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<div class="logo"><a href="/v5/"><div class="image"></div><div class="name">ethers</div><div class="version">v5.0</div></a></div>
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<div class="link title"><a href="/v5/">Documentation</a></div><div class="base show link depth-1"><a href="/v5/getting-started/">Getting Started</a></div><div class="base show link depth-1"><a href="/v5/concepts/">Ethereum Basics</a></div><div class="hide link depth-2"><a href="/v5/concepts/events/">Events</a></div><div class="hide link depth-2"><a href="/v5/concepts/gas/">Gas</a></div><div class="hide link depth-2"><a href="/v5/concepts/security/">Security</a></div><div class="base ancestor show link depth-1"><a href="/v5/api/">Application Programming Interface</a></div><div class="show link depth-2"><a href="/v5/api/contract/">Contract Interaction</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/v5/api/contract/contract/">Contract</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/v5/api/contract/contract-factory/">ContractFactory</a></div><div class="hide link depth-3"><a href="/v5/api/contract/example/">Example: ERC-20 Contract</a></div><div class="show link depth-2"><a 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<div class="breadcrumbs"><a href="/v5/">Documentation</a> » <a href="/v5/api/">API</a> » <span class="current">Utilities</span></div>
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<a name="utilities"></a><h1 class="show-anchors"><div>Utilities<div class="anchors"><a class="self" href="/v5/api/utils/#utilities"></a></div></div></h1><p>These utilities are used extensively within the library, but are also quite useful for application developers.</p>
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<div class="toc"><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/abi/">Application Binary Interface</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/abi/coder/">AbiCoder</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/abi/coder/#AbiCoder--creating">Creating Instance</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/abi/coder/#AbiCoder--methods">Coding Methods</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/abi/formats/">ABI Formats</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/abi/formats/#abi-formats--human-readable-abi">Human-Readable ABI</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/abi/formats/#abi-formats--solidity">Solidity JSON ABI</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/abi/fragments/">Fragments</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/abi/fragments/#fragments--formats">Formats</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/abi/fragments/#Fragment">Fragment</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/abi/fragments/#ConstructorFragment">ConstructorFragment</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/abi/fragments/#EventFragment">EventFragment</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/abi/fragments/#FunctionFragment">FunctionFragment</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/abi/fragments/#ParamType">ParamType</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/abi/interface/">Interface</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/abi/interface/#Interface--creating">Creating Instances</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/abi/interface/#Interface--properties">Properties</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/abi/interface/#Interface--formatting">Formatting</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/abi/interface/#Interface--fragments">Fragment Access</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/abi/interface/#Interface--selectors">Signature and Topic Hashes</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/abi/interface/#Interface--encoding">Encoding Data</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/abi/interface/#Interface--decoding">Decoding Data</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/abi/interface/#Interface--parsing">Parsing</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/abi/interface/#Interface--types">Types</a></div><div style="padding-left: 56px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/abi/interface/#Interface--specifying-fragments">Specifying Fragments</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/address/">Addresses</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/address/#address-formats">Address Formats</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/address/#utils--address">Converting and Verifying</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/address/#utils--address-derivation">Derivation</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/address/#utils--contract-addresses">Contracts Addresses</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/bignumber/">BigNumber</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/bignumber/#BigNumber--types">Types</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/bignumber/#BigNumber--creating">Creating Instances</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/bignumber/#BigNumber--methods">Methods</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/bignumber/#BigNumber--notes">Notes</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/bytes/">Byte Manipulation</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/bytes/#byte-manipulation--types">Types</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/bytes/#byte-manipulation--inspection">Inspection</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/bytes/#byte-manipulation--converting-between-arrays-and-hexstrings">Converting between Arrays and Hexstrings</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/bytes/#byte-manipulation--array-manipulation">Array Manipulation</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/bytes/#byte-manipulation--hexstring-manipulation">Hexstring Manipulation</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/bytes/#byte-manipulation--signature-conversion">Signature Conversion</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/bytes/#byte-manipulation--random-bytes">Random Bytes</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/constants/">Constants</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/constants/#constants--bytes">Bytes</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/constants/#constants--strings">Strings</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/constants/#constants--bignumber">BigNumber</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/display-logic/">Display Logic and Input</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/display-logic/#display-logic-and-input--units">Units</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/display-logic/#display-logic-and-input--functions">Functions</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/encoding/">Encoding Utilities</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/encoding/#Bse58">Base58</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/encoding/#Base64">Base64</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/encoding/#rlp--methods">Recursive-Length Prefix</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/fixednumber/">FixedNumber</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/fixednumber/#FixedNumber--creating-instances">Creating Instances</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/fixednumber/#FixedNumber--properties">Properties</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/fixednumber/#FixedNumber--methods">Methods</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/fixednumber/#FixedFormat">FixedFormat</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/hashing/">Hashing Algorithms</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/hashing/#cryptographic-hash-functions">Cryptographic Hash Functions</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/hashing/#utils--hmac">HMAC</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/hashing/#utils--hashing-helpers">Hashing Helpers</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/hashing/#utils--solidity-hashing">Solidity Hashing Algorithms</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/hdnode/">HD Wallet</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/hdnode/#hdnodes--types">Types</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/hdnode/#HDNode">HDNode</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/hdnode/#HDNode--utilities">Other Functions</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/logger/">Logging</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/logger/#Logger">Logger</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/logger/#errors">Errors</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/logger/#Logger-levels">Log Levels</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/properties/">Property Utilities</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/signing-key/">Signing Key</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/signing-key/#SigningKey--other-functions">Other Functions</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/strings/">Strings</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/strings/#Bytes32String">Bytes32String</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/strings/#strings-utf8">UTF-8 Strings</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/strings/#strings--unicode-normalization-form">UnicodeNormalizationForm</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/strings/#strings--error-handling">Custom UTF-8 Error Handling</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/transactions/">Transactions</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/transactions/#transactions--types">Types</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/transactions/#transactions--functions">Functions</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/web/">Web Utilities</a></div><div style="padding-left: 0px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/wordlists/">Wordlists</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/wordlists/#Wordlist">Wordlist</a></div><div style="padding-left: 28px"><span class="bullet">•</span><a href="/v5/api/utils/wordlists/#wordlists--languages">Languages</a></div></div>
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