11 lines
51 KiB
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11 lines
51 KiB
HTML
<html><head><title>Documentation</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/style.css"></head><body><div class="sidebar"><div class="header"><div class="logo"><a href="/"><div class="image"></div><div class="name">ethers</div><div class="version">v5.0-beta</div></a></div></div><div class="toc"><div><div class="link title"><a href="/">Documentation</a></div><div class="base child show link depth-1"><a href="/getting-started/">Getting Started</a></div><div class="hide link depth-2"><a href="/getting-started/#getting-started--installing">Installing</a></div><div class="hide link depth-2"><a href="/getting-started/#getting-started--importing">Importing</a></div><div class="base child show link depth-1"><a href="/concepts/">Concepts</a></div><div class="hide link depth-2"><a href="/concepts/events/">Events</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/concepts/events/#events--solidity-topics">Solidity Topics</a></div><div class="hide link depth-2"><a href="/concepts/gas/">Gas</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/concepts/gas/#gas-price">Gas Price</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/concepts/gas/#gas-limit">Gas Limit</a></div><div class="base child show link depth-1"><a href="/api/">Application Programming Interface</a></div><div class="hide link depth-2"><a href="/api/contract/">Contract Interaction</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/contract/contract/">Contract</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/contract/contract/#contract--properties">Properties</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/contract/contract/#contract--methods">Methods</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/contract/contract/#contract--events">Events</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/contract/contract/#contract-metaclass">Meta-Class</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/contract/example/">Example: ERC-20 Contract</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/contract/example/#example-erc-20-contract--connecting-to-a-contract">Connecting to a Contract</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/contract/example/#example-erc-20-contract--properties-inheritted-from-contract">Properties ^^//(inheritted from [[contract]])//^^</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/contract/example/#example-erc-20-contract--methods-inheritted-from-contract">Methods ^^//(inheritted from [[contract]])//^^</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/contract/example/#erc20-events">Events ^^//(inheritted from Contract)//^^</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/contract/example/#example-erc-20-contract--meta-class-methods-added-at-runtime">Meta-Class Methods ^^//(added at Runtime)//^^</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/contract/example/#example-erc-20-contract--meta-class-filters-added-at-runtime">Meta-Class Filters ^^//(added at Runtime)//^^</a></div><div class="hide link depth-2"><a href="/api/signer/">Signers</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/signer/#signer">Signer</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/signer/#wallet">Wallet</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/signer/#void-signer">VoidSigner</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/signer/#externally-owned-account">ExternallyOwnedAccount</a></div><div class="hide link depth-2"><a href="/api/providers/">Providers</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/providers/provider/">Provider</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/provider/#provider--accounts-methods">Accounts Methods</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/provider/#provider--blocks-methods">Blocks Methods</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/provider/#provider--ethereum-naming-service-ens-methods">Ethereum Naming Service (ENS) Methods</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/provider/#provider--logs-methods">Logs Methods</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/provider/#provider--network-status-methods">Network Status Methods</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/provider/#provider--transactions-methods">Transactions Methods</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/provider/#provider--event-emitter-methods">Event Emitter Methods</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/provider/#provider--inspection-methods">Inspection Methods</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/providers/jsonrpc-provider/">JsonRpcProvider</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/jsonrpc-provider/#signer-jsonrpc">JsonRpcSigner</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/jsonrpc-provider/#provider-jsonrpc-uncheckedsigner">JsonRpcUncheckedSigner</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/providers/api-providers/">API Providers</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/api-providers/#api-providers--etherscanprovider">EtherscanProvider</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/api-providers/#api-providers--infuraprovider">InfuraProvider</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/api-providers/#api-providers--alchemyprovider">AlchemyProvider</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/api-providers/#api-providers--cloudfrontprovider">CloudfrontProvider</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/providers/other/">Other Providers</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/other/#provider-fallback">FallbackProvider</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/other/#provider-ipc">IpcProvider</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/other/#provider-urljsonrpc">UrlJsonRpcProvider</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/other/#provider-web3">Web3Provider</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/providers/types/">Types</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/types/#provider-blocktag">BlockTag</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/types/#provider-network">Network</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/types/#provider-block">Block</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/types/#types--events-and-logs">Events and Logs</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/providers/types/#types--transactions">Transactions</a></div><div class="hide link depth-2"><a href="/api/utils/">Utilities</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/utils/abi/">Application Binary Interface</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/abi/interface/">Interface</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/utils/abi/interface/#abi-interface--creating-instances">Creating Instances</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/utils/abi/interface/#abi-interface--properties">Properties</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/utils/abi/interface/#abi-interface--formatting">Formatting</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/utils/abi/interface/#abi-interface--fragment-access">Fragment Access</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/utils/abi/interface/#abi-interface--signature-and-topic-hashes">Signature and Topic Hashes</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/utils/abi/interface/#abi-interface--encoding-data">Encoding Data</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/utils/abi/interface/#abi-interface--decoding-data">Decoding Data</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/utils/abi/interface/#abi-interface--parsing">Parsing</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/utils/abi/interface/#abi-interface--types">Types</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/utils/abi/interface/#abi-fragmentid">Specifying Fragments</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/abi/fragments/">Fragments</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/utils/abi/fragments/#fragments--formats">Formats</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/utils/abi/fragments/#abi-fragment">Fragment</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/utils/abi/fragments/#abi-constructorfragment">ConstructorFragment</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/utils/abi/fragments/#abi-eventfragment">EventFragment</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/utils/abi/fragments/#abi-functionfragment">FunctionFragment</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/utils/abi/fragments/#abi-paramtype">ParamType</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/utils/address/">Addresses</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/address/#address-formats">Address Formats</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/address/#addresses--functions">Functions</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/utils/bignumber/">BigNumber</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/bignumber/#bignumber--types">Types</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/bignumber/#bignumber--creating-instances">Creating Instances</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/bignumber/#bignumber--methods">Methods</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/bignumber/#bignumber--notes">Notes</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/utils/bytes/">Byte Manipulation</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/bytes/#byte-manipulation--types">Types</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/bytes/#byte-manipulation--inspection">Inspection</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/bytes/#byte-manipulation--converting-between-arrays-and-hexstrings">Converting between Arrays and Hexstrings</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/bytes/#byte-manipulation--array-manipulation">Array Manipulation</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/bytes/#byte-manipulation--hexstring-manipulation">Hexstring Manipulation</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/bytes/#byte-manipulation--signature-conversion">Signature Conversion</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/bytes/#byte-manipulation--random-bytes">Random Bytes</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/utils/constants/">Constants</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/constants/#constants--bytes">Bytes</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/constants/#constants--strings">Strings</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/constants/#constants--bignumber">BigNumber</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/utils/display-logic/">Display Logic and Input</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/display-logic/#display-logic-and-input--units">Units</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/display-logic/#display-logic-and-input--functions">Functions</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/utils/encoding/">Encoding Utilities</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/encoding/#bse58">Base58</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/encoding/#base64">Base64</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/encoding/#rlp">Recursive-Length Prefix</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/utils/fixednumber/">FixedNumber</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/fixednumber/#fixednumber--creating-instances">Creating Instances</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/fixednumber/#fixednumber--properties">Properties</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/fixednumber/#fixednumber--methods">Methods</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/fixednumber/#fixedformat">FixedFormat</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/utils/hashing/">Hashing Algorithms</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/hashing/#hashing-algorithms--cryptographic-hashing">Cryptographic Hashing</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/hashing/#hashing-algorithms--common-hashing-helpers">Common Hashing Helpers</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/hashing/#hashing-algorithms--solidity-hashing-algorithms">Solidity Hashing Algorithms</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/utils/hdnode/">HD Wallet</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/hdnode/#hd-wallet--types">Types</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/hdnode/#hdnode">HDNode</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/hdnode/#hd-wallet--other-functions">Other Functions</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/utils/logger/">Logging</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/logger/#logger">Logger</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/logger/#errors">Errors</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/logger/#logger-levels">Log Levels</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/utils/properties/">Property Utilities</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/utils/signing-key/">Signing Key</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/signing-key/#utils-signingkey--other-functions">Other Functions</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/utils/strings/">Strings</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/strings/#bytes32-string">Bytes32String</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/strings/#utf8-string">UTF-8 Strings</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/strings/#unicode-normalization-form">UnicodeNormalizationForm</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/strings/#utf8error">Custom UTF-8 Error Handling</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/utils/transactions/">Transactions</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/transactions/#utils-transactions--types">Types</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/transactions/#utils-transactions--functions">Functions</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/utils/web/">Web Utilities</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/utils/wordlists/">Wordlists</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/wordlists/#wordlist">Wordlist</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/utils/wordlists/#wordlist-languages">Languages</a></div><div class="hide link depth-2"><a href="/api/other/">Other Libraries</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/other/assembly/">Assembly</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/other/assembly/dialect/">Ethers ASM Dialect</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/other/assembly/dialect/#asm-dialect-opcode">Opcodes</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/other/assembly/dialect/#asm-dialect-label">Labels</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/other/assembly/dialect/#asm-dialect-literal">Literals</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/other/assembly/dialect/#asm-dialect-comment">Comments</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/other/assembly/dialect/#asm-dialect-scope">Scopes</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/other/assembly/dialect/#asm-dialect-datasegment">Data Segment</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/other/assembly/dialect/#asm-dialect-links">Links</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/other/assembly/dialect/#asm-dialect-placeholder">Stack Placeholders</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/other/assembly/dialect/#asm-dialect-scripting">Evaluation and Excution</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/other/assembly/api/">Utilities</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/other/assembly/api/#asm-utilities--assembler">Assembler</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/other/assembly/api/#asm-utilities--disassembler">Disassembler</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/other/assembly/api/#asm-opcode">Opcode</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/other/assembly/ast/">Abstract Syntax Tree</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/other/assembly/ast/#asm-ast--types">Types</a></div><div class="hide link depth-5"><a href="/api/other/assembly/ast/#asm-ast--nodes">Nodes</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/api/other/hardware/">Hardware Wallets</a></div><div class="hide link depth-4"><a href="/api/other/hardware/#hw-ledger">LedgerSigner</a></div><div class="base child show link depth-1"><a href="/cli/">Command Line Interfaces</a></div><div class="hide link depth-2"><a href="/cli/ethers/">Sandbox Utility</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/cli/ethers/#sandbox-utility--help">Help</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/cli/ethers/#sandbox-utility--examples">Examples</a></div><div class="hide link depth-2"><a href="/cli/asm/">Assembler</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/cli/asm/#cli-asm--help">Help</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/cli/asm/#cli-asm--example-input-files">Example Input Files</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/cli/asm/#cli-asm--assembler-examples">Assembler Examples</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/cli/asm/#cli-asm--disassembler-examples">Disassembler Examples</a></div><div class="hide link depth-2"><a href="/cli/ens/">Ethereum Naming Service</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/cli/ens/#ethereum-naming-service--help">Help</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/cli/ens/#ethereum-naming-service--examples">Examples</a></div><div class="hide link depth-2"><a href="/cli/typescript/">TypeScript</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/cli/typescript/#typescript--help">Help</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/cli/typescript/#typescript--examples">Examples</a></div><div class="hide link depth-2"><a href="/cli/plugin/">Making Your Own</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/cli/plugin/#cli-cli">CLI</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/cli/plugin/#cli-plugin">Plugin</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/cli/plugin/#cli-argparser">ArgParser</a></div><div class="base child show link depth-1"><a href="/cookbook/">Cookbook</a></div><div class="base child show link depth-1"><a href="/migration/">Migration Guide</a></div><div class="hide link depth-2"><a href="/migration/web3/">Migration: From Web3.js</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/migration/web3/#migration-from-web3-js--contracts">Contracts</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/migration/web3/#migration-from-web3-js--providers">Providers</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/migration/web3/#migration-from-web3-js--numbers">Numbers</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/migration/web3/#migration-from-web3-js--utilities">Utilities</a></div><div class="hide link depth-2"><a href="/migration/ethers-v4/">Migration: From Ethers v4</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/migration/ethers-v4/#migration-v4--bignumber">BigNumber</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/migration/ethers-v4/#migration-v4--contracts">Contracts</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/migration/ethers-v4/#migration-v4--errors">Errors</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/migration/ethers-v4/#migration-v4--interface">Interface</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/migration/ethers-v4/#migration-v4--utilities">Utilities</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/migration/ethers-v4/#migration-v4--wallet">Wallet</a></div><div class="base child show link depth-1"><a href="/testing/">Testing</a></div><div class="base child show link depth-1"><a href="/contributing/">Contributing and Hacking</a></div><div class="hide link depth-2"><a href="/contributing/#contributing-and-hacking--building">Building</a></div><div class="base child show link depth-1"><a href="/documentation/">Flatworm Docs</a></div><div class="hide link depth-2"><a href="/documentation/#flatworm-fragments">Fragments</a></div><div class="hide link depth-2"><a href="/documentation/#flatworm-markdown">Markdown</a></div><div class="hide link depth-2"><a href="/documentation/#flatworm-config">Configuration</a></div><div class="hide link depth-2"><a href="/documentation/#flatworm-extended-directive-functions">Extended Directive Functions</a></div><div class="base child show link depth-1"><a href="/license/">License and Copyright</a></div></div></div></div><div class="content"><div class="breadcrumbs"><span class="current">Documentation</span></div><a name="documentation"></a><h1 class="show-anchors"><div>Documentation<div class="anchors"><a class="self" href="#documentation"></a></div></div></h1>
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<a name="documentation--what-is-ethers"></a><h2 class="show-anchors"><div>What is Ethers?<div class="anchors"><a class="self" href="#documentation--what-is-ethers"></a></div></div></h2>
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<p>The ethers.js library aims to be a complete and compact library for interacting with the Ethereum Blockchain and its ecosystem. It was originally designed for use with <a href="https://ethers.io/">ethers . io</a> and has since expanded into a much more general-purpose library.</p>
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<a name="documentation--features"></a><h2 class="show-anchors"><div>Features<div class="anchors"><a class="self" href="#documentation--features"></a></div></div></h2>
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<ul><li>Keep your private keys in your client, <b>safe</b> and sound</li><li>Import and export <b>JSON wallets</b> (Geth, Parity and crowdsale)</li><li>Import and export BIP 39 <b>mnemonic phrases</b> (12 word backup phrases) and HD Wallets (English, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese; more coming soon)</li><li>Meta-classes create JavaScript objects from any contract ABI, including <b>ABIv2</b> and <b>Human-Readable ABI</b></li><li>Connect to Ethereum nodes over <a href="https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC">JSON-RPC</a>, <a href="https://infura.io">INFURA</a>, <a href="https://etherscan.io">Etherscan</a>, <a href="https://alchemyapi.io">Alchemy</a>, <a href="https://developers.cloudflare.com/distributed-web/ethereum-gateway/">Cloudflare</a> or <a href="https://metamask.io/">MetaMask</a>.</li><li><b>ENS names</b> are first-class citizens; they can be used anywhere an Ethereum addresses can be used</li><li><b>Tiny</b> (~88kb compressed; 284kb uncompressed)</li><li><b>Complete</b> functionality for all your Ethereum needs</li><li>Extensive <a href="https://docs.ethers.io/">documentation</a></li><li>Large collection of <b>test cases</b> which are maintained and added to</li><li>Fully <b>TypeScript</b> ready, with definition files and full TypeScript source</li><li><b>MIT License</b> (including <i>ALL</i> dependencies); completely open source to do with as you please</li></ul>
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<a name="documentation--developer-documentation"></a><h2 class="show-anchors"><div>Developer Documentation<div class="anchors"><a class="self" href="#documentation--developer-documentation"></a></div></div></h2>
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<div class="toc"><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/getting-started/">Getting Started</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/getting-started/#getting-started--installing">Installing</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/getting-started/#getting-started--importing">Importing</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/concepts/">Concepts</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/concepts/events/">Events</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/concepts/events/#events--solidity-topics">Solidity Topics</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/concepts/gas/">Gas</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/concepts/gas/#gas-price">Gas Price</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/concepts/gas/#gas-limit">Gas Limit</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/">Application Programming Interface</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/contract/">Contract Interaction</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/contract/contract/">Contract</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/contract/contract/#contract--properties">Properties</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/contract/contract/#contract--methods">Methods</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/contract/contract/#contract--events">Events</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/contract/contract/#contract-metaclass">Meta-Class</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/contract/example/">Example: ERC-20 Contract</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/contract/example/#example-erc-20-contract--connecting-to-a-contract">Connecting to a Contract</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/contract/example/#example-erc-20-contract--properties-inheritted-from-contract">Properties ^^//(inheritted from [[contract]])//^^</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/contract/example/#example-erc-20-contract--methods-inheritted-from-contract">Methods ^^//(inheritted from [[contract]])//^^</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/contract/example/#erc20-events">Events ^^//(inheritted from Contract)//^^</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/contract/example/#example-erc-20-contract--meta-class-methods-added-at-runtime">Meta-Class Methods ^^//(added at Runtime)//^^</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/contract/example/#example-erc-20-contract--meta-class-filters-added-at-runtime">Meta-Class Filters ^^//(added at Runtime)//^^</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/signer/">Signers</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/signer/#signer">Signer</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/signer/#wallet">Wallet</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/signer/#void-signer">VoidSigner</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/signer/#externally-owned-account">ExternallyOwnedAccount</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/">Providers</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/provider/">Provider</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/provider/#provider--accounts-methods">Accounts Methods</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/provider/#provider--blocks-methods">Blocks Methods</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/provider/#provider--ethereum-naming-service-ens-methods">Ethereum Naming Service (ENS) Methods</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/provider/#provider--logs-methods">Logs Methods</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/provider/#provider--network-status-methods">Network Status Methods</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/provider/#provider--transactions-methods">Transactions Methods</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/provider/#provider--event-emitter-methods">Event Emitter Methods</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/provider/#provider--inspection-methods">Inspection Methods</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/jsonrpc-provider/">JsonRpcProvider</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/jsonrpc-provider/#signer-jsonrpc">JsonRpcSigner</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/jsonrpc-provider/#provider-jsonrpc-uncheckedsigner">JsonRpcUncheckedSigner</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/api-providers/">API Providers</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/api-providers/#api-providers--etherscanprovider">EtherscanProvider</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/api-providers/#api-providers--infuraprovider">InfuraProvider</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/api-providers/#api-providers--alchemyprovider">AlchemyProvider</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/api-providers/#api-providers--cloudfrontprovider">CloudfrontProvider</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/other/">Other Providers</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/other/#provider-fallback">FallbackProvider</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/other/#provider-ipc">IpcProvider</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/other/#provider-urljsonrpc">UrlJsonRpcProvider</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/other/#provider-web3">Web3Provider</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/types/">Types</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/types/#provider-blocktag">BlockTag</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/types/#provider-network">Network</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/types/#provider-block">Block</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/types/#types--events-and-logs">Events and Logs</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/providers/types/#types--transactions">Transactions</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/">Utilities</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/abi/">Application Binary Interface</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/abi/interface/">Interface</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/abi/interface/#abi-interface--creating-instances">Creating Instances</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/abi/interface/#abi-interface--properties">Properties</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/abi/interface/#abi-interface--formatting">Formatting</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/abi/interface/#abi-interface--fragment-access">Fragment Access</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/abi/interface/#abi-interface--signature-and-topic-hashes">Signature and Topic Hashes</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/abi/interface/#abi-interface--encoding-data">Encoding Data</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/abi/interface/#abi-interface--decoding-data">Decoding Data</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/abi/interface/#abi-interface--parsing">Parsing</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/abi/interface/#abi-interface--types">Types</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/abi/interface/#abi-fragmentid">Specifying Fragments</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/abi/fragments/">Fragments</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/abi/fragments/#fragments--formats">Formats</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/abi/fragments/#abi-fragment">Fragment</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/abi/fragments/#abi-constructorfragment">ConstructorFragment</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/abi/fragments/#abi-eventfragment">EventFragment</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/abi/fragments/#abi-functionfragment">FunctionFragment</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/abi/fragments/#abi-paramtype">ParamType</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/address/">Addresses</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/address/#address-formats">Address Formats</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/address/#addresses--functions">Functions</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/bignumber/">BigNumber</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/bignumber/#bignumber--types">Types</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/bignumber/#bignumber--creating-instances">Creating Instances</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/bignumber/#bignumber--methods">Methods</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/bignumber/#bignumber--notes">Notes</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/bytes/">Byte Manipulation</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/bytes/#byte-manipulation--types">Types</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/bytes/#byte-manipulation--inspection">Inspection</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/bytes/#byte-manipulation--converting-between-arrays-and-hexstrings">Converting between Arrays and Hexstrings</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/bytes/#byte-manipulation--array-manipulation">Array Manipulation</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/bytes/#byte-manipulation--hexstring-manipulation">Hexstring Manipulation</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/bytes/#byte-manipulation--signature-conversion">Signature Conversion</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/bytes/#byte-manipulation--random-bytes">Random Bytes</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/constants/">Constants</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/constants/#constants--bytes">Bytes</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/constants/#constants--strings">Strings</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/constants/#constants--bignumber">BigNumber</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/display-logic/">Display Logic and Input</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/display-logic/#display-logic-and-input--units">Units</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/display-logic/#display-logic-and-input--functions">Functions</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/encoding/">Encoding Utilities</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/encoding/#bse58">Base58</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/encoding/#base64">Base64</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/encoding/#rlp">Recursive-Length Prefix</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/fixednumber/">FixedNumber</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/fixednumber/#fixednumber--creating-instances">Creating Instances</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/fixednumber/#fixednumber--properties">Properties</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/fixednumber/#fixednumber--methods">Methods</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/fixednumber/#fixedformat">FixedFormat</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/hashing/">Hashing Algorithms</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/hashing/#hashing-algorithms--cryptographic-hashing">Cryptographic Hashing</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/hashing/#hashing-algorithms--common-hashing-helpers">Common Hashing Helpers</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/hashing/#hashing-algorithms--solidity-hashing-algorithms">Solidity Hashing Algorithms</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/hdnode/">HD Wallet</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/hdnode/#hd-wallet--types">Types</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/hdnode/#hdnode">HDNode</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/hdnode/#hd-wallet--other-functions">Other Functions</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/logger/">Logging</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/logger/#logger">Logger</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/logger/#errors">Errors</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/logger/#logger-levels">Log Levels</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/properties/">Property Utilities</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/signing-key/">Signing Key</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/signing-key/#utils-signingkey--other-functions">Other Functions</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/strings/">Strings</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/strings/#bytes32-string">Bytes32String</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/strings/#utf8-string">UTF-8 Strings</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/strings/#unicode-normalization-form">UnicodeNormalizationForm</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/strings/#utf8error">Custom UTF-8 Error Handling</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/transactions/">Transactions</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/transactions/#utils-transactions--types">Types</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/transactions/#utils-transactions--functions">Functions</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/web/">Web Utilities</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/wordlists/">Wordlists</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/wordlists/#wordlist">Wordlist</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/utils/wordlists/#wordlist-languages">Languages</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/other/">Other Libraries</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/other/assembly/">Assembly</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/other/assembly/dialect/">Ethers ASM Dialect</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/other/assembly/dialect/#asm-dialect-opcode">Opcodes</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/other/assembly/dialect/#asm-dialect-label">Labels</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/other/assembly/dialect/#asm-dialect-literal">Literals</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/other/assembly/dialect/#asm-dialect-comment">Comments</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/other/assembly/dialect/#asm-dialect-scope">Scopes</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/other/assembly/dialect/#asm-dialect-datasegment">Data Segment</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/other/assembly/dialect/#asm-dialect-links">Links</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/other/assembly/dialect/#asm-dialect-placeholder">Stack Placeholders</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/other/assembly/dialect/#asm-dialect-scripting">Evaluation and Excution</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/other/assembly/api/">Utilities</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/other/assembly/api/#asm-utilities--assembler">Assembler</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/other/assembly/api/#asm-utilities--disassembler">Disassembler</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/other/assembly/api/#asm-opcode">Opcode</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/other/assembly/ast/">Abstract Syntax Tree</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/other/assembly/ast/#asm-ast--types">Types</a></div><div style="padding-left: 112px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/other/assembly/ast/#asm-ast--nodes">Nodes</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/other/hardware/">Hardware Wallets</a></div><div style="padding-left: 84px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/api/other/hardware/#hw-ledger">LedgerSigner</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/cli/">Command Line Interfaces</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/cli/ethers/">Sandbox Utility</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/cli/ethers/#sandbox-utility--help">Help</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/cli/ethers/#sandbox-utility--examples">Examples</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/cli/asm/">Assembler</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/cli/asm/#cli-asm--help">Help</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/cli/asm/#cli-asm--example-input-files">Example Input Files</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/cli/asm/#cli-asm--assembler-examples">Assembler Examples</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/cli/asm/#cli-asm--disassembler-examples">Disassembler Examples</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/cli/ens/">Ethereum Naming Service</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/cli/ens/#ethereum-naming-service--help">Help</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/cli/ens/#ethereum-naming-service--examples">Examples</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/cli/typescript/">TypeScript</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/cli/typescript/#typescript--help">Help</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/cli/typescript/#typescript--examples">Examples</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/cli/plugin/">Making Your Own</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/cli/plugin/#cli-cli">CLI</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/cli/plugin/#cli-plugin">Plugin</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/cli/plugin/#cli-argparser">ArgParser</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/cookbook/">Cookbook</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/migration/">Migration Guide</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/migration/web3/">Migration: From Web3.js</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/migration/web3/#migration-from-web3-js--contracts">Contracts</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/migration/web3/#migration-from-web3-js--providers">Providers</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/migration/web3/#migration-from-web3-js--numbers">Numbers</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/migration/web3/#migration-from-web3-js--utilities">Utilities</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/migration/ethers-v4/">Migration: From Ethers v4</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/migration/ethers-v4/#migration-v4--bignumber">BigNumber</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/migration/ethers-v4/#migration-v4--contracts">Contracts</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/migration/ethers-v4/#migration-v4--errors">Errors</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/migration/ethers-v4/#migration-v4--interface">Interface</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/migration/ethers-v4/#migration-v4--utilities">Utilities</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/migration/ethers-v4/#migration-v4--wallet">Wallet</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/testing/">Testing</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/contributing/">Contributing and Hacking</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/contributing/#contributing-and-hacking--building">Building</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/documentation/">Flatworm Docs</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/documentation/#flatworm-fragments">Fragments</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/documentation/#flatworm-markdown">Markdown</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/documentation/#flatworm-config">Configuration</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/documentation/#flatworm-extended-directive-functions">Extended Directive Functions</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/license/">License and Copyright</a></div></div>
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<a name="documentation--legacy-documentation"></a><h2 class="show-anchors"><div>Legacy Documentation<div class="anchors"><a class="self" href="#documentation--legacy-documentation"></a></div></div></h2>
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<p>This section will be kept up to date, linking to documentation of older versions of the library.</p><ul><li><a href="https://docs.ethers.io/ethers.js">version 4 . 0</a></li><li><a href="https://docs.ethers.io/ethers.js/v3.0/html/">version 3 . 0</a></li></ul><div class="footer"> <div class="nav next"><a href="/getting-started/">Getting Started<span class="arrow">→</span></a></div></div><div class="copyright">The content of this site is licensed under the <a href="https://choosealicense.com/licenses/cc-by-4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</div></div><script src="/script.js" type="text/javascript"></script></body></html><!-- ContentHash:74113271f352cd4cf687e4ba8e9e79bad7654c52b64009e69a38c9dfb12aa97d --> |