diff --git a/cmd/geth/pruneblock_test.go b/cmd/geth/pruneblock_test.go
index 141f64f3b..b2a93f65a 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/pruneblock_test.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/pruneblock_test.go
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ func NewLevelDBDatabaseWithFreezer(file string, cache int, handles int, ancient
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	frdb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(kvdb, ancient, namespace, readonly, disableFreeze, isLastOffset, pruneAncientData)
+	frdb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(kvdb, ancient, namespace, readonly, disableFreeze, isLastOffset, pruneAncientData, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		kvdb.Close()
 		return nil, err
@@ -178,11 +178,10 @@ func BlockchainCreator(t *testing.T, chaindbPath, AncientPath string, blockRemai
 
 	// Force run a freeze cycle
 	type freezer interface {
-		Freeze() error
+		Freeze(threshold uint64) error
 		Ancients() (uint64, error)
 	}
-	blockchain.SetFinalized(blocks[len(blocks)-1].Header())
-	db.(freezer).Freeze()
+	db.(freezer).Freeze(10)
 
 	frozen, err := db.Ancients()
 	//make sure there're frozen items
diff --git a/cmd/geth/snapshot.go b/cmd/geth/snapshot.go
index 4409d2197..040736a0d 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/snapshot.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/snapshot.go
@@ -43,9 +43,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/metrics"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/node"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/triedb"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/triedb/pathdb"
 	cli "github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
 
@@ -245,7 +247,16 @@ func accessDb(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node) (ethdb.Database, error) {
 		NoBuild:    true,
 		AsyncBuild: false,
 	}
-	snaptree, err := snapshot.New(snapconfig, chaindb, triedb.NewDatabase(chaindb, nil), headBlock.Root(), TriesInMemory, false)
+	dbScheme := rawdb.ReadStateScheme(chaindb)
+	var config *triedb.Config
+	if dbScheme == rawdb.PathScheme {
+		config = &triedb.Config{
+			PathDB: utils.PathDBConfigAddJournalFilePath(stack, pathdb.ReadOnly),
+		}
+	} else if dbScheme == rawdb.HashScheme {
+		config = triedb.HashDefaults
+	}
+	snaptree, err := snapshot.New(snapconfig, chaindb, triedb.NewDatabase(chaindb, config), headBlock.Root(), TriesInMemory, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error("snaptree error", "err", err)
 		return nil, err // The relevant snapshot(s) might not exist
@@ -333,6 +344,9 @@ func pruneBlock(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	stack, config = makeConfigNode(ctx)
 	defer stack.Close()
 	blockAmountReserved = ctx.Uint64(utils.BlockAmountReserved.Name)
+	if blockAmountReserved < params.FullImmutabilityThreshold {
+		return fmt.Errorf("block-amount-reserved must be greater than or equal to %d", params.FullImmutabilityThreshold)
+	}
 	chaindb, err = accessDb(ctx, stack)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
diff --git a/cmd/utils/flags.go b/cmd/utils/flags.go
index e6faa8d0f..99fd72a93 100644
--- a/cmd/utils/flags.go
+++ b/cmd/utils/flags.go
@@ -1082,6 +1082,7 @@ Please note that --` + MetricsHTTPFlag.Name + ` must be set to start the server.
 		Name:     "block-amount-reserved",
 		Usage:    "Sets the expected remained amount of blocks for offline block prune",
 		Category: flags.BlockHistoryCategory,
+		Value:    params.FullImmutabilityThreshold,
 	}
 
 	CheckSnapshotWithMPT = &cli.BoolFlag{
diff --git a/cmd/utils/history_test.go b/cmd/utils/history_test.go
index 45a9da626..ba206e982 100644
--- a/cmd/utils/history_test.go
+++ b/cmd/utils/history_test.go
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ func TestHistoryImportAndExport(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Now import Era.
 	freezer := t.TempDir()
-	db2, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), freezer, "", false, false, false, false)
+	db2, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), freezer, "", false, false, false, false, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
diff --git a/core/blockchain_repair_test.go b/core/blockchain_repair_test.go
index 820d4a1f6..3cfcdafe4 100644
--- a/core/blockchain_repair_test.go
+++ b/core/blockchain_repair_test.go
@@ -1832,14 +1832,10 @@ func testRepairWithScheme(t *testing.T, tt *rewindTest, snapshots bool, scheme s
 	}
 	// Force run a freeze cycle
 	type freezer interface {
-		Freeze() error
+		Freeze(threshold uint64) error
 		Ancients() (uint64, error)
 	}
-	if tt.freezeThreshold < uint64(tt.canonicalBlocks) {
-		final := uint64(tt.canonicalBlocks) - tt.freezeThreshold
-		chain.SetFinalized(canonblocks[int(final)-1].Header())
-	}
-	db.(freezer).Freeze()
+	db.(freezer).Freeze(tt.freezeThreshold)
 
 	// Set the simulated pivot block
 	if tt.pivotBlock != nil {
diff --git a/core/blockchain_sethead_test.go b/core/blockchain_sethead_test.go
index cf067312e..217610c33 100644
--- a/core/blockchain_sethead_test.go
+++ b/core/blockchain_sethead_test.go
@@ -2045,14 +2045,10 @@ func testSetHeadWithScheme(t *testing.T, tt *rewindTest, snapshots bool, scheme
 
 	// Force run a freeze cycle
 	type freezer interface {
-		Freeze() error
+		Freeze(threshold uint64) error
 		Ancients() (uint64, error)
 	}
-	if tt.freezeThreshold < uint64(tt.canonicalBlocks) {
-		final := uint64(tt.canonicalBlocks) - tt.freezeThreshold
-		chain.SetFinalized(canonblocks[int(final)-1].Header())
-	}
-	db.(freezer).Freeze()
+	db.(freezer).Freeze(tt.freezeThreshold)
 
 	// Set the simulated pivot block
 	if tt.pivotBlock != nil {
diff --git a/core/blockchain_test.go b/core/blockchain_test.go
index 43357713e..3917117b9 100644
--- a/core/blockchain_test.go
+++ b/core/blockchain_test.go
@@ -974,7 +974,7 @@ func testFastVsFullChains(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to insert receipt %d: %v", n, err)
 	}
 	// Freezer style fast import the chain.
-	ancientDb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false)
+	ancientDb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create temp freezer db: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -1069,7 +1069,7 @@ func testLightVsFastVsFullChainHeads(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 
 	// makeDb creates a db instance for testing.
 	makeDb := func() ethdb.Database {
-		db, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false)
+		db, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false, false)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("failed to create temp freezer db: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -1957,7 +1957,7 @@ func testLargeReorgTrieGC(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	competitor, _ := GenerateChain(genesis.Config, shared[len(shared)-1], engine, genDb, 2*TriesInMemory+1, func(i int, b *BlockGen) { b.SetCoinbase(common.Address{3}) })
 
 	// Import the shared chain and the original canonical one
-	db, _ := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false)
+	db, _ := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false, false)
 	defer db.Close()
 
 	chain, err := NewBlockChain(db, DefaultCacheConfigWithScheme(scheme), genesis, nil, engine, vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
@@ -2026,7 +2026,7 @@ func testBlockchainRecovery(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	_, blocks, receipts := GenerateChainWithGenesis(gspec, ethash.NewFaker(), int(height), nil)
 
 	// Import the chain as a ancient-first node and ensure all pointers are updated
-	ancientDb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false)
+	ancientDb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create temp freezer db: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -2097,7 +2097,7 @@ func testInsertReceiptChainRollback(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	}
 
 	// Set up a BlockChain that uses the ancient store.
-	ancientDb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false)
+	ancientDb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create temp freezer db: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -2167,7 +2167,7 @@ func testLowDiffLongChain(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	})
 
 	// Import the canonical chain
-	diskdb, _ := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false)
+	diskdb, _ := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false, false)
 	defer diskdb.Close()
 
 	chain, err := NewBlockChain(diskdb, DefaultCacheConfigWithScheme(scheme), genesis, nil, engine, vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
@@ -2384,7 +2384,7 @@ func testInsertKnownChainData(t *testing.T, typ string, scheme string) {
 		b.OffsetTime(-9) // A higher difficulty
 	})
 	// Import the shared chain and the original canonical one
-	chaindb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false)
+	chaindb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create temp freezer db: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -2555,7 +2555,7 @@ func testInsertKnownChainDataWithMerging(t *testing.T, typ string, mergeHeight i
 		}
 	})
 	// Import the shared chain and the original canonical one
-	chaindb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false)
+	chaindb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create temp freezer db: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -3858,7 +3858,7 @@ func testSetCanonical(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 		}
 		gen.AddTx(tx)
 	})
-	diskdb, _ := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false)
+	diskdb, _ := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false, false)
 	defer diskdb.Close()
 
 	chain, err := NewBlockChain(diskdb, DefaultCacheConfigWithScheme(scheme), gspec, nil, engine, vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
@@ -4483,7 +4483,7 @@ func (c *mockParlia) CalcDifficulty(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, time uint
 func TestParliaBlobFeeReward(t *testing.T) {
 	// Have N headers in the freezer
 	frdir := t.TempDir()
-	db, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), frdir, "", false, false, false, false)
+	db, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), frdir, "", false, false, false, false, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create database with ancient backend")
 	}
diff --git a/core/rawdb/accessors_chain_test.go b/core/rawdb/accessors_chain_test.go
index 1b3e45f3d..8c7614136 100644
--- a/core/rawdb/accessors_chain_test.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/accessors_chain_test.go
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ func checkBlobSidecarsRLP(have, want types.BlobSidecars) error {
 func TestAncientStorage(t *testing.T) {
 	// Freezer style fast import the chain.
 	frdir := t.TempDir()
-	db, err := NewDatabaseWithFreezer(NewMemoryDatabase(), frdir, "", false, false, false, false)
+	db, err := NewDatabaseWithFreezer(NewMemoryDatabase(), frdir, "", false, false, false, false, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create database with ancient backend")
 	}
@@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ func TestHashesInRange(t *testing.T) {
 func BenchmarkWriteAncientBlocks(b *testing.B) {
 	// Open freezer database.
 	frdir := b.TempDir()
-	db, err := NewDatabaseWithFreezer(NewMemoryDatabase(), frdir, "", false, false, false, false)
+	db, err := NewDatabaseWithFreezer(NewMemoryDatabase(), frdir, "", false, false, false, false, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		b.Fatalf("failed to create database with ancient backend")
 	}
@@ -1001,7 +1001,7 @@ func TestHeadersRLPStorage(t *testing.T) {
 	// Have N headers in the freezer
 	frdir := t.TempDir()
 
-	db, err := NewDatabaseWithFreezer(NewMemoryDatabase(), frdir, "", false, false, false, false)
+	db, err := NewDatabaseWithFreezer(NewMemoryDatabase(), frdir, "", false, false, false, false, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create database with ancient backend")
 	}
diff --git a/core/rawdb/chain_freezer.go b/core/rawdb/chain_freezer.go
index 5d9e1d039..31dd80c32 100644
--- a/core/rawdb/chain_freezer.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/chain_freezer.go
@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
-
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -51,25 +51,31 @@ var (
 // The background thread will keep moving ancient chain segments from key-value
 // database to flat files for saving space on live database.
 type chainFreezer struct {
+	threshold atomic.Uint64 // Number of recent blocks not to freeze (params.FullImmutabilityThreshold apart from tests)
+
 	*Freezer
 	quit    chan struct{}
 	wg      sync.WaitGroup
 	trigger chan chan struct{} // Manual blocking freeze trigger, test determinism
 
 	freezeEnv atomic.Value
+
+	multiDatabase bool
 }
 
 // newChainFreezer initializes the freezer for ancient chain data.
-func newChainFreezer(datadir string, namespace string, readonly bool, offset uint64) (*chainFreezer, error) {
+func newChainFreezer(datadir string, namespace string, readonly bool, offset uint64, multiDatabase bool) (*chainFreezer, error) {
 	freezer, err := NewChainFreezer(datadir, namespace, readonly, offset)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return &chainFreezer{
+	cf := chainFreezer{
 		Freezer: freezer,
 		quit:    make(chan struct{}),
 		trigger: make(chan chan struct{}),
-	}, nil
+	}
+	cf.threshold.Store(params.FullImmutabilityThreshold)
+	return &cf, nil
 }
 
 // Close closes the chain freezer instance and terminates the background thread.
@@ -185,29 +191,101 @@ func (f *chainFreezer) freeze(db ethdb.KeyValueStore) {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		threshold, err := f.freezeThreshold(nfdb)
-		if err != nil {
-			backoff = true
-			log.Debug("Current full block not old enough to freeze", "err", err)
-			continue
-		}
-		frozen := f.frozen.Load()
+		var (
+			frozen    uint64
+			threshold uint64
+			first     uint64 // the first block to freeze
+			last      uint64 // the last block to freeze
 
-		// Short circuit if the blocks below threshold are already frozen.
-		if frozen != 0 && frozen-1 >= threshold {
-			backoff = true
-			log.Debug("Ancient blocks frozen already", "threshold", threshold, "frozen", frozen)
-			continue
+			hash   common.Hash
+			number *uint64
+			head   *types.Header
+		)
+
+		// use finalized block as the chain freeze indicator was used for multiDatabase feature, if multiDatabase is false, keep 9W blocks in db
+		if f.multiDatabase {
+			threshold, err = f.freezeThreshold(nfdb)
+			if err != nil {
+				backoff = true
+				log.Debug("Current full block not old enough to freeze", "err", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			frozen = f.frozen.Load()
+
+			// Short circuit if the blocks below threshold are already frozen.
+			if frozen != 0 && frozen-1 >= threshold {
+				backoff = true
+				log.Debug("Ancient blocks frozen already", "threshold", threshold, "frozen", frozen)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			hash = ReadHeadBlockHash(nfdb)
+			if hash == (common.Hash{}) {
+				log.Debug("Current full block hash unavailable") // new chain, empty database
+				backoff = true
+				continue
+			}
+			number = ReadHeaderNumber(nfdb, hash)
+			if number == nil {
+				log.Error("Current full block number unavailable", "hash", hash)
+				backoff = true
+				continue
+			}
+			head = ReadHeader(nfdb, hash, *number)
+			if head == nil {
+				log.Error("Current full block unavailable", "number", *number, "hash", hash)
+				backoff = true
+				continue
+			}
+
+			first = frozen
+			last = threshold
+			if last-first+1 > freezerBatchLimit {
+				last = freezerBatchLimit + first - 1
+			}
+		} else {
+			// Retrieve the freezing threshold.
+			hash = ReadHeadBlockHash(nfdb)
+			if hash == (common.Hash{}) {
+				log.Debug("Current full block hash unavailable") // new chain, empty database
+				backoff = true
+				continue
+			}
+			number = ReadHeaderNumber(nfdb, hash)
+			threshold = f.threshold.Load()
+			frozen = f.frozen.Load()
+			switch {
+			case number == nil:
+				log.Error("Current full block number unavailable", "hash", hash)
+				backoff = true
+				continue
+
+			case *number < threshold:
+				log.Debug("Current full block not old enough to freeze", "number", *number, "hash", hash, "delay", threshold)
+				backoff = true
+				continue
+
+			case *number-threshold <= frozen:
+				log.Debug("Ancient blocks frozen already", "number", *number, "hash", hash, "frozen", frozen)
+				backoff = true
+				continue
+			}
+			head = ReadHeader(nfdb, hash, *number)
+			if head == nil {
+				log.Error("Current full block unavailable", "number", *number, "hash", hash)
+				backoff = true
+				continue
+			}
+			first, _ = f.Ancients()
+			last = *number - threshold
+			if last-first > freezerBatchLimit {
+				last = first + freezerBatchLimit
+			}
 		}
 		// Seems we have data ready to be frozen, process in usable batches
 		var (
 			start = time.Now()
-			first = frozen    // the first block to freeze
-			last  = threshold // the last block to freeze
 		)
-		if last-first+1 > freezerBatchLimit {
-			last = freezerBatchLimit + first - 1
-		}
 
 		ancients, err := f.freezeRangeWithBlobs(nfdb, first, last)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -295,24 +373,6 @@ func (f *chainFreezer) freeze(db ethdb.KeyValueStore) {
 		log.Debug("Deep froze chain segment", context...)
 
 		env, _ := f.freezeEnv.Load().(*ethdb.FreezerEnv)
-		hash := ReadHeadBlockHash(nfdb)
-		if hash == (common.Hash{}) {
-			log.Debug("Current full block hash unavailable") // new chain, empty database
-			backoff = true
-			continue
-		}
-		number := ReadHeaderNumber(nfdb, hash)
-		if number == nil {
-			log.Error("Current full block number unavailable", "hash", hash)
-			backoff = true
-			continue
-		}
-		head := ReadHeader(nfdb, hash, *number)
-		if head == nil {
-			log.Error("Current full block unavailable", "number", *number, "hash", hash)
-			backoff = true
-			continue
-		}
 		// try prune blob data after cancun fork
 		if isCancun(env, head.Number, head.Time) {
 			f.tryPruneBlobAncientTable(env, *number)
diff --git a/core/rawdb/database.go b/core/rawdb/database.go
index 29c70e696..a281855af 100644
--- a/core/rawdb/database.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/database.go
@@ -145,10 +145,15 @@ func (frdb *freezerdb) HasSeparateBlockStore() bool {
 // Freeze is a helper method used for external testing to trigger and block until
 // a freeze cycle completes, without having to sleep for a minute to trigger the
 // automatic background run.
-func (frdb *freezerdb) Freeze() error {
+func (frdb *freezerdb) Freeze(threshold uint64) error {
 	if frdb.AncientStore.(*chainFreezer).readonly {
 		return errReadOnly
 	}
+	// Set the freezer threshold to a temporary value
+	defer func(old uint64) {
+		frdb.AncientStore.(*chainFreezer).threshold.Store(old)
+	}(frdb.AncientStore.(*chainFreezer).threshold.Load())
+	frdb.AncientStore.(*chainFreezer).threshold.Store(threshold)
 	// Trigger a freeze cycle and block until it's done
 	trigger := make(chan struct{}, 1)
 	frdb.AncientStore.(*chainFreezer).trigger <- trigger
@@ -366,7 +371,7 @@ func resolveChainFreezerDir(ancient string) string {
 // value data store with a freezer moving immutable chain segments into cold
 // storage. The passed ancient indicates the path of root ancient directory
 // where the chain freezer can be opened.
-func NewDatabaseWithFreezer(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, ancient string, namespace string, readonly, disableFreeze, isLastOffset, pruneAncientData bool) (ethdb.Database, error) {
+func NewDatabaseWithFreezer(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, ancient string, namespace string, readonly, disableFreeze, isLastOffset, pruneAncientData, multiDatabase bool) (ethdb.Database, error) {
 	var offset uint64
 	// The offset of ancientDB should be handled differently in different scenarios.
 	if isLastOffset {
@@ -402,7 +407,7 @@ func NewDatabaseWithFreezer(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, ancient string, namespace st
 	}
 
 	// Create the idle freezer instance
-	frdb, err := newChainFreezer(resolveChainFreezerDir(ancient), namespace, readonly, offset)
+	frdb, err := newChainFreezer(resolveChainFreezerDir(ancient), namespace, readonly, offset, multiDatabase)
 	if err != nil {
 		printChainMetadata(db)
 		return nil, err
@@ -583,6 +588,8 @@ type OpenOptions struct {
 	// Ephemeral means that filesystem sync operations should be avoided: data integrity in the face of
 	// a crash is not important. This option should typically be used in tests.
 	Ephemeral bool
+
+	MultiDataBase bool
 }
 
 // openKeyValueDatabase opens a disk-based key-value database, e.g. leveldb or pebble.
@@ -633,7 +640,7 @@ func Open(o OpenOptions) (ethdb.Database, error) {
 	if len(o.AncientsDirectory) == 0 {
 		return kvdb, nil
 	}
-	frdb, err := NewDatabaseWithFreezer(kvdb, o.AncientsDirectory, o.Namespace, o.ReadOnly, o.DisableFreeze, o.IsLastOffset, o.PruneAncientData)
+	frdb, err := NewDatabaseWithFreezer(kvdb, o.AncientsDirectory, o.Namespace, o.ReadOnly, o.DisableFreeze, o.IsLastOffset, o.PruneAncientData, o.MultiDataBase)
 	if err != nil {
 		kvdb.Close()
 		return nil, err
@@ -777,7 +784,6 @@ func InspectDatabase(db ethdb.Database, keyPrefix, keyStart []byte) error {
 		trieIter = db.StateStore().NewIterator(keyPrefix, nil)
 		defer trieIter.Release()
 	}
-
 	if db.HasSeparateBlockStore() {
 		blockIter = db.BlockStore().NewIterator(keyPrefix, nil)
 		defer blockIter.Release()
diff --git a/core/state/pruner/pruner.go b/core/state/pruner/pruner.go
index e65c1b892..f4820c06b 100644
--- a/core/state/pruner/pruner.go
+++ b/core/state/pruner/pruner.go
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ func (p *BlockPruner) backUpOldDb(name string, cache, handles int, namespace str
 	log.Info("chainDB opened successfully")
 
 	// Get the number of items in old ancient db.
-	itemsOfAncient, err := chainDb.ItemAmountInAncient()
+	itemsOfAncient, err := chainDb.BlockStore().ItemAmountInAncient()
 	log.Info("the number of items in ancientDB is ", "itemsOfAncient", itemsOfAncient)
 
 	// If we can't access the freezer or it's empty, abort.
diff --git a/core/txindexer_test.go b/core/txindexer_test.go
index b59d2a841..d07804635 100644
--- a/core/txindexer_test.go
+++ b/core/txindexer_test.go
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ func TestTxIndexer(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	for _, c := range cases {
 		frdir := t.TempDir()
-		db, _ := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), frdir, "", false, false, false, false)
+		db, _ := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), frdir, "", false, false, false, false, false)
 		rawdb.WriteAncientBlocks(db, append([]*types.Block{gspec.ToBlock()}, blocks...), append([]types.Receipts{{}}, receipts...), big.NewInt(0))
 
 		// Index the initial blocks from ancient store
diff --git a/eth/downloader/downloader_test.go b/eth/downloader/downloader_test.go
index 27fb95e74..3c113b913 100644
--- a/eth/downloader/downloader_test.go
+++ b/eth/downloader/downloader_test.go
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ func newTester(t *testing.T) *downloadTester {
 // newTester creates a new downloader test mocker.
 func newTesterWithNotification(t *testing.T, success func()) *downloadTester {
 	freezer := t.TempDir()
-	db, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), freezer, "", false, false, false, false)
+	db, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), freezer, "", false, false, false, false, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
diff --git a/eth/handler_test.go b/eth/handler_test.go
index 6db7bad6f..5584afe85 100644
--- a/eth/handler_test.go
+++ b/eth/handler_test.go
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ func (c *mockParlia) CalcDifficulty(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, time uint
 func newTestParliaHandlerAfterCancun(t *testing.T, config *params.ChainConfig, mode downloader.SyncMode, preCancunBlks, postCancunBlks uint64) *testHandler {
 	// Have N headers in the freezer
 	frdir := t.TempDir()
-	db, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), frdir, "", false, false, false, false)
+	db, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), frdir, "", false, false, false, false, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create database with ancient backend")
 	}
diff --git a/node/node.go b/node/node.go
index 1dfc25553..7d07e576d 100644
--- a/node/node.go
+++ b/node/node.go
@@ -773,12 +773,13 @@ func (n *Node) OpenDatabase(name string, cache, handles int, namespace string, r
 		db = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
 	} else {
 		db, err = rawdb.Open(rawdb.OpenOptions{
-			Type:      n.config.DBEngine,
-			Directory: n.ResolvePath(name),
-			Namespace: namespace,
-			Cache:     cache,
-			Handles:   handles,
-			ReadOnly:  readonly,
+			Type:          n.config.DBEngine,
+			Directory:     n.ResolvePath(name),
+			Namespace:     namespace,
+			Cache:         cache,
+			Handles:       handles,
+			ReadOnly:      readonly,
+			MultiDataBase: n.CheckIfMultiDataBase(),
 		})
 	}
 
diff --git a/triedb/pathdb/database_test.go b/triedb/pathdb/database_test.go
index 123b4e9eb..368f1e5a8 100644
--- a/triedb/pathdb/database_test.go
+++ b/triedb/pathdb/database_test.go
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ type tester struct {
 
 func newTester(t *testing.T, historyLimit uint64) *tester {
 	var (
-		disk, _ = rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false)
+		disk, _ = rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false, false)
 		db      = New(disk, &Config{
 			StateHistory:   historyLimit,
 			CleanCacheSize: 256 * 1024,
diff --git a/triedb/pathdb/journal.go b/triedb/pathdb/journal.go
index 4fdcdd131..3150ed179 100644
--- a/triedb/pathdb/journal.go
+++ b/triedb/pathdb/journal.go
@@ -152,12 +152,13 @@ func (kr *JournalKVReader) Close() {
 }
 
 func newJournalWriter(file string, db ethdb.Database, journalType JournalType) JournalWriter {
-	log.Info("New journal writer", "path", file, "journalType", journalType)
 	if journalType == JournalKVType {
+		log.Info("New journal writer for journal kv")
 		return &JournalKVWriter{
 			diskdb: db,
 		}
 	} else {
+		log.Info("New journal writer for journal file", "path", file)
 		fd, err := os.OpenFile(file, os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY|os.O_APPEND, 0644)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil
@@ -169,8 +170,8 @@ func newJournalWriter(file string, db ethdb.Database, journalType JournalType) J
 }
 
 func newJournalReader(file string, db ethdb.Database, journalType JournalType) (JournalReader, error) {
-	log.Info("New journal reader", "path", file, "journalType", journalType)
 	if journalType == JournalKVType {
+		log.Info("New journal reader for journal kv")
 		journal := rawdb.ReadTrieJournal(db)
 		if len(journal) == 0 {
 			return nil, errMissJournal
@@ -179,6 +180,7 @@ func newJournalReader(file string, db ethdb.Database, journalType JournalType) (
 			journalBuf: bytes.NewBuffer(journal),
 		}, nil
 	} else {
+		log.Info("New journal reader for journal file", "path", file)
 		fd, err := os.Open(file)
 		if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
 			return nil, errMissJournal