temporary commit

src/sonic/helped/poly.rs

@@ -74,11 +74,11 @@ impl<E: Engine> SxEval<E> {
 
         let mut acc = E::Fr::zero();
 
-        let mut tmp = x_inv;
+        let tmp = x_inv;
         acc.add_assign(&evaluate_at_consequitive_powers(& self.u[..], tmp, tmp));
-        let mut tmp = x;
+        let tmp = x;
         acc.add_assign(&evaluate_at_consequitive_powers(& self.v[..], tmp, tmp));
-        let mut tmp = x.pow(&[(self.v.len()+1) as u64]);
+        let tmp = x.pow(&[(self.v.len()+1) as u64]);
         acc.add_assign(&evaluate_at_consequitive_powers(& self.w[..], tmp, x));
 
         // let mut tmp = x_inv;

src/sonic/helped/prover.rs

@@ -240,7 +240,6 @@ pub fn create_proof_on_srs<E: Engine, C: Circuit<E>, S: SynthesisDriver>(
     rx1.push(E::Fr::zero());
     rx1.extend(wires.a);
 
-
     let mut rxy = rx1.clone();
 
     let y_inv = y.inverse().ok_or(SynthesisError::DivisionByZero)?;

src/sonic/tests/sonics.rs

@@ -538,3 +538,101 @@ fn test_high_level_sonic_api() {
         }
     }
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_constraints_info() {
+    use pairing::bn256::{Bn256};
+    use std::time::{Instant};
+    use crate::sonic::unhelped::padding::{constraints_info};
+    {
+        // This may not be cryptographically safe, use
+        // `OsRng` (for example) in production software.
+        let mut rng = &mut thread_rng();
+
+        // Generate the MiMC round constants
+        let constants = (0..MIMC_ROUNDS).map(|_| rng.gen()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+        let xl = rng.gen();
+        let xr = rng.gen();
+        let image = mimc::<Bn256>(xl, xr, &constants);
+
+        // Create an instance of our circuit (with the
+        // witness)
+        let circuit = MiMCDemo {
+            xl: Some(xl),
+            xr: Some(xr),
+            constants: &constants
+        };
+
+        constraints_info::<Bn256, _>(circuit.clone());
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_padding_using_mimc() {
+    use pairing::ff::{Field, PrimeField};
+    use pairing::{Engine, CurveAffine, CurveProjective};
+    use pairing::bls12_381::{Bls12, Fr};
+    use std::time::{Instant};
+    use crate::sonic::srs::SRS;
+
+    let srs_x = Fr::from_str("23923").unwrap();
+    let srs_alpha = Fr::from_str("23728792").unwrap();
+    println!("making srs");
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let srs = SRS::<Bls12>::dummy(830564, srs_x, srs_alpha);
+    println!("done in {:?}", start.elapsed());
+
+    {
+        // This may not be cryptographically safe, use
+        // `OsRng` (for example) in production software.
+        let rng = &mut thread_rng();
+
+        // Generate the MiMC round constants
+        let constants = (0..MIMC_ROUNDS).map(|_| rng.gen()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let samples: usize = 100;
+
+        let xl = rng.gen();
+        let xr = rng.gen();
+        let image = mimc::<Bls12>(xl, xr, &constants);
+
+        // Create an instance of our circuit (with the
+        // witness)
+        let circuit = MiMCDemoNoInputs {
+            xl: Some(xl),
+            xr: Some(xr),
+            image: Some(image),
+            constants: &constants
+        };
+
+        use crate::sonic::cs::Basic;
+        use crate::sonic::sonic::AdaptorCircuit;
+        use crate::sonic::helped::prover::{create_advice_on_srs, create_proof_on_srs};
+        use crate::sonic::helped::{MultiVerifier, get_circuit_parameters};
+        use crate::sonic::helped::helper::{create_aggregate_on_srs};
+        use crate::sonic::unhelped::padding::Padding;
+
+        let info = get_circuit_parameters::<Bls12, _>(circuit.clone()).expect("Must get circuit info");
+        println!("{:?}", info);
+
+        println!("creating proof");
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        let proof = create_proof_on_srs::<Bls12, _, Padding>(&AdaptorCircuit(circuit.clone()), &srs).unwrap();
+        println!("done in {:?}", start.elapsed());
+
+        {
+            let rng = thread_rng();
+            let mut verifier = MultiVerifier::<Bls12, _, Padding, _>::new(AdaptorCircuit(circuit.clone()), &srs, rng).unwrap();
+            println!("K map = {:?}", verifier.get_k_map());
+            println!("verifying 1 proof without advice");
+            let start = Instant::now();
+            {
+                for _ in 0..1 {
+                    verifier.add_proof(&proof, &[], |_, _| None);
+                }
+                assert_eq!(verifier.check_all(), true); // TODO
+            }
+            println!("done in {:?}", start.elapsed());
+        }
+    }
+}

src/sonic/unhelped/mod.rs

@@ -7,5 +7,6 @@ mod s2_proof;
 mod wellformed_argument;
 mod grand_product_argument;
 mod permutation_argument;
+pub mod padding;
 
 pub use self::wellformed_argument::{WellformednessArgument, WellformednessProof};

src/sonic/unhelped/padding.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,686 @@
+use pairing::ff::{Field};
+use pairing::{Engine, CurveProjective};
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+
+use crate::sonic::cs::{Backend};
+use crate::sonic::cs::{Coeff, Variable, LinearCombination};
+use crate::sonic::util::*;
+use crate::sonic::util::*;
+use crate::sonic::cs::{SynthesisDriver};
+use crate::Circuit as BellmanCircuit;
+use crate::sonic::sonic::AdaptorCircuit;
+use crate::sonic::cs::Circuit;
+use crate::sonic::cs::ConstraintSystem;
+use crate::sonic::cs::Nonassigning;
+use crate::SynthesisError;
+
+/*
+s_1(X, Y) =   \sum\limits_{i=1}^N u_i(Y) X^{N + 1 - i}
+          + \sum\limits_{i=1}^N v_i(Y) X^{N + 1 + i}
+          + \sum\limits_{i=1}^N w_i(Y) X^{2N + 1 + i}
+
+where
+
+    u_i(Y) =        \sum\limits_{q=1}^Q Y^{q} u_{i,q}
+    v_i(Y) =        \sum\limits_{q=1}^Q Y^{q} v_{i,q}
+    w_i(Y) =        \sum\limits_{q=1}^Q Y^{q} w_{i,q}
+
+s_1(X, Y) = \sum\limits_{i=1}^(3N + 1) [u_{N + 1 - i}(Y), v_{i - N - 1}(Y), w_{i - 2N - 1}(Y)] X^{i}
+
+where [] means concatenation
+
+if we open up both sums a little it would look like
+
+// q = 1,
+Y * ( X * u_{N, 1} + X^{N + 1} * v_{1, 1} + X^{2N + 1} * w{1, 1}) = Y * (k_0 * X + k_1 * X^{N + 1} + k_2 * X^{2N + 1})
+and for permutation where should exist another term over Y that would have the same structure, but with coefficients permuted, e.g.
+Y^{p_1} * (k_1 * X + k_2 * X^{N + 1} + k_0 * X^{2N + 1}) and Y^{p_2} * (k_2 * X + k_0 * X^{N + 1} + k_1 * X^{2N + 1})
+that would result in a sum 
+
+  X * (k_0 * Y + k_1 * Y^{p_1} + k_2 * Y^{p_2}) 
++ X^{N + 1} * (k_1 * Y + k_2 * Y^{p_1} + k_0 * Y^{p_2})
++ X^{2N + 1} * (k_2 * Y + k_0 * Y^{p_1} + k_1 * Y^{p_2})
+
+and permutations would look like 
+                                [k_0, k_1, k_2]
+                                [1  , p_1, p_2]
+
+                                [k_0, k_1, k_2]
+                                [p_2, 1  , p_1]
+
+                                [k_0, k_1, k_2]
+                                [p_1, p_2, 1  ]
+
+that would naively mean that k_0 should appear in constraint number 1   for variable number 1
+                                                  constraint number p_1 for variable number N + 1
+                                                  constraint number p_2 for variable number 2N + 1
+
+restructuring strategy:
+
+where u_{i, q} is a coefficient in a linear constraint for an A type variable number i
+that corresponds to the qth multiplication gate
+
+to make s_1 representable as a permutation we first must synthesize all the normal constraints,
+then make what would look like a cyclic shift + expansion
+
+- imagine that there were originally N variables
+- variable A(i) in linear constraint number q had a coefficient of u{i, q}
+- add a variable B(i+n) that would have a number 
+
+*/
+
+pub struct Debugging<E> {
+    constraint_num: usize,
+    u: Vec<String>,
+    v: Vec<String>,
+    w: Vec<String>,
+    _marker: std::marker::PhantomData<E>
+}
+
+impl<'a, E: Engine> Backend<E> for &'a mut Debugging<E> {
+    fn new_linear_constraint(&mut self) {
+        self.constraint_num += 1;
+        self.u.push("".to_string());
+        self.v.push("".to_string());
+        self.w.push("".to_string());
+    }
+
+    fn insert_coefficient(&mut self, var: Variable, coeff: Coeff<E>) {
+        let one = E::Fr::one();
+        let mut minus_one = one;
+        minus_one.negate();
+        match var {
+            Variable::A(index) => {
+                let acc = &mut self.u[self.constraint_num - 1];
+                match coeff {
+                    Coeff::Zero => { },
+                    Coeff::One => {
+                        acc.push_str(&format!(" + A{}", index));
+                    },
+                    Coeff::NegativeOne => {
+                        acc.push_str(&format!(" - A{}", index));
+                    },
+                    Coeff::Full(val) => {
+                        if val == one {
+                            acc.push_str(&format!(" + A{}", index));
+                        } else if val == minus_one {
+                            acc.push_str(&format!(" - A{}", index));
+                        } else {
+                            acc.push_str(&format!(" + {}*A{}", val, index));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Variable::B(index) => {
+                let acc = &mut self.v[self.constraint_num - 1];
+                match coeff {
+                    Coeff::Zero => { },
+                    Coeff::One => {
+                        acc.push_str(&format!(" + B{}", index));
+                    },
+                    Coeff::NegativeOne => {
+                        acc.push_str(&format!(" - B{}", index));
+                    },
+                    Coeff::Full(val) => {
+                        if val == one {
+                            acc.push_str(&format!(" + B{}", index));
+                        } else if val == minus_one {
+                            acc.push_str(&format!(" - B{}", index));
+                        } else {
+                            acc.push_str(&format!(" + {}*B{}", val, index));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Variable::C(index) => {
+                let acc = &mut self.w[self.constraint_num - 1];
+                match coeff {
+                    Coeff::Zero => { },
+                    Coeff::One => {
+                        acc.push_str(&format!(" + C{}", index));
+                    },
+                    Coeff::NegativeOne => {
+                        acc.push_str(&format!(" - C{}", index));
+                    },
+                    Coeff::Full(val) => {
+                        if val == one {
+                            acc.push_str(&format!(" + C{}", index));
+                        } else if val == minus_one {
+                            acc.push_str(&format!(" - C{}", index));
+                        } else {
+                            acc.push_str(&format!(" + {}*C{}", val, index));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Padding;
+
+impl SynthesisDriver for Padding {
+    fn synthesize<E: Engine, C: Circuit<E>, B: Backend<E>>(backend: B, circuit: &C) -> Result<(), SynthesisError> {
+        struct Synthesizer<E: Engine, B: Backend<E>> {
+            backend: B,
+            current_variable: Option<usize>,
+            _marker: PhantomData<E>,
+            q: usize,
+            n: usize,
+        }
+
+        impl<E: Engine, B: Backend<E>>Synthesizer<E, B> {
+            fn purge_current_var(&mut self) {
+                match self.current_variable.take() {
+                    Some(index) => {
+                        let var_a = Variable::A(index);
+                        let var_b = Variable::B(index);
+                        let var_c = Variable::C(index);
+
+                        let mut product = None;
+
+                        let value_a = self.backend.get_var(var_a);
+
+                        self.backend.set_var(var_b, || {
+                            let value_b = E::Fr::one();
+                            product = Some(value_a.ok_or(SynthesisError::AssignmentMissing)?);
+                            product.as_mut().map(|product| product.mul_assign(&value_b));
+
+                            Ok(value_b)
+                        }).expect("should exist by now");
+
+                        self.backend.set_var(var_c, || {
+                            product.ok_or(SynthesisError::AssignmentMissing)
+                        }).expect("should exist by now");
+
+                        self.current_variable = None;
+                    },
+                    _ => {}
+                }
+            }
+
+            fn alloc_one(&mut self) -> Variable {
+                self.n += 1;
+                let index = self.n;
+                assert_eq!(index, 1);
+                self.backend.new_multiplication_gate();
+
+                let var_a = Variable::A(1);
+                let var_b = Variable::B(1);
+                let var_c = Variable::C(1);
+
+                self.backend.set_var(var_a, || {
+                    Ok(E::Fr::one())
+                }).expect("should exist by now");
+
+                self.backend.set_var(var_b, || {
+                    Ok(E::Fr::one())
+                }).expect("should exist by now");
+
+                self.backend.set_var(var_c, || {
+                    Ok(E::Fr::one())
+                }).expect("should exist by now");
+
+                self.q += 1;
+                self.backend.new_linear_constraint();
+                self.backend.insert_coefficient(var_a, Coeff::One);
+                self.backend.insert_coefficient(var_b, Coeff::One);
+                self.backend.insert_coefficient(var_c, Coeff::NegativeOne);
+                self.backend.new_k_power(self.q);
+
+                var_a
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl<E: Engine, B: Backend<E>> ConstraintSystem<E> for Synthesizer<E, B> {
+            const ONE: Variable = Variable::A(1);
+
+            fn alloc<F>(&mut self, value: F) -> Result<Variable, SynthesisError>
+            where
+                F: FnOnce() -> Result<E::Fr, SynthesisError>
+            {
+                match self.current_variable.take() {
+                    Some(index) => {
+                        let var_a = Variable::A(index);
+                        let var_b = Variable::B(index);
+                        let var_c = Variable::C(index);
+
+                        let mut product = None;
+
+                        let value_a = self.backend.get_var(var_a);
+
+                        self.backend.set_var(var_b, || {
+                            let value_b = value()?;
+                            product = Some(value_a.ok_or(SynthesisError::AssignmentMissing)?);
+                            product.as_mut().map(|product| product.mul_assign(&value_b));
+
+                            Ok(value_b)
+                        })?;
+
+                        self.backend.set_var(var_c, || {
+                            product.ok_or(SynthesisError::AssignmentMissing)
+                        })?;
+
+                        self.current_variable = None;
+
+                        Ok(var_b)
+                    },
+                    None => {
+                        self.n += 1;
+                        let index = self.n;
+                        self.backend.new_multiplication_gate();
+
+                        let var_a = Variable::A(index);
+
+                        self.backend.set_var(var_a, value)?;
+
+                        self.current_variable = Some(index);
+
+                        Ok(var_a)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // TODO: allocate input without spawning extra constraints
+            fn alloc_input<F>(&mut self, value: F) -> Result<Variable, SynthesisError>
+            where
+                F: FnOnce() -> Result<E::Fr, SynthesisError>
+            {
+                // self.purge_current_var();
+                // self.n += 1;
+                // self.backend.new_multiplication_gate();
+
+                // let index = self.n;
+
+                // let var = Variable::A::(index);
+
+                // self.q += 1;
+                // self.backend.new_k_power(self.q);
+                // self.backend.self.backend.insert_coefficient(new_var, Coeff::One);
+
+                // it's always going to be 
+                let input_var = self.alloc(value)?;
+
+                self.enforce_zero(LinearCombination::zero() + input_var);
+                self.backend.new_k_power(self.q-2);
+                self.backend.new_k_power(self.q-1);
+                self.backend.new_k_power(self.q);
+
+                Ok(input_var)
+            }
+
+            fn enforce_zero(&mut self, lc: LinearCombination<E>)
+            {
+                self.q += 1;
+                self.backend.new_linear_constraint();
+
+                for (var, coeff) in lc.as_ref() {
+                    self.backend.insert_coefficient(*var, *coeff);
+                }
+
+                // now we need to "rotate" a linear constraint by allocating more dummy variables, so ensuring
+                // that if for some q (index of LC) there is a coefficient C in front of a variable A(i) (that will result in a term ~ C*Y^{q}*X^{i})
+                // then there will be some other q' where there is a coefficient C in front of the variable B(i)
+                // (that will result in a term ~ C*Y^{q'}*X^{i+N}) and another q'' with C in front of C(i)
+                // (that will result in a term ~ C*Y^{q''}*X^{i+2N}), so S polynomial is indeed a permutation
+
+                // allocate at max 1 variable to later work with whole gates directly
+
+                self.purge_current_var();
+
+                use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+                // A -> B, B -> C, C -> A
+                {
+                    self.q += 1;
+                    self.backend.new_linear_constraint();
+
+                    let mut allocation_map = HashMap::with_capacity(lc.as_ref().len());
+                    let mut expected_new_index = self.n + 1;
+
+                    // determine size of the map
+                    for (var, _) in lc.as_ref() {
+                        match var {
+                            Variable::A(index) => {
+                                if allocation_map.get(index).is_none() && *index != 1 {
+                                    allocation_map.insert(*index, expected_new_index);
+                                    expected_new_index += 1;
+                                    println!("A{} -> B{}", index, expected_new_index);
+                                }
+                            },
+                            Variable::B(index) => {
+                                if allocation_map.get(index).is_none() && *index != 2 {
+                                    allocation_map.insert(*index, expected_new_index);
+                                    expected_new_index += 1;
+                                    println!("B{} -> C{}", index, expected_new_index);
+                                }
+                            },
+                            Variable::C(index) => {
+                                if allocation_map.get(index).is_none() && *index != 3 {
+                                    allocation_map.insert(*index, expected_new_index);
+                                    expected_new_index += 1;
+                                    println!("C{} -> A{}", index, expected_new_index);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    for _ in 0..allocation_map.len() {
+                        self.backend.new_multiplication_gate();
+                        self.n += 1;
+                    }
+
+                    for (index, new_index) in allocation_map.iter() {
+                        let var_a = Variable::A(*new_index);
+                        let var_b = Variable::B(*new_index);
+                        let var_c = Variable::C(*new_index);
+
+                        // A -> B, B -> C, C -> A
+                        let b_val = self.backend.get_var(Variable::A(*index));
+                        let c_val = self.backend.get_var(Variable::B(*index));
+                        let a_val = self.backend.get_var(Variable::C(*index));
+
+                        self.backend.set_var(var_a, || {
+                            let value = a_val.ok_or(SynthesisError::AssignmentMissing)?;
+
+                            Ok(value)
+                        }).expect("should exist by now");
+
+                        self.backend.set_var(var_b, || {
+                            let value = b_val.ok_or(SynthesisError::AssignmentMissing)?;
+
+                            Ok(value)
+                        }).expect("should exist by now");
+
+                        self.backend.set_var(var_c, || {
+                            let value = c_val.ok_or(SynthesisError::AssignmentMissing)?;
+
+                            Ok(value)
+                        }).expect("should exist by now");
+
+                    }
+
+                    // A -> B, B -> C, C -> A
+                    for (var, coeff) in lc.as_ref() {
+                        let new_var = match var {
+                            Variable::A(index) => {
+                                let var = if *index == 1 {
+                                    Variable::B(2)
+                                } else {
+                                    let new_index = allocation_map.get(index).unwrap();
+                                    Variable::B(*new_index)
+                                };
+
+                                var
+                            },
+                            Variable::B(index) => {
+                                let var = if *index == 2 {
+                                    Variable::C(3)
+                                } else {
+                                    let new_index = allocation_map.get(index).unwrap();
+                                    Variable::C(*new_index)
+                                };
+
+                                var
+                            },
+                            Variable::C(index) => {
+                                let var = if *index == 3 {
+                                    Variable::A(1)
+                                } else {
+                                    let new_index = allocation_map.get(index).unwrap();
+                                    Variable::A(*new_index)
+                                };
+
+                                var
+                            }
+                        };
+
+                        self.backend.insert_coefficient(new_var, *coeff);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // A -> C, B -> A, C -> B
+                {
+                    self.q += 1;
+                    self.backend.new_linear_constraint();
+
+                    let mut allocation_map = HashMap::with_capacity(lc.as_ref().len());
+                    let mut expected_new_index = self.n + 1;
+
+                    // determine size of the map
+                    for (var, _) in lc.as_ref() {
+                        match var {
+                            Variable::A(index) => {
+                                if allocation_map.get(index).is_none() && *index != 1 {
+                                    allocation_map.insert(*index, expected_new_index);
+                                    expected_new_index += 1;
+                                    println!("A{} -> C{}", index, expected_new_index);
+                                }
+                            },
+                            Variable::B(index) => {
+                                if allocation_map.get(index).is_none() && *index != 2 {
+                                    allocation_map.insert(*index, expected_new_index);
+                                    expected_new_index += 1;
+                                    println!("B{} -> A{}", index, expected_new_index);
+                                }
+                            },
+                            Variable::C(index) => {
+                                if allocation_map.get(index).is_none() && *index != 3 {
+                                    allocation_map.insert(*index, expected_new_index);
+                                    expected_new_index += 1;
+                                    println!("C{} -> B{}", index, expected_new_index);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    
+                    for _ in 0..allocation_map.len() {
+                        self.backend.new_multiplication_gate();
+                        self.n += 1;
+                    }
+
+                    // A -> C, B -> A, C -> B
+                    for (index, new_index) in allocation_map.iter() {
+                        let var_a = Variable::A(*new_index);
+                        let var_b = Variable::B(*new_index);
+                        let var_c = Variable::C(*new_index);
+
+                        let b_val = self.backend.get_var(Variable::C(*index));
+                        let c_val = self.backend.get_var(Variable::A(*index));
+                        let a_val = self.backend.get_var(Variable::B(*index));
+
+                        self.backend.set_var(var_a, || {
+                            let value = a_val.ok_or(SynthesisError::AssignmentMissing)?;
+
+                            Ok(value)
+                        }).expect("should exist by now");
+
+                        self.backend.set_var(var_b, || {
+                            let value = b_val.ok_or(SynthesisError::AssignmentMissing)?;
+
+                            Ok(value)
+                        }).expect("should exist by now");
+
+                        self.backend.set_var(var_c, || {
+                            let value = c_val.ok_or(SynthesisError::AssignmentMissing)?;
+
+                            Ok(value)
+                        }).expect("should exist by now");
+                    }
+
+                    // A -> C, B -> A, C -> B
+                    for (var, coeff) in lc.as_ref() {
+                        let new_var = match var {
+                            Variable::A(index) => {
+                                let var = if *index == 1 {
+                                    Variable::C(3)
+                                } else {
+                                    let new_index = allocation_map.get(index).unwrap();
+                                    Variable::C(*new_index)
+                                };
+
+                                var
+                            },
+                            Variable::B(index) => {
+                                let var = if *index == 2 {
+                                    Variable::A(1)
+                                } else {
+                                    let new_index = allocation_map.get(index).unwrap();
+                                    Variable::A(*new_index)
+                                };
+
+                                var
+                            },
+                            Variable::C(index) => {
+                                let var = if *index == 3 {
+                                    Variable::B(2)
+                                } else {
+                                    let new_index = allocation_map.get(index).unwrap();
+                                    Variable::B(*new_index)
+                                };
+
+                                var
+                            }
+                        };
+
+                        self.backend.insert_coefficient(new_var, *coeff);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            fn multiply<F>(&mut self, values: F) -> Result<(Variable, Variable, Variable), SynthesisError>
+            where
+                F: FnOnce() -> Result<(E::Fr, E::Fr, E::Fr), SynthesisError>
+            {
+                self.n += 1;
+                let index = self.n;
+                self.backend.new_multiplication_gate();
+
+                let a = Variable::A(index);
+                let b = Variable::B(index);
+                let c = Variable::C(index);
+
+                let mut b_val = None;
+                let mut c_val = None;
+
+                self.backend.set_var(a, || {
+                    let (a, b, c) = values()?;
+
+                    b_val = Some(b);
+                    c_val = Some(c);
+
+                    Ok(a)
+                })?;
+
+                self.backend.set_var(b, || {
+                    b_val.ok_or(SynthesisError::AssignmentMissing)
+                })?;
+
+                self.backend.set_var(c, || {
+                    c_val.ok_or(SynthesisError::AssignmentMissing)
+                })?;
+
+                Ok((a, b, c))
+            }
+
+            fn get_value(&self, var: Variable) -> Result<E::Fr, ()> {
+                self.backend.get_var(var).ok_or(())
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut tmp: Synthesizer<E, B> = Synthesizer {
+            backend: backend,
+            current_variable: None,
+            _marker: PhantomData,
+            q: 0,
+            n: 0,
+        };
+
+        let one = tmp.alloc_input(|| Ok(E::Fr::one())).expect("should have no issues");
+
+        match (one, <Synthesizer<E, B> as ConstraintSystem<E>>::ONE) {
+            (Variable::A(1), Variable::A(1)) => {},
+            _ => panic!("one variable is incorrect")
+        }
+
+        circuit.synthesize(&mut tmp)?;
+
+        println!("Done synthesizing, N = {}, Q = {}", tmp.n, tmp.q);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn constraints_info<E: Engine, C: BellmanCircuit<E> + Clone>(
+    circuit: C,
+)
+{
+    let adapted_circuit = AdaptorCircuit(circuit);
+
+    create_constraints_info::<_, _, Nonassigning>(&adapted_circuit)
+}
+
+pub fn constraints_padding_info<E: Engine, C: BellmanCircuit<E> + Clone>(
+    circuit: C,
+)
+{
+    let adapted_circuit = AdaptorCircuit(circuit);
+
+    create_constraints_info::<_, _, Padding>(&adapted_circuit)
+}
+
+pub fn create_constraints_info<E: Engine, C: Circuit<E>, S: SynthesisDriver>(
+    circuit: &C,
+)
+{
+    let mut backend = Debugging::<E> {
+        constraint_num: 0,
+        u: vec![],
+        v: vec![],
+        w: vec![],
+        _marker: std::marker::PhantomData
+    };
+
+    S::synthesize(&mut backend, circuit).unwrap();
+
+    
+    for (i, ((u, v), w)) in backend.u.iter()
+                            .zip(backend.v.iter())
+                            .zip(backend.w.iter())
+                            .enumerate()
+    {
+        println!("Constraint {}: 0 = {}{}{}", i, u, v, w);
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn my_fun_circuit_test() {
+    use pairing::ff::PrimeField;
+    use pairing::bls12_381::{Bls12, Fr};
+
+    struct MyCircuit;
+
+    impl<E: Engine> Circuit<E> for MyCircuit {
+        fn synthesize<CS: ConstraintSystem<E>>(&self, cs: &mut CS) -> Result<(), SynthesisError> {
+            let (a, b, _) = cs.multiply(|| {
+                Ok((
+                    E::Fr::from_str("10").unwrap(),
+                    E::Fr::from_str("20").unwrap(),
+                    E::Fr::from_str("200").unwrap(),
+                ))
+            })?;
+
+            cs.enforce_zero(LinearCombination::from(a) + a - b);
+
+            let multiplier = cs.alloc_input(|| Ok(E::Fr::from_str("20").unwrap()))?;
+
+            cs.enforce_zero(LinearCombination::from(b) - multiplier);
+
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    create_constraints_info::<Bls12, _, Nonassigning>(&MyCircuit);
+    println!("---------------");
+    create_constraints_info::<Bls12, _, Padding>(&MyCircuit);
+}

src/sonic/unhelped/permutation_argument.rs

@@ -43,8 +43,6 @@ pub struct Proof<E: Engine> {
     s_zy: E::Fr
 }
 
-
-
 fn permute<F: Field>(coeffs: &[F], permutation: & [usize]) -> Vec<F>{
     assert_eq!(coeffs.len(), permutation.len());
     let mut result: Vec<F> = vec![F::zero(); coeffs.len()];

src/sonic/util.rs

@@ -123,12 +123,12 @@ pub fn polynomial_commitment_opening<
     ) -> E::G1Affine
         where I::IntoIter: DoubleEndedIterator + ExactSizeIterator,
     {
-        let poly = parallel_kate_divison::<E, _>(polynomial_coefficients, point);
+        // let poly = parallel_kate_divison::<E, _>(polynomial_coefficients, point);
 
-        // let poly = kate_divison(
-        //     polynomial_coefficients,
-        //     point,
-        // );
+        let poly = kate_divison(
+            polynomial_coefficients,
+            point,
+        );
 
         let negative_poly = poly[0..largest_negative_power].iter().rev();
         let positive_poly = poly[largest_negative_power..].iter();