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<div class="breadcrumbs"><a href="/v5/">Documentation</a> » <a href="/v5/api/">API</a> » <a href="/v5/api/utils/">Utilities</a> » <span class="current">Addresses</span></div>
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<a name="addresses"></a><a name="addresses"></a><h1 class="show-anchors"><div>Addresses<div class="anchors"><a class="self" href="/v5/api/utils/address/#addresses"></a></div></div></h1><p>Explain addresses,formats and checksumming here.</p>
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<p>Also see: <a href="/v5/api/utils/constants/">constants.AddressZero</a></p>
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<a name="address-formats"></a><a name="addresses--address-formats"></a><h2 class="show-anchors"><div>Address Formats<div class="anchors"><a class="self" href="/v5/api/utils/address/#address-formats"></a></div></div></h2>
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<a name="address"></a><a name="addresses--address-formats--address"></a><h3 class="show-anchors"><div>Address<div class="anchors"><a class="self" href="/v5/api/utils/address/#address"></a></div></div></h3><p>An <b>Address</b> is a <a href="/v5/api/utils/bytes/#DataHexString">DataHexString</a> of 20 bytes (40 nibbles), with optional mixed case.</p>
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<p>If the case is mixed, it is a <b>Checksum Address</b>, which uses a specific pattern of uppercase and lowercase letters within a given address to reduce the risk of errors introduced from typing an address or cut and paste issues.</p>
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<p>All functions that return an Address will return a Checksum Address.</p>
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<a name="address-icap"></a><a name="addresses--address-formats--address-icap"></a><h3 class="show-anchors"><div>ICAP Address<div class="anchors"><a class="self" href="/v5/api/utils/address/#address-icap"></a></div></div></h3><p>The <b>ICAP Address Format</b> was an early attempt to introduce a checksum into Ethereum addresses using the popular banking industry's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Bank_Account_Number">IBAN</a> format with the country code specified as <b>XE</b>.</p>
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<p>Due to the way IBAN encodes address, only addresses that fit into 30 base-36 characters are actually compatible, so the format was adapted to support 31 base-36 characters which is large enough for a full Ethereum address, however the preferred method was to select a private key whose address has a <code class="inline">0</code> as the first byte, which allows the address to be formatted as a fully compatibly standard IBAN address with 30 base-36 characters.</p>
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<p>In general this format is no longer widely supported anymore, however any function that accepts an address can receive an ICAP address, and it will be converted internally.</p>
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<p>To convert an address into the ICAP format, see <a href="/v5/api/utils/address/#utils-getIcapAddress">getIcapAddress</a>.</p>
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<a name="utils--address"></a><a name="addresses--utils--address"></a><h2 class="show-anchors"><div>Converting and Verifying<div class="anchors"><a class="self" href="/v5/api/utils/address/#utils--address"></a></div></div></h2>
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<a name="utils-getAddress"></a><div class="property show-anchors"><div class="signature"><span class="path">ethers</span><span class="symbol">.</span><span class="path">utils</span><span class="symbol">.</span><span class="method">getAddress</span><span class="symbol">(</span> <span class="param">address</span> <span class="symbol">)</span> <span class="arrow">⇒</span> <span class="returns">string< <a href="/v5/api/utils/address/#address">Address</a> ></span><div class="anchors"><a class="self" href="/v5/api/utils/address/#utils-getAddress"></a><a class="source" href="https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/blob/master/packages/address/src.ts/index.ts#L77">source</a></div></div><div class="body"><p>Returns <i>address</i> as a Checksum Address.</p>
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<p>If <i>address</i> is an invalid 40-nibble <a href="/v5/api/utils/bytes/#HexString">HexString</a> or if it contains mixed case and the checksum is invalid, an <a href="/v5/api/utils/logger/#errors--invalid-argument">INVALID_ARGUMENT</a> Error is thrown.</p>
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<p>The value of <i>address</i> may be any supported address format.</p>
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</div></div><a name="utils-getIcapAddress"></a><div class="property show-anchors"><div class="signature"><span class="path">ethers</span><span class="symbol">.</span><span class="path">utils</span><span class="symbol">.</span><span class="method">getIcapAddress</span><span class="symbol">(</span> <span class="param">address</span> <span class="symbol">)</span> <span class="arrow">⇒</span> <span class="returns">string< <a href="/v5/api/utils/address/#address-icap">IcapAddress</a> ></span><div class="anchors"><a class="self" href="/v5/api/utils/address/#utils-getIcapAddress"></a><a class="source" href="https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/blob/master/packages/address/src.ts/index.ts#L123">source</a></div></div><div class="body"><p>Returns <i>address</i> as an <a href="https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Inter-exchange-Client-Address-Protocol-%28ICAP%29">ICAP address</a>. Supports the same restrictions as <a href="/v5/api/utils/address/#utils-getAddress">getAddress</a>.</p>
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</div></div><a name="utils-isAddress"></a><div class="property show-anchors"><div class="signature"><span class="path">ethers</span><span class="symbol">.</span><span class="path">utils</span><span class="symbol">.</span><span class="method">isAddress</span><span class="symbol">(</span> <span class="param">address</span> <span class="symbol">)</span> <span class="arrow">⇒</span> <span class="returns">boolean</span><div class="anchors"><a class="self" href="/v5/api/utils/address/#utils-isAddress"></a><a class="source" href="https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/blob/master/packages/address/src.ts/index.ts#L115">source</a></div></div><div class="body"><p>Returns true if <i>address</i> is valid (in any supported format).</p>
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</div></div><a name="utils--address-derivation"></a><a name="addresses--utils--address-derivation"></a><h2 class="show-anchors"><div>Derivation<div class="anchors"><a class="self" href="/v5/api/utils/address/#utils--address-derivation"></a></div></div></h2>
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<a name="utils-computeAddress"></a><div class="property show-anchors"><div class="signature"><span class="path">ethers</span><span class="symbol">.</span><span class="path">utils</span><span class="symbol">.</span><span class="method">computeAddress</span><span class="symbol">(</span> <span class="param">publicOrPrivateKey</span> <span class="symbol">)</span> <span class="arrow">⇒</span> <span class="returns">string< <a href="/v5/api/utils/address/#address">Address</a> ></span><div class="anchors"><a class="self" href="/v5/api/utils/address/#utils-computeAddress"></a><a class="source" href="https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/blob/master/packages/transactions/src.ts/index.ts#L75">source</a></div></div><div class="body"><p>Returns the address for <i>publicOrPrivateKey</i>. A public key may be compressed or uncompressed, and a private key will be converted automatically to a public key for the derivation.</p>
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</div></div><a name="utils-recoverAddress"></a><div class="property show-anchors"><div class="signature"><span class="path">ethers</span><span class="symbol">.</span><span class="path">utils</span><span class="symbol">.</span><span class="method">recoverAddress</span><span class="symbol">(</span> <span class="param">digest</span> <span class="symbol">,</span> <span class="param">signature</span> <span class="symbol">)</span> <span class="arrow">⇒</span> <span class="returns">string< <a href="/v5/api/utils/address/#address">Address</a> ></span><div class="anchors"><a class="self" href="/v5/api/utils/address/#utils-recoverAddress"></a><a class="source" href="https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/blob/master/packages/transactions/src.ts/index.ts#L80">source</a></div></div><div class="body"><p>Use <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic_Curve_Digital_Signature_Algorithm#Public_key_recovery">ECDSA Public Key Recovery</a> to determine the address that signed <i>digest</i> to which generated <i>signature</i>.</p>
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</div></div><a name="utils--contract-addresses"></a><a name="addresses--utils--contract-addresses"></a><h2 class="show-anchors"><div>Contracts Addresses<div class="anchors"><a class="self" href="/v5/api/utils/address/#utils--contract-addresses"></a></div></div></h2>
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<a name="utils-getContractAddress"></a><div class="property show-anchors"><div class="signature"><span class="path">ethers</span><span class="symbol">.</span><span class="path">utils</span><span class="symbol">.</span><span class="method">getContractAddress</span><span class="symbol">(</span> <span class="param">transaction</span> <span class="symbol">)</span> <span class="arrow">⇒</span> <span class="returns">string< <a href="/v5/api/utils/address/#address">Address</a> ></span><div class="anchors"><a class="self" href="/v5/api/utils/address/#utils-getContractAddress"></a><a class="source" href="https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/blob/master/packages/address/src.ts/index.ts#L130">source</a></div></div><div class="body"><p>Returns the contract address that would result if <i>transaction</i> was used to deploy a contract.</p>
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</div></div><a name="utils-getCreate2Address"></a><div class="property show-anchors"><div class="signature"><span class="path">ethers</span><span class="symbol">.</span><span class="path">utils</span><span class="symbol">.</span><span class="method">getCreate2Address</span><span class="symbol">(</span> <span class="param">from</span> <span class="symbol">,</span> <span class="param">salt</span> <span class="symbol">,</span> <span class="param">initCodeHash</span> <span class="symbol">)</span> <span class="arrow">⇒</span> <span class="returns">string< <a href="/v5/api/utils/address/#address">Address</a> ></span><div class="anchors"><a class="self" href="/v5/api/utils/address/#utils-getCreate2Address"></a><a class="source" href="https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/blob/master/packages/address/src.ts/index.ts#L143">source</a></div></div><div class="body"><p>Returns the contract address that would result from the given <a href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1014">CREATE2</a> call.</p>
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