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<div class="section" id="accounts">
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<h1>Accounts<a class="headerlink" href="#accounts" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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<p>Some quick examples of using Accounts.</p>
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<hr class="docutils" />
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<div class="section" id="dump-all-json-wallet-balances-in-current-directory">
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<h2>Dump All JSON Wallet Balances (in current directory)<a class="headerlink" href="#dump-all-json-wallet-balances-in-current-directory" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<div class="literal-block-wrapper docutils container" id="id1">
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<div class="code-block-caption"><span class="caption-text"><em>Load JSON Wallet Balances</em></span><a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="Permalink to this code">¶</a></div>
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<div class="highlight-javascript notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">fs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'fs'</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">path</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'path'</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ethers'</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">provider</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getDefaultProvider</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<span class="c1">// Geth</span>
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<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">dirname</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">path</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">process</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">env</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">HOME</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'.ethereum'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'keystore'</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="c1">// Parity (use the name of your chain for chainDirectory, such as "homestead")</span>
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<span class="c1">//var dirname = path.join(process.env.HOME, '.parity', 'keys', chainDirectory, 'keys');</span>
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<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">filenames</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">fs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">readdirSync</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">dirname</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="nx">filenames</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">forEach</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">async</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">filename</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="c1">// Get the Wallet JSON</span>
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<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">await</span> <span class="nx">fs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">readFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">path</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">dirname</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nx">filename</span><span class="p">));</span>
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<span class="c1">// Get the Wallet address</span>
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<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">address</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">utils</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getJsonWalletAddress</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">toString</span><span class="p">());</span>
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<span class="c1">// Look up the balance</span>
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<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">balance</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">await</span> <span class="nx">provider</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getBalance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">address</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">address</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s1">':'</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">utils</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">formatEther</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">balance</span><span class="p">));</span>
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<span class="p">});</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<hr class="docutils" />
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<div class="section" id="sweep-an-account-into-another">
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<h2>Sweep an Account into Another<a class="headerlink" href="#sweep-an-account-into-another" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>This will sweep <strong>all</strong> the funds from one account’s <em>privateKey</em> and
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place it in another account, <em>newAddress</em>.</p>
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<div class="literal-block-wrapper docutils container" id="id2">
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<div class="code-block-caption"><span class="caption-text"><em>Sweep an Account</em></span><a class="headerlink" href="#id2" title="Permalink to this code">¶</a></div>
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<div class="highlight-javascript notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ethers'</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="nx">async</span> <span class="kd">function</span> <span class="nx">sweep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">privateKey</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">newAddress</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">provider</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getDefaultProvider</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">wallet</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Wallet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">privateKey</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">provider</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="c1">// Make sure we are sweeping to an EOA, not a contract. The gas required</span>
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<span class="c1">// to send to a contract cannot be certain, so we may leave dust behind</span>
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<span class="c1">// or not set a high enough gas limit, in which case the transaction will</span>
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<span class="c1">// fail.</span>
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<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">code</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">await</span> <span class="nx">provider</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getCode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">newAddress</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">code</span> <span class="o">!==</span> <span class="s1">'0x'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="k">throw</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nb">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Cannot sweep to a contract'</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="c1">// Get the current balance</span>
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<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">balance</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">await</span> <span class="nx">wallet</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getBalance</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<span class="c1">// Normally we would let the Wallet populate this for us, but we</span>
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<span class="c1">// need to compute EXACTLY how much value to send</span>
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<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">gasPrice</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">await</span> <span class="nx">provider</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getGasPrice</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<span class="c1">// The exact cost (in gas) to send to an Externally Owned Account (EOA)</span>
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<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">gasLimit</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">21000</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="c1">// The balance less exactly the txfee in wei</span>
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<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">value</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">balance</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">sub</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">gasPrice</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">mul</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">gasLimit</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">tx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">await</span> <span class="nx">wallet</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">sendTransaction</span><span class="p">({</span>
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<span class="nx">gasLimit</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">gasLimit</span><span class="p">,</span>
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<span class="nx">gasPrice</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">gasPrice</span><span class="p">,</span>
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<span class="nx">to</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">newAddress</span><span class="p">,</span>
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<span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">value</span>
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<span class="p">});</span>
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<span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Sent in Transaction: '</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nx">tx</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="p">});</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<hr class="docutils" />
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<div class="section" id="coalesce-jaxx-wallets">
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<h2>Coalesce Jaxx Wallets<a class="headerlink" href="#coalesce-jaxx-wallets" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>The Jaxx Wallet (for iOS, Android, desktop, et cetera) uses HD wallets on Ethereum the
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same way as Bitcoin, which results in each transaction being received by a separate
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address. As a result, funds get spread across many accounts, making several operations
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in Ethereum impossible.</p>
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<p>This short recipe will coalesce all these accounts into a single one, by sending the funds
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from each account into a single one.</p>
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<p>This also results in paying multiple transaction fees (1 fee per account to merge).</p>
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<p>@TODO: This is incomplete!!</p>
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<div class="literal-block-wrapper docutils container" id="id3">
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<div class="code-block-caption"><span class="caption-text"><em>TODO</em></span><a class="headerlink" href="#id3" title="Permalink to this code">¶</a></div>
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<div class="highlight-javascript notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ethers'</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">provider</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getDefaultProvider</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">mnemonic</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"radar blur cabbage chef fix engine embark joy scheme fiction master release"</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">hdnode</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">utils</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">HDNode</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">fromMnemonic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">mnemonic</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">hdnode</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">hdnode</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">derivePath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m/44'/60'/0'/0"</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="c1">// @TODO</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<hr class="docutils" />
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<div class="section" id="access-funds-in-a-mnemonic-phrase-wallet">
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<h2>Access Funds in a Mnemonic Phrase Wallet<a class="headerlink" href="#access-funds-in-a-mnemonic-phrase-wallet" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>@TODO: This is incomplete</p>
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<div class="literal-block-wrapper docutils container" id="id4">
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<div class="code-block-caption"><span class="caption-text"><em>TODO</em></span><a class="headerlink" href="#id4" title="Permalink to this code">¶</a></div>
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<div class="highlight-javascript notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ethers'</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">walletPath</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="s2">"standard"</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s2">"m/44'/60'/0'/0/0"</span><span class="p">,</span>
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<span class="c1">// @TODO: Include some non-standard wallet paths</span>
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<span class="p">};</span>
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|
||
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">mnemonic</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"radar blur cabbage chef fix engine embark joy scheme fiction master release"</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">hdnode</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">HDNode</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">fromMnemonic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">mnemonic</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">node</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">hdnode</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">derivePath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">walletPath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">standard</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">wallet</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Wallet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">privateKey</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">wallet</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">address</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="c1">// 0xaC39b311DCEb2A4b2f5d8461c1cdaF756F4F7Ae9</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="c1">// @TODO:</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr class="docutils" />
|
||
<div class="section" id="random-mnemonic">
|
||
<h2>Random Mnemonic<a class="headerlink" href="#random-mnemonic" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>Often you may simply want a random mnemonic that is valid. It is important to
|
||
note that <strong>not</strong> all random sets of words are valid; there is a checksum
|
||
included in the binary encoding of the entropy, so it is important to use
|
||
a method that correctly encodes this checksum.</p>
|
||
<div class="literal-block-wrapper docutils container" id="id5">
|
||
<div class="code-block-caption"><span class="caption-text"><em>Random Mnemonic</em></span><a class="headerlink" href="#id5" title="Permalink to this code">¶</a></div>
|
||
<div class="highlight-javascript notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ethers'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="c1">// All createRandom Wallets are generated from random mnemonics</span>
|
||
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">wallet</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Wallet</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createRandom</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">randomMnemonic</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">wallet</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">mnemonic</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literal-block-wrapper docutils container" id="id6">
|
||
<div class="code-block-caption"><span class="caption-text"><em>More Complex Random Mnemonic</em></span><a class="headerlink" href="#id6" title="Permalink to this code">¶</a></div>
|
||
<div class="highlight-javascript notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">utils</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ethers/utils'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="c1">// Chose the length of your mnemonic:</span>
|
||
<span class="c1">// - 16 bytes => 12 words (* this example)</span>
|
||
<span class="c1">// - 20 bytes => 15 words</span>
|
||
<span class="c1">// - 24 bytes => 18 words</span>
|
||
<span class="c1">// - 28 bytes => 21 words</span>
|
||
<span class="c1">// - 32 bytes => 24 words</span>
|
||
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">bytes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">utils</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">random</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="c1">// Select the language:</span>
|
||
<span class="c1">// - en, es, fr, ja, ko, it, zh_ch, zh_tw</span>
|
||
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">language</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">wordlists</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">en</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">randomMnemonic</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">utils</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">HDNode</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">entropyToMnemonic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">bytes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">language</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr class="docutils" />
|
||
<div class="section" id="get-transaction-history">
|
||
<h2>Get Transaction History<a class="headerlink" href="#get-transaction-history" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>Unfortunately, transaction history is not something that is easy to get. It
|
||
is not indexed by the blockchain, not by a standard node, “out-of-the-box”.
|
||
At the time of this recipe, the indices to store the entire history are
|
||
around 800GB. For Parity you may enable tracing and disable pruning, in
|
||
which case you can use some of the vendor specific JSON-RPC debug methods.</p>
|
||
<p>For many cases, you can probably rely on Etherscan, which dedicates large
|
||
amounts of resources to tracking and storing this information.</p>
|
||
<div class="literal-block-wrapper docutils container" id="id7">
|
||
<div class="code-block-caption"><span class="caption-text"><em>Transaction History</em></span><a class="headerlink" href="#id7" title="Permalink to this code">¶</a></div>
|
||
<div class="highlight-javascript notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">etherscanProvider</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">ethers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">providers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">EtherscanProvider</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="nx">etherscanProvider</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getHistory</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">address</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">then</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">history</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="nx">history</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">forEach</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">tx</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">tx</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="p">})</span>
|
||
<span class="p">});</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr class="docutils" />
|
||
<p>@TODO: Example of signing and verifying a hash in ethers and in Solidity.</p>
|
||
<hr class="docutils" />
|
||
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|
||
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