
    }
    return r;
  };

  BN.prototype.byteLength = function byteLength () {
    return Math.ceil(this.bitLength() / 8);
  };

  BN.prototype.toTwos = function toTwos (width) {
    if (this.negative !== 0) {
      return this.abs().inotn(width).iaddn(1);
    }
    return this.clone();
  };

  BN.prototype.fromTwos = function fromTwos (width) {
    if (this.testn(width - 1)) {
      return this.notn(width).iaddn(1).ineg();
    }
    return this.clone();
  };

  BN.prototype.isNeg = function isNeg () {
    return this.negative !== 0;
  };

  // Return negative clone of `this`
  BN.prototype.neg = function neg () {
    return this.clone().ineg();
  };

  BN.prototype.ineg = function ineg () {
    if (!this.isZero()) {
      this.negative ^= 1;
    }

    return this;
  };

  // Or `num` with `this` in-place
  BN.prototype.iuor = function iuor (num) {
    while (this.length < num.length) {
      this.words[this.length++] = 0;
    }

    for (var i = 0; i < num.length; i++) {
      this.words[i] = this.words[i] | num.words[i];
    }

    return this.strip();
  };

  BN.prototype.ior = function ior (num) {
    assert((this.negative | num.negative) === 0);
    return this.iuor(num);
  };

  // Or `num` with `this`
  BN.prototype.or = function or (num) {
    if (this.length > num.length) return this.clone().ior(num);
    return num.clone().ior(this);
  };

  BN.prototype.uor = function uor (num) {
    if (this.length > num.length) return this.clone().iuor(num);
    return num.clone().iuor(this);
  };

  // And `num` with `this` in-place
  BN.prototype.iuand = function iuand (num) {
    // b = min-length(num, this)
    var b;
    if (this.length > num.length) {
      b = num;
    } else {
      b = this;
    }

    for (var i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
      this.words[i] = this.words[i] & num.words[i];
    }

    this.length = b.length;

    return this.strip();
  };

  BN.prototype.iand = function iand (num) {
    assert((this.negative | num.negative) === 0);
    return this.iuand(num);
  };

  // And `num` with `this`
  BN.prototype.and = function and (num) {
    if (this.length > num.length) return this.clone().iand(num);
    return num.clone().iand(this);
  };

  BN.prototype.uand = function uand (num) {
    if (this.length > num.length) return this.clone().iuand(num);
    return num.clone().iuand(this);
  };

  // Xor `num` with `this` in-place
  BN.prototype.iuxor = function iuxor (num) {
    // a.length > b.length
    var a;
    var b;
    if (this.length > num.length) {
      a = this;
      b = num;
    } else {
      a = num;
      b = this;
    }

    for (var i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
      this.words[i] = a.words[i] ^ b.words[i];
    }

    if (this !== a) {
      for (; i < a.length; i++) {
        this.words[i] = a.words[i];
      }
    }

    this.length = a.length;

    return this.strip();
  };

  BN.prototype.ixor = function ixor (num) {
    assert((this.negative | num.negative) === 0);
    return this.iuxor(num);
  };

  // Xor `num` with `this`
  BN.prototype.xor = function xor (num) {
    if (this.length > num.length) return this.clone().ixor(num);
    return num.clone().ixor(this);
  };

  BN.prototype.uxor = function uxor (num) {
    if (this.length > num.length) return this.clone().iuxor(num);
    return num.clone().iuxor(this);
  };

  // Not ``this`` with ``width`` bitwidth
  BN.prototype.inotn = function inotn (width) {
    assert(typeof width === 'number' && width >= 0);

    var bytesNeeded = Math.ceil(width / 26) | 0;
    var bitsLeft = width % 26;

    // Extend the buffer with leading zeroes
    this._expand(bytesNeeded);

    if (bitsLeft > 0) {
      bytesNeeded--;
    }

    // Handle complete words
    for (var i = 0; i < bytesNeeded; i++) {
      this.words[i] = ~this.words[i] & 0x3ffffff;
    }

    // Handle the residue
    if (bitsLeft > 0) {
      this.words[i] = ~this.words[i] & (0x3ffffff >> (26 - bitsLeft));
    }

    // And remove leading zeroes
    return this.strip();
  };

  BN.prototype.notn = function notn (width) {
    return this.clone().inotn(width);
  };

  // Set `bit` of `this`
  BN.prototype.setn = function setn (bit, val) {
    assert(typeof bit === 'number' && bit >= 0);

    var off = (bit / 26) | 0;
    var wbit = bit % 26;

    this._expand(off + 1);

    if (val) {
      this.words[off] = this.words[off] | (1 << wbit);
    } else {
      this.words[off] = this.words[off] & ~(1 << wbit);
    }

    return this.strip();
  };

  // Add `num` to `this` in-place
  BN.prototype.iadd = function iadd (num) {
    var r;

    // negative + positive
    if (this.negative !== 0 && num.negative === 0) {
      this.negative = 0;
      r = this.isub(num);
      this.negative ^= 1;
      return this._normSign();

    // positive + negative
    } else if (this.negative === 0 && num.negative !== 0) {
      num.negative = 0;
      r = this.isub(num);
      num.negative = 1;
      return r._normSign();
    }

    // a.length > b.length
    var a, b;
    if (this.length > num.length) {
      a = this;
      b = num;
    } else {
      a = num;
      b = this;
    }

    var carry = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
      r = (a.words[i] | 0) + (b.words[i] | 0) + carry;
      this.words[i] = r & 0x3ffffff;
      carry = r >>> 26;
    }
    for (; carry !== 0 && i < a.length; i++) {
      r = (a.words[i] | 0) + carry;
      this.words[i] = r & 0x3ffffff;
      carry = r >>> 26;
    }

    this.length = a.length;
    if (carry !== 0) {
      this.words[this.length] = carry;
      this.length++;
    // Copy the rest of the words
    } else if (a !== this) {
      for (; i < a.length; i++) {
        this.words[i] = a.words[i];
      }
    }

    return this;
  };

  // Add `num` to `this`
  BN.prototype.add = function add (num) {
    var res;
    if (num.negative !== 0 && this.negative === 0) {
      num.negative = 0;
      res = this.sub(num);
      num.negative ^= 1;
      return res;
    } else if (num.negative === 0 && this.negative !== 0) {
      this.negative = 0;
      res = num.sub(this);
      this.negative = 1;
      return res;
    }

    if (this.length > num.length) return this.clone().iadd(num);

    return num.clone().iadd(this);
  };

  // Subtract `num` from `this` in-place
  BN.prototype.isub = function isub (num) {
    // this - (-num) = this + num
    if (num.negative !== 0) {
      num.negative = 0;
      var r = this.iadd(num);
      num.negative = 1;
      return r._normSign();

    // -this - num = -(this + num)
    } else if (this.negative !== 0) {
      this.negative = 0;
      this.iadd(num);
      this.negative = 1;
      return this._normSign();
    }

    // At this point both numbers are positive
    var cmp = this.cmp(num);

    // Optimization - zeroify
    if (cmp === 0) {
      this.negative = 0;
      this.length = 1;
      this.words[0] = 0;
      return this;
    }

    // a > b
    var a, b;
    if (cmp > 0) {
      a = this;
      b = num;
    } else {
      a = num;
      b = this;
    }

    var carry = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
      r = (a.words[i] | 0) - (b.words[i] | 0) + carry;
      carry = r >> 26;
      this.words[i] = r & 0x3ffffff;
    }
    for (; carry !== 0 && i < a.length; i++) {
      r = (a.words[i] | 0) + carry;
      carry = r >> 26;
      this.words[i] = r & 0x3ffffff;
    }

    // Copy rest of the words
    if (carry === 0 && i < a.length && a !== this) {
      for (; i < a.length; i++) {
        this.words[i] = a.words[i];
      }
    }

    this.length = Math.max(this.length, i);

    if (a !== this) {
      this.negative = 1;
    }

    return this.strip();
  };

  // Subtract `num` from `this`
  BN.prototype.sub = function sub (num) {
    return this.clone().isub(num);
  };

  function smallMulTo (self, num, out) {
    out.negative = num.negative ^ self.negative;
    var len = (self.length + num.length) | 0;
    out.length = len;
    len = (len - 1) | 0;

    // Peel one iteration (compiler can't do it, because of code complexity)
    var a = self.words[0] | 0;
    var b = num.words[0] | 0;
    var r = a * b;

    var lo = r & 0x3ffffff;
    var carry = (r / 0x4000000) | 0;
    out.words[0] = lo;

    for (var k = 1; k < len; k++) {
      // Sum all words with the same `i + j = k` and accumulate `ncarry`,
      // note that ncarry could be >= 0x3ffffff
      var ncarry = carry >>> 26;
      var rword = carry & 0x3ffffff;
      var maxJ = Math.min(k, num.length - 1);
      for (var j = Math.max(0, k - self.length + 1); j <= maxJ; j++) {
        var i = (k - j) | 0;
        a = self.words[i] | 0;
        b = num.words[j] | 0;
        r = a * b + rword;
        ncarry += (r / 0x4000000) | 0;
        rword = r & 0x3ffffff;
      }
      out.words[k] = rword | 0;
      carry = ncarry | 0;
    }
    if (carry !== 0) {
      out.words[k] = carry | 0;
    } else {
      out.length--;
    }

    return out.strip();
  }

  // TODO(indutny): it may be reasonable to omit it for users who don't need
  // to work with 256-bit numbers, otherwise it gives 20% improvement for 256-bit
  // multiplication (like elliptic secp256k1).
  var comb10MulTo = function comb10MulTo (self, num, out) {
    var a = self.words;
    var b = num.words;
    var o = out.words;
    var c = 0;
    var lo;
    var mid;
    var hi;
    var a0 = a[0] | 0;
    var al0 = a0 & 0x1fff;
    var ah0 = a0 >>> 13;
    var a1 = a[1] | 0;
    var al1 = a1 & 0x1fff;
    var ah1 = a1 >>> 13;
    var a2 = a[2] | 0;
    var al2 = a2 & 0x1fff;
    var ah2 = a2 >>> 13;
    var a3 = a[3] | 0;
    var al3 = a3 & 0x1fff;
    var ah3 = a3 >>> 13;
    var a4 = a[4] | 0;
    var al4 = a4 & 0x1fff;
    var ah4 = a4 >>> 13;
    var a5 = a[5] | 0;
    var al5 = a5 & 0x1fff;
    var ah5 = a5 >>> 13;
    var a6 = a[6] | 0;
    var al6 = a6 & 0x1fff;
    var ah6 = a6 >>> 13;
    var a7 = a[7] | 0;
    var al7 = a7 & 0x1fff;
    var ah7 = a7 >>> 13;
    var a8 = a[8] | 0;
    var al8 = a8 & 0x1fff;
    var ah8 = a8 >>> 13;
    var a9 = a[9] | 0;
    var al9 = a9 & 0x1fff;
    var ah9 = a9 >>> 13;
    var b0 = b[0] | 0;
    var bl0 = b0 & 0x1fff;
    var bh0 = b0 >>> 13;
    var b1 = b[1] | 0;
    var bl1 = b1 & 0x1fff;
    var bh1 = b1 >>> 13;
    var b2 = b[2] | 0;
    var bl2 = b2 & 0x1fff;
    var bh2 = b2 >>> 13;
    var b3 = b[3] | 0;
    var bl3 = b3 & 0x1fff;
    var bh3 = b3 >>> 13;
    var b4 = b[4] | 0;
    var bl4 = b4 & 0x1fff;
    var bh4 = b4 >>> 13;
    var b5 = b[5] | 0;
    var bl5 = b5 & 0x1fff;
    var bh5 = b5 >>> 13;
    var b6 = b[6] | 0;
    var bl6 = b6 & 0x1fff;
    var bh6 = b6 >>> 13;
    var b7 = b[7] | 0;
    var bl7 = b7 & 0x1fff;
    var bh7 = b7 >>> 13;
    var b8 = b[8] | 0;
    var bl8 = b8 & 0x1fff;
    var bh8 = b8 >>> 13;
    var b9 = b[9] | 0;
    var bl9 = b9 & 0x1fff;
    var bh9 = b9 >>> 13;

    out.negative = self.negative ^ num.negative;
    out.length = 19;
    /* k = 0 */
    lo = Math.imul(al0, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al0, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah0, bh0);
    var w0 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w0 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w0 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 1 */
    lo = Math.imul(al1, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al1, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah1, bh0);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al0, bl1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al0, bh1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah0, bh1)) | 0;
    var w1 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w1 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w1 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 2 */
    lo = Math.imul(al2, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al2, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah2, bh0);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al1, bl1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al1, bh1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah1, bh1)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al0, bl2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al0, bh2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah0, bh2)) | 0;
    var w2 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w2 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w2 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 3 */
    lo = Math.imul(al3, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al3, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah3, bh0);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al2, bl1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al2, bh1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah2, bh1)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al1, bl2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al1, bh2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah1, bh2)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al0, bl3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al0, bh3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah0, bh3)) | 0;
    var w3 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w3 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w3 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 4 */
    lo = Math.imul(al4, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al4, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah4, bh0);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al3, bl1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al3, bh1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah3, bh1)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al2, bl2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al2, bh2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah2, bh2)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al1, bl3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al1, bh3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah1, bh3)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al0, bl4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al0, bh4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah0, bh4)) | 0;
    var w4 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w4 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w4 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 5 */
    lo = Math.imul(al5, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al5, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah5, bh0);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al4, bl1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al4, bh1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah4, bh1)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al3, bl2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al3, bh2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah3, bh2)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al2, bl3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al2, bh3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah2, bh3)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al1, bl4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al1, bh4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah1, bh4)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al0, bl5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al0, bh5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah0, bh5)) | 0;
    var w5 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w5 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w5 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 6 */
    lo = Math.imul(al6, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al6, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah6, bh0);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al5, bl1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al5, bh1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah5, bh1)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al4, bl2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al4, bh2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah4, bh2)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al3, bl3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al3, bh3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah3, bh3)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al2, bl4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al2, bh4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah2, bh4)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al1, bl5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al1, bh5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah1, bh5)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al0, bl6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al0, bh6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah0, bh6)) | 0;
    var w6 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w6 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w6 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 7 */
    lo = Math.imul(al7, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al7, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah7, bh0);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al6, bl1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al6, bh1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah6, bh1)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al5, bl2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al5, bh2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah5, bh2)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al4, bl3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al4, bh3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah4, bh3)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al3, bl4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al3, bh4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah3, bh4)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al2, bl5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al2, bh5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah2, bh5)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al1, bl6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al1, bh6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah1, bh6)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al0, bl7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al0, bh7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah0, bh7)) | 0;
    var w7 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w7 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w7 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 8 */
    lo = Math.imul(al8, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al8, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah8, bh0);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al7, bl1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al7, bh1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah7, bh1)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al6, bl2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al6, bh2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah6, bh2)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al5, bl3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al5, bh3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah5, bh3)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al4, bl4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al4, bh4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah4, bh4)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al3, bl5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al3, bh5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah3, bh5)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al2, bl6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al2, bh6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah2, bh6)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al1, bl7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al1, bh7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah1, bh7)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al0, bl8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al0, bh8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah0, bh8)) | 0;
    var w8 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w8 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w8 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 9 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl0);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh0);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl0)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh0);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al8, bl1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al8, bh1)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah8, bh1)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al7, bl2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al7, bh2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah7, bh2)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al6, bl3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al6, bh3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah6, bh3)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al5, bl4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al5, bh4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah5, bh4)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al4, bl5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al4, bh5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah4, bh5)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al3, bl6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al3, bh6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah3, bh6)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al2, bl7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al2, bh7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah2, bh7)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al1, bl8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al1, bh8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah1, bh8)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al0, bl9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al0, bh9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah0, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah0, bh9)) | 0;
    var w9 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w9 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w9 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 10 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl1);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh1);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl1)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh1);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al8, bl2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al8, bh2)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah8, bh2)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al7, bl3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al7, bh3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah7, bh3)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al6, bl4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al6, bh4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah6, bh4)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al5, bl5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al5, bh5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah5, bh5)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al4, bl6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al4, bh6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah4, bh6)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al3, bl7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al3, bh7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah3, bh7)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al2, bl8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al2, bh8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah2, bh8)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al1, bl9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al1, bh9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah1, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah1, bh9)) | 0;
    var w10 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w10 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w10 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 11 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl2);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh2);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl2)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh2);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al8, bl3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al8, bh3)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah8, bh3)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al7, bl4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al7, bh4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah7, bh4)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al6, bl5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al6, bh5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah6, bh5)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al5, bl6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al5, bh6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah5, bh6)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al4, bl7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al4, bh7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah4, bh7)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al3, bl8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al3, bh8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah3, bh8)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al2, bl9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al2, bh9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah2, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah2, bh9)) | 0;
    var w11 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w11 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w11 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 12 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl3);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh3);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl3)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh3);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al8, bl4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al8, bh4)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah8, bh4)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al7, bl5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al7, bh5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah7, bh5)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al6, bl6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al6, bh6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah6, bh6)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al5, bl7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al5, bh7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah5, bh7)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al4, bl8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al4, bh8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah4, bh8)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al3, bl9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al3, bh9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah3, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah3, bh9)) | 0;
    var w12 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w12 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w12 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 13 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl4);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh4);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl4)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh4);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al8, bl5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al8, bh5)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah8, bh5)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al7, bl6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al7, bh6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah7, bh6)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al6, bl7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al6, bh7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah6, bh7)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al5, bl8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al5, bh8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah5, bh8)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al4, bl9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al4, bh9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah4, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah4, bh9)) | 0;
    var w13 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w13 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w13 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 14 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl5);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh5);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl5)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh5);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al8, bl6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al8, bh6)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah8, bh6)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al7, bl7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al7, bh7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah7, bh7)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al6, bl8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al6, bh8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah6, bh8)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al5, bl9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al5, bh9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah5, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah5, bh9)) | 0;
    var w14 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w14 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w14 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 15 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl6);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh6);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl6)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh6);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al8, bl7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al8, bh7)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah8, bh7)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al7, bl8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al7, bh8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah7, bh8)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al6, bl9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al6, bh9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah6, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah6, bh9)) | 0;
    var w15 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w15 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w15 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 16 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl7);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh7);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl7)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh7);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al8, bl8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al8, bh8)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah8, bh8)) | 0;
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al7, bl9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al7, bh9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah7, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah7, bh9)) | 0;
    var w16 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w16 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w16 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 17 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl8);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh8);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl8)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh8);
    lo = (lo + Math.imul(al8, bl9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(al8, bh9)) | 0;
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah8, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = (hi + Math.imul(ah8, bh9)) | 0;
    var w17 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w17 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w17 &= 0x3ffffff;
    /* k = 18 */
    lo = Math.imul(al9, bl9);
    mid = Math.imul(al9, bh9);
    mid = (mid + Math.imul(ah9, bl9)) | 0;
    hi = Math.imul(ah9, bh9);
    var w18 = (((c + lo) | 0) + ((mid & 0x1fff) << 13)) | 0;
    c = (((hi + (mid >>> 13)) | 0) + (w18 >>> 26)) | 0;
    w18 &= 0x3ffffff;
    o[0] = w0;
    o[1] = w1;
    o[2] = w2;
    o[3] = w3;
    o[4] = w4;
    o[5] = w5;
    o[6] = w6;
    o[7] = w7;
    o[8] = w8;
    o[9] = w9;
    o[10] = w10;
    o[11] = w11;
    o[12] = w12;
    o[13] = w13;
    o[14] = w14;
    o[15] = w15;
    o[16] = w16;
    o[17] = w17;
    o[18] = w18;
    if (c !== 0) {
      o[19] = c;
      out.length++;
    }
    return out;
  };

  // Polyfill comb
  if (!Math.imul) {
    comb10MulTo = smallMulTo;
  }

  function bigMulTo (self, num, out) {
    out.negative = num.negative ^ self.negative;
    out.length = self.length + num.length;

    var carry = 0;
    var hncarry = 0;
    for (var k = 0; k < out.length - 1; k++) {
      // Sum all words with the same `i + j = k` and accumulate `ncarry`,
      // note that ncarry could be >= 0x3ffffff
      var ncarry = hncarry;
      hncarry = 0;
      var rword = carry & 0x3ffffff;
      var maxJ = Math.min(k, num.length - 1);
      for (var j = Math.max(0, k - self.length + 1); j <= maxJ; j++) {
        var i = k - j;
        var a = self.words[i] | 0;
        var b = num.words[j] | 0;
        var r = a * b;

        var lo = r & 0x3ffffff;
        ncarry = (ncarry + ((r / 0x4000000) | 0)) | 0;
        lo = (lo + rword) | 0;
        rword = lo & 0x3ffffff;
        ncarry = (ncarry + (lo >>> 26)) | 0;

        hncarry += ncarry >>> 26;
        ncarry &= 0x3ffffff;
      }
      out.words[k] = rword;
      carry = ncarry;
      ncarry = hncarry;
    }
    if (carry !== 0) {
      out.words[k] = carry;
    } else {
      out.length--;
    }

    return out.strip();
  }

  function jumboMulTo (self, num, out) {
    var fftm = new FFTM();
    return fftm.mulp(self, num, out);
  }

  BN.prototype.mulTo = function mulTo (num, out) {
    var res;
    var len = this.length + num.length;
    if (this.length === 10 && num.length === 10) {
      res = comb10MulTo(this, num, out);
    } else if (len < 63) {
      res = smallMulTo(this, num, out);
    } else if (len < 1024) {
      res = bigMulTo(this, num, out);
    } else {
      res = jumboMulTo(this, num, out);
    }

    return res;
  };

  // Cooley-Tukey algorithm for FFT
  // slightly revisited to rely on looping instead of recursion

  function FFTM (x, y) {
    this.x = x;
    this.y = y;
  }

  FFTM.prototype.makeRBT = function makeRBT (N) {
    var t = new Array(N);
    var l = BN.prototype._countBits(N) - 1;
    for (var i = 0; i < N; i++) {
      t[i] = this.revBin(i, l, N);
    }

    return t;
  };

  // Returns binary-reversed representation of `x`
  FFTM.prototype.revBin = function revBin (x, l, N) {
    if (x === 0 || x === N - 1) return x;

    var rb = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < l; i++) {
      rb |= (x & 1) << (l - i - 1);
      x >>= 1;
    }

    return rb;
  };

  // Performs "tweedling" phase, therefore 'emulating'
  // behaviour of the recursive algorithm
  FFTM.prototype.permute = function permute (rbt, rws, iws, rtws, itws, N) {
    for (var i = 0; i < N; i++) {
      rtws[i] = rws[rbt[i]];
      itws[i] = iws[rbt[i]];
    }
  };

  FFTM.prototype.transform = function transform (rws, iws, rtws, itws, N, rbt) {
    this.permute(rbt, rws, iws, rtws, itws, N);

    for (var s = 1; s < N; s <<= 1) {
      var l = s << 1;

      var rtwdf = Math.cos(2 * Math.PI / l);
      var itwdf = Math.sin(2 * Math.PI / l);

      for (var p = 0; p < N; p += l) {
        var rtwdf_ = rtwdf;
        var itwdf_ = itwdf;

        for (var j = 0; j < s; j++) {
          var re = rtws[p + j];
          var ie = itws[p + j];

          var ro = rtws[p + j + s];
          var io = itws[p + j + s];

          var rx = rtwdf_ * ro - itwdf_ * io;

          io = rtwdf_ * io + itwdf_ * ro;
          ro = rx;

          rtws[p + j] = re + ro;
          itws[p + j] = ie + io;

          rtws[p + j + s] = re - ro;
          itws[p + j + s] = ie - io;

          /* jshint maxdepth : false */
          if (j !== l) {
            rx = rtwdf * rtwdf_ - itwdf * itwdf_;

            itwdf_ = rtwdf * itwdf_ + itwdf * rtwdf_;
            rtwdf_ = rx;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  };

  FFTM.prototype.guessLen13b = function guessLen13b (n, m) {
    var N = Math.max(m, n) | 1;
    var odd = N & 1;
    var i = 0;
    for (N = N / 2 | 0; N; N = N >>> 1) {
      i++;
    }

    return 1 << i + 1 + odd;
  };

  FFTM.prototype.conjugate = function conjugate (rws, iws, N) {
    if (N <= 1) return;

    for (var i = 0; i < N / 2; i++) {
      var t = rws[i];

      rws[i] = rws[N - i - 1];
      rws[N - i - 1] = t;

      t = iws[i];

      iws[i] = -iws[N - i - 1];
      iws[N - i - 1] = -t;
    }
  };

  FFTM.prototype.normalize13b = function normalize13b (ws, N) {
    var carry = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < N / 2; i++) {
      var w = Math.round(ws[2 * i + 1] / N) * 0x2000 +
        Math.round(ws[2 * i] / N) +
        carry;

      ws[i] = w & 0x3ffffff;

      if (w < 0x4000000) {
        carry = 0;
      } else {
        carry = w / 0x4000000 | 0;
      }
    }

    return ws;
  };

  FFTM.prototype.convert13b = function convert13b (ws, len, rws, N) {
    var carry = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      carry = carry + (ws[i] | 0);

      rws[2 * i] = carry & 0x1fff; carry = carry >>> 13;
      rws[2 * i + 1] = carry & 0x1fff; carry = carry >>> 13;
    }

    // Pad with zeroes
    for (i = 2 * len; i < N; ++i) {
      rws[i] = 0;
    }

    assert(carry === 0);
    assert((carry & ~0x1fff) === 0);
  };

  FFTM.prototype.stub = function stub (N) {
    var ph = new Array(N);
    for (var i = 0; i < N; i++) {
      ph[i] = 0;
    }

    return ph;
  };

  FFTM.prototype.mulp = function mulp (x, y, out) {
    var N = 2 * this.guessLen13b(x.length, y.length);

    var rbt = this.makeRBT(N);

    var _ = this.stub(N);

    var rws = new Array(N);
    var rwst = new Array(N);
    var iwst = new Array(N);

    var nrws = new Array(N);
    var nrwst = new Array(N);
    var niwst = new Array(N);

    var rmws = out.words;
    rmws.length = N;

    this.convert13b(x.words, x.length, rws, N);
    this.convert13b(y.words, y.length, nrws, N);

    this.transform(rws, _, rwst, iwst, N, rbt);
    this.transform(nrws, _, nrwst, niwst, N, rbt);

    for (var i = 0; i < N; i++) {
      var rx = rwst[i] * nrwst[i] - iwst[i] * niwst[i];
      iwst[i] = rwst[i] * niwst[i] + iwst[i] * nrwst[i];
      rwst[i] = rx;
    }

    this.conjugate(rwst, iwst, N);
    this.transform(rwst, iwst, rmws, _, N, rbt);
    this.conjugate(rmws, _, N);
    this.normalize13b(rmws, N);

    out.negative = x.negative ^ y.negative;
    out.length = x.length + y.length;
    return out.strip();
  };

  // Multiply `this` by `num`
  BN.prototype.mul = function mul (num) {
    var out = new BN(null);
    out.words = new Array(this.length + num.length);
    return this.mulTo(num, out);
  };

  // Multiply employing FFT
  BN.prototype.mulf = function mulf (num) {
    var out = new BN(null);
    out.words = new Array(this.length + num.length);
    return jumboMulTo(this, num, out);
  };

  // In-place Multiplication
  BN.prototype.imul = function imul (num) {
    return this.clone().mulTo(num, this);
  };

  BN.prototype.imuln = function imuln (num) {
    assert(typeof num === 'number');
    assert(num < 0x4000000);

    // Carry
    var carry = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
      var w = (this.words[i] | 0) * num;
      var lo = (w & 0x3ffffff) + (carry & 0x3ffffff);
      carry >>= 26;
      carry += (w / 0x4000000) | 0;
      // NOTE: lo is 27bit maximum
      carry += lo >>> 26;
      this.words[i] = lo & 0x3ffffff;
    }

    if (carry !== 0) {
      this.words[i] = carry;
      this.length++;
    }

    return this;
  };

  BN.prototype.muln = function muln (num) {
    return this.clone().imuln(num);
  };

  // `this` * `this`
  BN.prototype.sqr = function sqr () {
    return this.mul(this);
  };

  // `this` * `this` in-place
  BN.prototype.isqr = function isqr () {
    return this.imul(this.clone());
  };

  // Math.pow(`this`, `num`)
  BN.prototype.pow = function pow (num) {
    var w = toBitArray(num);
    if (w.length === 0) return new BN(1);

    // Skip leading zeroes
    var res = this;
    for (var i = 0; i < w.length; i++, res = res.sqr()) {
      if (w[i] !== 0) break;
    }

    if (++i < w.length) {
      for (var q = res.sqr(); i < w.length; i++, q = q.sqr()) {
        if (w[i] === 0) continue;

        res = res.mul(q);
      }
    }

    return res;
  };

  // Shift-left in-place
  BN.prototype.iushln = function iushln (bits) {
    assert(typeof bits === 'number' && bits >= 0);
    var r = bits % 26;
    var s = (bits - r) / 26;
    var carryMask = (0x3ffffff >>> (26 - r)) << (26 - r);
    var i;

    if (r !== 0) {
      var carry = 0;

      for (i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
        var newCarry = this.words[i] & carryMask;
        var c = ((this.words[i] | 0) - newCarry) << r;
        this.words[i] = c | carry;
        carry = newCarry >>> (26 - r);
      }

      if (carry) {
        this.words[i] = carry;
        this.length++;
      }
    }

    if (s !== 0) {
      for (i = this.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        this.words[i + s] = this.words[i];
      }

      for (i = 0; i < s; i++) {
        this.words[i] = 0;
      }

      this.length += s;
    }

    return this.strip();
  };

  BN.prototype.ishln = function ishln (bits) {
    // TODO(indutny): implement me
    assert(this.negative === 0);
    return this.iushln(bits);
  };

  // Shift-right in-place
  // NOTE: `hint` is a lowest bit before trailing zeroes
  // NOTE: if `extended` is present - it will be filled with destroyed bits
  BN.prototype.iushrn = function iushrn (bits, hint, extended) {
    assert(typeof bits === 'number' && bits >= 0);
    var h;
    if (hint) {
      h = (hint - (hint % 26)) / 26;
    } else {
      h = 0;
    }

    var r = bits % 26;
    var s = Math.min((bits - r) / 26, this.length);
    var mask = 0x3ffffff ^ ((0x3ffffff >>> r) << r);
    var maskedWords = extended;

    h -= s;
    h = Math.max(0, h);

    // Extended mode, copy masked part
    if (maskedWords) {
      for (var i = 0; i < s; i++) {
        maskedWords.words[i] = this.words[i];
      }
      maskedWords.length = s;
    }

    if (s === 0) {
      // No-op, we should not move anything at all
    } else if (this.length > s) {
      this.length -= s;
      for (i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
        this.words[i] = this.words[i + s];
      }
    } else {
      this.words[0] = 0;
      this.length = 1;
    }

    var carry = 0;
    for (i = this.length - 1; i >= 0 && (carry !== 0 || i >= h); i--) {
      var word = this.words[i] | 0;
      this.words[i] = (carry << (26 - r)) | (word >>> r);
      carry = word & mask;
    }

    // Push carried bits as a mask
    if (maskedWords && carry !== 0) {
      maskedWords.words[maskedWords.length++] = carry;
    }

    if (this.length === 0) {
      this.words[0] = 0;
      this.length = 1;
    }

    return this.strip();
  };

  BN.prototype.ishrn = function ishrn (bits, hint, extended) {
    // TODO(indutny): implement me
    assert(this.negative === 0);
    return this.iushrn(bits, hint, extended);
  };

  // Shift-left
  BN.prototype.shln = function shln (bits) {
    return this.clone().ishln(bits);
  };

  BN.prototype.ushln = function ushln (bits) {
    return this.clone().iushln(bits);
  };

  // Shift-right
  BN.prototype.shrn = function shrn (bits) {
    return this.clone().ishrn(bits);
  };

  BN.prototype.ushrn = function ushrn (bits) {
    return this.clone().iushrn(bits);
  };

  // Test if n bit is set
  BN.prototype.testn = function testn (bit) {
    assert(typeof bit === 'number' && bit >= 0);
    var r = bit % 26;
    var s = (bit - r) / 26;
    var q = 1 << r;

    // Fast case: bit is much higher than all existing words
    if (this.length <= s) return false;

    // Check bit and return
    var w = this.words[s];

    return !!(w & q);
  };

  // Return only lowers bits of number (in-place)
  BN.prototype.imaskn = function imaskn (bits) {
    assert(typeof bits === 'number' && bits >= 0);
    var r = bits % 26;
    var s = (bits - r) / 26;

    assert(this.negative === 0, 'imaskn works only with positive numbers');

    if (this.length <= s) {
      return this;
    }

    if (r !== 0) {
      s++;
    }
    this.length = Math.min(s, this.length);

    if (r !== 0) {
      var mask = 0x3ffffff ^ ((0x3ffffff >>> r) << r);
      this.words[this.length - 1] &= mask;
    }

    return this.strip();
  };

  // Return only lowers bits of number
  BN.prototype.maskn = function maskn (bits) {
    return this.clone().imaskn(bits);
  };

  // Add plain number `num` to `this`
  BN.prototype.iaddn = function iaddn (num) {
    assert(typeof num === 'number');
    assert(num < 0x4000000);
    if (num < 0) return this.isubn(-num);

    // Possible sign change
    if (this.negative !== 0) {
      if (this.length === 1 && (this.words[0] | 0) < num) {
        this.words[0] = num - (this.words[0] | 0);
        this.negative = 0;
        return this;
      }

      this.negative = 0;
      this.isubn(num);
      this.negative = 1;
      return this;
    }

    // Add without checks
    return this._iaddn(num);
  };

  BN.prototype._iaddn = function _iaddn (num) {
    this.words[0] += num;

    // Carry
    for (var i = 0; i < this.length && this.words[i] >= 0x4000000; i++) {
      this.words[i] -= 0x4000000;
      if (i === this.length - 1) {
        this.words[i + 1] = 1;
      } else {
        this.words[i + 1]++;
      }
    }
    this.length = Math.max(this.length, i + 1);

    return this;
  };

  // Subtract plain number `num` from `this`
  BN.prototype.isubn = function isubn (num) {
    assert(typeof num === 'number');
    assert(num < 0x4000000);
    if (num < 0) return this.iaddn(-num);

    if (this.negative !== 0) {
      this.negative = 0;
      this.iaddn(num);
      this.negative = 1;
      return this;
    }

    this.words[0] -= num;

    if (this.length === 1 && this.words[0] < 0) {
      this.words[0] = -this.words[0];
      this.negative = 1;
    } else {
      // Carry
      for (var i = 0; i < this.length && this.words[i] < 0; i++) {
        this.words[i] += 0x4000000;
        this.words[i + 1] -= 1;
      }
    }

    return this.strip();
  };

  BN.prototype.addn = function addn (num) {
    return this.clone().iaddn(num);
  };

  BN.prototype.subn = function subn (num) {
    return this.clone().isubn(num);
  };

  BN.prototype.iabs = function iabs () {
    this.negative = 0;

    return this;
  };

  BN.prototype.abs = function abs () {
    return this.clone().iabs();
  };

  BN.prototype._ishlnsubmul = function _ishlnsubmul (num, mul, shift) {
    var len = num.length + shift;
    var i;

    this._expand(len);

    var w;
    var carry = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < num.length; i++) {
      w = (this.words[i + shift] | 0) + carry;
      var right = (num.words[i] | 0) * mul;
      w -= right & 0x3ffffff;
      carry = (w >> 26) - ((right / 0x4000000) | 0);
      this.words[i + shift] = w & 0x3ffffff;
    }
    for (; i < this.length - shift; i++) {
      w = (this.words[i + shift] | 0) + carry;
      carry = w >> 26;
      this.words[i + shift] = w & 0x3ffffff;
    }

    if (carry === 0) return this.strip();

    // Subtraction overflow
    assert(carry === -1);
    carry = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
      w = -(this.words[i] | 0) + carry;
      carry = w >> 26;
      this.words[i] = w & 0x3ffffff;
    }
    this.negative = 1;

    return this.strip();
  };

  BN.prototype._wordDiv = function _wordDiv (num, mode) {
    var shift = this.length - num.length;

    var a = this.clone();
    var b = num;

    // Normalize
    var bhi = b.words[b.length - 1] | 0;
    var bhiBits = this._countBits(bhi);
    shift = 26 - bhiBits;
    if (shift !== 0) {
      b = b.ushln(shift);
      a.iushln(shift);
      bhi = b.words[b.length - 1] | 0;
    }

    // Initialize quotient
    var m = a.length - b.length;
    var q;

    if (mode !== 'mod') {
      q = new BN(null);
      q.length = m + 1;
      q.words = new Array(q.length);
      for (var i = 0; i < q.length; i++) {
        q.words[i] = 0;
      }
    }

    var diff = a.clone()._ishlnsubmul(b, 1, m);
    if (diff.negative === 0) {
      a = diff;
      if (q) {
        q.words[m] = 1;
      }
    }

    for (var j = m - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
      var qj = (a.words[b.length + j] | 0) * 0x4000000 +
        (a.words[b.length + j - 1] | 0);

      // NOTE: (qj / bhi) is (0x3ffffff * 0x4000000 + 0x3ffffff) / 0x2000000 max
      // (0x7ffffff)
      qj = Math.min((qj / bhi) | 0, 0x3ffffff);

      a._ishlnsubmul(b, qj, j);
      while (a.negative !== 0) {
        qj--;
        a.negative = 0;
        a._ishlnsubmul(b, 1, j);
        if (!a.isZero()) {
          a.negative ^= 1;
        }
      }
      if (q) {
        q.words[j] = qj;
      }
    }
    if (q) {
      q.strip();
    }
    a.strip();

    // Denormalize
    if (mode !== 'div' && shift !== 0) {
      a.iushrn(shift);
    }

    return {
      div: q || null,
      mod: a
    };
  };

  // NOTE: 1) `mode` can be set to `mod` to request mod only,
  //       to `div` to request div only, or be absent to
  //       request both div & mod
  //       2) `positive` is true if unsigned mod is requested
  BN.prototype.divmod = function divmod (num, mode, positive) {
    assert(!num.isZero());

    if (this.isZero()) {
      return {
        div: new BN(0),
        mod: new BN(0)
      };
    }

    var div, mod, res;
    if (this.negative !== 0 && num.negative === 0) {
      res = this.neg().divmod(num, mode);

      if (mode !== 'mod') {
        div = res.div.neg();
      }

      if (mode !== 'div') {
        mod = res.mod.neg();
        if (positive && mod.negative !== 0) {
          mod.iadd(num);
        }
      }

      return {
        div: div,
        mod: mod
      };
    }

    if (this.negative === 0 && num.negative !== 0) {
      res = this.divmod(num.neg(), mode);

      if (mode !== 'mod') {
        div = res.div.neg();
      }

      return {
        div: div,
        mod: res.mod
      };
    }

    if ((this.negative & num.negative) !== 0) {
      res = this.neg().divmod(num.neg(), mode);

      if (mode !== 'div') {
        mod = res.mod.neg();
        if (positive && mod.negative !== 0) {
          mod.isub(num);
        }
      }

      return {
        div: res.div,
        mod: mod
      };
    }

    // Both numbers are positive at this point

    // Strip both numbers to approximate shift value
    if (num.length > this.length || this.cmp(num) < 0) {
      return {
        div: new BN(0),
        mod: this
      };
    }

    // Very short reduction
    if (num.length === 1) {
      if (mode === 'div') {
        return {
          div: this.divn(num.words[0]),
          mod: null
        };
      }

      if (mode === 'mod') {
        return {
          div: null,
          mod: new BN(this.modn(num.words[0]))
        };
      }

      return {
        div: this.divn(num.words[0]),
        mod: new BN(this.modn(num.words[0]))
      };
    }

    return this._wordDiv(num, mode);
  };

  // Find `this` / `num`
  BN.prototype.div = function div (num) {
    return this.divmod(num, 'div', false).div;
  };

  // Find `this` % `num`
  BN.prototype.mod = function mod (num) {
    return this.divmod(num, 'mod', false).mod;
  };

  BN.prototype.umod = function umod (num) {
    return this.divmod(num, 'mod', true).mod;
  };

  // Find Round(`this` / `num`)
  BN.prototype.divRound = function divRound (num) {
    var dm = this.divmod(num);

    // Fast case - exact division
    if (dm.mod.isZero()) return dm.div;

    var mod = dm.div.negative !== 0 ? dm.mod.isub(num) : dm.mod;

    var half = num.ushrn(1);
    var r2 = num.andln(1);
    var cmp = mod.cmp(half);

    // Round down
    if (cmp < 0 || r2 === 1 && cmp === 0) return dm.div;

    // Round up
    return dm.div.negative !== 0 ? dm.div.isubn(1) : dm.div.iaddn(1);
  };

  BN.prototype.modn = function modn (num) {
    assert(num <= 0x3ffffff);
    var p = (1 << 26) % num;

    var acc = 0;
    for (var i = this.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      acc = (p * acc + (this.words[i] | 0)) % num;
    }

    return acc;
  };

  // In-place division by number
  BN.prototype.idivn = function idivn (num) {
    assert(num <= 0x3ffffff);

    var carry = 0;
    for (var i = this.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      var w = (this.words[i] | 0) + carry * 0x4000000;
      this.words[i] = (w / num) | 0;
      carry = w % num;
    }

    return this.strip();
  };

  BN.prototype.divn = function divn (num) {
    return this.clone().idivn(num);
  };

  BN.prototype.egcd = function egcd (p) {
    assert(p.negative === 0);
    assert(!p.isZero());

    var x = this;
    var y = p.clone();

    if (x.negative !== 0) {
      x = x.umod(p);
    } else {
      x = x.clone();
    }

    // A * x + B * y = x
    var A = new BN(1);
    var B = new BN(0);

    // C * x + D * y = y
    var C = new BN(0);
    var D = new BN(1);

    var g = 0;

    while (x.isEven() && y.isEven()) {
      x.iushrn(1);
      y.iushrn(1);
      ++g;
    }

    var yp = y.clone();
    var xp = x.clone();

    while (!x.isZero()) {
      for (var i = 0, im = 1; (x.words[0] & im) === 0 && i < 26; ++i, im <<= 1);
      if (i > 0) {
        x.iushrn(i);
        while (i-- > 0) {
          if (A.isOdd() || B.isOdd()) {
            A.iadd(yp);
            B.isub(xp);
          }

          A.iushrn(1);
          B.iushrn(1);
        }
      }

      for (var j = 0, jm = 1; (y.words[0] & jm) === 0 && j < 26; ++j, jm <<= 1);
      if (j > 0) {
        y.iushrn(j);
        while (j-- > 0) {
          if (C.isOdd() || D.isOdd()) {
            C.iadd(yp);
            D.isub(xp);
          }

          C.iushrn(1);
          D.iushrn(1);
        }
      }

      if (x.cmp(y) >= 0) {
        x.isub(y);
        A.isub(C);
        B.isub(D);
      } else {
        y.isub(x);
        C.isub(A);
        D.isub(B);
      }
    }

    return {
      a: C,
      b: D,
      gcd: y.iushln(g)
    };
  };

  // This is reduced incarnation of the binary EEA
  // above, designated to invert members of the
  // _prime_ fields F(p) at a maximal speed
  BN.prototype._invmp = function _invmp (p) {
    assert(p.negative === 0);
    assert(!p.isZero());

    var a = this;
    var b = p.clone();

    if (a.negative !== 0) {
      a = a.umod(p);
    } else {
      a = a.clone();
    }

    var x1 = new BN(1);
    var x2 = new BN(0);

    var delta = b.clone();

    while (a.cmpn(1) > 0 && b.cmpn(1) > 0) {
      for (var i = 0, im = 1; (a.words[0] & im) === 0 && i < 26; ++i, im <<= 1);
      if (i > 0) {
        a.iushrn(i);
        while (i-- > 0) {
          if (x1.isOdd()) {
            x1.iadd(delta);
          }

          x1.iushrn(1);
        }
      }

      for (var j = 0, jm = 1; (b.words[0] & jm) === 0 && j < 26; ++j, jm <<= 1);
      if (j > 0) {
        b.iushrn(j);
        while (j-- > 0) {
          if (x2.isOdd()) {
            x2.iadd(delta);
          }

          x2.iushrn(1);
        }
      }

      if (a.cmp(b) >= 0) {
        a.isub(b);
        x1.isub(x2);
      } else {
        b.isub(a);
        x2.isub(x1);
      }
    }

    var res;
    if (a.cmpn(1) === 0) {
      res = x1;
    } else {
      res = x2;
    }

    if (res.cmpn(0) < 0) {
      res.iadd(p);
    }

    return res;
  };

  BN.prototype.gcd = function gcd (num) {
    if (this.isZero()) return num.abs();
    if (num.isZero()) return this.abs();

    var a = this.clone();
    var b = num.clone();
    a.negative = 0;
    b.negative = 0;

    // Remove common factor of two
    for (var shift = 0; a.isEven() && b.isEven(); shift++) {
      a.iushrn(1);
      b.iushrn(1);
    }

    do {
      while (a.isEven()) {
        a.iushrn(1);
      }
      while (b.isEven()) {
        b.iushrn(1);
      }

      var r = a.cmp(b);
      if (r < 0) {
        // Swap `a` and `b` to make `a` always bigger than `b`
        var t = a;
        a = b;
        b = t;
      } else if (r === 0 || b.cmpn(1) === 0) {
        break;
      }

      a.isub(b);
    } while (true);

    return b.iushln(shift);
  };

  // Invert number in the field F(num)
  BN.prototype.invm = function invm (num) {
    return this.egcd(num).a.umod(num);
  };

  BN.prototype.isEven = function isEven () {
    return (this.words[0] & 1) === 0;
  };

  BN.prototype.isOdd = function isOdd () {
    return (this.words[0] & 1) === 1;
  };

  // And first word and num
  BN.prototype.andln = function andln (num) {
    return this.words[0] & num;
  };

  // Increment at the bit position in-line
  BN.prototype.bincn = function bincn (bit) {
    assert(typeof bit === 'number');
    var r = bit % 26;
    var s = (bit - r) / 26;
    var q = 1 << r;

    // Fast case: bit is much higher than all existing words
    if (this.length <= s) {
      this._expand(s + 1);
      this.words[s] |= q;
      return this;
    }

    // Add bit and propagate, if needed
    var carry = q;
    for (var i = s; carry !== 0 && i < this.length; i++) {
      var w = this.words[i] | 0;
      w += carry;
      carry = w >>> 26;
      w &= 0x3ffffff;
      this.words[i] = w;
    }
    if (carry !== 0) {
      this.words[i] = carry;
      this.length++;
    }
    return this;
  };

  BN.prototype.isZero = function isZero () {
    return this.length === 1 && this.words[0] === 0;
  };

  BN.prototype.cmpn = function cmpn (num) {
    var negative = num < 0;

    if (this.negative !== 0 && !negative) return -1;
    if (this.negative === 0 && negative) return 1;

    this.strip();

    var res;
    if (this.length > 1) {
      res = 1;
    } else {
      if (negative) {
        num = -num;
      }

      assert(num <= 0x3ffffff, 'Number is too big');

      var w = this.words[0] | 0;
      res = w === num ? 0 : w < num ? -1 : 1;
    }
    if (this.negative !== 0) return -res | 0;
    return res;
  };

  // Compare two numbers and return:
  // 1 - if `this` > `num`
  // 0 - if `this` == `num`
  // -1 - if `this` < `num`
  BN.prototype.cmp = function cmp (num) {
    if (this.negative !== 0 && num.negative === 0) return -1;
    if (this.negative === 0 && num.negative !== 0) return 1;

    var res = this.ucmp(num);
    if (this.negative !== 0) return -res | 0;
    return res;
  };

  // Unsigned comparison
  BN.prototype.ucmp = function ucmp (num) {
    // At this point both numbers have the same sign
    if (this.length > num.length) return 1;
    if (this.length < num.length) return -1;

    var res = 0;
    for (var i = this.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      var a = this.words[i] | 0;
      var b = num.words[i] | 0;

      if (a === b) continue;
      if (a < b) {
        res = -1;
      } else if (a > b) {
        res = 1;
      }
      break;
    }
    return res;
  };

  BN.prototype.gtn = function gtn (num) {
    return this.cmpn(num) === 1;
  };

  BN.prototype.gt = function gt (num) {
    return this.cmp(num) === 1;
  };

  BN.prototype.gten = function gten (num) {
    return this.cmpn(num) >= 0;
  };

  BN.prototype.gte = function gte (num) {
    return this.cmp(num) >= 0;
  };

  BN.prototype.ltn = function ltn (num) {
    return this.cmpn(num) === -1;
  };

  BN.prototype.lt = function lt (num) {
    return this.cmp(num) === -1;
  };

  BN.prototype.lten = function lten (num) {
    return this.cmpn(num) <= 0;
  };

  BN.prototype.lte = function lte (num) {
    return this.cmp(num) <= 0;
  };

  BN.prototype.eqn = function eqn (num) {
    return this.cmpn(num) === 0;
  };

  BN.prototype.eq = function eq (num) {
    return this.cmp(num) === 0;
  };

  //
  // A reduce context, could be using montgomery or something better, depending
  // on the `m` itself.
  //
  BN.red = function red (num) {
    return new Red(num);
  };

  BN.prototype.toRed = function toRed (ctx) {
    assert(!this.red, 'Already a number in reduction context');
    assert(this.negative === 0, 'red works only with positives');
    return ctx.convertTo(this)._forceRed(ctx);
  };

  BN.prototype.fromRed = function fromRed () {
    assert(this.red, 'fromRed works only with numbers in reduction context');
    return this.red.convertFrom(this);
  };

  BN.prototype._forceRed = function _forceRed (ctx) {
    this.red = ctx;
    return this;
  };

  BN.prototype.forceRed = function forceRed (ctx) {
    assert(!this.red, 'Already a number in reduction context');
    return this._forceRed(ctx);
  };

  BN.prototype.redAdd = function redAdd (num) {
    assert(this.red, 'redAdd works only with red numbers');
    return this.red.add(this, num);
  };

  BN.prototype.redIAdd = function redIAdd (num) {
    assert(this.red, 'redIAdd works only with red numbers');
    return this.red.iadd(this, num);
  };

  BN.prototype.redSub = function redSub (num) {
    assert(this.red, 'redSub works only with red numbers');
    return this.red.sub(this, num);
  };

  BN.prototype.redISub = function redISub (num) {
    assert(this.red, 'redISub works only with red numbers');
    return this.red.isub(this, num);
  };

  BN.prototype.redShl = function redShl (num) {
    assert(this.red, 'redShl works only with red numbers');
    return this.red.shl(this, num);
  };

  BN.prototype.redMul = function redMul (num) {
    assert(this.red, 'redMul works only with red numbers');
    this.red._verify2(this, num);
    return this.red.mul(this, num);
  };

  BN.prototype.redIMul = function redIMul (num) {
    assert(this.red, 'redMul works only with red numbers');
    this.red._verify2(this, num);
    return this.red.imul(this, num);
  };

  BN.prototype.redSqr = function redSqr () {
    assert(this.red, 'redSqr works only with red numbers');
    this.red._verify1(this);
    return this.red.sqr(this);
  };

  BN.prototype.redISqr = function redISqr () {
    assert(this.red, 'redISqr works only with red numbers');
    this.red._verify1(this);
    return this.red.isqr(this);
  };

  // Square root over p
  BN.prototype.redSqrt = function redSqrt () {
    assert(this.red, 'redSqrt works only with red numbers');
    this.red._verify1(this);
    return this.red.sqrt(this);
  };

  BN.prototype.redInvm = function redInvm () {
    assert(this.red, 'redInvm works only with red numbers');
    this.red._verify1(this);
    return this.red.invm(this);
  };

  // Return negative clone of `this` % `red modulo`
  BN.prototype.redNeg = function redNeg () {
    assert(this.red, 'redNeg works only with red numbers');
    this.red._verify1(this);
    return this.red.neg(this);
  };

  BN.prototype.redPow = function redPow (num) {
    assert(this.red && !num.red, 'redPow(normalNum)');
    this.red._verify1(this);
    return this.red.pow(this, num);
  };

  // Prime numbers with efficient reduction
  var primes = {
    k256: null,
    p224: null,
    p192: null,
    p25519: null
  };

  // Pseudo-Mersenne prime
  function MPrime (name, p) {
    // P = 2 ^ N - K
    this.name = name;
    this.p = new BN(p, 16);
    this.n = this.p.bitLength();
    this.k = new BN(1).iushln(this.n).isub(this.p);

    this.tmp = this._tmp();
  }

  MPrime.prototype._tmp = function _tmp () {
    var tmp = new BN(null);
    tmp.words = new Array(Math.ceil(this.n / 13));
    return tmp;
  };

  MPrime.prototype.ireduce = function ireduce (num) {
    // Assumes that `num` is less than `P^2`
    // num = HI * (2 ^ N - K) + HI * K + LO = HI * K + LO (mod P)
    var r = num;
    var rlen;

    do {
      this.split(r, this.tmp);
      r = this.imulK(r);
      r = r.iadd(this.tmp);
      rlen = r.bitLength();
    } while (rlen > this.n);

    var cmp = rlen < this.n ? -1 : r.ucmp(this.p);
    if (cmp === 0) {
      r.words[0] = 0;
      r.length = 1;
    } else if (cmp > 0) {
      r.isub(this.p);
    } else {
      r.strip();
    }

    return r;
  };

  MPrime.prototype.split = function split (input, out) {
    input.iushrn(this.n, 0, out);
  };

  MPrime.prototype.imulK = function imulK (num) {
    return num.imul(this.k);
  };

  function K256 () {
    MPrime.call(
      this,
      'k256',
      'ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff fffffffe fffffc2f');
  }
  inherits(K256, MPrime);

  K256.prototype.split = function split (input, output) {
    // 256 = 9 * 26 + 22
    var mask = 0x3fffff;

    var outLen = Math.min(input.length, 9);
    for (var i = 0; i < outLen; i++) {
      output.words[i] = input.words[i];
    }
    output.length = outLen;

    if (input.length <= 9) {
      input.words[0] = 0;
      input.length = 1;
      return;
    }

    // Shift by 9 limbs
    var prev = input.words[9];
    output.words[output.length++] = prev & mask;

    for (i = 10; i < input.length; i++) {
      var next = input.words[i] | 0;
      input.words[i - 10] = ((next & mask) << 4) | (prev >>> 22);
      prev = next;
    }
    prev >>>= 22;
    input.words[i - 10] = prev;
    if (prev === 0 && input.length > 10) {
      input.length -= 10;
    } else {
      input.length -= 9;
    }
  };

  K256.prototype.imulK = function imulK (num) {
    // K = 0x1000003d1 = [ 0x40, 0x3d1 ]
    num.words[num.length] = 0;
    num.words[num.length + 1] = 0;
    num.length += 2;

    // bounded at: 0x40 * 0x3ffffff + 0x3d0 = 0x100000390
    var lo = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < num.length; i++) {
      var w = num.words[i] | 0;
      lo += w * 0x3d1;
      num.words[i] = lo & 0x3ffffff;
      lo = w * 0x40 + ((lo / 0x4000000) | 0);
    }

    // Fast length reduction
    if (num.words[num.length - 1] === 0) {
      num.length--;
      if (num.words[num.length - 1] === 0) {
        num.length--;
      }
    }
    return num;
  };

  function P224 () {
    MPrime.call(
      this,
      'p224',
      'ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff 00000000 00000000 00000001');
  }
  inherits(P224, MPrime);

  function P192 () {
    MPrime.call(
      this,
      'p192',
      'ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff fffffffe ffffffff ffffffff');
  }
  inherits(P192, MPrime);

  function P25519 () {
    // 2 ^ 255 - 19
    MPrime.call(
      this,
      '25519',
      '7fffffffffffffff ffffffffffffffff ffffffffffffffff ffffffffffffffed');
  }
  inherits(P25519, MPrime);

  P25519.prototype.imulK = function imulK (num) {
    // K = 0x13
    var carry = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < num.length; i++) {
      var hi = (num.words[i] | 0) * 0x13 + carry;
      var lo = hi & 0x3ffffff;
      hi >>>= 26;

      num.words[i] = lo;
      carry = hi;
    }
    if (carry !== 0) {
      num.words[num.length++] = carry;
    }
    return num;
  };

  // Exported mostly for testing purposes, use plain name instead
  BN._prime = function prime (name) {
    // Cached version of prime
    if (primes[name]) return primes[name];

    var prime;
    if (name === 'k256') {
      prime = new K256();
    } else if (name === 'p224') {
      prime = new P224();
    } else if (name === 'p192') {
      prime = new P192();
    } else if (name === 'p25519') {
      prime = new P25519();
    } else {
      throw new Error('Unknown prime ' + name);
    }
    primes[name] = prime;

    return prime;
  };

  //
  // Base reduction engine
  //
  function Red (m) {
    if (typeof m === 'string') {
      var prime = BN._prime(m);
      this.m = prime.p;
      this.prime = prime;
    } else {
      assert(m.gtn(1), 'modulus must be greater than 1');
      this.m = m;
      this.prime = null;
    }
  }

  Red.prototype._verify1 = function _verify1 (a) {
    assert(a.negative === 0, 'red works only with positives');
    assert(a.red, 'red works only with red numbers');
  };

  Red.prototype._verify2 = function _verify2 (a, b) {
    assert((a.negative | b.negative) === 0, 'red works only with positives');
    assert(a.red && a.red === b.red,
      'red works only with red numbers');
  };

  Red.prototype.imod = function imod (a) {
    if (this.prime) return this.prime.ireduce(a)._forceRed(this);
    return a.umod(this.m)._forceRed(this);
  };

  Red.prototype.neg = function neg (a) {
    if (a.isZero()) {
      return a.clone();
    }

    return this.m.sub(a)._forceRed(this);
  };

  Red.prototype.add = function add (a, b) {
    this._verify2(a, b);

    var res = a.add(b);
    if (res.cmp(this.m) >= 0) {
      res.isub(this.m);
    }
    return res._forceRed(this);
  };

  Red.prototype.iadd = function iadd (a, b) {
    this._verify2(a, b);

    var res = a.iadd(b);
    if (res.cmp(this.m) >= 0) {
      res.isub(this.m);
    }
    return res;
  };

  Red.prototype.sub = function sub (a, b) {
    this._verify2(a, b);

    var res = a.sub(b);
    if (res.cmpn(0) < 0) {
      res.iadd(this.m);
    }
    return res._forceRed(this);
  };

  Red.prototype.isub = function isub (a, b) {
    this._verify2(a, b);

    var res = a.isub(b);
    if (res.cmpn(0) < 0) {
      res.iadd(this.m);
    }
    return res;
  };

  Red.prototype.shl = function shl (a, num) {
    this._verify1(a);
    return this.imod(a.ushln(num));
  };

  Red.prototype.imul = function imul (a, b) {
    this._verify2(a, b);
    return this.imod(a.imul(b));
  };

  Red.prototype.mul = function mul (a, b) {
    this._verify2(a, b);
    return this.imod(a.mul(b));
  };

  Red.prototype.isqr = function isqr (a) {
    return this.imul(a, a.clone());
  };

  Red.prototype.sqr = function sqr (a) {
    return this.mul(a, a);
  };

  Red.prototype.sqrt = function sqrt (a) {
    if (a.isZero()) return a.clone();

    var mod3 = this.m.andln(3);
    assert(mod3 % 2 === 1);

    // Fast case
    if (mod3 === 3) {
      var pow = this.m.add(new BN(1)).iushrn(2);
      return this.pow(a, pow);
    }

    // Tonelli-Shanks algorithm (Totally unoptimized and slow)
    //
    // Find Q and S, that Q * 2 ^ S = (P - 1)
    var q = this.m.subn(1);
    var s = 0;
    while (!q.isZero() && q.andln(1) === 0) {
      s++;
      q.iushrn(1);
    }
    assert(!q.isZero());

    var one = new BN(1).toRed(this);
    var nOne = one.redNeg();

    // Find quadratic non-residue
    // NOTE: Max is such because of generalized Riemann hypothesis.
    var lpow = this.m.subn(1).iushrn(1);
    var z = this.m.bitLength();
    z = new BN(2 * z * z).toRed(this);

    while (this.pow(z, lpow).cmp(nOne) !== 0) {
      z.redIAdd(nOne);
    }

    var c = this.pow(z, q);
    var r = this.pow(a, q.addn(1).iushrn(1));
    var t = this.pow(a, q);
    var m = s;
    while (t.cmp(one) !== 0) {
      var tmp = t;
      for (var i = 0; tmp.cmp(one) !== 0; i++) {
        tmp = tmp.redSqr();
      }
      assert(i < m);
      var b = this.pow(c, new BN(1).iushln(m - i - 1));

      r = r.redMul(b);
      c = b.redSqr();
      t = t.redMul(c);
      m = i;
    }

    return r;
  };

  Red.prototype.invm = function invm (a) {
    var inv = a._invmp(this.m);
    if (inv.negative !== 0) {
      inv.negative = 0;
      return this.imod(inv).redNeg();
    } else {
      return this.imod(inv);
    }
  };

  Red.prototype.pow = function pow (a, num) {
    if (num.isZero()) return new BN(1).toRed(this);
    if (num.cmpn(1) === 0) return a.clone();

    var windowSize = 4;
    var wnd = new Array(1 << windowSize);
    wnd[0] = new BN(1).toRed(this);
    wnd[1] = a;
    for (var i = 2; i < wnd.length; i++) {
      wnd[i] = this.mul(wnd[i - 1], a);
    }

    var res = wnd[0];
    var current = 0;
    var currentLen = 0;
    var start = num.bitLength() % 26;
    if (start === 0) {
      start = 26;
    }

    for (i = num.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      var word = num.words[i];
      for (var j = start - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
        var bit = (word >> j) & 1;
        if (res !== wnd[0]) {
          res = this.sqr(res);
        }

        if (bit === 0 && current === 0) {
          currentLen = 0;
          continue;
        }

        current <<= 1;
        current |= bit;
        currentLen++;
        if (currentLen !== windowSize && (i !== 0 || j !== 0)) continue;

        res = this.mul(res, wnd[current]);
        currentLen = 0;
        current = 0;
      }
      start = 26;
    }

    return res;
  };

  Red.prototype.convertTo = function convertTo (num) {
    var r = num.umod(this.m);

    return r === num ? r.clone() : r;
  };

  Red.prototype.convertFrom = function convertFrom (num) {
    var res = num.clone();
    res.red = null;
    return res;
  };

  //
  // Montgomery method engine
  //

  BN.mont = function mont (num) {
    return new Mont(num);
  };

  function Mont (m) {
    Red.call(this, m);

    this.shift = this.m.bitLength();
    if (this.shift % 26 !== 0) {
      this.shift += 26 - (this.shift % 26);
    }

    this.r = new BN(1).iushln(this.shift);
    this.r2 = this.imod(this.r.sqr());
    this.rinv = this.r._invmp(this.m);

    this.minv = this.rinv.mul(this.r).isubn(1).div(this.m);
    this.minv = this.minv.umod(this.r);
    this.minv = this.r.sub(this.minv);
  }
  inherits(Mont, Red);

  Mont.prototype.convertTo = function convertTo (num) {
    return this.imod(num.ushln(this.shift));
  };

  Mont.prototype.convertFrom = function convertFrom (num) {
    var r = this.imod(num.mul(this.rinv));
    r.red = null;
    return r;
  };

  Mont.prototype.imul = function imul (a, b) {
    if (a.isZero() || b.isZero()) {
      a.words[0] = 0;
      a.length = 1;
      return a;
    }

    var t = a.imul(b);
    var c = t.maskn(this.shift).mul(this.minv).imaskn(this.shift).mul(this.m);
    var u = t.isub(c).iushrn(this.shift);
    var res = u;

    if (u.cmp(this.m) >= 0) {
      res = u.isub(this.m);
    } else if (u.cmpn(0) < 0) {
      res = u.iadd(this.m);
    }

    return res._forceRed(this);
  };

  Mont.prototype.mul = function mul (a, b) {
    if (a.isZero() || b.isZero()) return new BN(0)._forceRed(this);

    var t = a.mul(b);
    var c = t.maskn(this.shift).mul(this.minv).imaskn(this.shift).mul(this.m);
    var u = t.isub(c).iushrn(this.shift);
    var res = u;
    if (u.cmp(this.m) >= 0) {
      res = u.isub(this.m);
    } else if (u.cmpn(0) < 0) {
      res = u.iadd(this.m);
    }

    return res._forceRed(this);
  };

  Mont.prototype.invm = function invm (a) {
    // (AR)^-1 * R^2 = (A^-1 * R^-1) * R^2 = A^-1 * R
    var res = this.imod(a._invmp(this.m).mul(this.r2));
    return res._forceRed(this);
  };
})(typeof module === 'undefined' || module, this);

},{"buffer":5}],5:[function(require,module,exports){

},{}],6:[function(require,module,exports){
(function (process,global){
/**
 * [js-sha3]{@link https://github.com/emn178/js-sha3}
 *
 * @version 0.5.7
 * @author Chen, Yi-Cyuan [emn178@gmail.com]
 * @copyright Chen, Yi-Cyuan 2015-2016
 * @license MIT
 */
/*jslint bitwise: true */
(function () {
  'use strict';

  var root = typeof window === 'object' ? window : {};
  var NODE_JS = !root.JS_SHA3_NO_NODE_JS && typeof process === 'object' && process.versions && process.versions.node;
  if (NODE_JS) {
    root = global;
  }
  var COMMON_JS = !root.JS_SHA3_NO_COMMON_JS && typeof module === 'object' && module.exports;
  var HEX_CHARS = '0123456789abcdef'.split('');
  var SHAKE_PADDING = [31, 7936, 2031616, 520093696];
  var KECCAK_PADDING = [1, 256, 65536, 16777216];
  var PADDING = [6, 1536, 393216, 100663296];
  var SHIFT = [0, 8, 16, 24];
  var RC = [1, 0, 32898, 0, 32906, 2147483648, 2147516416, 2147483648, 32907, 0, 2147483649,
            0, 2147516545, 2147483648, 32777, 2147483648, 138, 0, 136, 0, 2147516425, 0,
            2147483658, 0, 2147516555, 0, 139, 2147483648, 32905, 2147483648, 32771,
            2147483648, 32770, 2147483648, 128, 2147483648, 32778, 0, 2147483658, 2147483648,
            2147516545, 2147483648, 32896, 2147483648, 2147483649, 0, 2147516424, 2147483648];
  var BITS = [224, 256, 384, 512];
  var SHAKE_BITS = [128, 256];
  var OUTPUT_TYPES = ['hex', 'buffer', 'arrayBuffer', 'array'];

  var createOutputMethod = function (bits, padding, outputType) {
    return function (message) {
      return new Keccak(bits, padding, bits).update(message)[outputType]();
    };
  };

  var createShakeOutputMethod = function (bits, padding, outputType) {
    return function (message, outputBits) {
      return new Keccak(bits, padding, outputBits).update(message)[outputType]();
    };
  };

  var createMethod = function (bits, padding) {
    var method = createOutputMethod(bits, padding, 'hex');
    method.create = function () {
      return new Keccak(bits, padding, bits);
    };
    method.update = function (message) {
      return method.create().update(message);
    };
    for (var i = 0; i < OUTPUT_TYPES.length; ++i) {
      var type = OUTPUT_TYPES[i];
      method[type] = createOutputMethod(bits, padding, type);
    }
    return method;
  };

  var createShakeMethod = function (bits, padding) {
    var method = createShakeOutputMethod(bits, padding, 'hex');
    method.create = function (outputBits) {
      return new Keccak(bits, padding, outputBits);
    };
    method.update = function (message, outputBits) {
      return method.create(outputBits).update(message);
    };
    for (var i = 0; i < OUTPUT_TYPES.length; ++i) {
      var type = OUTPUT_TYPES[i];
      method[type] = createShakeOutputMethod(bits, padding, type);
    }
    return method;
  };

  var algorithms = [
    {name: 'keccak', padding: KECCAK_PADDING, bits: BITS, createMethod: createMethod},
    {name: 'sha3', padding: PADDING, bits: BITS, createMethod: createMethod},
    {name: 'shake', padding: SHAKE_PADDING, bits: SHAKE_BITS, createMethod: createShakeMethod}
  ];

  var methods = {}, methodNames = [];

  for (var i = 0; i < algorithms.length; ++i) {
    var algorithm = algorithms[i];
    var bits  = algorithm.bits;
    for (var j = 0; j < bits.length; ++j) {
      var methodName = algorithm.name +'_' + bits[j];
      methodNames.push(methodName);
      methods[methodName] = algorithm.createMethod(bits[j], algorithm.padding);
    }
  }

  function Keccak(bits, padding, outputBits) {
    this.blocks = [];
    this.s = [];
    this.padding = padding;
    this.outputBits = outputBits;
    this.reset = true;
    this.block = 0;
    this.start = 0;
    this.blockCount = (1600 - (bits << 1)) >> 5;
    this.byteCount = this.blockCount << 2;
    this.outputBlocks = outputBits >> 5;
    this.extraBytes = (outputBits & 31) >> 3;

    for (var i = 0; i < 50; ++i) {
      this.s[i] = 0;
    }
  }

  Keccak.prototype.update = function (message) {
    var notString = typeof message !== 'string';
    if (notString && message.constructor === ArrayBuffer) {
      message = new Uint8Array(message);
    }
    var length = message.length, blocks = this.blocks, byteCount = this.byteCount,
      blockCount = this.blockCount, index = 0, s = this.s, i, code;

    while (index < length) {
      if (this.reset) {
        this.reset = false;
        blocks[0] = this.block;
        for (i = 1; i < blockCount + 1; ++i) {
          blocks[i] = 0;
        }
      }
      if (notString) {
        for (i = this.start; index < length && i < byteCount; ++index) {
          blocks[i >> 2] |= message[index] << SHIFT[i++ & 3];
        }
      } else {
        for (i = this.start; index < length && i < byteCount; ++index) {
          code = message.charCodeAt(index);
          if (code < 0x80) {
            blocks[i >> 2] |= code << SHIFT[i++ & 3];
          } else if (code < 0x800) {
            blocks[i >> 2] |= (0xc0 | (code >> 6)) << SHIFT[i++ & 3];
            blocks[i >> 2] |= (0x80 | (code & 0x3f)) << SHIFT[i++ & 3];
          } else if (code < 0xd800 || code >= 0xe000) {
            blocks[i >> 2] |= (0xe0 | (code >> 12)) << SHIFT[i++ & 3];
            blocks[i >> 2] |= (0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3f)) << SHIFT[i++ & 3];
            blocks[i >> 2] |= (0x80 | (code & 0x3f)) << SHIFT[i++ & 3];
          } else {
            code = 0x10000 + (((code & 0x3ff) << 10) | (message.charCodeAt(++index) & 0x3ff));
            blocks[i >> 2] |= (0xf0 | (code >> 18)) << SHIFT[i++ & 3];
            blocks[i >> 2] |= (0x80 | ((code >> 12) & 0x3f)) << SHIFT[i++ & 3];
            blocks[i >> 2] |= (0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3f)) << SHIFT[i++ & 3];
            blocks[i >> 2] |= (0x80 | (code & 0x3f)) << SHIFT[i++ & 3];
          }
        }
      }
      this.lastByteIndex = i;
      if (i >= byteCount) {
        this.start = i - byteCount;
        this.block = blocks[blockCount];
        for (i = 0; i < blockCount; ++i) {
          s[i] ^= blocks[i];
        }
        f(s);
        this.reset = true;
      } else {
        this.start = i;
      }
    }
    return this;
  };

  Keccak.prototype.finalize = function () {
    var blocks = this.blocks, i = this.lastByteIndex, blockCount = this.blockCount, s = this.s;
    blocks[i >> 2] |= this.padding[i & 3];
    if (this.lastByteIndex === this.byteCount) {
      blocks[0] = blocks[blockCount];
      for (i = 1; i < blockCount + 1; ++i) {
        blocks[i] = 0;
      }
    }
    blocks[blockCount - 1] |= 0x80000000;
    for (i = 0; i < blockCount; ++i) {
      s[i] ^= blocks[i];
    }
    f(s);
  };

  Keccak.prototype.toString = Keccak.prototype.hex = function () {
    this.finalize();

    var blockCount = this.blockCount, s = this.s, outputBlocks = this.outputBlocks,
        extraBytes = this.extraBytes, i = 0, j = 0;
    var hex = '', block;
    while (j < outputBlocks) {
      for (i = 0; i < blockCount && j < outputBlocks; ++i, ++j) {
        block = s[i];
        hex += HEX_CHARS[(block >> 4) & 0x0F] + HEX_CHARS[block & 0x0F] +
               HEX_CHARS[(block >> 12) & 0x0F] + HEX_CHARS[(block >> 8) & 0x0F] +
               HEX_CHARS[(block >> 20) & 0x0F] + HEX_CHARS[(block >> 16) & 0x0F] +
               HEX_CHARS[(block >> 28) & 0x0F] + HEX_CHARS[(block >> 24) & 0x0F];
      }
      if (j % blockCount === 0) {
        f(s);
        i = 0;
      }
    }
    if (extraBytes) {
      block = s[i];
      if (extraBytes > 0) {
        hex += HEX_CHARS[(block >> 4) & 0x0F] + HEX_CHARS[block & 0x0F];
      }
      if (extraBytes > 1) {
        hex += HEX_CHARS[(block >> 12) & 0x0F] + HEX_CHARS[(block >> 8) & 0x0F];
      }
      if (extraBytes > 2) {
        hex += HEX_CHARS[(block >> 20) & 0x0F] + HEX_CHARS[(block >> 16) & 0x0F];
      }
    }
    return hex;
  };

  Keccak.prototype.arrayBuffer = function () {
    this.finalize();

    var blockCount = this.blockCount, s = this.s, outputBlocks = this.outputBlocks,
        extraBytes = this.extraBytes, i = 0, j = 0;
    var bytes = this.outputBits >> 3;
    var buffer;
    if (extraBytes) {
      buffer = new ArrayBuffer((outputBlocks + 1) << 2);
    } else {
      buffer = new ArrayBuffer(bytes);
    }
    var array = new Uint32Array(buffer);
    while (j < outputBlocks) {
      for (i = 0; i < blockCount && j < outputBlocks; ++i, ++j) {
        array[j] = s[i];
      }
      if (j % blockCount === 0) {
        f(s);
      }
    }
    if (extraBytes) {
      array[i] = s[i];
      buffer = buffer.slice(0, bytes);
    }
    return buffer;
  };

  Keccak.prototype.buffer = Keccak.prototype.arrayBuffer;

  Keccak.prototype.digest = Keccak.prototype.array = function () {
    this.finalize();

    var blockCount = this.blockCount, s = this.s, outputBlocks = this.outputBlocks,
        extraBytes = this.extraBytes, i = 0, j = 0;
    var array = [], offset, block;
    while (j < outputBlocks) {
      for (i = 0; i < blockCount && j < outputBlocks; ++i, ++j) {
        offset = j << 2;
        block = s[i];
        array[offset] = block & 0xFF;
        array[offset + 1] = (block >> 8) & 0xFF;
        array[offset + 2] = (block >> 16) & 0xFF;
        array[offset + 3] = (block >> 24) & 0xFF;
      }
      if (j % blockCount === 0) {
        f(s);
      }
    }
    if (extraBytes) {
      offset = j << 2;
      block = s[i];
      if (extraBytes > 0) {
        array[offset] = block & 0xFF;
      }
      if (extraBytes > 1) {
        array[offset + 1] = (block >> 8) & 0xFF;
      }
      if (extraBytes > 2) {
        array[offset + 2] = (block >> 16) & 0xFF;
      }
    }
    return array;
  };

  var f = function (s) {
    var h, l, n, c0, c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7, c8, c9,
        b0, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8, b9, b10, b11, b12, b13, b14, b15, b16, b17,
        b18, b19, b20, b21, b22, b23, b24, b25, b26, b27, b28, b29, b30, b31, b32, b33,
        b34, b35, b36, b37, b38, b39, b40, b41, b42, b43, b44, b45, b46, b47, b48, b49;
    for (n = 0; n < 48; n += 2) {
      c0 = s[0] ^ s[10] ^ s[20] ^ s[30] ^ s[40];
      c1 = s[1] ^ s[11] ^ s[21] ^ s[31] ^ s[41];
      c2 = s[2] ^ s[12] ^ s[22] ^ s[32] ^ s[42];
      c3 = s[3] ^ s[13] ^ s[23] ^ s[33] ^ s[43];
      c4 = s[4] ^ s[14] ^ s[24] ^ s[34] ^ s[44];
      c5 = s[5] ^ s[15] ^ s[25] ^ s[35] ^ s[45];
      c6 = s[6] ^ s[16] ^ s[26] ^ s[36] ^ s[46];
      c7 = s[7] ^ s[17] ^ s[27] ^ s[37] ^ s[47];
      c8 = s[8] ^ s[18] ^ s[28] ^ s[38] ^ s[48];
      c9 = s[9] ^ s[19] ^ s[29] ^ s[39] ^ s[49];

      h = c8 ^ ((c2 << 1) | (c3 >>> 31));
      l = c9 ^ ((c3 << 1) | (c2 >>> 31));
      s[0] ^= h;
      s[1] ^= l;
      s[10] ^= h;
      s[11] ^= l;
      s[20] ^= h;
      s[21] ^= l;
      s[30] ^= h;
      s[31] ^= l;
      s[40] ^= h;
      s[41] ^= l;
      h = c0 ^ ((c4 << 1) | (c5 >>> 31));
      l = c1 ^ ((c5 << 1) | (c4 >>> 31));
      s[2] ^= h;
      s[3] ^= l;
      s[12] ^= h;
      s[13] ^= l;
      s[22] ^= h;
      s[23] ^= l;
      s[32] ^= h;
      s[33] ^= l;
      s[42] ^= h;
      s[43] ^= l;
      h = c2 ^ ((c6 << 1) | (c7 >>> 31));
      l = c3 ^ ((c7 << 1) | (c6 >>> 31));
      s[4] ^= h;
      s[5] ^= l;
      s[14] ^= h;
      s[15] ^= l;
      s[24] ^= h;
      s[25] ^= l;
      s[34] ^= h;
      s[35] ^= l;
      s[44] ^= h;
      s[45] ^= l;
      h = c4 ^ ((c8 << 1) | (c9 >>> 31));
      l = c5 ^ ((c9 << 1) | (c8 >>> 31));
      s[6] ^= h;
      s[7] ^= l;
      s[16] ^= h;
      s[17] ^= l;
      s[26] ^= h;
      s[27] ^= l;
      s[36] ^= h;
      s[37] ^= l;
      s[46] ^= h;
      s[47] ^= l;
      h = c6 ^ ((c0 << 1) | (c1 >>> 31));
      l = c7 ^ ((c1 << 1) | (c0 >>> 31));
      s[8] ^= h;
      s[9] ^= l;
      s[18] ^= h;
      s[19] ^= l;
      s[28] ^= h;
      s[29] ^= l;
      s[38] ^= h;
      s[39] ^= l;
      s[48] ^= h;
      s[49] ^= l;

      b0 = s[0];
      b1 = s[1];
      b32 = (s[11] << 4) | (s[10] >>> 28);
      b33 = (s[10] << 4) | (s[11] >>> 28);
      b14 = (s[20] << 3) | (s[21] >>> 29);
      b15 = (s[21] << 3) | (s[20] >>> 29);
      b46 = (s[31] << 9) | (s[30] >>> 23);
      b47 = (s[30] << 9) | (s[31] >>> 23);
      b28 = (s[40] << 18) | (s[41] >>> 14);
      b29 = (s[41] << 18) | (s[40] >>> 14);
      b20 = (s[2] << 1) | (s[3] >>> 31);
      b21 = (s[3] << 1) | (s[2] >>> 31);
      b2 = (s[13] << 12) | (s[12] >>> 20);
      b3 = (s[12] << 12) | (s[13] >>> 20);
      b34 = (s[22] << 10) | (s[23] >>> 22);
      b35 = (s[23] << 10) | (s[22] >>> 22);
      b16 = (s[33] << 13) | (s[32] >>> 19);
      b17 = (s[32] << 13) | (s[33] >>> 19);
      b48 = (s[42] << 2) | (s[43] >>> 30);
      b49 = (s[43] << 2) | (s[42] >>> 30);
      b40 = (s[5] << 30) | (s[4] >>> 2);
      b41 = (s[4] << 30) | (s[5] >>> 2);
      b22 = (s[14] << 6) | (s[15] >>> 26);
      b23 = (s[15] << 6) | (s[14] >>> 26);
      b4 = (s[25] << 11) | (s[24] >>> 21);
      b5 = (s[24] << 11) | (s[25] >>> 21);
      b36 = (s[34] << 15) | (s[35] >>> 17);
      b37 = (s[35] << 15) | (s[34] >>> 17);
      b18 = (s[45] << 29) | (s[44] >>> 3);
      b19 = (s[44] << 29) | (s[45] >>> 3);
      b10 = (s[6] << 28) | (s[7] >>> 4);
      b11 = (s[7] << 28) | (s[6] >>> 4);
      b42 = (s[17] << 23) | (s[16] >>> 9);
      b43 = (s[16] << 23) | (s[17] >>> 9);
      b24 = (s[26] << 25) | (s[27] >>> 7);
      b25 = (s[27] << 25) | (s[26] >>> 7);
      b6 = (s[36] << 21) | (s[37] >>> 11);
      b7 = (s[37] << 21) | (s[36] >>> 11);
      b38 = (s[47] << 24) | (s[46] >>> 8);
      b39 = (s[46] << 24) | (s[47] >>> 8);
      b30 = (s[8] << 27) | (s[9] >>> 5);
      b31 = (s[9] << 27) | (s[8] >>> 5);
      b12 = (s[18] << 20) | (s[19] >>> 12);
      b13 = (s[19] << 20) | (s[18] >>> 12);
      b44 = (s[29] << 7) | (s[28] >>> 25);
      b45 = (s[28] << 7) | (s[29] >>> 25);
      b26 = (s[38] << 8) | (s[39] >>> 24);
      b27 = (s[39] << 8) | (s[38] >>> 24);
      b8 = (s[48] << 14) | (s[49] >>> 18);
      b9 = (s[49] << 14) | (s[48] >>> 18);

      s[0] = b0 ^ (~b2 & b4);
      s[1] = b1 ^ (~b3 & b5);
      s[10] = b10 ^ (~b12 & b14);
      s[11] = b11 ^ (~b13 & b15);
      s[20] = b20 ^ (~b22 & b24);
      s[21] = b21 ^ (~b23 & b25);
      s[30] = b30 ^ (~b32 & b34);
      s[31] = b31 ^ (~b33 & b35);
      s[40] = b40 ^ (~b42 & b44);
      s[41] = b41 ^ (~b43 & b45);
      s[2] = b2 ^ (~b4 & b6);
      s[3] = b3 ^ (~b5 & b7);
      s[12] = b12 ^ (~b14 & b16);
      s[13] = b13 ^ (~b15 & b17);
      s[22] = b22 ^ (~b24 & b26);
      s[23] = b23 ^ (~b25 & b27);
      s[32] = b32 ^ (~b34 & b36);
      s[33] = b33 ^ (~b35 & b37);
      s[42] = b42 ^ (~b44 & b46);
      s[43] = b43 ^ (~b45 & b47);
      s[4] = b4 ^ (~b6 & b8);
      s[5] = b5 ^ (~b7 & b9);
      s[14] = b14 ^ (~b16 & b18);
      s[15] = b15 ^ (~b17 & b19);
      s[24] = b24 ^ (~b26 & b28);
      s[25] = b25 ^ (~b27 & b29);
      s[34] = b34 ^ (~b36 & b38);
      s[35] = b35 ^ (~b37 & b39);
      s[44] = b44 ^ (~b46 & b48);
      s[45] = b45 ^ (~b47 & b49);
      s[6] = b6 ^ (~b8 & b0);
      s[7] = b7 ^ (~b9 & b1);
      s[16] = b16 ^ (~b18 & b10);
      s[17] = b17 ^ (~b19 & b11);
      s[26] = b26 ^ (~b28 & b20);
      s[27] = b27 ^ (~b29 & b21);
      s[36] = b36 ^ (~b38 & b30);
      s[37] = b37 ^ (~b39 & b31);
      s[46] = b46 ^ (~b48 & b40);
      s[47] = b47 ^ (~b49 & b41);
      s[8] = b8 ^ (~b0 & b2);
      s[9] = b9 ^ (~b1 & b3);
      s[18] = b18 ^ (~b10 & b12);
      s[19] = b19 ^ (~b11 & b13);
      s[28] = b28 ^ (~b20 & b22);
      s[29] = b29 ^ (~b21 & b23);
      s[38] = b38 ^ (~b30 & b32);
      s[39] = b39 ^ (~b31 & b33);
      s[48] = b48 ^ (~b40 & b42);
      s[49] = b49 ^ (~b41 & b43);

      s[0] ^= RC[n];
      s[1] ^= RC[n + 1];
    }
  };

  if (COMMON_JS) {
    module.exports = methods;
  } else {
    for (var i = 0; i < methodNames.length; ++i) {
      root[methodNames[i]] = methods[methodNames[i]];
    }
  }
})();

}).call(this,require('_process'),typeof global !== "undefined" ? global : typeof self !== "undefined" ? self : typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : {})
},{"_process":7}],7:[function(require,module,exports){
// shim for using process in browser
var process = module.exports = {};

// cached from whatever global is present so that test runners that stub it
// don't break things.  But we need to wrap it in a try catch in case it is
// wrapped in strict mode code which doesn't define any globals.  It's inside a
// function because try/catches deoptimize in certain engines.

var cachedSetTimeout;
var cachedClearTimeout;

function defaultSetTimout() {
    throw new Error('setTimeout has not been defined');
}
function defaultClearTimeout () {
    throw new Error('clearTimeout has not been defined');
}
(function () {
    try {
        if (typeof setTimeout === 'function') {
            cachedSetTimeout = setTimeout;
        } else {
            cachedSetTimeout = defaultSetTimout;
        }
    } catch (e) {
        cachedSetTimeout = defaultSetTimout;
    }
    try {
        if (typeof clearTimeout === 'function') {
            cachedClearTimeout = clearTimeout;
        } else {
            cachedClearTimeout = defaultClearTimeout;
        }
    } catch (e) {
        cachedClearTimeout = defaultClearTimeout;
    }
} ())
function runTimeout(fun) {
    if (cachedSetTimeout === setTimeout) {
        //normal enviroments in sane situations
        return setTimeout(fun, 0);
    }
    // if setTimeout wasn't available but was latter defined
    if ((cachedSetTimeout === defaultSetTimout || !cachedSetTimeout) && setTimeout) {
        cachedSetTimeout = setTimeout;
        return setTimeout(fun, 0);
    }
    try {
        // when when somebody has screwed with setTimeout but no I.E. maddness
        return cachedSetTimeout(fun, 0);
    } catch(e){
        try {
            // When we are in I.E. but the script has been evaled so I.E. doesn't trust the global object when called normally
            return cachedSetTimeout.call(null, fun, 0);
        } catch(e){
            // same as above but when it's a version of I.E. that must have the global object for 'this', hopfully our context correct otherwise it will throw a global error
            return cachedSetTimeout.call(this, fun, 0);
        }
    }


}
function runClearTimeout(marker) {
    if (cachedClearTimeout === clearTimeout) {
        //normal enviroments in sane situations
        return clearTimeout(marker);
    }
    // if clearTimeout wasn't available but was latter defined
    if ((cachedClearTimeout === defaultClearTimeout || !cachedClearTimeout) && clearTimeout) {
        cachedClearTimeout = clearTimeout;
        return clearTimeout(marker);
    }
    try {
        // when when somebody has screwed with setTimeout but no I.E. maddness
        return cachedClearTimeout(marker);
    } catch (e){
        try {
            // When we are in I.E. but the script has been evaled so I.E. doesn't  trust the global object when called normally
            return cachedClearTimeout.call(null, marker);
        } catch (e){
            // same as above but when it's a version of I.E. that must have the global object for 'this', hopfully our context correct otherwise it will throw a global error.
            // Some versions of I.E. have different rules for clearTimeout vs setTimeout
            return cachedClearTimeout.call(this, marker);
        }
    }



}
var queue = [];
var draining = false;
var currentQueue;
var queueIndex = -1;

function cleanUpNextTick() {
    if (!draining || !currentQueue) {
        return;
    }
    draining = false;
    if (currentQueue.length) {
        queue = currentQueue.concat(queue);
    } else {
        queueIndex = -1;
    }
    if (queue.length) {
        drainQueue();
    }
}

function drainQueue() {
    if (draining) {
        return;
    }
    var timeout = runTimeout(cleanUpNextTick);
    draining = true;

    var len = queue.length;
    while(len) {
        currentQueue = queue;
        queue = [];
        while (++queueIndex < len) {
            if (currentQueue) {
                currentQueue[queueIndex].run();
            }
        }
        queueIndex = -1;
        len = queue.length;
    }
    currentQueue = null;
    draining = false;
    runClearTimeout(timeout);
}

process.nextTick = function (fun) {
    var args = new Array(arguments.length - 1);
    if (arguments.length > 1) {
        for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {
            args[i - 1] = arguments[i];
        }
    }
    queue.push(new Item(fun, args));
    if (queue.length === 1 && !draining) {
        runTimeout(drainQueue);
    }
};

// v8 likes predictible objects
function Item(fun, array) {
    this.fun = fun;
    this.array = array;
}
Item.prototype.run = function () {
    this.fun.apply(null, this.array);
};
process.title = 'browser';
process.browser = true;
process.env = {};
process.argv = [];
process.version = ''; // empty string to avoid regexp issues
process.versions = {};

function noop() {}

process.on = noop;
process.addListener = noop;
process.once = noop;
process.off = noop;
process.removeListener = noop;
process.removeAllListeners = noop;
process.emit = noop;
process.prependListener = noop;
process.prependOnceListener = noop;

process.listeners = function (name) { return [] }

process.binding = function (name) {
    throw new Error('process.binding is not supported');
};

process.cwd = function () { return '/' };
process.chdir = function (dir) {
    throw new Error('process.chdir is not supported');
};
process.umask = function() { return 0; };

},{}],8:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// See: https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Ethereum-Contract-ABI

var utils = (function() {
    var convert = require('../utils/convert.js');
    var utf8 = require('../utils/utf8.js');

    return {
        defineProperty: require('../utils/properties.js').defineProperty,

        arrayify: convert.arrayify,
        padZeros: convert.padZeros,

        bigNumberify: require('../utils/bignumber.js').bigNumberify,

        getAddress: require('../utils/address').getAddress,

        concat: convert.concat,

        toUtf8Bytes: utf8.toUtf8Bytes,
        toUtf8String: utf8.toUtf8String,

        hexlify: convert.hexlify,
    };
})();

var errors = require('./errors');

var paramTypeBytes = new RegExp(/^bytes([0-9]*)$/);
var paramTypeNumber = new RegExp(/^(u?int)([0-9]*)$/);
var paramTypeArray = new RegExp(/^(.*)\[([0-9]*)\]$/);

var defaultCoerceFunc = function(type, value) {
    var match = type.match(paramTypeNumber)
    if (match && parseInt(match[2]) <= 48) { return value.toNumber(); }
    return value;
}


///////////////////////////////////
// Parsing for Solidity Signatures

var regexParen = new RegExp("^([^)(]*)\\((.*)\\)([^)(]*)$");
var regexIdentifier = new RegExp("^[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*$");

var close = { "(": ")", "[": "]" };

function verifyType(type) {

    // These need to be transformed to their full description
    if (type.match(/^uint($|[^1-9])/)) {
        type = 'uint256' + type.substring(4);
    } else if (type.match(/^int($|[^1-9])/)) {
        type = 'int256' + type.substring(3);
    }

    return type;
}

function parseParam(param, allowIndexed) {
    function throwError(i) {
        throw new Error('unexpected character "' + param[i] + '" at position ' + i + ' in "' + param + '"');
    }

    var parent = { type: '', name: '', state: { allowType: true } };
    var node = parent;

    for (var i = 0; i < param.length; i++) {
        var c = param[i];
        switch (c) {
            case '(':
                if (!node.state.allowParams) { throwError(i); }
                delete node.state.allowType;
                node.type = verifyType(node.type);
                node.components = [ { type: '', name: '', parent: node, state: { allowType: true } } ];
                node = node.components[0];
                break;

            case ')':
                delete node.state;
                node.type = verifyType(node.type);

                var child = node;
                node = node.parent;
                if (!node) { throwError(i); }
                delete child.parent;
                delete node.state.allowParams;
                node.state.allowName = true;
                node.state.allowArray = true;
                break;

            case ',':
                delete node.state;
                node.type = verifyType(node.type);

                var sibling = { type: '', name: '', parent: node.parent, state: { allowType: true } };
                node.parent.components.push(sibling);
                delete node.parent;
                node = sibling;
                break;

            // Hit a space...
            case ' ':

                // If reading type, the type is done and may read a param or name
                if (node.state.allowType) {
                    if (node.type !== '') {
                        node.type = verifyType(node.type);
                        delete node.state.allowType;
                        node.state.allowName = true;
                        node.state.allowParams = true;
                    }
                }

                // If reading name, the name is done
                if (node.state.allowName) {
                    if (node.name !== '') {
                        if (allowIndexed && node.name === 'indexed') {
                            node.indexed = true;
                            node.name = '';
                        } else {
                            delete node.state.allowName;
                        }
                    }
                }

                break;

            case '[':
                if (!node.state.allowArray) { throwError(i); }

                //if (!node.array) { node.array = ''; }
                //node.array += c;
                node.type += c;

                delete node.state.allowArray;
                delete node.state.allowName;
                node.state.readArray = true;
                break;

            case ']':
                if (!node.state.readArray) { throwError(i); }

                //node.array += c;
                node.type += c;

                delete node.state.readArray;
                node.state.allowArray = true;
                node.state.allowName = true;
                break;

            default:
                if (node.state.allowType) {
                    node.type += c;
                    node.state.allowParams = true;
                    node.state.allowArray = true;
                } else if (node.state.allowName) {
                    node.name += c;
                    delete node.state.allowArray;
                } else if (node.state.readArray) {
                    //node.array += c;
                    node.type += c;
                } else {
                    throwError(i);
                }
        }
    }

    if (node.parent) { throw new Error("unexpected eof"); }

    delete parent.state;
    parent.type = verifyType(parent.type);

    //verifyType(parent);

    return parent;
}

function parseSignatureEvent(fragment) {

    var abi = {
        anonymous: false,
        inputs: [],
        type: 'event'
    }

    var match = fragment.match(regexParen);
    if (!match) { throw new Error('invalid event: ' + fragment); }

    abi.name = match[1].trim();

    splitNesting(match[2]).forEach(function(param) {
        param = parseParam(param, true);
        param.indexed = !!param.indexed;
        abi.inputs.push(param);
    });

    match[3].split(' ').forEach(function(modifier) {
        switch(modifier) {
            case 'anonymous':
                abi.anonymous = true;
                break;
            case '':
                break;
            default:
                console.log('unknown modifier: ' + mdifier);
        }
    });

    if (abi.name && !abi.name.match(regexIdentifier)) {
        throw new Error('invalid identifier: "' + result.name + '"');
    }

    return abi;
}

function parseSignatureFunction(fragment) {
    var abi = {
        constant: false,
        inputs: [],
        outputs: [],
        payable: false,
        type: 'function'
    };

    var comps = fragment.split(' returns ');
    var left = comps[0].match(regexParen);
    if (!left) { throw new Error('invalid signature'); }

    abi.name = left[1].trim();
    if (!abi.name.match(regexIdentifier)) {
        throw new Error('invalid identifier: "' + left[1] + '"');
    }

    splitNesting(left[2]).forEach(function(param) {
        abi.inputs.push(parseParam(param));
    });

    left[3].split(' ').forEach(function(modifier) {
        switch (modifier) {
            case 'constant':
                abi.constant = true;
                break;
            case 'payable':
                abi.payable = true;
                break;
            case 'pure':
                abi.constant = true;
                abi.stateMutability = 'pure';
                break;
            case 'view':
                abi.constant = true;
                abi.stateMutability = 'view';
                break;
            case '':
                break;
            default:
                console.log('unknown modifier: ' + modifier);
        }
    });

    // We have outputs
    if (comps.length > 1) {
        var right = comps[1].match(regexParen);
        if (right[1].trim() != '' || right[3].trim() != '') {
            throw new Error('unexpected tokens');
        }

        splitNesting(right[2]).forEach(function(param) {
            abi.outputs.push(parseParam(param));
        });
    }

    return abi;
}


function parseSignature(fragment) {
    if(typeof(fragment) === 'string') {
        // Make sure the "returns" is surrounded by a space and all whitespace is exactly one space
        fragment = fragment.replace(/\(/g, ' (').replace(/\)/g, ') ').replace(/\s+/g, ' ');
        fragment = fragment.trim();

        if (fragment.substring(0, 6) === 'event ') {
           return parseSignatureEvent(fragment.substring(6).trim());

        } else {
            if (fragment.substring(0, 9) === 'function ') {
                fragment = fragment.substring(9);
            }
            return parseSignatureFunction(fragment.trim());
        }
    }

    throw new Error('unknown fragment');
}


///////////////////////////////////
// Coders

var coderNull = function(coerceFunc) {
    return {
        name: 'null',
        type: '',
        encode: function(value) {
            return utils.arrayify([]);
        },
        decode: function(data, offset) {
            if (offset > data.length) { throw new Error('invalid null'); }
            return {
                consumed: 0,
                value: coerceFunc('null', undefined)
            }
        },
        dynamic: false
    };
}

var coderNumber = function(coerceFunc, size, signed, localName) {
    var name = ((signed ? 'int': 'uint') + (size * 8));
    return {
        localName: localName,
        name: name,
        type: name,
        encode: function(value) {
            try {
                value = utils.bigNumberify(value)
            } catch (error) {
                errors.throwError('invalid number value', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
                    arg: localName,
                    type: typeof(value),
                    value: value
                });
            }
            value = value.toTwos(size * 8).maskn(size * 8);
            //value = value.toTwos(size * 8).maskn(size * 8);
            if (signed) {
                value = value.fromTwos(size * 8).toTwos(256);
            }
            return utils.padZeros(utils.arrayify(value), 32);
        },
        decode: function(data, offset) {
            if (data.length < offset + 32) {
                errors.throwError('insufficient data for ' + name + ' type', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
                    arg: localName,
                    coderType: name,
                    value: utils.hexlify(data.slice(offset, offset + 32))
                });
            }
            var junkLength = 32 - size;
            var value = utils.bigNumberify(data.slice(offset + junkLength, offset + 32));
            if (signed) {
                value = value.fromTwos(size * 8);
            } else {
                value = value.maskn(size * 8);
            }

            //if (size <= 6) { value = value.toNumber(); }

            return {
                consumed: 32,
                value: coerceFunc(name, value),
            }
        }
    };
}
var uint256Coder = coderNumber(function(type, value) { return value; }, 32, false);

var coderBoolean = function(coerceFunc, localName) {
    return {
        localName: localName,
        name: 'bool',
        type: 'bool',
        encode: function(value) {
           return uint256Coder.encode(!!value ? 1: 0);
        },
       decode: function(data, offset) {
            try {
                var result = uint256Coder.decode(data, offset);
            } catch (error) {
                if (error.reason === 'insufficient data for uint256 type') {
                    errors.throwError('insufficient data for boolean type', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
                        arg: localName,
                        coderType: 'boolean',
                        value: error.value
                    });
                }
                throw error;
            }
            return {
                consumed: result.consumed,
                value: coerceFunc('boolean', !result.value.isZero())
            }
        }
    }
}

var coderFixedBytes = function(coerceFunc, length, localName) {
    var name = ('bytes' + length);
    return {
        localName: localName,
        name: name,
        type: name,
        encode: function(value) {
            try {
                value = utils.arrayify(value);
            } catch (error) {
                errors.throwError('invalid ' + name + ' value', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
                    arg: localName,
                    type: typeof(value),
                    value: error.value
                });
            }
            if (length === 32) { return value; }

            var result = new Uint8Array(32);
            result.set(value);
            return result;
        },
        decode: function(data, offset) {
            if (data.length < offset + 32) {
                errors.throwError('insufficient data for ' + name + ' type', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
                    arg: localName,
                    coderType: name,
                    value: utils.hexlify(data.slice(offset, offset + 32))
                });
            }

            return {
                consumed: 32,
                value: coerceFunc(name, utils.hexlify(data.slice(offset, offset + length)))
            }
        }
    };
}

var coderAddress = function(coerceFunc, localName) {
    return {
        localName: localName,
        name: 'address',
        type: 'address',
        encode: function(value) {
            try {
                value = utils.arrayify(utils.getAddress(value));
            } catch (error) {
                errors.throwError('invalid address', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
                    arg: localName,
                    type: typeof(value),
                    value: value
                });
            }
            var result = new Uint8Array(32);
            result.set(value, 12);
            return result;
        },
        decode: function(data, offset) {
            if (data.length < offset + 32) {
                errors.throwError('insufficuent data for address type', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
                    arg: localName,
                    coderType: 'address',
                    value: utils.hexlify(data.slice(offset, offset + 32))
                });
            }
            return {
                consumed: 32,
                value: coerceFunc('address', utils.getAddress(utils.hexlify(data.slice(offset + 12, offset + 32))))
           }
        }
    }
}

function _encodeDynamicBytes(value) {
    var dataLength = parseInt(32 * Math.ceil(value.length / 32));
    var padding = new Uint8Array(dataLength - value.length);

    return utils.concat([
        uint256Coder.encode(value.length),
        value,
        padding
    ]);
}

function _decodeDynamicBytes(data, offset, localName) {
    if (data.length < offset + 32) {
        errors.throwError('insufficient data for dynamicBytes length', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
            arg: localName,
            coderType: 'dynamicBytes',
            value: utils.hexlify(data.slice(offset, offset + 32))
        });
    }

    var length = uint256Coder.decode(data, offset).value;
    try {
        length = length.toNumber();
    } catch (error) {
        errors.throwError('dynamic bytes count too large', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
            arg: localName,
            coderType: 'dynamicBytes',
            value: length.toString()
        });
    }

    if (data.length < offset + 32 + length) {
        errors.throwError('insufficient data for dynamicBytes type', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
            arg: localName,
            coderType: 'dynamicBytes',
            value: utils.hexlify(data.slice(offset, offset + 32 + length))
        });
    }

    return {
        consumed: parseInt(32 + 32 * Math.ceil(length / 32)),
        value: data.slice(offset + 32, offset + 32 + length),
    }
}

var coderDynamicBytes = function(coerceFunc, localName) {
    return {
        localName: localName,
        name: 'bytes',
        type: 'bytes',
        encode: function(value) {
            try {
                value = utils.arrayify(value);
            } catch (error) {
                errors.throwError('invalid bytes value', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
                    arg: localName,
                    type: typeof(value),
                    value: error.value
                });
            }
            return _encodeDynamicBytes(value);
        },
        decode: function(data, offset) {
            var result = _decodeDynamicBytes(data, offset, localName);
            result.value = coerceFunc('bytes', utils.hexlify(result.value));
            return result;
        },
        dynamic: true
    };
}

var coderString = function(coerceFunc, localName) {
    return {
        localName: localName,
        name: 'string',
        type: 'string',
        encode: function(value) {
            if (typeof(value) !== 'string') {
                errors.throwError('invalid string value', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
                    arg: localName,
                    type: typeof(value),
                    value: value
                });
            }
            return _encodeDynamicBytes(utils.toUtf8Bytes(value));
        },
        decode: function(data, offset) {
            var result = _decodeDynamicBytes(data, offset, localName);
            result.value = coerceFunc('string', utils.toUtf8String(result.value));
            return result;
        },
        dynamic: true
    };
}

function alignSize(size) {
    return parseInt(32 * Math.ceil(size / 32));
}

function pack(coders, values) {

    if (Array.isArray(values)) {
       // do nothing

    } else if (values && typeof(values) === 'object') {
        var arrayValues = [];
        coders.forEach(function(coder) {
            arrayValues.push(values[coder.localName]);
        });
        values = arrayValues;

    } else {
        errors.throwError('invalid tuple value', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
            coderType: 'tuple',
            type: typeof(values),
            value: values
        });
    }

    if (coders.length !== values.length) {
        errors.throwError('types/value length mismatch', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
            coderType: 'tuple',
            value: values
        });
    }

    var parts = [];

    coders.forEach(function(coder, index) {
        parts.push({ dynamic: coder.dynamic, value: coder.encode(values[index]) });
    });

    var staticSize = 0, dynamicSize = 0;
    parts.forEach(function(part, index) {
        if (part.dynamic) {
            staticSize += 32;
            dynamicSize += alignSize(part.value.length);
        } else {
            staticSize += alignSize(part.value.length);
        }
    });

    var offset = 0, dynamicOffset = staticSize;
    var data = new Uint8Array(staticSize + dynamicSize);

    parts.forEach(function(part, index) {
        if (part.dynamic) {
            //uint256Coder.encode(dynamicOffset).copy(data, offset);
            data.set(uint256Coder.encode(dynamicOffset), offset);
            offset += 32;

            //part.value.copy(data, dynamicOffset);  @TODO
            data.set(part.value, dynamicOffset);
            dynamicOffset += alignSize(part.value.length);
        } else {
            //part.value.copy(data, offset);  @TODO
            data.set(part.value, offset);
            offset += alignSize(part.value.length);
        }
    });

    return data;
}

function unpack(coders, data, offset) {
    var baseOffset = offset;
    var consumed = 0;
    var value = [];
    coders.forEach(function(coder) {
        if (coder.dynamic) {
            var dynamicOffset = uint256Coder.decode(data, offset);
            var result = coder.decode(data, baseOffset + dynamicOffset.value.toNumber());
            // The dynamic part is leap-frogged somewhere else; doesn't count towards size
            result.consumed = dynamicOffset.consumed;
        } else {
            var result = coder.decode(data, offset);
        }

        if (result.value != undefined) {
            value.push(result.value);
        }

        offset += result.consumed;
        consumed += result.consumed;
    });

    coders.forEach(function(coder, index) {
        var name = coder.localName;
        if (!name) { return; }

        if (typeof(name) === 'object') { name = name.name; }
        if (!name) { return; }

        if (name === 'length') { name = '_length'; }

        if (value[name] != null) { return; }

        value[name] = value[index];
    });

    return {
        value: value,
        consumed: consumed
    }

    return result;
}

function coderArray(coerceFunc, coder, length, localName) {
    var type = (coder.type + '[' + (length >= 0 ? length: '') + ']');

    return {
        coder: coder,
        localName: localName,
        length: length,
        name: 'array',
        type: type,
        encode: function(value) {
            if (!Array.isArray(value)) {
                errors.throwError('expected array value', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
                    arg: localName,
                    coderType: 'array',
                    type: typeof(value),
                    value: value
                });
            }

            var count = length;

            var result = new Uint8Array(0);
            if (count === -1) {
                count = value.length;
                result = uint256Coder.encode(count);
            }

            if (count !== value.length) {
                error.throwError('array value length mismatch', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
                    arg: localName,
                    coderType: 'array',
                    count: value.length,
                    expectedCount: count,
                    value: value
                });
            }

            var coders = [];
            value.forEach(function(value) { coders.push(coder); });

            return utils.concat([result, pack(coders, value)]);
        },
        decode: function(data, offset) {
            // @TODO:
            //if (data.length < offset + length * 32) { throw new Error('invalid array'); }

            var consumed = 0;

            var count = length;

            if (count === -1) {
                 try {
                      var decodedLength = uint256Coder.decode(data, offset);
                 } catch (error) {
                     errors.throwError('insufficient data for dynamic array length', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
                         arg: localName,
                         coderType: 'array',
                         value: error.value
                     });
                 }
                 try {
                     count = decodedLength.value.toNumber();
                 } catch (error) {
                     errors.throwError('array count too large', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
                         arg: localName,
                         coderType: 'array',
                         value: decodedLength.value.toString()
                     });
                 }
                 consumed += decodedLength.consumed;
                 offset += decodedLength.consumed;
            }

            var coders = [];
            for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) { coders.push(coder); }

            var result = unpack(coders, data, offset);
            result.consumed += consumed;
            result.value = coerceFunc(type, result.value);
            return result;
        },
        dynamic: (length === -1 || coder.dynamic)
    }
}


function coderTuple(coerceFunc, coders, localName) {

    var dynamic = false;
    var types = [];
    coders.forEach(function(coder) {
        if (coder.dynamic) { dynamic = true; }
        types.push(coder.type);
    });

    var type = ('tuple(' + types.join(',') + ')');

    return {
        coders: coders,
        localName: localName,
        name: 'tuple',
        type: type,
        encode: function(value) {
            return pack(coders, value);
        },
        decode: function(data, offset) {
            var result = unpack(coders, data, offset);
            result.value = coerceFunc(type, result.value);
            return result;
        },
        dynamic: dynamic
    };
}
/*
function getTypes(coders) {
    var type = coderTuple(coders).type;
    return type.substring(6, type.length - 1);
}
*/
function splitNesting(value) {
    var result = [];
    var accum = '';
    var depth = 0;
    for (var offset = 0; offset < value.length; offset++) {
        var c = value[offset];
        if (c === ',' && depth === 0) {
            result.push(accum);
            accum = '';
        } else {
            accum += c;
            if (c === '(') {
                depth++;
            } else if (c === ')') {
                depth--;
                if (depth === -1) {
                    throw new Error('unbalanced parenthsis');
                }
            }
        }
    }
    result.push(accum);

    return result;
}

var paramTypeSimple = {
    address: coderAddress,
    bool: coderBoolean,
    string: coderString,
    bytes: coderDynamicBytes,
};

function getTupleParamCoder(coerceFunc, components, localName) {
    if (!components) { components = []; }
    var coders = [];
    components.forEach(function(component) {
        coders.push(getParamCoder(coerceFunc, component));
    });

    return coderTuple(coerceFunc, coders, localName);
}

function getParamCoder(coerceFunc, param) {
    var coder = paramTypeSimple[param.type];
    if (coder) { return coder(coerceFunc, param.name); }

    var match = param.type.match(paramTypeNumber);
    if (match) {
        var size = parseInt(match[2] || 256);
        if (size === 0 || size > 256 || (size % 8) !== 0) {
            errors.throwError('invalid ' + match[1] + ' bit length', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
                arg: 'param',
                value: param
            });
        }
        return coderNumber(coerceFunc, size / 8, (match[1] === 'int'), param.name);
    }

    var match = param.type.match(paramTypeBytes);
    if (match) {
        var size = parseInt(match[1]);
        if (size === 0 || size > 32) {
            errors.throwError('invalid bytes length', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
                arg: 'param',
                value: param
            });
        }
        return coderFixedBytes(coerceFunc, size, param.name);
    }

    var match = param.type.match(paramTypeArray);
    if (match) {
        var size = parseInt(match[2] || -1);
        param.type = match[1];
        return coderArray(coerceFunc, getParamCoder(coerceFunc, param), size, param.name);
    }

    if (param.type.substring(0, 5) === 'tuple') {
        return getTupleParamCoder(coerceFunc, param.components, param.name);
    }

    if (type === '') {
        return coderNull(coerceFunc);
    }

    errors.throwError('invalid type', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
        arg: 'type',
        value: type
    });
}

function Coder(coerceFunc) {
    if (!(this instanceof Coder)) { throw new Error('missing new'); }
    if (!coerceFunc) { coerceFunc = defaultCoerceFunc; }
    utils.defineProperty(this, 'coerceFunc', coerceFunc);
}

// Legacy name support
// @TODO: In the next major version, remove names from decode/encode and don't do this
function populateNames(type, name) {
    if (!name) { return; }

    if (type.type.substring(0, 5) === 'tuple' && typeof(name) !== 'string') {
        if (type.components.length != name.names.length) {
            errors.throwError('names/types length mismatch', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
                count: { names: name.names.length, types: type.components.length },
                value: { names: name.names, types: type.components }
            });
        }

        name.names.forEach(function(name, index) {
            populateNames(type.components[index], name);
        });

        name = (name.name || '');
    }

    if (!type.name && typeof(name) === 'string') {
        type.name = name;
    }
}

utils.defineProperty(Coder.prototype, 'encode', function(names, types, values) {

    // Names is optional, so shift over all the parameters if not provided
    if (arguments.length < 3) {
        values = types;
        types = names;
        names = [];
    }

    if (types.length !== values.length) {
        errors.throwError('types/values length mismatch', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
            count: { types: types.length, values: values.length },
            value: { types: types, values: values }
        });
    }

    var coders = [];
    types.forEach(function(type, index) {
        // Convert types to type objects
        //   - "uint foo" => { type: "uint", name: "foo" }
        //   - "tuple(uint, uint)" => { type: "tuple", components: [ { type: "uint" }, { type: "uint" }, ] }
        if (typeof(type) === 'string') {
            type = parseParam(type);
        }

        // Legacy support for passing in names (this is going away in the next major version)
        populateNames(type, names[index]);

        coders.push(getParamCoder(this.coerceFunc, type));
    }, this);

    return utils.hexlify(coderTuple(this.coerceFunc, coders).encode(values));
});

utils.defineProperty(Coder.prototype, 'decode', function(names, types, data) {

    // Names is optional, so shift over all the parameters if not provided
    if (arguments.length < 3) {
        data = types;
        types = names;
        names = [];
    }

    data = utils.arrayify(data);

    var coders = [];
    types.forEach(function(type, index) {

        // See encode for details
        if (typeof(type) === 'string') {
            type = parseParam(type);
        }

        // Legacy; going away in the next major version
        populateNames(type, names[index]);

        coders.push(getParamCoder(this.coerceFunc, type));
    }, this);

    return coderTuple(this.coerceFunc, coders).decode(data, 0).value;

});

utils.defineProperty(Coder, 'defaultCoder', new Coder());

utils.defineProperty(Coder, 'parseSignature', parseSignature);


module.exports = Coder

},{"../utils/address":9,"../utils/bignumber.js":10,"../utils/convert.js":11,"../utils/properties.js":14,"../utils/utf8.js":16,"./errors":12}],9:[function(require,module,exports){

var BN = require('bn.js');

var convert = require('./convert');
var throwError = require('./throw-error');
var keccak256 = require('./keccak256');

function getChecksumAddress(address) {
    if (typeof(address) !== 'string' || !address.match(/^0x[0-9A-Fa-f]{40}$/)) {
        throwError('invalid address', {input: address});
    }

    address = address.toLowerCase();

    var hashed = address.substring(2).split('');
    for (var i = 0; i < hashed.length; i++) {
        hashed[i] = hashed[i].charCodeAt(0);
    }
    hashed = convert.arrayify(keccak256(hashed));

    address = address.substring(2).split('');
    for (var i = 0; i < 40; i += 2) {
        if ((hashed[i >> 1] >> 4) >= 8) {
            address[i] = address[i].toUpperCase();
        }
        if ((hashed[i >> 1] & 0x0f) >= 8) {
            address[i + 1] = address[i + 1].toUpperCase();
        }
    }

    return '0x' + address.join('');
}

// Shims for environments that are missing some required constants and functions
var MAX_SAFE_INTEGER = 0x1fffffffffffff;

function log10(x) {
    if (Math.log10) { return Math.log10(x); }
    return Math.log(x) / Math.LN10;
}


// See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Bank_Account_Number
var ibanChecksum = (function() {

    // Create lookup table
    var ibanLookup = {};
    for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) { ibanLookup[String(i)] = String(i); }
    for (var i = 0; i < 26; i++) { ibanLookup[String.fromCharCode(65 + i)] = String(10 + i); }

    // How many decimal digits can we process? (for 64-bit float, this is 15)
    var safeDigits = Math.floor(log10(MAX_SAFE_INTEGER));

    return function(address) {
        address = address.toUpperCase();
        address = address.substring(4) + address.substring(0, 2) + '00';

        var expanded = address.split('');
        for (var i = 0; i < expanded.length; i++) {
            expanded[i] = ibanLookup[expanded[i]];
        }
        expanded = expanded.join('');

        // Javascript can handle integers safely up to 15 (decimal) digits
        while (expanded.length >= safeDigits){
            var block = expanded.substring(0, safeDigits);
            expanded = parseInt(block, 10) % 97 + expanded.substring(block.length);
        }

        var checksum = String(98 - (parseInt(expanded, 10) % 97));
        while (checksum.length < 2) { checksum = '0' + checksum; }

        return checksum;
    };
})();

function getAddress(address, icapFormat) {
    var result = null;

    if (typeof(address) !== 'string') {
        throwError('invalid address', {input: address});
    }

    if (address.match(/^(0x)?[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$/)) {

        // Missing the 0x prefix
        if (address.substring(0, 2) !== '0x') { address = '0x' + address; }

        result = getChecksumAddress(address);

        // It is a checksummed address with a bad checksum
        if (address.match(/([A-F].*[a-f])|([a-f].*[A-F])/) && result !== address) {
            throwError('invalid address checksum', { input: address, expected: result });
        }

    // Maybe ICAP? (we only support direct mode)
    } else if (address.match(/^XE[0-9]{2}[0-9A-Za-z]{30,31}$/)) {

        // It is an ICAP address with a bad checksum
        if (address.substring(2, 4) !== ibanChecksum(address)) {
            throwError('invalid address icap checksum', { input: address });
        }

        result = (new BN(address.substring(4), 36)).toString(16);
        while (result.length < 40) { result = '0' + result; }
        result = getChecksumAddress('0x' + result);

    } else {
        throwError('invalid address', { input: address });
    }

    if (icapFormat) {
        var base36 = (new BN(result.substring(2), 16)).toString(36).toUpperCase();
        while (base36.length < 30) { base36 = '0' + base36; }
        return 'XE' + ibanChecksum('XE00' + base36) + base36;
    }

    return result;
}


module.exports = {
    getAddress: getAddress,
}

},{"./convert":11,"./keccak256":13,"./throw-error":15,"bn.js":4}],10:[function(require,module,exports){
/**
 *  BigNumber
 *
 *  A wrapper around the BN.js object. In the future we can swap out
 *  the underlying BN.js library for something smaller.
 */

var BN = require('bn.js');

var defineProperty = require('./properties').defineProperty;
var convert = require('./convert');
var throwError = require('./throw-error');

function BigNumber(value) {
    if (!(this instanceof BigNumber)) { throw new Error('missing new'); }

    if (convert.isHexString(value)) {
        if (value == '0x') { value = '0x0'; }
        value = new BN(value.substring(2), 16);
    } else if (typeof(value) === 'string' && value[0] === '-' && convert.isHexString(value.substring(1))) {
        value = (new BN(value.substring(3), 16)).mul(BigNumber.constantNegativeOne._bn);

    } else if (typeof(value) === 'string' && value.match(/^-?[0-9]*$/)) {
        if (value == '') { value = '0'; }
        value = new BN(value);

    } else if (typeof(value) === 'number' && parseInt(value) == value) {
        value = new BN(value);

    } else if (BN.isBN(value)) {
        //value = value

    } else if (isBigNumber(value)) {
        value = value._bn;

    } else if (convert.isArrayish(value)) {
        value = new BN(convert.hexlify(value).substring(2), 16);

    } else {
        throwError('invalid BigNumber value', { input: value });
    }

    defineProperty(this, '_bn', value);
}

defineProperty(BigNumber, 'constantNegativeOne', bigNumberify(-1));
defineProperty(BigNumber, 'constantZero', bigNumberify(0));
defineProperty(BigNumber, 'constantOne', bigNumberify(1));
defineProperty(BigNumber, 'constantTwo', bigNumberify(2));
defineProperty(BigNumber, 'constantWeiPerEther', bigNumberify(new BN('1000000000000000000')));


defineProperty(BigNumber.prototype, 'fromTwos', function(value) {
    return new BigNumber(this._bn.fromTwos(value));
});

defineProperty(BigNumber.prototype, 'toTwos', function(value) {
    return new BigNumber(this._bn.toTwos(value));
});


defineProperty(BigNumber.prototype, 'add', function(other) {
    return new BigNumber(this._bn.add(bigNumberify(other)._bn));
});

defineProperty(BigNumber.prototype, 'sub', function(other) {
    return new BigNumber(this._bn.sub(bigNumberify(other)._bn));
});


defineProperty(BigNumber.prototype, 'div', function(other) {
    return new BigNumber(this._bn.div(bigNumberify(other)._bn));
});

defineProperty(BigNumber.prototype, 'mul', function(other) {
    return new BigNumber(this._bn.mul(bigNumberify(other)._bn));
});

defineProperty(BigNumber.prototype, 'mod', function(other) {
    return new BigNumber(this._bn.mod(bigNumberify(other)._bn));
});

defineProperty(BigNumber.prototype, 'pow', function(other) {
    return new BigNumber(this._bn.pow(bigNumberify(other)._bn));
});


defineProperty(BigNumber.prototype, 'maskn', function(value) {
    return new BigNumber(this._bn.maskn(value));
});



defineProperty(BigNumber.prototype, 'eq', function(other) {
    return this._bn.eq(bigNumberify(other)._bn);
});

defineProperty(BigNumber.prototype, 'lt', function(other) {
    return this._bn.lt(bigNumberify(other)._bn);
});

defineProperty(BigNumber.prototype, 'lte', function(other) {
    return this._bn.lte(bigNumberify(other)._bn);
});

defineProperty(BigNumber.prototype, 'gt', function(other) {
    return this._bn.gt(bigNumberify(other)._bn);
});

defineProperty(BigNumber.prototype, 'gte', function(other) {
    return this._bn.gte(bigNumberify(other)._bn);
});


defineProperty(BigNumber.prototype, 'isZero', function() {
    return this._bn.isZero();
});


defineProperty(BigNumber.prototype, 'toNumber', function(base) {
    return this._bn.toNumber();
});

defineProperty(BigNumber.prototype, 'toString', function() {
    //return this._bn.toString(base || 10);
    return this._bn.toString(10);
});

defineProperty(BigNumber.prototype, 'toHexString', function() {
    var hex = this._bn.toString(16);
    if (hex.length % 2) { hex = '0' + hex; }
    return '0x' + hex;
});


function isBigNumber(value) {
    return (value._bn && value._bn.mod);
}

function bigNumberify(value) {
    if (isBigNumber(value)) { return value; }
    return new BigNumber(value);
}

module.exports = {
    isBigNumber: isBigNumber,
    bigNumberify: bigNumberify,
    BigNumber: BigNumber
};

},{"./convert":11,"./properties":14,"./throw-error":15,"bn.js":4}],11:[function(require,module,exports){
/**
 *  Conversion Utilities
 *
 */

var defineProperty = require('./properties.js').defineProperty;

var errors = require('./errors');

function addSlice(array) {
    if (array.slice) { return array; }

    array.slice = function() {
        var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
        return new Uint8Array(Array.prototype.slice.apply(array, args));
    }

    return array;
}

function isArrayish(value) {
    if (!value || parseInt(value.length) != value.length || typeof(value) === 'string') {
        return false;
    }

    for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
        var v = value[i];
        if (v < 0 || v >= 256 || parseInt(v) != v) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    return true;
}

function arrayify(value) {
    if (value == null) {
        errors.throwError('cannot convert null value to array', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, { arg: 'value', value: value });
    }

    if (value && value.toHexString) {
        value = value.toHexString();
    }

    if (isHexString(value)) {
        value = value.substring(2);
        if (value.length % 2) { value = '0' + value; }

        var result = [];
        for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i += 2) {
            result.push(parseInt(value.substr(i, 2), 16));
        }

        return addSlice(new Uint8Array(result));

    } else if (typeof(value) === 'string') {
        if (value.match(/^[0-9a-fA-F]*$/)) {
             errors.throwError('hex string must have 0x prefix', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, { arg: 'value', value: value });
        }
        errors.throwError('invalid hexidecimal string', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, { arg: 'value', value: value });
    }

    if (isArrayish(value)) {
        return addSlice(new Uint8Array(value));
    }

    errors.throwError('invalid arrayify value', { arg: 'value', value: value, type: typeof(value) });
}

function concat(objects) {
    var arrays = [];
    var length = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < objects.length; i++) {
        var object = arrayify(objects[i])
        arrays.push(object);
        length += object.length;
    }

    var result = new Uint8Array(length);
    var offset = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < arrays.length; i++) {
        result.set(arrays[i], offset);
        offset += arrays[i].length;
    }

    return addSlice(result);
}
function stripZeros(value) {
    value = arrayify(value);

    if (value.length === 0) { return value; }

    // Find the first non-zero entry
    var start = 0;
    while (value[start] === 0) { start++ }

    // If we started with zeros, strip them
    if (start) {
        value = value.slice(start);
    }

    return value;
}

function padZeros(value, length) {
    value = arrayify(value);

    if (length < value.length) { throw new Error('cannot pad'); }

    var result = new Uint8Array(length);
    result.set(value, length - value.length);
    return addSlice(result);
}


function isHexString(value, length) {
    if (typeof(value) !== 'string' || !value.match(/^0x[0-9A-Fa-f]*$/)) {
        return false
    }
    if (length && value.length !== 2 + 2 * length) { return false; }
    return true;
}

var HexCharacters = '0123456789abcdef';

function hexlify(value) {

    if (value && value.toHexString) {
        return value.toHexString();
    }

    if (typeof(value) === 'number') {
        if (value < 0) {
            errors.throwError('cannot hexlify negative value', errors.INVALID_ARG, { arg: 'value', value: value });
        }

        var hex = '';
        while (value) {
            hex = HexCharacters[value & 0x0f] + hex;
            value = parseInt(value / 16);
        }

        if (hex.length) {
            if (hex.length % 2) { hex = '0' + hex; }
            return '0x' + hex;
        }

        return '0x00';
    }

    if (isHexString(value)) {
        if (value.length % 2) {
            value = '0x0' + value.substring(2);
        }
        return value;
    }

    if (isArrayish(value)) {
        var result = [];
        for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
             var v = value[i];
             result.push(HexCharacters[(v & 0xf0) >> 4] + HexCharacters[v & 0x0f]);
        }
        return '0x' + result.join('');
    }

    errors.throwError('invalid hexlify value', { arg: 'value', value: value });
}

function hexStripZeros(value) {
    while (value.length > 3 && value.substring(0, 3) === '0x0') {
        value = '0x' + value.substring(3);
    }
    return value;
}

function hexZeroPad(value, length) {
    while (value.length < 2 * length + 2) {
        value = '0x0' + value.substring(2);
    }
    return value;
}

/* @TODO: Add something like this to make slicing code easier to understand
function hexSlice(hex, start, end) {
    hex = hexlify(hex);
    return '0x' + hex.substring(2 + start * 2, 2 + end * 2);
}
*/

function splitSignature(signature) {
    signature = arrayify(signature);
    if (signature.length !== 65) {
        throw new Error('invalid signature');
    }

    var v = signature[64];
    if (v !== 27 && v !== 28) {
        v = 27 + (v % 2);
    }

    return {
        r: hexlify(signature.slice(0, 32)),
        s: hexlify(signature.slice(32, 64)),
        v: v
    }
}

module.exports = {
    arrayify: arrayify,
    isArrayish: isArrayish,

    concat: concat,

    padZeros: padZeros,
    stripZeros: stripZeros,

    splitSignature: splitSignature,

    hexlify: hexlify,
    isHexString: isHexString,
    hexStripZeros: hexStripZeros,
    hexZeroPad: hexZeroPad,
};

},{"./errors":12,"./properties.js":14}],12:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

var defineProperty = require('./properties').defineProperty;

var codes = { };

[
    // Unknown Error
    'UNKNOWN_ERROR',

    // Not implemented
    'NOT_IMPLEMENTED',

    // Missing new operator to an object
    //  - name: The name of the class
    'MISSING_NEW',


    // Call exception
    'CALL_EXCEPTION',


    // Response from a server was invalid
    //   - response: The body of the response
    //'BAD_RESPONSE',


    // Invalid argument (e.g. type) to a function:
    //   - arg: The argument name that was invalid
    //   - value: The value of the argument
    //   - type: The type of the argument
    //   - expected: What was expected
    'INVALID_ARGUMENT',

    // Missing argument to a function:
    //   - arg: The argument name that is required
    //   - count: The number of arguments received
    //   - expectedCount: The number of arguments expected
    'MISSING_ARGUMENT',

    // Too many arguments
    //   - count: The number of arguments received
    //   - expectedCount: The number of arguments expected
    'UNEXPECTED_ARGUMENT',


    // Unsupported operation
    //   - operation
    'UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION',


].forEach(function(code) {
    defineProperty(codes, code, code);
});


defineProperty(codes, 'throwError', function(message, code, params) {
    if (!code) { code = codes.UNKNOWN_ERROR; }
    if (!params) { params = {}; }

    var messageDetails = [];
    Object.keys(params).forEach(function(key) {
        try {
            messageDetails.push(key + '=' + JSON.stringify(params[key]));
        } catch (error) {
            messageDetails.push(key + '=' + JSON.stringify(params[key].toString()));
        }
    });
    var reason = message;
    if (messageDetails.length) {
        message += ' (' + messageDetails.join(', ') + ')';
    }

    var error = new Error(message);
    error.reason = reason;
    error.code = code

    Object.keys(params).forEach(function(key) {
        error[key] = params[key];
    });

    throw error;
});

defineProperty(codes, 'checkNew', function(self, kind) {
    if (!(self instanceof kind)) {
        codes.throwError('missing new', codes.MISSING_NEW, { name: kind.name });
    }
});

module.exports = codes;

},{"./properties":14}],13:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

var sha3 = require('js-sha3');

var convert = require('./convert.js');

function keccak256(data) {
    data = convert.arrayify(data);
    return '0x' + sha3.keccak_256(data);
}

module.exports = keccak256;

},{"./convert.js":11,"js-sha3":6}],14:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

function defineProperty(object, name, value) {
    Object.defineProperty(object, name, {
        enumerable: true,
        value: value,
        writable: false,
    });
}

function defineFrozen(object, name, value) {
    var frozen = JSON.stringify(value);
    Object.defineProperty(object, name, {
        enumerable: true,
        get: function() { return JSON.parse(frozen); }
    });
}

module.exports = {
    defineFrozen: defineFrozen,
    defineProperty: defineProperty,
};

},{}],15:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

function throwError(message, params) {
    var error = new Error(message);
    for (var key in params) {
        error[key] = params[key];
    }
    throw error;
}

module.exports = throwError;

},{}],16:[function(require,module,exports){

var convert = require('./convert.js');

// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/18729405/how-to-convert-utf8-string-to-byte-array
function utf8ToBytes(str) {
    var result = [];
    var offset = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
        var c = str.charCodeAt(i);
        if (c < 128) {
            result[offset++] = c;
        } else if (c < 2048) {
            result[offset++] = (c >> 6) | 192;
            result[offset++] = (c & 63) | 128;
        } else if (((c & 0xFC00) == 0xD800) && (i + 1) < str.length && ((str.charCodeAt(i + 1) & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00)) {
            // Surrogate Pair
            c = 0x10000 + ((c & 0x03FF) << 10) + (str.charCodeAt(++i) & 0x03FF);
            result[offset++] = (c >> 18) | 240;
            result[offset++] = ((c >> 12) & 63) | 128;
            result[offset++] = ((c >> 6) & 63) | 128;
            result[offset++] = (c & 63) | 128;
        } else {
            result[offset++] = (c >> 12) | 224;
            result[offset++] = ((c >> 6) & 63) | 128;
            result[offset++] = (c & 63) | 128;
        }
    }

    return convert.arrayify(result);
};


// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13356493/decode-utf-8-with-javascript#13691499
function bytesToUtf8(bytes) {
    bytes = convert.arrayify(bytes);

    var result = '';
    var i = 0;

    // Invalid bytes are ignored
    while(i < bytes.length) {
        var c = bytes[i++];
        if (c >> 7 == 0) {
            // 0xxx xxxx
            result += String.fromCharCode(c);
            continue;
        }

        // Invalid starting byte
        if (c >> 6 == 0x02) { continue; }

        // Multibyte; how many bytes left for thus character?
        var extraLength = null;
        if (c >> 5 == 0x06) {
            extraLength = 1;
        } else if (c >> 4 == 0x0e) {
            extraLength = 2;
        } else if (c >> 3 == 0x1e) {
            extraLength = 3;
        } else if (c >> 2 == 0x3e) {
            extraLength = 4;
        } else if (c >> 1 == 0x7e) {
            extraLength = 5;
        } else {
            continue;
        }

        // Do we have enough bytes in our data?
        if (i + extraLength > bytes.length) {

            // If there is an invalid unprocessed byte, try to continue
            for (; i < bytes.length; i++) {
                if (bytes[i] >> 6 != 0x02) { break; }
            }
            if (i != bytes.length) continue;

            // All leftover bytes are valid.
            return result;
        }

        // Remove the UTF-8 prefix from the char (res)
        var res = c & ((1 << (8 - extraLength - 1)) - 1);

        var count;
        for (count = 0; count < extraLength; count++) {
            var nextChar = bytes[i++];

            // Is the char valid multibyte part?
            if (nextChar >> 6 != 0x02) {break;};
            res = (res << 6) | (nextChar & 0x3f);
        }

        if (count != extraLength) {
            i--;
            continue;
        }

        if (res <= 0xffff) {
            result += String.fromCharCode(res);
            continue;
        }

        res -= 0x10000;
        result += String.fromCharCode(((res >> 10) & 0x3ff) + 0xd800, (res & 0x3ff) + 0xdc00);
    }

    return result;
}

module.exports = {
    toUtf8Bytes: utf8ToBytes,
    toUtf8String: bytesToUtf8,
};

},{"./convert.js":11}]},{},[2])(2)
});