github: upgrade upload artifact from v4.1.7 to v4.3.3 (#2713 )

github: upgrade artifact from v3 to v4.1.7 (#2712 )
upload-artifact and download-artifact must use same version, otherwise release workflow will fail. https://github.com/actions/toolkit/blob/main/packages/artifact/docs/faq.md
2024-09-19 15:02:02 +08:00 · 2024-09-19 14:54:35 +08:00 · 2024-09-19 11:50:11 +08:00 · 2024-09-19 10:13:27 +08:00 · 2024-09-18 17:12:43 +08:00 · 2024-09-18 17:11:37 +08:00
166 changed files with 10163 additions and 2179 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/pre-release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pre-release.yml
@ -82,28 +82,28 @@ jobs:
      # ==============================

      - name: Upload Linux Build
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.3.3
        if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
        with:
          name: linux
          path: ./build/bin/geth

      - name: Upload MacOS Build
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.3.3
        if: matrix.os == 'macos-latest'
        with:
          name: macos
          path: ./build/bin/geth
      
      - name: Upload Windows Build
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.3.3
        if: matrix.os == 'windows-latest'
        with:
          name: windows
          path: ./build/bin/geth.exe

      - name: Upload ARM-64 Build
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.3.3
        if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
        with:
          name: arm64
@ -125,25 +125,25 @@ jobs:
      # ==============================

      - name: Download Artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4.1.7
        with:
          name: linux
          path: ./linux
      
      - name: Download Artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4.1.7
        with:
          name: macos
          path: ./macos
      
      - name: Download Artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4.1.7
        with:
          name: windows
          path: ./windows
      
      - name: Download Artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4.1.7
        with:
          name: arm64
          path: ./arm64
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@ -81,28 +81,28 @@ jobs:
      # ==============================

      - name: Upload Linux Build
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.3.3
        if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
        with:
          name: linux
          path: ./build/bin/geth

      - name: Upload MacOS Build
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.3.3
        if: matrix.os == 'macos-latest'
        with:
          name: macos
          path: ./build/bin/geth
      
      - name: Upload Windows Build
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.3.3
        if: matrix.os == 'windows-latest'
        with:
          name: windows
          path: ./build/bin/geth.exe

      - name: Upload ARM-64 Build
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.3.3
        if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
        with:
          name: arm64
@ -124,25 +124,25 @@ jobs:
      # ==============================

      - name: Download Artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4.1.7
        with:
          name: linux
          path: ./linux
      
      - name: Download Artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4.1.7
        with:
          name: macos
          path: ./macos
      
      - name: Download Artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4.1.7
        with:
          name: windows
          path: ./windows
      
      - name: Download Artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4.1.7
        with:
          name: arm64
          path: ./arm64
--- a/.nancy-ignore
+++ b/.nancy-ignore
@ -1 +1,3 @@
 CVE-2024-34478 # "CWE-754: Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions." This vulnerability is BTC only, BSC does not have the issue.
+CVE-2024-6104 # "CWE-532: Information Exposure Through Log Files" This is caused by the vulnerabilities go-retryablehttp@v0.7.4, it is only used in cmd devp2p, impact is limited. will upgrade to v0.7.7 later
+CVE-2024-8421 # "CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (Resource Exhaustion)" This vulnerability is caused by issues in the golang.org/x/net package. Even the latest version(v0.29.0) has not yet addressed it, but we will continue to monitor updates closely.
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@ -1,4 +1,155 @@
 # Changelog
+## v1.4.15
+### BUGFIX
+* [\#2680](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2680) txpool: apply miner's gasceil to txpool
+* [\#2688](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2688) txpool: set default GasCeil from 30M to 0
+* [\#2696](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2696) miner: limit block size to eth protocol msg size
+* [\#2684](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2684) eth: Add sidecars when available to broadcasted current block
+
+### FEATURE
+* [\#2672](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2672) faucet: with mainnet balance check, 0.002BNB at least
+* [\#2678](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2678) beaconserver: simulated beacon api server for op-stack
+* [\#2687](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2687) faucet: support customized token
+* [\#2698](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2698) faucet: add example for custimized token
+* [\#2706](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2706) faucet: update DIN token faucet support
+
+### IMPROVEMENT
+* [\#2677](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2677) log: add some p2p log
+* [\#2679](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2679) build(deps): bump actions/download-artifact in /.github/workflows
+* [\#2662](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2662) metrics: add some extra feature flags as node stats
+* [\#2675](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2675) fetcher: Sleep after marking block as done when requeuing
+* [\#2695](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2695) CI: nancy ignore CVE-2024-8421
+* [\#2689](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2689) consensus/parlia: wait more time when processing huge blocks
+
+## v1.4.14
+
+### BUGFIX
+* [\#2643](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2643)core: fix cache for receipts
+* [\#2656](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2656)ethclient: fix BlobSidecars api
+* [\#2657](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2657)fix: update prunefreezer’s offset when pruneancient and the dataset has pruned block
+
+### FEATURE
+* [\#2661](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2661)config: setup Mainnet 2 hardfork date: HaberFix & Bohr
+
+### IMPROVEMENT
+* [\#2578](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2578)core/systemcontracts: use vm.StateDB in UpgradeBuildInSystemContract
+* [\#2649](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2649)internal/debug: remove memsize
+* [\#2655](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2655)internal/ethapi: make GetFinalizedHeader monotonically increasing
+* [\#2658](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2658)core: improve readability of the fork choice logic
+* [\#2665](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2665)faucet: bump and resend faucet transaction if it has been pending for a while
+
+## v1.4.13
+
+### BUGFIX
+* [\#2602](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2602) fix: prune-state when specify --triesInMemory 32
+* [\#2579](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/00025790) fix: only take non-mempool tx to calculate bid price
+
+### FEATURE
+* [\#2634](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2634) config: setup Testnet Bohr hardfork date
+* [\#2482](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2482) BEP-341: Validators can produce consecutive blocks
+* [\#2502](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2502) BEP-402: Complete Missing Fields in Block Header to Generate Signature
+* [\#2558](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2558) BEP-404: Clear Miner History when Switching Validators Set
+* [\#2605](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2605) feat: add bohr upgrade contracts bytecode
+* [\#2614](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2614) fix: update stakehub bytecode after zero address agent issue fixed
+* [\#2608](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2608) consensus/parlia: modify mining time for last block in one turn
+* [\#2618](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2618) consensus/parlia: exclude inturn validator when calculate backoffTime
+* [\#2621](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2621) core: not record zero hash beacon block root with Parlia engine
+
+### IMPROVEMENT
+* [\#2589](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2589) core/vote: vote before committing state and writing block
+* [\#2596](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2596) core: improve the network stability when double sign happens
+* [\#2600](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2600) core: cache block after wroten into db
+* [\#2629](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2629) utils: add GetTopAddr to analyse large traffic
+* [\#2591](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2591) consensus/parlia: add GetJustifiedNumber and GetFinalizedNumber
+* [\#2611](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2611) cmd/utils: add new flag OverridePassedForkTime
+* [\#2603](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2603) faucet: rate limit initial implementation
+* [\#2622](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2622) tests: fix evm-test CI
+* [\#2628](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2628) Makefile: use docker compose v2 instead of v1
+
+## v1.4.12
+
+### BUGFIX
+* [\#2557](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2557) fix: fix state inspect error after pruned state
+* [\#2562](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2562) fix: delete unexpected block
+* [\#2566](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2566) core: avoid to cache block before wroten into db
+* [\#2567](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2567) fix: fix statedb copy
+* [\#2574](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2574) core: adapt highestVerifiedHeader to FastFinality
+* [\#2542](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2542) fix: pruneancient freeze from the previous position when the first time
+* [\#2564](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2564) fix: the bug of blobsidecars and downloader with multi-database
+* [\#2582](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2582) fix: remove delete and dangling side chains in prunefreezer
+
+### FEATURE
+* [\#2513](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2513) cmd/jsutils: add a tool to get performance between a range of blocks
+* [\#2569](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2569) cmd/jsutils: add a tool to get slash count
+* [\#2583](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2583) cmd/jsutill: add log about validator name
+
+### IMPROVEMENT
+* [\#2546](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2546) go.mod: update missing dependency
+* [\#2559](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2559) nancy: ignore go-retryablehttp@v0.7.4 in .nancy-ignore
+* [\#2556](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2556) chore: update greenfield cometbft version
+* [\#2561](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2561) tests: fix unstable test
+* [\#2572](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2572) core: clearup testflag for Cancun and Haber
+* [\#2573](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2573) cmd/utils: support use NetworkId to distinguish chapel when do syncing
+* [\#2538](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2538) feat: enhance bid comparison and reply bidding results && detail logs
+* [\#2568](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2568) core/vote: not vote if too late for next in turn validator
+* [\#2576](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2576) miner/worker: broadcast block immediately once sealed
+* [\#2580](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2580) freezer: Opt freezer env checking
+
+## v1.4.11
+
+### BUGFIX
+* [\#2534](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2534) fix: nil pointer when clear simulating bid
+* [\#2535](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2535) upgrade: add HaberFix hardfork
+
+## v1.4.10
+### FEATURE
+NA
+
+### IMPROVEMENT
+* [\#2512](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2512) feat: add mev helper params and func
+* [\#2508](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2508) perf: speedup pbss trienode read
+* [\#2509](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2509) perf: optimize chain commit performance for multi-database
+* [\#2451](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2451) core/forkchoice: improve stability when inturn block not generate
+
+### BUGFIX
+* [\#2518](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2518) fix: remove zero gasprice check for BSC
+* [\#2519](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2519) UT: random failure of TestSnapSyncWithBlobs
+* [\#2515](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2515) fix getBlobSidecars by ethclient
+* [\#2525](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2525) fix: ensure empty withdrawals after cancun before broadcast
+
+## v1.4.9
+### FEATURE
+* [\#2463](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2463)  utils: add check_blobtx.js
+* [\#2470](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2470)  jsutils: faucet successful requests within blocks
+* [\#2467](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2467)  internal/ethapi: add optional parameter for blobSidecars
+
+### IMPROVEMENT
+* [\#2462](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2462)  cmd/utils: add a flag to change breathe block interval for testing
+* [\#2497](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2497)  params/config: add Bohr hardfork
+* [\#2479](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2479)  dev: ensure consistency in BPS bundle result
+
+### BUGFIX
+* [\#2461](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2461)  eth/handler: check lists in body before broadcast blocks
+* [\#2455](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2455)  cmd: fix memory leak when big dataset
+* [\#2466](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2466)  sync: fix some sync issues caused by prune-block.
+* [\#2475](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2475)  fix: move mev op to MinerAPI & add command to console
+* [\#2473](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2473)  fix: limit the gas price of the mev bid
+* [\#2484](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2484)  fix: fix inspect database error
+* [\#2481](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2481)  fix: keep 9W blocks in ancient db when prune block
+* [\#2495](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2495)  fix: add an empty freeze db
+* [\#2507](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2507)  fix: waiting for the last simulation before pick best bid
+
+## v1.4.8
+### FEATURE
+* [\#2483](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2483) core/vm: add secp256r1 into PrecompiledContractsHaber
+* [\#2400](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2400) RIP-7212: Precompile for secp256r1 Curve Support
+
+### IMPROVEMENT
+NA
+
+### BUGFIX
+NA
+
 ## v1.4.7
 ### FEATURE
 * [\#2439](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2439) config: setup Mainnet Tycho(Cancun) hardfork date
--- a/13
+++ b/13
@ -17,6 +17,11 @@ geth:
 	@echo "Done building."
 	@echo "Run \"$(GOBIN)/geth\" to launch geth."

+#? faucet: Build faucet
+faucet:
+	$(GORUN) build/ci.go install ./cmd/faucet
+	@echo "Done building faucet"
+
 #? all: Build all packages and executables
 all:
 	$(GORUN) build/ci.go install
@ -29,11 +34,11 @@ truffle-test:
 	docker build . -f ./docker/Dockerfile --target bsc-genesis -t bsc-genesis
 	docker build . -f ./docker/Dockerfile --target bsc -t bsc
 	docker build . -f ./docker/Dockerfile.truffle -t truffle-test
-	docker-compose -f ./tests/truffle/docker-compose.yml up genesis
-	docker-compose -f ./tests/truffle/docker-compose.yml up -d bsc-rpc bsc-validator1
+	docker compose -f ./tests/truffle/docker-compose.yml up genesis
+	docker compose -f ./tests/truffle/docker-compose.yml up -d bsc-rpc bsc-validator1
 	sleep 30
-	docker-compose -f ./tests/truffle/docker-compose.yml up --exit-code-from truffle-test truffle-test
-	docker-compose -f ./tests/truffle/docker-compose.yml down
+	docker compose -f ./tests/truffle/docker-compose.yml up --exit-code-from truffle-test truffle-test
+	docker compose -f ./tests/truffle/docker-compose.yml down

 #? lint: Run certain pre-selected linters
 lint: ## Run linters.
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -9,16 +9,15 @@ https://pkg.go.dev/badge/github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum
 )](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum?tab=doc)
 [![Discord](https://img.shields.io/badge/discord-join%20chat-blue.svg)](https://discord.gg/z2VpC455eU)

-But from that baseline of EVM compatible, BNB Smart Chain introduces  a system of 21 validators with Proof of Staked Authority (PoSA) consensus that can support short block time and lower fees. The most bonded validator candidates of staking will become validators and produce blocks. The double-sign detection and other slashing logic guarantee security, stability, and chain finality.
+But from that baseline of EVM compatible, BNB Smart Chain introduces a system of 21 validators with Proof of Staked Authority (PoSA) consensus that can support short block time and lower fees. The most bonded validator candidates of staking will become validators and produce blocks. The double-sign detection and other slashing logic guarantee security, stability, and chain finality.

-Cross-chain transfer and other communication are possible due to native support of interoperability. Relayers and on-chain contracts are developed to support that. BNB Beacon Chain DEX remains a liquid venue of the exchange of assets on both chains. This dual-chain architecture will be ideal for users to take advantage of the fast trading on one side and build their decentralized apps on the other side. **The BNB Smart Chain** will be:
+**The BNB Smart Chain** will be:

 - **A self-sovereign blockchain**: Provides security and safety with elected validators.
 - **EVM-compatible**: Supports all the existing Ethereum tooling along with faster finality and cheaper transaction fees.
- **Interoperable**: Comes with efficient native dual chain communication; Optimized for scaling high-performance dApps that require fast and smooth user experience.
 - **Distributed with on-chain governance**: Proof of Staked Authority brings in decentralization and community participants. As the native token, BNB will serve as both the gas of smart contract execution and tokens for staking.

-More details in [White Paper](https://www.bnbchain.org/en#smartChain).
+More details in [White Paper](https://github.com/bnb-chain/whitepaper/blob/master/WHITEPAPER.md).

 ## Key features

@ -34,18 +33,8 @@ To combine DPoS and PoA for consensus, BNB Smart Chain implement a novel consens

 1. Blocks are produced by a limited set of validators.
 2. Validators take turns to produce blocks in a PoA manner, similar to Ethereum's Clique consensus engine.
-3. Validator set are elected in and out based on a staking based governance on BNB Beacon Chain.
-4. The validator set change is relayed via a cross-chain communication mechanism.
-5. Parlia consensus engine will interact with a set of [system contracts](https://docs.bnbchain.org/docs/learn/system-contract) to achieve liveness slash, revenue distributing and validator set renewing func.
-
- 
-### Light Client of BNB Beacon Chain
-
-To achieve the cross-chain communication from BNB Beacon Chain to BNB Smart Chain, need introduce a on-chain light client verification algorithm.
-It contains two parts:
-
-1. [Stateless Precompiled contracts](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/blob/master/core/vm/contracts_lightclient.go) to do tendermint header verification and Merkle Proof verification.
-2. [Stateful solidity contracts](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc-genesis-contract/blob/master/contracts/TendermintLightClient.sol) to store validator set and trusted appHash.  
+3. Validator set are elected in and out based on a staking based governance on BNB Smart Chain.
+4. Parlia consensus engine will interact with a set of [system contracts](https://docs.bnbchain.org/bnb-smart-chain/staking/overview/#system-contracts) to achieve liveness slash, revenue distributing and validator set renewing func.

 ## Native Token

@ -53,7 +42,6 @@ BNB will run on BNB Smart Chain in the same way as ETH runs on Ethereum so that
 BNB will be used to:

 1. pay `gas` to deploy or invoke Smart Contract on BSC
-2. perform cross-chain operations, such as transfer token assets across BNB Smart Chain and BNB Beacon Chain.

 ## Building the source

@ -149,8 +137,6 @@ unzip testnet.zip
 #### 3. Download snapshot
 Download latest chaindata snapshot from [here](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc-snapshots). Follow the guide to structure your files.

-Note: If you encounter difficulties downloading the chaindata snapshot and prefer to synchronize from the genesis block on the Chapel testnet, remember to include the additional flag `--chapel` when initially launching Geth.
-
 #### 4. Start a full node
 ```shell
 ./geth --config ./config.toml --datadir ./node  --cache 8000 --rpc.allow-unprotected-txs --history.transactions 0
@ -183,7 +169,7 @@ This tool is optional and if you leave it out you can always attach to an alread

 #### 7. More

-More details about [running a node](https://docs.bnbchain.org/docs/validator/fullnode) and [becoming a validator](https://docs.bnbchain.org/docs/validator/create-val)
+More details about [running a node](https://docs.bnbchain.org/bnb-smart-chain/developers/node_operators/full_node/) and [becoming a validator](https://docs.bnbchain.org/bnb-smart-chain/validator/create-val/)

 *Note: Although some internal protective measures prevent transactions from
 crossing over between the main network and test network, you should always
@ -249,9 +235,7 @@ running web servers, so malicious web pages could try to subvert locally availab
 APIs!**

 ### Operating a private network
- [BSC-Deploy](https://github.com/bnb-chain/node-deploy/): deploy tool for setting up both BNB Beacon Chain, BNB Smart Chain and the cross chain infrastructure between them.
- [BSC-Docker](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc-docker): deploy tool for setting up local BSC cluster in container.
-
+- [BSC-Deploy](https://github.com/bnb-chain/node-deploy/): deploy tool for setting up BNB Smart Chain.

 ## Running a bootnode

--- a/beacon/fakebeacon/api_func.go
+++ b/beacon/fakebeacon/api_func.go
@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+package fakebeacon
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sort"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto/kzg4844"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/ethapi"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
+)
+
+type BlobSidecar struct {
+	Blob          kzg4844.Blob       `json:"blob"`
+	Index         int                `json:"index"`
+	KZGCommitment kzg4844.Commitment `json:"kzg_commitment"`
+	KZGProof      kzg4844.Proof      `json:"kzg_proof"`
+}
+
+type APIGetBlobSidecarsResponse struct {
+	Data []*BlobSidecar `json:"data"`
+}
+
+type ReducedGenesisData struct {
+	GenesisTime string `json:"genesis_time"`
+}
+
+type APIGenesisResponse struct {
+	Data ReducedGenesisData `json:"data"`
+}
+
+type ReducedConfigData struct {
+	SecondsPerSlot string `json:"SECONDS_PER_SLOT"`
+}
+
+type IndexedBlobHash struct {
+	Index int         // absolute index in the block, a.k.a. position in sidecar blobs array
+	Hash  common.Hash // hash of the blob, used for consistency checks
+}
+
+func configSpec() ReducedConfigData {
+	return ReducedConfigData{SecondsPerSlot: "1"}
+}
+
+func beaconGenesis() APIGenesisResponse {
+	return APIGenesisResponse{Data: ReducedGenesisData{GenesisTime: "0"}}
+}
+
+func beaconBlobSidecars(ctx context.Context, backend ethapi.Backend, slot uint64, indices []int) (APIGetBlobSidecarsResponse, error) {
+	var blockNrOrHash rpc.BlockNumberOrHash
+	header, err := fetchBlockNumberByTime(ctx, int64(slot), backend)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("Error fetching block number", "slot", slot, "indices", indices)
+		return APIGetBlobSidecarsResponse{}, err
+	}
+	sideCars, err := backend.GetBlobSidecars(ctx, header.Hash())
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("Error fetching Sidecars", "blockNrOrHash", blockNrOrHash, "err", err)
+		return APIGetBlobSidecarsResponse{}, err
+	}
+	sort.Ints(indices)
+	fullBlob := len(indices) == 0
+	res := APIGetBlobSidecarsResponse{}
+	idx := 0
+	curIdx := 0
+	for _, sideCar := range sideCars {
+		for i := 0; i < len(sideCar.Blobs); i++ {
+			//hash := kZGToVersionedHash(sideCar.Commitments[i])
+			if !fullBlob && curIdx >= len(indices) {
+				break
+			}
+			if fullBlob || idx == indices[curIdx] {
+				res.Data = append(res.Data, &BlobSidecar{
+					Index:         idx,
+					Blob:          sideCar.Blobs[i],
+					KZGCommitment: sideCar.Commitments[i],
+					KZGProof:      sideCar.Proofs[i],
+				})
+				curIdx++
+			}
+			idx++
+		}
+	}
+
+	return res, nil
+}
--- a/beacon/fakebeacon/handlers.go
+++ b/beacon/fakebeacon/handlers.go
@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+package fakebeacon
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/api/server/structs"
+	field_params "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/config/fieldparams"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/network/httputil"
+)
+
+var (
+	versionMethod        = "/eth/v1/node/version"
+	specMethod           = "/eth/v1/config/spec"
+	genesisMethod        = "/eth/v1/beacon/genesis"
+	sidecarsMethodPrefix = "/eth/v1/beacon/blob_sidecars/{slot}"
+)
+
+func VersionMethod(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	resp := &structs.GetVersionResponse{
+		Data: &structs.Version{
+			Version: "",
+		},
+	}
+	httputil.WriteJson(w, resp)
+}
+
+func SpecMethod(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	httputil.WriteJson(w, &structs.GetSpecResponse{Data: configSpec()})
+}
+
+func GenesisMethod(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	httputil.WriteJson(w, beaconGenesis())
+}
+
+func (s *Service) SidecarsMethod(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	indices, err := parseIndices(r.URL)
+	if err != nil {
+		httputil.HandleError(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+	segments := strings.Split(r.URL.Path, "/")
+	slot, err := strconv.ParseUint(segments[len(segments)-1], 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		httputil.HandleError(w, "not a valid slot(timestamp)", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	resp, err := beaconBlobSidecars(r.Context(), s.backend, slot, indices)
+	if err != nil {
+		httputil.HandleError(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+	httputil.WriteJson(w, resp)
+}
+
+// parseIndices filters out invalid and duplicate blob indices
+func parseIndices(url *url.URL) ([]int, error) {
+	rawIndices := url.Query()["indices"]
+	indices := make([]int, 0, field_params.MaxBlobsPerBlock)
+	invalidIndices := make([]string, 0)
+loop:
+	for _, raw := range rawIndices {
+		ix, err := strconv.Atoi(raw)
+		if err != nil {
+			invalidIndices = append(invalidIndices, raw)
+			continue
+		}
+		if ix >= field_params.MaxBlobsPerBlock {
+			invalidIndices = append(invalidIndices, raw)
+			continue
+		}
+		for i := range indices {
+			if ix == indices[i] {
+				continue loop
+			}
+		}
+		indices = append(indices, ix)
+	}
+
+	if len(invalidIndices) > 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("requested blob indices %v are invalid", invalidIndices)
+	}
+	return indices, nil
+}
--- a/beacon/fakebeacon/server.go
+++ b/beacon/fakebeacon/server.go
@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+package fakebeacon
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/ethapi"
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/api/server"
+)
+
+const (
+	DefaultAddr = "localhost"
+	DefaultPort = 8686
+)
+
+type Config struct {
+	Enable bool
+	Addr   string
+	Port   int
+}
+
+func defaultConfig() *Config {
+	return &Config{
+		Enable: false,
+		Addr:   DefaultAddr,
+		Port:   DefaultPort,
+	}
+}
+
+type Service struct {
+	cfg     *Config
+	router  *mux.Router
+	backend ethapi.Backend
+}
+
+func NewService(cfg *Config, backend ethapi.Backend) *Service {
+	cfgs := defaultConfig()
+	if cfg.Addr != "" {
+		cfgs.Addr = cfg.Addr
+	}
+	if cfg.Port > 0 {
+		cfgs.Port = cfg.Port
+	}
+
+	s := &Service{
+		cfg:     cfgs,
+		backend: backend,
+	}
+	router := s.newRouter()
+	s.router = router
+	return s
+}
+
+func (s *Service) Run() {
+	_ = http.ListenAndServe(s.cfg.Addr+":"+strconv.Itoa(s.cfg.Port), s.router)
+}
+
+func (s *Service) newRouter() *mux.Router {
+	r := mux.NewRouter()
+	r.Use(server.NormalizeQueryValuesHandler)
+	for _, e := range s.endpoints() {
+		r.HandleFunc(e.path, e.handler).Methods(e.methods...)
+	}
+	return r
+}
+
+type endpoint struct {
+	path    string
+	handler http.HandlerFunc
+	methods []string
+}
+
+func (s *Service) endpoints() []endpoint {
+	return []endpoint{
+		{
+			path:    versionMethod,
+			handler: VersionMethod,
+			methods: []string{http.MethodGet},
+		},
+		{
+			path:    specMethod,
+			handler: SpecMethod,
+			methods: []string{http.MethodGet},
+		},
+		{
+			path:    genesisMethod,
+			handler: GenesisMethod,
+			methods: []string{http.MethodGet},
+		},
+		{
+			path:    sidecarsMethodPrefix,
+			handler: s.SidecarsMethod,
+			methods: []string{http.MethodGet},
+		},
+	}
+}
--- a/beacon/fakebeacon/server_test.go
+++ b/beacon/fakebeacon/server_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+package fakebeacon
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+//
+//func TestFetchBlockNumberByTime(t *testing.T) {
+//	blockNum, err := fetchBlockNumberByTime(context.Background(), 1724052941, client)
+//	assert.Nil(t, err)
+//	assert.Equal(t, uint64(41493946), blockNum)
+//
+//	blockNum, err = fetchBlockNumberByTime(context.Background(), 1734052941, client)
+//	assert.Equal(t, err, errors.New("time too large"))
+//
+//	blockNum, err = fetchBlockNumberByTime(context.Background(), 1600153618, client)
+//	assert.Nil(t, err)
+//	assert.Equal(t, uint64(493946), blockNum)
+//}
+//
+//func TestBeaconBlobSidecars(t *testing.T) {
+//	indexBlobHash := []IndexedBlobHash{
+//		{Hash: common.HexToHash("0x01231952ecbaede62f8d0398b656072c072db36982c9ef106fbbc39ce14f983c"), Index: 0},
+//		{Hash: common.HexToHash("0x012c21a8284d2d707bb5318e874d2e1b97a53d028e96abb702b284a2cbb0f79c"), Index: 1},
+//		{Hash: common.HexToHash("0x011196c8d02536ede0382aa6e9fdba6c460169c0711b5f97fcd701bd8997aee3"), Index: 2},
+//		{Hash: common.HexToHash("0x019c86b46b27401fb978fd175d1eb7dadf4976d6919501b0c5280d13a5bab57b"), Index: 3},
+//		{Hash: common.HexToHash("0x01e00db7ee99176b3fd50aab45b4fae953292334bbf013707aac58c455d98596"), Index: 4},
+//		{Hash: common.HexToHash("0x0117d23b68123d578a98b3e1aa029661e0abda821a98444c21992eb1e5b7208f"), Index: 5},
+//		//{Hash: common.HexToHash("0x01e00db7ee99176b3fd50aab45b4fae953292334bbf013707aac58c455d98596"), Index: 1},
+//	}
+//
+//	resp, err := beaconBlobSidecars(context.Background(), 1724055046, []int{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}) // block: 41494647
+//	assert.Nil(t, err)
+//	assert.NotNil(t, resp)
+//	assert.NotEmpty(t, resp.Data)
+//	for i, sideCar := range resp.Data {
+//		assert.Equal(t, indexBlobHash[i].Index, sideCar.Index)
+//		assert.Equal(t, indexBlobHash[i].Hash, kZGToVersionedHash(sideCar.KZGCommitment))
+//	}
+//
+//	apiscs := make([]*BlobSidecar, 0, len(indexBlobHash))
+//	// filter and order by hashes
+//	for _, h := range indexBlobHash {
+//		for _, apisc := range resp.Data {
+//			if h.Index == int(apisc.Index) {
+//				apiscs = append(apiscs, apisc)
+//				break
+//			}
+//		}
+//	}
+//
+//	assert.Equal(t, len(apiscs), len(resp.Data))
+//	assert.Equal(t, len(apiscs), len(indexBlobHash))
+//}
+
+type TimeToSlotFn func(timestamp uint64) (uint64, error)
+
+// GetTimeToSlotFn returns a function that converts a timestamp to a slot number.
+func GetTimeToSlotFn(ctx context.Context) (TimeToSlotFn, error) {
+	genesis := beaconGenesis()
+	config := configSpec()
+
+	genesisTime, _ := strconv.ParseUint(genesis.Data.GenesisTime, 10, 64)
+	secondsPerSlot, _ := strconv.ParseUint(config.SecondsPerSlot, 10, 64)
+	if secondsPerSlot == 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("got bad value for seconds per slot: %v", config.SecondsPerSlot)
+	}
+	timeToSlotFn := func(timestamp uint64) (uint64, error) {
+		if timestamp < genesisTime {
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("provided timestamp (%v) precedes genesis time (%v)", timestamp, genesisTime)
+		}
+		return (timestamp - genesisTime) / secondsPerSlot, nil
+	}
+	return timeToSlotFn, nil
+}
+
+func TestAPI(t *testing.T) {
+	slotFn, err := GetTimeToSlotFn(context.Background())
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+
+	expTx := uint64(123151345)
+	gotTx, err := slotFn(expTx)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, expTx, gotTx)
+}
--- a/beacon/fakebeacon/utils.go
+++ b/beacon/fakebeacon/utils.go
@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package fakebeacon
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"math/rand"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/ethapi"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
+)
+
+func fetchBlockNumberByTime(ctx context.Context, ts int64, backend ethapi.Backend) (*types.Header, error) {
+	// calc the block number of the ts.
+	currentHeader := backend.CurrentHeader()
+	blockTime := int64(currentHeader.Time)
+	if ts > blockTime {
+		return nil, errors.New("time too large")
+	}
+	blockNum := currentHeader.Number.Uint64()
+	estimateEndNumber := int64(blockNum) - (blockTime-ts)/3
+	// find the end number
+	for {
+		header, err := backend.HeaderByNumber(ctx, rpc.BlockNumber(estimateEndNumber))
+		if err != nil {
+			time.Sleep(time.Duration(rand.Int()%180) * time.Millisecond)
+			continue
+		}
+		if header == nil {
+			estimateEndNumber -= 1
+			time.Sleep(time.Duration(rand.Int()%180) * time.Millisecond)
+			continue
+		}
+		headerTime := int64(header.Time)
+		if headerTime == ts {
+			return header, nil
+		}
+
+		// let the estimateEndNumber a little bigger than real value
+		if headerTime > ts+8 {
+			estimateEndNumber -= (headerTime - ts) / 3
+		} else if headerTime < ts {
+			estimateEndNumber += (ts-headerTime)/3 + 1
+		} else {
+			// search one by one
+			for headerTime >= ts {
+				header, err = backend.HeaderByNumber(ctx, rpc.BlockNumber(estimateEndNumber-1))
+				if err != nil {
+					time.Sleep(time.Duration(rand.Int()%180) * time.Millisecond)
+					continue
+				}
+				headerTime = int64(header.Time)
+				if headerTime == ts {
+					return header, nil
+				}
+				estimateEndNumber -= 1
+				if headerTime < ts { //found the real endNumber
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("block not found by time %d", ts)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/cmd/extradump/extradump_test.go
+++ b/cmd/extradump/extradump_test.go
@ -43,7 +43,42 @@ func TestExtraParse(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}

-	// case 3, |---Extra Vanity---|---Empty---|---Vote Attestation---|---Extra Seal---|
+	// case 3, |---Extra Vanity---|---Validators Number and Validators Bytes---|---Turn Length---|---Empty---|---Extra Seal---|
+	{
+		extraData := "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"
+		extra, err := parseExtra(extraData)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		{
+			var have = extra.ValidatorSize
+			var want = uint8(21)
+			if have != want {
+				t.Fatalf("extra.ValidatorSize mismatch, have %d, want %d", have, want)
+			}
+		}
+		{
+			var have = common.Bytes2Hex(extra.Validators[14].Address[:])
+			var want = "cc8e6d00c17eb431350c6c50d8b8f05176b90b11"
+			if have != want {
+				t.Fatalf("extra.Validators[14].Address mismatch, have %s, want %s", have, want)
+			}
+		}
+		{
+			var have = common.Bytes2Hex(extra.Validators[18].BLSPublicKey[:])
+			var want = "b2d4c6283c44a1c7bd503aaba7666e9f0c830e0ff016c1c750a5e48757a713d0836b1cabfd5c281b1de3b77d1c192183"
+			if have != want {
+				t.Fatalf("extra.Validators[18].BLSPublicKey mismatch, have %s, want %s", have, want)
+			}
+		}
+		{
+			var have = extra.TurnLength
+			var want = uint8(4)
+			if *have != want {
+				t.Fatalf("extra.TurnLength mismatch, have %d, want %d", *have, want)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// case 4, |---Extra Vanity---|---Empty---|---Vote Attestation---|---Extra Seal---|
 	{
 		extraData := "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"
 		extra, err := parseExtra(extraData)
@ -64,9 +99,9 @@ func TestExtraParse(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}

-	// case 4, |---Extra Vanity---|---Validators Number and Validators Bytes---|---Vote Attestation---|---Extra Seal---|
+	// case 5, |---Extra Vanity---|---Validators Number and Validators Bytes---|---Vote Attestation---|---Extra Seal---|
 	{
-		extraData := "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"
+		extraData := "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"
 		extra, err := parseExtra(extraData)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		{
@ -105,4 +140,53 @@ func TestExtraParse(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 		}
 	}
+
+	// case 6, |---Extra Vanity---|---Validators Number and Validators Bytes---|---Turn Length---|---Vote Attestation---|---Extra Seal---|
+	{
+		extraData := "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"
+		extra, err := parseExtra(extraData)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		{
+			var have = common.Bytes2Hex(extra.Validators[0].Address[:])
+			var want = "1284214b9b9c85549ab3d2b972df0deef66ac2c9"
+			if have != want {
+				t.Fatalf("extra.Validators[0].Address mismatch, have %s, want %s", have, want)
+			}
+		}
+		{
+			var have = common.Bytes2Hex(extra.Validators[0].BLSPublicKey[:])
+			var want = "8e82934ca974fdcd97f3309de967d3c9c43fa711a8d673af5d75465844bf8969c8d1948d903748ac7b8b1720fa64e50c"
+			if have != want {
+				t.Fatalf("extra.Validators[0].BLSPublicKey mismatch, have %s, want %s", have, want)
+			}
+		}
+		{
+			var have = extra.Validators[0].VoteIncluded
+			var want = true
+			if have != want {
+				t.Fatalf("extra.Validators[0].VoteIncluded mismatch, have %t, want %t", have, want)
+			}
+		}
+		{
+			var have = common.Bytes2Hex(extra.Data.TargetHash[:])
+			var want = "0edc71ce80105a3220a87bea2792fa340d66c59002f02b0a09349ed1ed284070"
+			if have != want {
+				t.Fatalf("extra.Data.TargetHash mismatch, have %s, want %s", have, want)
+			}
+		}
+		{
+			var have = extra.Data.TargetNumber
+			var want = uint64(32096999)
+			if have != want {
+				t.Fatalf("extra.Data.TargetNumber mismatch, have %d, want %d", have, want)
+			}
+		}
+		{
+			var have = extra.TurnLength
+			var want = uint8(4)
+			if *have != want {
+				t.Fatalf("extra.TurnLength mismatch, have %d, want %d", *have, want)
+			}
+		}
+	}
 }
--- a/cmd/extradump/main.go
+++ b/cmd/extradump/main.go
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ const (
 	BLSPublicKeyLength = 48

 	// follow order in extra field
-	// |---Extra Vanity---|---Validators Number and Validators Bytes (or Empty)---|---Vote Attestation (or Empty)---|---Extra Seal---|
+	// |---Extra Vanity---|---Validators Number and Validators Bytes (or Empty)---|---Turn Length (or Empty)---|---Vote Attestation (or Empty)---|---Extra Seal---|
 	extraVanityLength    = 32 // Fixed number of extra-data prefix bytes reserved for signer vanity
 	validatorNumberSize  = 1  // Fixed number of extra prefix bytes reserved for validator number after Luban
 	validatorBytesLength = common.AddressLength + types.BLSPublicKeyLength
@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ type Extra struct {
 	ExtraVanity   string
 	ValidatorSize uint8
 	Validators    validatorsAscending
+	TurnLength    *uint8
 	*types.VoteAttestation
 	ExtraSeal []byte
 }
@ -113,6 +114,15 @@ func parseExtra(hexData string) (*Extra, error) {
 			sort.Sort(extra.Validators)
 			data = data[validatorBytesTotalLength-validatorNumberSize:]
 			dataLength = len(data)
+
+			// parse TurnLength
+			if dataLength > 0 {
+				if data[0] != '\xf8' {
+					extra.TurnLength = &data[0]
+					data = data[1:]
+					dataLength = len(data)
+				}
+			}
 		}

 		// parse Vote Attestation
@ -148,6 +158,10 @@ func prettyExtra(extra Extra) {
 		}
 	}

+	if extra.TurnLength != nil {
+		fmt.Printf("TurnLength	:	%d\n", *extra.TurnLength)
+	}
+
 	if extra.VoteAttestation != nil {
 		fmt.Printf("Attestation	:\n")
 		fmt.Printf("\tVoteAddressSet	:	%b,	%d\n", extra.VoteAddressSet, bitset.From([]uint64{uint64(extra.VoteAddressSet)}).Count())
--- a/cmd/faucet/customized/DIN.png
+++ b/cmd/faucet/customized/DIN.png
--- a/cmd/faucet/customized/README.md
+++ b/cmd/faucet/customized/README.md
@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# 1.Background
+This is to support some projects with customized tokens that they want to integrate into the BSC faucet tool.
+
+## 1.1. How to Integrate Your Token
+- Step 1: Fund the faucet address by sending a specific amount of your BEP-20 token to the faucet address (0xaa25aa7a19f9c426e07dee59b12f944f4d9f1dd3) on the BSC testnet.
+- Step 2: Update this README.md file and create a Pull Request on [bsc github](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc) with relevant information.
+
+We will review the request, and once it is approved, the faucet tool will start to support the customized token and list it on https://www.bnbchain.org/en/testnet-faucet.
+
+# 2.Token List
+## 2.1.DemoToken
+- symbol: DEMO
+- amount: 10000000000000000000
+- icon: ./demotoken.png
+- addr: https://testnet.bscscan.com/address/0xe15c158d768c306dae87b96430a94f884333e55d
+- fundTx: [0xa499dc9aaf918aff0507538a8aa80a88d0af6ca15054e6acc57b69c651945280](https://testnet.bscscan.com/tx/0x2a3f334b6ca756b64331bdec9e6cf3207ac50a4839fda6379e909de4d9a194ca)
+- 
+## 2.2.DIN token
+- symbol: DIN
+- amount: 10000000000000000000
+- icon: ./DIN.png
+- addr: https://testnet.bscscan.com/address/0xb8b40FcC5B4519Dba0E07Ac8821884CE90BdE677
+- fundTx: [0x17fc4c1db133830c7c146a0d41ca1df31cb446989ec11b382d58bb6176d6fde3](https://testnet.bscscan.com/tx/0x17fc4c1db133830c7c146a0d41ca1df31cb446989ec11b382d58bb6176d6fde3)
--- a/cmd/faucet/customized/demotoken.png
+++ b/cmd/faucet/customized/demotoken.png
--- a/cmd/faucet/faucet.go
+++ b/cmd/faucet/faucet.go
@ -49,12 +49,14 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/gorilla/websocket"
+	"golang.org/x/time/rate"
 )

 var (
-	genesisFlag = flag.String("genesis", "", "Genesis json file to seed the chain with")
-	apiPortFlag = flag.Int("apiport", 8080, "Listener port for the HTTP API connection")
-	wsEndpoint  = flag.String("ws", "http://127.0.0.1:7777/", "Url to ws endpoint")
+	genesisFlag       = flag.String("genesis", "", "Genesis json file to seed the chain with")
+	apiPortFlag       = flag.Int("apiport", 8080, "Listener port for the HTTP API connection")
+	wsEndpoint        = flag.String("ws", "http://127.0.0.1:7777/", "Url to ws endpoint")
+	wsEndpointMainnet = flag.String("ws.mainnet", "", "Url to ws endpoint of BSC mainnet")

 	netnameFlag = flag.String("faucet.name", "", "Network name to assign to the faucet")
 	payoutFlag  = flag.Int("faucet.amount", 1, "Number of Ethers to pay out per user request")
@ -76,6 +78,12 @@ var (
 	fixGasPrice        = flag.Int64("faucet.fixedprice", 0, "Will use fixed gas price if specified")
 	twitterTokenFlag   = flag.String("twitter.token", "", "Bearer token to authenticate with the v2 Twitter API")
 	twitterTokenV1Flag = flag.String("twitter.token.v1", "", "Bearer token to authenticate with the v1.1 Twitter API")
+
+	resendInterval    = 15 * time.Second
+	resendBatchSize   = 3
+	resendMaxGasPrice = big.NewInt(50 * params.GWei)
+	wsReadTimeout     = 5 * time.Minute
+	minMainnetBalance = big.NewInt(2 * 1e6 * params.GWei) // 0.002 bnb
 )

 var (
@ -86,11 +94,17 @@ var (
 //go:embed faucet.html
 var websiteTmpl string

+func weiToEtherStringFx(wei *big.Int, prec int) string {
+	etherValue := new(big.Float).Quo(new(big.Float).SetInt(wei), big.NewFloat(params.Ether))
+	// Format the big.Float directly to a string with the specified precision
+	return etherValue.Text('f', prec)
+}
+
 func main() {
 	// Parse the flags and set up the logger to print everything requested
 	flag.Parse()
-	log.SetDefault(log.NewLogger(log.NewTerminalHandlerWithLevel(os.Stderr, log.FromLegacyLevel(*logFlag), true)))
-
+	log.SetDefault(log.NewLogger(log.NewTerminalHandlerWithLevel(os.Stderr, log.FromLegacyLevel(*logFlag), false)))
+	log.Info("faucet started")
 	// Construct the payout tiers
 	amounts := make([]string, *tiersFlag)
 	for i := 0; i < *tiersFlag; i++ {
@ -169,7 +183,7 @@ func main() {
 		log.Crit("Failed to unlock faucet signer account", "err", err)
 	}
 	// Assemble and start the faucet light service
-	faucet, err := newFaucet(genesis, *wsEndpoint, ks, website.Bytes(), bep2eInfos)
+	faucet, err := newFaucet(genesis, *wsEndpoint, *wsEndpointMainnet, ks, website.Bytes(), bep2eInfos)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Crit("Failed to start faucet", "err", err)
 	}
@ -196,9 +210,10 @@ type bep2eInfo struct {

 // faucet represents a crypto faucet backed by an Ethereum light client.
 type faucet struct {
-	config *params.ChainConfig // Chain configurations for signing
-	client *ethclient.Client   // Client connection to the Ethereum chain
-	index  []byte              // Index page to serve up on the web
+	config        *params.ChainConfig // Chain configurations for signing
+	client        *ethclient.Client   // Client connection to the Ethereum chain
+	clientMainnet *ethclient.Client   // Client connection to BSC mainnet for balance check
+	index         []byte              // Index page to serve up on the web

 	keystore *keystore.KeyStore // Keystore containing the single signer
 	account  accounts.Account   // Account funding user faucet requests
@ -216,6 +231,8 @@ type faucet struct {

 	bep2eInfos map[string]bep2eInfo
 	bep2eAbi   abi.ABI
+
+	limiter *IPRateLimiter
 }

 // wsConn wraps a websocket connection with a write mutex as the underlying
@ -225,7 +242,7 @@ type wsConn struct {
 	wlock sync.Mutex
 }

-func newFaucet(genesis *core.Genesis, url string, ks *keystore.KeyStore, index []byte, bep2eInfos map[string]bep2eInfo) (*faucet, error) {
+func newFaucet(genesis *core.Genesis, url string, mainnetUrl string, ks *keystore.KeyStore, index []byte, bep2eInfos map[string]bep2eInfo) (*faucet, error) {
 	bep2eAbi, err := abi.JSON(strings.NewReader(bep2eAbiJson))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@ -234,17 +251,30 @@ func newFaucet(genesis *core.Genesis, url string, ks *keystore.KeyStore, index [
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	clientMainnet, err := ethclient.Dial(mainnetUrl)
+	if err != nil {
+		// skip mainnet balance check if it there is no available mainnet endpoint
+		log.Warn("dail mainnet endpoint failed", "mainnetUrl", mainnetUrl, "err", err)
+	}
+
+	// Allow 1 request per minute with burst of 5, and cache up to 1000 IPs
+	limiter, err := NewIPRateLimiter(rate.Limit(1.0), 5, 1000)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}

 	return &faucet{
-		config:     genesis.Config,
-		client:     client,
-		index:      index,
-		keystore:   ks,
-		account:    ks.Accounts()[0],
-		timeouts:   make(map[string]time.Time),
-		update:     make(chan struct{}, 1),
-		bep2eInfos: bep2eInfos,
-		bep2eAbi:   bep2eAbi,
+		config:        genesis.Config,
+		client:        client,
+		clientMainnet: clientMainnet,
+		index:         index,
+		keystore:      ks,
+		account:       ks.Accounts()[0],
+		timeouts:      make(map[string]time.Time),
+		update:        make(chan struct{}, 1),
+		bep2eInfos:    bep2eInfos,
+		bep2eAbi:      bep2eAbi,
+		limiter:       limiter,
 	}, nil
 }

@ -272,6 +302,20 @@ func (f *faucet) webHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {

 // apiHandler handles requests for Ether grants and transaction statuses.
 func (f *faucet) apiHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	ip := r.RemoteAddr
+	if len(r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-For")) > 0 {
+		ips := strings.Split(r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-For"), ",")
+		if len(ips) > 0 {
+			ip = strings.TrimSpace(ips[len(ips)-1])
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !f.limiter.GetLimiter(ip).Allow() {
+		log.Warn("Too many requests from client: ", "client", ip)
+		http.Error(w, "Too many requests", http.StatusTooManyRequests)
+		return
+	}
+
 	upgrader := websocket.Upgrader{CheckOrigin: func(r *http.Request) bool { return true }}
 	conn, err := upgrader.Upgrade(w, r, nil)
 	if err != nil {
@ -354,7 +398,11 @@ func (f *faucet) apiHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			Captcha string `json:"captcha"`
 			Symbol  string `json:"symbol"`
 		}
+		// not sure if it helps or not, but set a read deadline could help prevent resource leakage
+		// if user did not give response for too long, then the routine will be stuck.
+		conn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(wsReadTimeout))
 		if err = conn.ReadJSON(&msg); err != nil {
+			log.Debug("read json message failed", "err", err, "ip", ip)
 			return
 		}
 		if !*noauthFlag && !strings.HasPrefix(msg.URL, "https://twitter.com/") && !strings.HasPrefix(msg.URL, "https://www.facebook.com/") {
@ -372,9 +420,9 @@ func (f *faucet) apiHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			}
 			continue
 		}
-		log.Info("Faucet funds requested", "url", msg.URL, "tier", msg.Tier)
+		log.Info("Faucet funds requested", "url", msg.URL, "tier", msg.Tier, "ip", ip)

-		// If captcha verifications are enabled, make sure we're not dealing with a robot
+		// check #1: captcha verifications to exclude robot
 		if *captchaToken != "" {
 			form := url.Values{}
 			form.Add("secret", *captchaSecret)
@ -451,88 +499,108 @@ func (f *faucet) apiHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			}
 			continue
 		}
-		log.Info("Faucet request valid", "url", msg.URL, "tier", msg.Tier, "user", username, "address", address)

-		// Ensure the user didn't request funds too recently
+		// check #2: check IP and ID(address) to ensure the user didn't request funds too frequently
 		f.lock.Lock()
-		var (
-			fund    bool
-			timeout time.Time
-		)

 		if ipTimeout := f.timeouts[ips[len(ips)-2]]; time.Now().Before(ipTimeout) {
+			f.lock.Unlock()
 			if err = sendError(wsconn, fmt.Errorf("%s left until next allowance", common.PrettyDuration(time.Until(ipTimeout)))); err != nil { // nolint: gosimple
 				log.Warn("Failed to send funding error to client", "err", err)
+				return
 			}
-			f.lock.Unlock()
+			log.Info("too frequent funding(ip)", "TimeLeft", common.PrettyDuration(time.Until(ipTimeout)), "ip", ips[len(ips)-2], "ipsStr", ipsStr)
 			continue
 		}
-
-		if timeout = f.timeouts[id]; time.Now().After(timeout) {
-			var tx *types.Transaction
-			if msg.Symbol == "BNB" {
-				// User wasn't funded recently, create the funding transaction
-				amount := new(big.Int).Div(new(big.Int).Mul(big.NewInt(int64(*payoutFlag)), ether), big.NewInt(10))
-				amount = new(big.Int).Mul(amount, new(big.Int).Exp(big.NewInt(5), big.NewInt(int64(msg.Tier)), nil))
-				amount = new(big.Int).Div(amount, new(big.Int).Exp(big.NewInt(2), big.NewInt(int64(msg.Tier)), nil))
-
-				tx = types.NewTransaction(f.nonce+uint64(len(f.reqs)), address, amount, 21000, f.price, nil)
-			} else {
-				tokenInfo, ok := f.bep2eInfos[msg.Symbol]
-				if !ok {
-					f.lock.Unlock()
-					log.Warn("Failed to find symbol", "symbol", msg.Symbol)
-					continue
-				}
-				input, err := f.bep2eAbi.Pack("transfer", address, &tokenInfo.Amount)
-				if err != nil {
-					f.lock.Unlock()
-					log.Warn("Failed to pack transfer transaction", "err", err)
-					continue
-				}
-				tx = types.NewTransaction(f.nonce+uint64(len(f.reqs)), tokenInfo.Contract, nil, 420000, f.price, input)
+		if idTimeout := f.timeouts[id]; time.Now().Before(idTimeout) {
+			f.lock.Unlock()
+			// Send an error if too frequent funding, otherwise a success
+			if err = sendError(wsconn, fmt.Errorf("%s left until next allowance", common.PrettyDuration(time.Until(idTimeout)))); err != nil { // nolint: gosimple
+				log.Warn("Failed to send funding error to client", "err", err)
+				return
 			}
-			signed, err := f.keystore.SignTx(f.account, tx, f.config.ChainID)
+			log.Info("too frequent funding(id)", "TimeLeft", common.PrettyDuration(time.Until(idTimeout)), "id", id)
+			continue
+		}
+		// check #3: minimum mainnet balance check, internal error will bypass the check to avoid blocking the faucet service
+		if f.clientMainnet != nil {
+			mainnetAddr := address
+			balanceMainnet, err := f.clientMainnet.BalanceAt(context.Background(), mainnetAddr, nil)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Warn("check balance failed, call BalanceAt", "err", err)
+			} else if balanceMainnet == nil {
+				log.Warn("check balance failed, balanceMainnet is nil")
+			} else {
+				if balanceMainnet.Cmp(minMainnetBalance) < 0 {
+					f.lock.Unlock()
+					log.Warn("insufficient BNB on BSC mainnet", "address", mainnetAddr,
+						"balanceMainnet", balanceMainnet, "minMainnetBalance", minMainnetBalance)
+					// Send an error if failed to meet the minimum balance requirement
+					if err = sendError(wsconn, fmt.Errorf("insufficient BNB on BSC mainnet        (require >=%sBNB)",
+						weiToEtherStringFx(minMainnetBalance, 3))); err != nil {
+						log.Warn("Failed to send mainnet minimum balance error to client", "err", err)
+						return
+					}
+					continue
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		log.Info("Faucet request valid", "url", msg.URL, "tier", msg.Tier, "user", username, "address", address, "ip", ip)
+
+		// now, it is ok to send tBNB or other tokens
+		var tx *types.Transaction
+		if msg.Symbol == "BNB" {
+			// User wasn't funded recently, create the funding transaction
+			amount := new(big.Int).Div(new(big.Int).Mul(big.NewInt(int64(*payoutFlag)), ether), big.NewInt(10))
+			amount = new(big.Int).Mul(amount, new(big.Int).Exp(big.NewInt(5), big.NewInt(int64(msg.Tier)), nil))
+			amount = new(big.Int).Div(amount, new(big.Int).Exp(big.NewInt(2), big.NewInt(int64(msg.Tier)), nil))
+
+			tx = types.NewTransaction(f.nonce+uint64(len(f.reqs)), address, amount, 21000, f.price, nil)
+		} else {
+			tokenInfo, ok := f.bep2eInfos[msg.Symbol]
+			if !ok {
+				f.lock.Unlock()
+				log.Warn("Failed to find symbol", "symbol", msg.Symbol)
+				continue
+			}
+			input, err := f.bep2eAbi.Pack("transfer", address, &tokenInfo.Amount)
 			if err != nil {
 				f.lock.Unlock()
-				if err = sendError(wsconn, err); err != nil {
-					log.Warn("Failed to send transaction creation error to client", "err", err)
-					return
-				}
+				log.Warn("Failed to pack transfer transaction", "err", err)
 				continue
 			}
-			// Submit the transaction and mark as funded if successful
-			if err := f.client.SendTransaction(context.Background(), signed); err != nil {
-				f.lock.Unlock()
-				if err = sendError(wsconn, err); err != nil {
-					log.Warn("Failed to send transaction transmission error to client", "err", err)
-					return
-				}
-				continue
-			}
-			f.reqs = append(f.reqs, &request{
-				Avatar:  avatar,
-				Account: address,
-				Time:    time.Now(),
-				Tx:      signed,
-			})
-			timeout := time.Duration(*minutesFlag*int(math.Pow(3, float64(msg.Tier)))) * time.Minute
-			grace := timeout / 288 // 24h timeout => 5m grace
-
-			f.timeouts[id] = time.Now().Add(timeout - grace)
-			f.timeouts[ips[len(ips)-2]] = time.Now().Add(timeout - grace)
-			fund = true
+			tx = types.NewTransaction(f.nonce+uint64(len(f.reqs)), tokenInfo.Contract, nil, 420000, f.price, input)
 		}
-		f.lock.Unlock()
-
-		// Send an error if too frequent funding, otherwise a success
-		if !fund {
-			if err = sendError(wsconn, fmt.Errorf("%s left until next allowance", common.PrettyDuration(time.Until(timeout)))); err != nil { // nolint: gosimple
-				log.Warn("Failed to send funding error to client", "err", err)
+		signed, err := f.keystore.SignTx(f.account, tx, f.config.ChainID)
+		if err != nil {
+			f.lock.Unlock()
+			if err = sendError(wsconn, err); err != nil {
+				log.Warn("Failed to send transaction creation error to client", "err", err)
 				return
 			}
 			continue
 		}
+		// Submit the transaction and mark as funded if successful
+		if err := f.client.SendTransaction(context.Background(), signed); err != nil {
+			f.lock.Unlock()
+			if err = sendError(wsconn, err); err != nil {
+				log.Warn("Failed to send transaction transmission error to client", "err", err)
+				return
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		f.reqs = append(f.reqs, &request{
+			Avatar:  avatar,
+			Account: address,
+			Time:    time.Now(),
+			Tx:      signed,
+		})
+		timeoutInt64 := time.Duration(*minutesFlag*int(math.Pow(3, float64(msg.Tier)))) * time.Minute
+		grace := timeoutInt64 / 288 // 24h timeout => 5m grace
+
+		f.timeouts[id] = time.Now().Add(timeoutInt64 - grace)
+		f.timeouts[ips[len(ips)-2]] = time.Now().Add(timeoutInt64 - grace)
+		f.lock.Unlock()
 		if err = sendSuccess(wsconn, fmt.Sprintf("Funding request accepted for %s into %s", username, address.Hex())); err != nil {
 			log.Warn("Failed to send funding success to client", "err", err)
 			return
@ -581,9 +649,52 @@ func (f *faucet) refresh(head *types.Header) error {
 	f.lock.Lock()
 	f.head, f.balance = head, balance
 	f.price, f.nonce = price, nonce
-	if len(f.reqs) > 0 && f.reqs[0].Tx.Nonce() > f.nonce {
+	if len(f.reqs) == 0 {
+		log.Debug("refresh len(f.reqs) == 0", "f.nonce", f.nonce)
+		f.lock.Unlock()
+		return nil
+	}
+	if f.reqs[0].Tx.Nonce() == f.nonce {
+		// if the next Tx failed to be included for a certain time(resendInterval), try to
+		// resend it with higher gasPrice, as it could be discarded in the network.
+		// Also resend extra following txs, as they could be discarded as well.
+		if time.Now().After(f.reqs[0].Time.Add(resendInterval)) {
+			for i, req := range f.reqs {
+				if i >= resendBatchSize {
+					break
+				}
+				prePrice := req.Tx.GasPrice()
+				// bump gas price 20% to replace the previous tx
+				newPrice := new(big.Int).Add(prePrice, new(big.Int).Div(prePrice, big.NewInt(5)))
+				if newPrice.Cmp(resendMaxGasPrice) >= 0 {
+					log.Info("resendMaxGasPrice reached", "newPrice", newPrice, "resendMaxGasPrice", resendMaxGasPrice, "nonce", req.Tx.Nonce())
+					break
+				}
+				newTx := types.NewTransaction(req.Tx.Nonce(), *req.Tx.To(), req.Tx.Value(), req.Tx.Gas(), newPrice, req.Tx.Data())
+				newSigned, err := f.keystore.SignTx(f.account, newTx, f.config.ChainID)
+				if err != nil {
+					log.Error("resend sign tx failed", "err", err)
+				}
+				log.Info("reqs[0] Tx has been stuck for a while, trigger resend",
+					"resendInterval", resendInterval, "resendTxSize", resendBatchSize,
+					"preHash", req.Tx.Hash().Hex(), "newHash", newSigned.Hash().Hex(),
+					"newPrice", newPrice, "nonce", req.Tx.Nonce(), "req.Tx.Gas()", req.Tx.Gas())
+				if err := f.client.SendTransaction(context.Background(), newSigned); err != nil {
+					log.Warn("resend tx failed", "err", err)
+					continue
+				}
+				req.Tx = newSigned
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	// it is abnormal that reqs[0] has larger nonce than next expected nonce.
+	// could be caused by reorg? reset it
+	if f.reqs[0].Tx.Nonce() > f.nonce {
+		log.Warn("reset due to nonce gap", "f.nonce", f.nonce, "f.reqs[0].Tx.Nonce()", f.reqs[0].Tx.Nonce())
 		f.reqs = f.reqs[:0]
 	}
+	// remove the reqs if they have smaller nonce, which means it is no longer valid,
+	// either has been accepted or replaced.
 	for len(f.reqs) > 0 && f.reqs[0].Tx.Nonce() < f.nonce {
 		f.reqs = f.reqs[1:]
 	}
@ -625,24 +736,27 @@ func (f *faucet) loop() {
 			balance := new(big.Int).Div(f.balance, ether)

 			for _, conn := range f.conns {
-				if err := send(conn, map[string]interface{}{
-					"funds":    balance,
-					"funded":   f.nonce,
-					"requests": f.reqs,
-				}, time.Second); err != nil {
-					log.Warn("Failed to send stats to client", "err", err)
-					conn.conn.Close()
-					continue
-				}
-				if err := send(conn, head, time.Second); err != nil {
-					log.Warn("Failed to send header to client", "err", err)
-					conn.conn.Close()
-				}
+				go func(conn *wsConn) {
+					if err := send(conn, map[string]interface{}{
+						"funds":    balance,
+						"funded":   f.nonce,
+						"requests": f.reqs,
+					}, time.Second); err != nil {
+						log.Warn("Failed to send stats to client", "err", err)
+						conn.conn.Close()
+						return // Exit the goroutine if the first send fails
+					}
+
+					if err := send(conn, head, time.Second); err != nil {
+						log.Warn("Failed to send header to client", "err", err)
+						conn.conn.Close()
+					}
+				}(conn)
 			}
 			f.lock.RUnlock()
 		}
 	}()
-	// Wait for various events and assing to the appropriate background threads
+	// Wait for various events and assign to the appropriate background threads
 	for {
 		select {
 		case head := <-heads:
@ -656,10 +770,12 @@ func (f *faucet) loop() {
 			// Pending requests updated, stream to clients
 			f.lock.RLock()
 			for _, conn := range f.conns {
-				if err := send(conn, map[string]interface{}{"requests": f.reqs}, time.Second); err != nil {
-					log.Warn("Failed to send requests to client", "err", err)
-					conn.conn.Close()
-				}
+				go func(conn *wsConn) {
+					if err := send(conn, map[string]interface{}{"requests": f.reqs}, time.Second); err != nil {
+						log.Warn("Failed to send requests to client", "err", err)
+						conn.conn.Close()
+					}
+				}(conn)
 			}
 			f.lock.RUnlock()
 		}
--- a/cmd/faucet/rate_limiter.go
+++ b/cmd/faucet/rate_limiter.go
@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	lru "github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru"
+	"golang.org/x/time/rate"
+)
+
+type IPRateLimiter struct {
+	ips *lru.Cache // LRU cache to store IP addresses and their associated rate limiters
+	r   rate.Limit // the rate limit, e.g., 5 requests per second
+	b   int        // the burst size, e.g., allowing a burst of 10 requests at once. The rate limiter gets into action
+	// only after this number exceeds
+}
+
+func NewIPRateLimiter(r rate.Limit, b int, size int) (*IPRateLimiter, error) {
+	cache, err := lru.New(size)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	i := &IPRateLimiter{
+		ips: cache,
+		r:   r,
+		b:   b,
+	}
+
+	return i, nil
+}
+
+func (i *IPRateLimiter) addIP(ip string) *rate.Limiter {
+	limiter := rate.NewLimiter(i.r, i.b)
+
+	i.ips.Add(ip, limiter)
+
+	return limiter
+}
+
+func (i *IPRateLimiter) GetLimiter(ip string) *rate.Limiter {
+	if limiter, exists := i.ips.Get(ip); exists {
+		return limiter.(*rate.Limiter)
+	}
+
+	return i.addIP(ip)
+}
--- a/cmd/geth/chaincmd.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/chaincmd.go
@ -62,8 +62,10 @@ var (
 		ArgsUsage: "<genesisPath>",
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.CachePreimagesFlag,
-			utils.OverrideCancun,
+			utils.OverridePassedForkTime,
+			utils.OverrideBohr,
 			utils.OverrideVerkle,
+			utils.MultiDataBaseFlag,
 		}, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: `
 The init command initializes a new genesis block and definition for the network.
@ -252,9 +254,13 @@ func initGenesis(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	defer stack.Close()

 	var overrides core.ChainOverrides
-	if ctx.IsSet(utils.OverrideCancun.Name) {
-		v := ctx.Uint64(utils.OverrideCancun.Name)
-		overrides.OverrideCancun = &v
+	if ctx.IsSet(utils.OverridePassedForkTime.Name) {
+		v := ctx.Uint64(utils.OverridePassedForkTime.Name)
+		overrides.OverridePassedForkTime = &v
+	}
+	if ctx.IsSet(utils.OverrideBohr.Name) {
+		v := ctx.Uint64(utils.OverrideBohr.Name)
+		overrides.OverrideBohr = &v
 	}
 	if ctx.IsSet(utils.OverrideVerkle.Name) {
 		v := ctx.Uint64(utils.OverrideVerkle.Name)
@ -759,7 +765,7 @@ func parseDumpConfig(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node) (*state.DumpConfig, eth
 		arg := ctx.Args().First()
 		if hashish(arg) {
 			hash := common.HexToHash(arg)
-			if number := rawdb.ReadHeaderNumber(db.BlockStore(), hash); number != nil {
+			if number := rawdb.ReadHeaderNumber(db, hash); number != nil {
 				header = rawdb.ReadHeader(db, hash, *number)
 			} else {
 				return nil, nil, common.Hash{}, fmt.Errorf("block %x not found", hash)
--- a/cmd/geth/config.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/config.go
@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/keystore"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/scwallet"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/usbwallet"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/fakebeacon"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
@ -92,10 +93,11 @@ type ethstatsConfig struct {
 }

 type gethConfig struct {
-	Eth      ethconfig.Config
-	Node     node.Config
-	Ethstats ethstatsConfig
-	Metrics  metrics.Config
+	Eth        ethconfig.Config
+	Node       node.Config
+	Ethstats   ethstatsConfig
+	Metrics    metrics.Config
+	FakeBeacon fakebeacon.Config
 }

 func loadConfig(file string, cfg *gethConfig) error {
@ -185,9 +187,13 @@ func makeFullNode(ctx *cli.Context) (*node.Node, ethapi.Backend) {
 		params.RialtoGenesisHash = common.HexToHash(v)
 	}

-	if ctx.IsSet(utils.OverrideCancun.Name) {
-		v := ctx.Uint64(utils.OverrideCancun.Name)
-		cfg.Eth.OverrideCancun = &v
+	if ctx.IsSet(utils.OverridePassedForkTime.Name) {
+		v := ctx.Uint64(utils.OverridePassedForkTime.Name)
+		cfg.Eth.OverridePassedForkTime = &v
+	}
+	if ctx.IsSet(utils.OverrideBohr.Name) {
+		v := ctx.Uint64(utils.OverrideBohr.Name)
+		cfg.Eth.OverrideBohr = &v
 	}
 	if ctx.IsSet(utils.OverrideVerkle.Name) {
 		v := ctx.Uint64(utils.OverrideVerkle.Name)
@ -206,6 +212,9 @@ func makeFullNode(ctx *cli.Context) (*node.Node, ethapi.Backend) {
 	if ctx.IsSet(utils.OverrideBreatheBlockInterval.Name) {
 		params.BreatheBlockInterval = ctx.Uint64(utils.OverrideBreatheBlockInterval.Name)
 	}
+	if ctx.IsSet(utils.OverrideFixedTurnLength.Name) {
+		params.FixedTurnLength = ctx.Uint64(utils.OverrideFixedTurnLength.Name)
+	}

 	backend, eth := utils.RegisterEthService(stack, &cfg.Eth)

@ -235,11 +244,22 @@ func makeFullNode(ctx *cli.Context) (*node.Node, ethapi.Backend) {
 		utils.RegisterEthStatsService(stack, backend, cfg.Ethstats.URL)
 	}

+	if ctx.IsSet(utils.FakeBeaconAddrFlag.Name) {
+		cfg.FakeBeacon.Addr = ctx.String(utils.FakeBeaconAddrFlag.Name)
+	}
+	if ctx.IsSet(utils.FakeBeaconPortFlag.Name) {
+		cfg.FakeBeacon.Port = ctx.Int(utils.FakeBeaconPortFlag.Name)
+	}
+	if cfg.FakeBeacon.Enable || ctx.IsSet(utils.FakeBeaconEnabledFlag.Name) {
+		go fakebeacon.NewService(&cfg.FakeBeacon, backend).Run()
+	}
+
 	git, _ := version.VCS()
 	utils.SetupMetrics(ctx,
 		utils.EnableBuildInfo(git.Commit, git.Date),
 		utils.EnableMinerInfo(ctx, &cfg.Eth.Miner),
 		utils.EnableNodeInfo(&cfg.Eth.TxPool, stack.Server().NodeInfo()),
+		utils.EnableNodeTrack(ctx, &cfg.Eth, stack),
 	)
 	return stack, backend
 }
@ -280,7 +300,6 @@ func applyMetricConfig(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *gethConfig) {
 	if ctx.IsSet(utils.MetricsEnabledExpensiveFlag.Name) {
 		cfg.Metrics.EnabledExpensive = ctx.Bool(utils.MetricsEnabledExpensiveFlag.Name)
 	}
-	cfg.Metrics.EnabledExpensive = true
 	if ctx.IsSet(utils.MetricsHTTPFlag.Name) {
 		cfg.Metrics.HTTP = ctx.String(utils.MetricsHTTPFlag.Name)
 	}
--- a/cmd/geth/dbcmd.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/dbcmd.go
@ -106,12 +106,12 @@ Remove blockchain and state databases`,
 	dbInspectTrieCmd = &cli.Command{
 		Action:    inspectTrie,
 		Name:      "inspect-trie",
-		ArgsUsage: "<blocknum> <jobnum>",
+		ArgsUsage: "<blocknum> <jobnum> <topn>",
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
 			utils.DataDirFlag,
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
 		},
-		Usage:       "Inspect the MPT tree of the account and contract.",
+		Usage:       "Inspect the MPT tree of the account and contract. 'blocknum' can be latest/snapshot/number. 'topn' means output the top N storage tries info ranked by the total number of TrieNodes",
 		Description: `This commands iterates the entrie WorldState.`,
 	}
 	dbCheckStateContentCmd = &cli.Command{
@ -386,6 +386,7 @@ func inspectTrie(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		blockNumber  uint64
 		trieRootHash common.Hash
 		jobnum       uint64
+		topN         uint64
 	)

 	stack, _ := makeConfigNode(ctx)
@ -396,8 +397,8 @@ func inspectTrie(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	var headerBlockHash common.Hash
 	if ctx.NArg() >= 1 {
 		if ctx.Args().Get(0) == "latest" {
-			headerHash := rawdb.ReadHeadHeaderHash(db.BlockStore())
-			blockNumber = *(rawdb.ReadHeaderNumber(db.BlockStore(), headerHash))
+			headerHash := rawdb.ReadHeadHeaderHash(db)
+			blockNumber = *(rawdb.ReadHeaderNumber(db, headerHash))
 		} else if ctx.Args().Get(0) == "snapshot" {
 			trieRootHash = rawdb.ReadSnapshotRoot(db)
 			blockNumber = math.MaxUint64
@ -405,24 +406,37 @@ func inspectTrie(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 			var err error
 			blockNumber, err = strconv.ParseUint(ctx.Args().Get(0), 10, 64)
 			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to Parse blocknum, Args[0]: %v, err: %v", ctx.Args().Get(0), err)
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse blocknum, Args[0]: %v, err: %v", ctx.Args().Get(0), err)
 			}
 		}

 		if ctx.NArg() == 1 {
 			jobnum = 1000
+			topN = 10
+		} else if ctx.NArg() == 2 {
+			var err error
+			jobnum, err = strconv.ParseUint(ctx.Args().Get(1), 10, 64)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse jobnum, Args[1]: %v, err: %v", ctx.Args().Get(1), err)
+			}
+			topN = 10
 		} else {
 			var err error
 			jobnum, err = strconv.ParseUint(ctx.Args().Get(1), 10, 64)
 			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to Parse jobnum, Args[1]: %v, err: %v", ctx.Args().Get(1), err)
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse jobnum, Args[1]: %v, err: %v", ctx.Args().Get(1), err)
+			}
+
+			topN, err = strconv.ParseUint(ctx.Args().Get(2), 10, 64)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse topn, Args[1]: %v, err: %v", ctx.Args().Get(1), err)
 			}
 		}

 		if blockNumber != math.MaxUint64 {
 			headerBlockHash = rawdb.ReadCanonicalHash(db, blockNumber)
 			if headerBlockHash == (common.Hash{}) {
-				return errors.New("ReadHeadBlockHash empry hash")
+				return errors.New("ReadHeadBlockHash empty hash")
 			}
 			blockHeader := rawdb.ReadHeader(db, headerBlockHash, blockNumber)
 			trieRootHash = blockHeader.Root
@ -437,6 +451,7 @@ func inspectTrie(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		if dbScheme == rawdb.PathScheme {
 			config = &triedb.Config{
 				PathDB: utils.PathDBConfigAddJournalFilePath(stack, pathdb.ReadOnly),
+				Cache:  0,
 			}
 		} else if dbScheme == rawdb.HashScheme {
 			config = triedb.HashDefaults
@ -448,7 +463,7 @@ func inspectTrie(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 			fmt.Printf("fail to new trie tree, err: %v, rootHash: %v\n", err, trieRootHash.String())
 			return err
 		}
-		theInspect, err := trie.NewInspector(theTrie, triedb, trieRootHash, blockNumber, jobnum)
+		theInspect, err := trie.NewInspector(theTrie, triedb, trieRootHash, blockNumber, jobnum, int(topN))
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@ -493,7 +508,7 @@ func ancientInspect(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	stack, _ := makeConfigNode(ctx)
 	defer stack.Close()

-	db := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, true, true)
+	db := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, true, false)
 	defer db.Close()
 	return rawdb.AncientInspect(db)
 }
@ -1197,7 +1212,7 @@ func showMetaData(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error accessing ancients: %v", err)
 	}
-	data := rawdb.ReadChainMetadataFromMultiDatabase(db)
+	data := rawdb.ReadChainMetadata(db)
 	data = append(data, []string{"frozen", fmt.Sprintf("%d items", ancients)})
 	data = append(data, []string{"snapshotGenerator", snapshot.ParseGeneratorStatus(rawdb.ReadSnapshotGenerator(db))})
 	if b := rawdb.ReadHeadBlock(db); b != nil {
@ -1240,7 +1255,7 @@ func hbss2pbss(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	defer stack.Close()

 	db := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, false, false)
-	db.Sync()
+	db.BlockStore().Sync()
 	stateDiskDb := db.StateStore()
 	defer db.Close()

@ -1258,8 +1273,8 @@ func hbss2pbss(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		log.Info("hbss2pbss triedb", "scheme", triedb.Scheme())
 		defer triedb.Close()

-		headerHash := rawdb.ReadHeadHeaderHash(db.BlockStore())
-		blockNumber := rawdb.ReadHeaderNumber(db.BlockStore(), headerHash)
+		headerHash := rawdb.ReadHeadHeaderHash(db)
+		blockNumber := rawdb.ReadHeaderNumber(db, headerHash)
 		if blockNumber == nil {
 			log.Error("read header number failed.")
 			return fmt.Errorf("read header number failed")
--- a/cmd/geth/main.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/main.go
@ -72,12 +72,14 @@ var (
 		utils.USBFlag,
 		utils.SmartCardDaemonPathFlag,
 		utils.RialtoHash,
-		utils.OverrideCancun,
+		utils.OverridePassedForkTime,
+		utils.OverrideBohr,
 		utils.OverrideVerkle,
 		utils.OverrideFullImmutabilityThreshold,
 		utils.OverrideMinBlocksForBlobRequests,
 		utils.OverrideDefaultExtraReserveForBlobRequests,
 		utils.OverrideBreatheBlockInterval,
+		utils.OverrideFixedTurnLength,
 		utils.EnablePersonal,
 		utils.TxPoolLocalsFlag,
 		utils.TxPoolNoLocalsFlag,
@ -125,6 +127,7 @@ var (
 		utils.CacheSnapshotFlag,
 		// utils.CacheNoPrefetchFlag,
 		utils.CachePreimagesFlag,
+		utils.MultiDataBaseFlag,
 		utils.PersistDiffFlag,
 		utils.DiffBlockFlag,
 		utils.PruneAncientDataFlag,
@ -229,6 +232,12 @@ var (
 		utils.MetricsInfluxDBBucketFlag,
 		utils.MetricsInfluxDBOrganizationFlag,
 	}
+
+	fakeBeaconFlags = []cli.Flag{
+		utils.FakeBeaconEnabledFlag,
+		utils.FakeBeaconAddrFlag,
+		utils.FakeBeaconPortFlag,
+	}
 )

 var app = flags.NewApp("the go-ethereum command line interface")
@ -283,6 +292,7 @@ func init() {
 		consoleFlags,
 		debug.Flags,
 		metricsFlags,
+		fakeBeaconFlags,
 	)
 	flags.AutoEnvVars(app.Flags, "GETH")

@ -334,9 +344,6 @@ func prepare(ctx *cli.Context) {
  5. Networking is disabled; there is no listen-address, the maximum number of peers is set
     to 0, and discovery is disabled.
 `)
-
-	case !ctx.IsSet(utils.NetworkIdFlag.Name):
-		log.Info("Starting Geth on BSC mainnet...")
 	}
 	// If we're a full node on mainnet without --cache specified, bump default cache allowance
 	if !ctx.IsSet(utils.CacheFlag.Name) && !ctx.IsSet(utils.NetworkIdFlag.Name) {
@ -371,8 +378,6 @@ func geth(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 // it unlocks any requested accounts, and starts the RPC/IPC interfaces and the
 // miner.
 func startNode(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, backend ethapi.Backend, isConsole bool) {
-	debug.Memsize.Add("node", stack)
-
 	// Start up the node itself
 	utils.StartNode(ctx, stack, isConsole)

@ -445,22 +450,23 @@ func startNode(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, backend ethapi.Backend, isCon
 	}

 	// Start auxiliary services if enabled
+	ethBackend, ok := backend.(*eth.EthAPIBackend)
+	gasCeil := ethBackend.Miner().GasCeil()
+	if gasCeil > params.SystemTxsGas {
+		ethBackend.TxPool().SetMaxGas(gasCeil - params.SystemTxsGas)
+	}
 	if ctx.Bool(utils.MiningEnabledFlag.Name) {
 		// Mining only makes sense if a full Ethereum node is running
 		if ctx.String(utils.SyncModeFlag.Name) == "light" {
 			utils.Fatalf("Light clients do not support mining")
 		}
-		ethBackend, ok := backend.(*eth.EthAPIBackend)
+
 		if !ok {
 			utils.Fatalf("Ethereum service not running")
 		}
 		// Set the gas price to the limits from the CLI and start mining
 		gasprice := flags.GlobalBig(ctx, utils.MinerGasPriceFlag.Name)
 		ethBackend.TxPool().SetGasTip(gasprice)
-		gasCeil := ethBackend.Miner().GasCeil()
-		if gasCeil > params.SystemTxsGas {
-			ethBackend.TxPool().SetMaxGas(gasCeil - params.SystemTxsGas)
-		}
 		if err := ethBackend.StartMining(); err != nil {
 			utils.Fatalf("Failed to start mining: %v", err)
 		}
--- a/cmd/geth/pruneblock_test.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/pruneblock_test.go
@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ func NewLevelDBDatabaseWithFreezer(file string, cache int, handles int, ancient
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	frdb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(kvdb, ancient, namespace, readonly, disableFreeze, isLastOffset, pruneAncientData)
+	frdb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(kvdb, ancient, namespace, readonly, disableFreeze, isLastOffset, pruneAncientData, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		kvdb.Close()
 		return nil, err
@ -155,6 +155,12 @@ func BlockchainCreator(t *testing.T, chaindbPath, AncientPath string, blockRemai
 	triedb := triedb.NewDatabase(db, nil)
 	defer triedb.Close()

+	if err = db.SetupFreezerEnv(&ethdb.FreezerEnv{
+		ChainCfg:         gspec.Config,
+		BlobExtraReserve: params.DefaultExtraReserveForBlobRequests,
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create chain: %v", err)
+	}
 	genesis := gspec.MustCommit(db, triedb)
 	// Initialize a fresh chain with only a genesis block
 	blockchain, err := core.NewBlockChain(db, config, gspec, nil, engine, vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
@ -178,11 +184,10 @@ func BlockchainCreator(t *testing.T, chaindbPath, AncientPath string, blockRemai

 	// Force run a freeze cycle
 	type freezer interface {
-		Freeze() error
+		Freeze(threshold uint64) error
 		Ancients() (uint64, error)
 	}
-	blockchain.SetFinalized(blocks[len(blocks)-1].Header())
-	db.(freezer).Freeze()
+	db.(freezer).Freeze(10)

 	frozen, err := db.Ancients()
 	//make sure there're frozen items
--- a/cmd/geth/snapshot.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/snapshot.go
@ -43,9 +43,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/metrics"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/node"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/triedb"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/triedb/pathdb"
 	cli "github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )

@ -245,7 +247,16 @@ func accessDb(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node) (ethdb.Database, error) {
 		NoBuild:    true,
 		AsyncBuild: false,
 	}
-	snaptree, err := snapshot.New(snapconfig, chaindb, triedb.NewDatabase(chaindb, nil), headBlock.Root(), TriesInMemory, false)
+	dbScheme := rawdb.ReadStateScheme(chaindb)
+	var config *triedb.Config
+	if dbScheme == rawdb.PathScheme {
+		config = &triedb.Config{
+			PathDB: utils.PathDBConfigAddJournalFilePath(stack, pathdb.ReadOnly),
+		}
+	} else if dbScheme == rawdb.HashScheme {
+		config = triedb.HashDefaults
+	}
+	snaptree, err := snapshot.New(snapconfig, chaindb, triedb.NewDatabase(chaindb, config), headBlock.Root(), TriesInMemory, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error("snaptree error", "err", err)
 		return nil, err // The relevant snapshot(s) might not exist
@ -333,6 +344,9 @@ func pruneBlock(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	stack, config = makeConfigNode(ctx)
 	defer stack.Close()
 	blockAmountReserved = ctx.Uint64(utils.BlockAmountReserved.Name)
+	if blockAmountReserved < params.FullImmutabilityThreshold {
+		return fmt.Errorf("block-amount-reserved must be greater than or equal to %d", params.FullImmutabilityThreshold)
+	}
 	chaindb, err = accessDb(ctx, stack)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
--- a/cmd/jsutils/README.md
+++ b/cmd/jsutils/README.md
@ -24,4 +24,24 @@ testnet validators version
 ### 2.Get Transaction Count
 ```bash
 node gettxcount.js --rpc ${url} --startNum ${start} --endNum ${end} --miner ${miner} (optional)
-```
+```
+
+### 3. Get Performance
+```bash
+node get_perf.js --rpc ${url} --startNum ${start} --endNum ${end}
+```
+output as following
+```bash
+Get the performance between [ 19470 , 19670 )
+txCountPerBlock = 3142.81 txCountTotal = 628562 BlockCount = 200 avgBlockTime = 3.005 inturnBlocksRatio = 0.975 justifiedBlocksRatio = 0.98
+txCountPerSecond = 1045.8602329450914 avgGasUsedPerBlock = 250.02062627 avgGasUsedPerSecond =  83.20153952412646
+```
+
+### 4. Get validators slash count
+```bash
+use the latest block 
+node getslashcount.js --Rpc ${ArchiveRpc} 
+use a block number
+node getslashcount.js --Rpc ${ArchiveRpc} --Num ${blockNum}
+```
+
--- a/cmd/jsutils/check_blobtx.js
+++ b/cmd/jsutils/check_blobtx.js
@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import { ethers } from "ethers";
+import program from "commander";
+
+// depends on ethjs v6.11.0+ for 4844, https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/releases/tag/v6.11.0
+// BSC testnet enabled 4844 on block: 39539137
+// Usage:
+//   nvm use 20
+//   node check_blobtx.js --rpc https://data-seed-prebsc-1-s1.binance.org:8545 --startNum 39539137
+//   node check_blobtx.js --rpc https://data-seed-prebsc-1-s1.binance.org:8545 --startNum 39539137 --endNum 40345994
+program.option("--rpc <Rpc>", "Rpc Server URL");
+program.option("--startNum <Num>", "start block", 0);
+program.option("--endNum <Num>", "end block", 0);
+program.parse(process.argv);
+
+const provider = new ethers.JsonRpcProvider(program.rpc);
+const main = async () => {
+    var startBlock = parseInt(program.startNum)
+    var endBlock = parseInt(program.endNum)
+    if (isNaN(endBlock) || isNaN(startBlock) || startBlock == 0) {
+        console.error("invalid input, --startNum", program.startNum, "--end", program.endNum)
+        return
+    }
+    // if --endNum is not specified, set it to the latest block number.
+    if (endBlock == 0) {
+        endBlock = await provider.getBlockNumber();
+    }
+    if (startBlock > endBlock) {
+        console.error("invalid input, startBlock:",startBlock, " endBlock:", endBlock);
+        return
+    }
+
+    for (let i = startBlock; i <= endBlock; i++) {
+        let blockData = await provider.getBlock(i);
+        console.log("startBlock:",startBlock, "endBlock:", endBlock, "curBlock", i, "blobGasUsed", blockData.blobGasUsed);
+        if (blockData.blobGasUsed == 0) {
+            continue
+        }
+        for  (let txIndex = 0; txIndex<= blockData.transactions.length - 1; txIndex++) {
+            let txHash = blockData.transactions[txIndex]
+            let txData =  await provider.getTransaction(txHash);
+            if (txData.type == 3) {
+                console.log("BlobTx in block:",i, " txIndex:", txIndex, " txHash:", txHash);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+};
+main().then(() => process.exit(0))
+    .catch((error) => {
+        console.error(error);
+        process.exit(1);
+    });
--- a/cmd/jsutils/faucet_request.js
+++ b/cmd/jsutils/faucet_request.js
@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import { ethers } from "ethers";
+import program from "commander";
+
+// Usage:
+//   node faucet_request.js --rpc localhost:8545 --startNum 39539137
+//   node faucet_request.js --rpc localhost:8545 --startNum 39539137 --endNum 40345994
+
+//   node faucet_request.js --rpc https://data-seed-prebsc-1-s1.bnbchain.org:8545 --startNum 39539137 --endNum 40345994
+program.option("--rpc <Rpc>", "Rpc Server URL");
+program.option("--startNum <Num>", "start block", 0);
+program.option("--endNum <Num>", "end block", 0);
+program.parse(process.argv);
+
+const provider = new ethers.JsonRpcProvider(program.rpc);
+const main = async () => {
+    var startBlock = parseInt(program.startNum)
+    var endBlock = parseInt(program.endNum)
+    if (isNaN(endBlock) || isNaN(startBlock) || startBlock == 0) {
+        console.error("invalid input, --startNum", program.startNum, "--end", program.endNum)
+        return
+    }
+    // if --endNum is not specified, set it to the latest block number.
+    if (endBlock == 0) {
+        endBlock = await provider.getBlockNumber();
+    }
+    if (startBlock > endBlock) {
+        console.error("invalid input, startBlock:",startBlock, " endBlock:", endBlock);
+        return
+    }
+
+    let startBalance = await provider.getBalance("0xaa25Aa7a19f9c426E07dee59b12f944f4d9f1DD3", startBlock)
+    let endBalance = await provider.getBalance("0xaa25Aa7a19f9c426E07dee59b12f944f4d9f1DD3", endBlock)
+    const faucetAmount = BigInt(0.3 * 10**18); // Convert 0.3 ether to wei as a BigInt
+    const numFaucetRequest = (startBalance - endBalance) / faucetAmount;
+
+    // Convert BigInt to ether
+    const startBalanceEth = Number(startBalance) / 10**18;
+    const endBalanceEth = Number(endBalance) / 10**18;
+
+    console.log(`Start Balance: ${startBalanceEth} ETH`);
+    console.log(`End Balance: ${endBalanceEth} ETH`);
+
+    console.log("successful faucet request: ",numFaucetRequest);
+};
+main().then(() => process.exit(0))
+    .catch((error) => {
+        console.error(error);
+        process.exit(1);
+    });
--- a/cmd/jsutils/get_perf.js
+++ b/cmd/jsutils/get_perf.js
@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+import { ethers } from "ethers";
+import program from "commander";
+
+program.option("--rpc <rpc>", "Rpc");
+program.option("--startNum <startNum>", "start num")
+program.option("--endNum <endNum>", "end num")
+program.parse(process.argv);
+
+const provider = new ethers.JsonRpcProvider(program.rpc)
+
+const main = async () => {
+    let txCountTotal = 0;
+    let gasUsedTotal = 0;
+    let inturnBlocks = 0;
+    let justifiedBlocks = 0;
+    let turnLength = await provider.send("parlia_getTurnLength", [
+        ethers.toQuantity(program.startNum)]);
+    for (let i = program.startNum; i < program.endNum; i++) {
+        let txCount = await provider.send("eth_getBlockTransactionCountByNumber", [
+            ethers.toQuantity(i)]);
+        txCountTotal += ethers.toNumber(txCount)
+
+        let header = await provider.send("eth_getHeaderByNumber", [
+            ethers.toQuantity(i)]);
+        let gasUsed = eval(eval(header.gasUsed).toString(10))
+        gasUsedTotal += gasUsed
+        let difficulty = eval(eval(header.difficulty).toString(10))
+        if (difficulty == 2) {
+            inturnBlocks += 1
+        }
+        let timestamp = eval(eval(header.timestamp).toString(10))
+
+        let justifiedNumber = await provider.send("parlia_getJustifiedNumber", [
+            ethers.toQuantity(i)]);
+        if (justifiedNumber + 1 == i) {
+            justifiedBlocks += 1
+        } else {
+            console.log("justified unexpected", "BlockNumber =", i,"justifiedNumber",justifiedNumber)    
+        }
+        console.log("BlockNumber =", i, "mod =", i%turnLength, "miner =", header.miner , "difficulty =", difficulty, "txCount =", ethers.toNumber(txCount), "gasUsed", gasUsed, "timestamp", timestamp)
+    }
+
+    let blockCount = program.endNum - program.startNum
+    let txCountPerBlock = txCountTotal/blockCount
+
+    let startHeader = await provider.send("eth_getHeaderByNumber", [
+        ethers.toQuantity(program.startNum)]);
+    let startTime = eval(eval(startHeader.timestamp).toString(10))
+    let endHeader = await provider.send("eth_getHeaderByNumber", [
+        ethers.toQuantity(program.endNum)]);
+    let endTime = eval(eval(endHeader.timestamp).toString(10))
+    let timeCost = endTime - startTime
+    let avgBlockTime = timeCost/blockCount
+    let inturnBlocksRatio = inturnBlocks/blockCount
+    let justifiedBlocksRatio = justifiedBlocks/blockCount
+    let tps = txCountTotal/timeCost
+    let M = 1000000
+    let avgGasUsedPerBlock = gasUsedTotal/blockCount/M
+    let avgGasUsedPerSecond = gasUsedTotal/timeCost/M
+
+    console.log("Get the performance between [", program.startNum, ",", program.endNum, ")");
+    console.log("txCountPerBlock =", txCountPerBlock, "txCountTotal =", txCountTotal, "BlockCount =", blockCount, "avgBlockTime =", avgBlockTime, "inturnBlocksRatio =", inturnBlocksRatio, "justifiedBlocksRatio =", justifiedBlocksRatio);
+    console.log("txCountPerSecond =", tps, "avgGasUsedPerBlock =", avgGasUsedPerBlock, "avgGasUsedPerSecond =", avgGasUsedPerSecond);
+};
+
+main().then(() => process.exit(0))
+    .catch((error) => {
+        console.error(error);
+        process.exit(1);
+    });
--- a/cmd/jsutils/getchainstatus.js
+++ b/cmd/jsutils/getchainstatus.js
@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+import { ethers } from "ethers";
+import program from "commander";
+
+// Global Options:
+program.option("--rpc <rpc>", "Rpc");
+// GetTxCount Options:
+program.option("--startNum <startNum>", "start num")
+program.option("--endNum <endNum>", "end num")
+program.option("--miner <miner>", "miner", "")
+// GetVersion Options:
+program.option("--num <Num>", "validator num", 21)
+// GetTopAddr Options:
+program.option("--topNum <Num>", "top num of address to be displayed", 20)
+
+program.parse(process.argv);
+
+const provider = new ethers.JsonRpcProvider(program.rpc)
+
+function printUsage() {
+    console.log("Usage:");
+    console.log("  node getchainstatus.js --help");
+    console.log("  node getchainstatus.js [subcommand] [options]");
+    console.log("\nSubcommands:");
+    console.log("  GetTxCount: find the block with max tx size of a range");
+    console.log("  GetVersion: dump validators' binary version, based on Header.Extra");
+    console.log("  GetTopAddr: get hottest $topNum target address within a block range");
+    console.log("\nOptions:");
+    console.log("  --rpc       specify the url of RPC endpoint");
+    console.log("  --startNum  the start block number, for command GetTxCount");
+    console.log("  --endNum    the end block number, for command GetTxCount");
+    console.log("  --miner     the miner address, for command GetTxCount");
+    console.log("  --num       the number of blocks to be checked, for command GetVersion");
+    console.log("  --topNum    the topNum of blocks to be checked, for command GetVersion");
+    console.log("\nExample:");
+    // mainnet https://bsc-mainnet.nodereal.io/v1/454e504917db4f82b756bd0cf6317dce
+    console.log("  node getchainstatus.js GetTxCount --rpc https://bsc-testnet-dataseed.bnbchain.org --startNum 40000001  --endNum 40000005")
+    console.log("  node getchainstatus.js GetVersion --rpc https://bsc-testnet-dataseed.bnbchain.org --num 21")
+    console.log("  node getchainstatus.js GetTopAddr --rpc https://bsc-testnet-dataseed.bnbchain.org --startNum 40000001  --endNum 40000010 --topNum 10")
+}
+
+// 1.cmd: "GetTxCount", usage:
+// node getchainstatus.js GetTxCount --rpc https://bsc-testnet-dataseed.bnbchain.org \
+//      --startNum 40000001  --endNum 40000005 \
+//      --miner(optional): specified: find the max txCounter from the specified validator,
+//                         not specified: find the max txCounter from all validators
+async function getTxCount()  {
+    let txCount = 0;
+    let num = 0;
+    console.log("Find the max txs count between", program.startNum, "and", program.endNum);
+    for (let i = program.startNum; i < program.endNum; i++) {
+        if (program.miner !== "") {
+            let blockData = await provider.getBlock(Number(i))
+            if (program.miner !== blockData.miner) {
+                continue
+            }
+        }
+        let x = await provider.send("eth_getBlockTransactionCountByNumber", [
+            ethers.toQuantity(i)]);
+        let a = ethers.toNumber(x)
+        if (a > txCount) {
+            num = i;
+            txCount = a;
+        }
+    }
+    console.log("BlockNum = ", num, "TxCount =", txCount);
+}
+
+// 2.cmd: "GetVersion", usage:
+// node getchainstatus.js GetVersion \
+//      --rpc https://bsc-testnet-dataseed.bnbchain.org \
+//       --num(optional): defualt 21, the number of blocks that will be checked
+async function getBinaryVersion()  {
+    const blockNum = await provider.getBlockNumber();
+    console.log(blockNum);
+    for (let i = 0; i < program.num; i++) {
+        let blockData = await provider.getBlock(blockNum - i);
+        // 1.get Geth client version
+        let major = ethers.toNumber(ethers.dataSlice(blockData.extraData, 2, 3))
+        let minor = ethers.toNumber(ethers.dataSlice(blockData.extraData, 3, 4))
+        let patch = ethers.toNumber(ethers.dataSlice(blockData.extraData, 4, 5))
+
+        // 2.get minimum txGasPrice based on the last non-zero-gasprice transaction
+        let lastGasPrice = 0
+        for  (let txIndex = blockData.transactions.length - 1; txIndex >= 0; txIndex--) {
+            let txHash = blockData.transactions[txIndex]
+            let txData =  await provider.getTransaction(txHash);
+            if (txData.gasPrice == 0) {
+                continue
+            }
+            lastGasPrice = txData.gasPrice
+            break
+        }
+        console.log(blockData.miner, "version =", major + "." + minor + "." + patch, " MinGasPrice = " + lastGasPrice)
+    }
+};
+
+// 3.cmd: "GetTopAddr", usage:
+// node getchainstatus.js GetTopAddr \
+//      --rpc https://bsc-testnet-dataseed.bnbchain.org \
+//      --startNum 40000001  --endNum 40000005 \
+//      --topNum(optional): the top num of address to be displayed, default 20
+function getTopKElements(map, k) {
+    let entries = Array.from(map.entries());
+    entries.sort((a, b) => b[1] - a[1]);
+    return entries.slice(0, k);
+}
+
+async function getTopAddr()  {
+    let countMap = new Map();
+    let totalTxs = 0
+    console.log("Find the top target address, between", program.startNum, "and", program.endNum);
+    for (let i = program.startNum; i <= program.endNum; i++) {
+        let blockData = await provider.getBlock(Number(i), true)
+        totalTxs += blockData.transactions.length
+        for  (let txIndex = blockData.transactions.length - 1; txIndex >= 0; txIndex--) {
+            let txData = await blockData.getTransaction(txIndex)
+            if (txData.to == null) {
+                console.log("Contract creation,txHash:", txData.hash)
+                continue
+            }
+            let toAddr = txData.to;
+            if (countMap.has(toAddr)) {
+                countMap.set(toAddr, countMap.get(toAddr) + 1);
+            } else {
+                countMap.set(toAddr, 1);
+            }
+        }
+        console.log("progress:", (program.endNum-i), "blocks left", "totalTxs", totalTxs)
+    }
+    let tops = getTopKElements(countMap, program.topNum)
+    tops.forEach((value, key) => {
+        // value: [ '0x40661F989826CC641Ce1601526Bb16a4221412c8', 71 ]
+        console.log(key+":", value[0], " ", value[1], " ", ((value[1]*100)/totalTxs).toFixed(2)+"%");
+      });
+};
+
+const main = async () => {
+    if (process.argv.length <= 2) {
+        console.error('invalid process.argv.length', process.argv.length);
+        printUsage()
+        return
+    }
+    const cmd =  process.argv[2]
+    if (cmd === "--help") {
+        printUsage()
+        return
+    }
+    if (cmd === "GetTxCount") {
+        await getTxCount()
+    } else if (cmd === "GetVersion") {
+        await getBinaryVersion()
+    } else if (cmd === "GetTopAddr") {
+        await getTopAddr()
+    } else {
+        console.log("unsupported cmd", cmd);
+        printUsage()
+    }
+}
+
+main().then(() => process.exit(0))
+    .catch((error) => {
+        console.error(error);
+        process.exit(1);
+    });
--- a/cmd/jsutils/getslashcount.js
+++ b/cmd/jsutils/getslashcount.js
@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+import { ethers } from "ethers";
+import program from "commander";
+
+program.option("--Rpc <Rpc>", "Rpc");
+program.option("--Num <Num>", "num", 0)
+program.parse(process.argv);
+
+const provider = new ethers.JsonRpcProvider(program.Rpc);
+
+const slashAbi = [
+    "function getSlashIndicator(address validatorAddr) external view returns (uint256, uint256)"
+]
+const validatorSetAbi = [
+    "function getLivingValidators() external view returns (address[], bytes[])"
+]
+const stakeHubAbi = [
+    "function getValidatorDescription(address validatorAddr) external view returns (tuple(string, string, string, string))",
+    "function consensusToOperator(address consensusAddr) public view returns (address)"
+]
+const addrValidatorSet = '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000001000';
+const validatorSet = new ethers.Contract(addrValidatorSet, validatorSetAbi, provider);
+
+const addrSlash = '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000001001';
+const slashIndicator = new ethers.Contract(addrSlash, slashAbi,  provider)
+
+const addrStakeHub = '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000002002';
+const stakeHub = new ethers.Contract(addrStakeHub, stakeHubAbi, provider)
+
+const validatorMap = new Map([
+    //BSC
+    ["0x37e9627A91DD13e453246856D58797Ad6583D762", "LegendII"],
+    ["0xB4647b856CB9C3856d559C885Bed8B43e0846a47", "CertiK"],
+    ["0x75B851a27D7101438F45fce31816501193239A83", "Figment"],
+    ["0x502aECFE253E6AA0e8D2A06E12438FFeD0Fe16a0", "BscScan"],
+    ["0xCa503a7eD99eca485da2E875aedf7758472c378C", "InfStones"],
+    ["0x5009317FD4F6F8FeEa9dAe41E5F0a4737BB7A7D5", "NodeReal"],
+    ["0x1cFDBd2dFf70C6e2e30df5012726F87731F38164", "Tranchess"],
+    ["0xF8de5e61322302b2c6e0a525cC842F10332811bf", "Namelix"],
+    ["0xCcB42A9b8d6C46468900527Bc741938E78AB4577", "Turing"],
+    ["0x9f1b7FAE54BE07F4FEE34Eb1aaCb39A1F7B6FC92", "TWStaking"],
+    ["0x7E1FdF03Eb3aC35BF0256694D7fBe6B6d7b3E0c8","LegendIII"],
+    ["0x7b501c7944185130DD4aD73293e8Aa84eFfDcee7","MathW"],
+    ["0x58567F7A51a58708C8B40ec592A38bA64C0697De","Legend"],
+    ["0x460A252B4fEEFA821d3351731220627D7B7d1F3d","Defibit"],
+    ["0x8A239732871AdC8829EA2f47e94087C5FBad47b6","The48Club"],
+    ["0xD3b0d838cCCEAe7ebF1781D11D1bB741DB7Fe1A7","BNBEve"],
+    ["0xF8B99643fAfC79d9404DE68E48C4D49a3936f787","Avengers"],
+    ["0x4e5acf9684652BEa56F2f01b7101a225Ee33d23f","HashKey"],
+    ["0x9bb56C2B4DBE5a06d79911C9899B6f817696ACFc","Feynman"],
+    ["0xbdcc079BBb23C1D9a6F36AA31309676C258aBAC7","Fuji"],
+    ["0x38944092685a336CB6B9ea58836436709a2adC89","Shannon"],
+    ["0xfC1004C0f296Ec3Df4F6762E9EabfcF20EB304a2","Aoraki"],
+    ["0xa0884bb00E5F23fE2427f0E5eC9E51F812848563","Coda"],
+    ["0xe7776De78740f28a96412eE5cbbB8f90896b11A5","Ankr"],
+    ["0xA2D969E82524001Cb6a2357dBF5922B04aD2FCD8","Pexmons"],
+    ["0x5cf810AB8C718ac065b45f892A5BAdAB2B2946B9","Zen"],
+    ["0x4d15D9BCd0c2f33E7510c0de8b42697CA558234a","LegendVII"],
+    ["0x1579ca96EBd49A0B173f86C372436ab1AD393380","LegendV"],
+    ["0xd1F72d433f362922f6565FC77c25e095B29141c8","LegendVI"],
+    ["0xf9814D93b4d904AaA855cBD4266D6Eb0Ec1Aa478","Legend8"],
+    ["0x025a4e09Ea947b8d695f53ddFDD48ddB8F9B06b7","Ciscox"],
+    ["0xE9436F6F30b4B01b57F2780B2898f3820EbD7B98","LegendIV"],
+    ["0xC2d534F079444E6E7Ff9DabB3FD8a26c607932c8","Axion"],
+    ["0x9F7110Ba7EdFda83Fc71BeA6BA3c0591117b440D","LegendIX"],
+    ["0xB997Bf1E3b96919fBA592c1F61CE507E165Ec030","Seoraksan"],
+    ["0x286C1b674d48cFF67b4096b6c1dc22e769581E91","Sigm8"],
+    ["0x73A26778ef9509a6E94b55310eE7233795a9EB25","Coinlix"],
+    ["0x18c44f4FBEde9826C7f257d500A65a3D5A8edebc","Nozti"],
+    ["0xA100FCd08cE722Dc68Ddc3b54237070Cb186f118","Tiollo"],
+    ["0x0F28847cfdbf7508B13Ebb9cEb94B2f1B32E9503","Raptas"],
+    ["0xfD85346c8C991baC16b9c9157e6bdfDACE1cD7d7","Glorin"],
+    ["0x978F05CED39A4EaFa6E8FD045Fe2dd6Da836c7DF","NovaX"],
+    ["0xd849d1dF66bFF1c2739B4399425755C2E0fAbbAb","Nexa"],
+    ["0xA015d9e9206859c13201BB3D6B324d6634276534","Star"],
+    ["0x5ADde0151BfAB27f329e5112c1AeDeed7f0D3692","Veri"],
+    //Chapel
+    ["0x08265dA01E1A65d62b903c7B34c08cB389bF3D99","Ararat"],
+    ["0x7f5f2cF1aec83bF0c74DF566a41aa7ed65EA84Ea","Kita"],
+    ["0x53387F3321FD69d1E030BB921230dFb188826AFF","Fuji"],
+    ["0x76D76ee8823dE52A1A431884c2ca930C5e72bff3","Seoraksan"],
+    ["0xd447b49CD040D20BC21e49ffEa6487F5638e4346","Everest"],
+    ["0x1a3d9D7A717D64e6088aC937d5aAcDD3E20ca963","Elbrus"],
+    ["0x40D3256EB0BaBE89f0ea54EDAa398513136612f5","Bloxroute"],
+    ["0xF9a1Db0d6f22Bd78ffAECCbc8F47c83Df9FBdbCf","Test"]
+]);
+
+
+const main = async () => {
+    let blockNum = ethers.getNumber(program.Num)
+    if (blockNum === 0) {
+       blockNum = await provider.getBlockNumber()
+    }
+    let block = await provider.getBlock(blockNum)
+    console.log("At block", blockNum, "time", block.date)
+    const data = await validatorSet.getLivingValidators({blockTag:blockNum})
+    let totalSlash = 0
+    for (let i = 0; i < data[0].length; i++) {
+        let addr = data[0][i];
+        var val
+        if (!validatorMap.has(addr)) {
+            let opAddr = await stakeHub.consensusToOperator(addr, {blockTag:blockNum})
+            let value = await stakeHub.getValidatorDescription(opAddr, {blockTag:blockNum})
+            val = value[0]
+            console.log(addr, val)
+        } else {
+            val = validatorMap.get(addr)
+        }
+        let info = await slashIndicator.getSlashIndicator(addr, {blockTag:blockNum})
+        let count = ethers.toNumber(info[1])
+        totalSlash += count
+        console.log("Slash:", count, addr, val)
+    }
+    console.log("Total slash count", totalSlash)
+};
+main().then(() => process.exit(0))
+    .catch((error) => {
+        console.error(error);
+        process.exit(1);
+    });
--- a/cmd/jsutils/gettxcount.js
+++ b/cmd/jsutils/gettxcount.js
@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-import { ethers } from "ethers";
-import program from "commander";
-
-program.option("--rpc <rpc>", "Rpc");
-program.option("--startNum <startNum>", "start num")
-program.option("--endNum <endNum>", "end num")
-// --miner:
-//   specified: find the max txCounter from the specified validator
-//   not specified: find the max txCounter from all validators
-program.option("--miner <miner>", "miner", "")
-program.parse(process.argv);
-
-const provider = new ethers.JsonRpcProvider(program.rpc)
-
-const main = async () => {
-    let txCount = 0;
-    let num = 0;
-    console.log("Find the max txs count between", program.startNum, "and", program.endNum);
-    for (let i = program.startNum; i < program.endNum; i++) {
-        if (program.miner !== "") {
-            let blockData = await provider.getBlock(Number(i))
-            if (program.miner !== blockData.miner) {
-                continue
-            }
-        }
-        let x = await provider.send("eth_getBlockTransactionCountByNumber", [
-            ethers.toQuantity(i)]);
-        let a = ethers.toNumber(x)
-        if (a > txCount) {
-            num = i;
-            txCount = a;
-        }
-    }
-    console.log("BlockNum = ", num, "TxCount =", txCount);
-};
-
-main().then(() => process.exit(0))
-    .catch((error) => {
-        console.error(error);
-        process.exit(1);
-    });
--- a/cmd/jsutils/getvalidatorversion.js
+++ b/cmd/jsutils/getvalidatorversion.js
@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-import { ethers } from "ethers";
-import program from "commander";
-
-program.option("--Rpc <Rpc>", "Rpc");
-program.option("--Num <Num>", "validator num", 21)
-program.parse(process.argv);
-
-const provider = new ethers.JsonRpcProvider(program.Rpc);
-
-const main = async () => {
-    const blockNum = await provider.getBlockNumber();
-    console.log(blockNum);
-    for (let i = 0; i < program.Num; i++) {
-        let blockData = await provider.getBlock(blockNum - i);
-        // 1.get Geth client version
-        let major = ethers.toNumber(ethers.dataSlice(blockData.extraData, 2, 3))
-        let minor = ethers.toNumber(ethers.dataSlice(blockData.extraData, 3, 4))
-        let patch = ethers.toNumber(ethers.dataSlice(blockData.extraData, 4, 5))
-
-        // 2.get minimum txGasPrice based on the last non-zero-gasprice transaction
-        let lastGasPrice = 0
-        for  (let txIndex = blockData.transactions.length - 1; txIndex >= 0; txIndex--) {
-            let txHash = blockData.transactions[txIndex]
-            let txData =  await provider.getTransaction(txHash);
-            if (txData.gasPrice == 0) {
-                continue
-            }
-            lastGasPrice = txData.gasPrice
-            break
-        }
-        console.log(blockData.miner, "version =", major + "." + minor + "." + patch, " MinGasPrice = " + lastGasPrice)
-    }
-};
-main().then(() => process.exit(0))
-    .catch((error) => {
-        console.error(error);
-        process.exit(1);
-    });
--- a/cmd/utils/flags.go
+++ b/cmd/utils/flags.go
@ -35,8 +35,11 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"

+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/version"
+
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/keystore"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/fakebeacon"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/fdlimit"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
@ -305,9 +308,14 @@ var (
 		Usage:    "Manually specify the Rialto Genesis Hash, to trigger builtin network logic",
 		Category: flags.EthCategory,
 	}
-	OverrideCancun = &cli.Uint64Flag{
-		Name:     "override.cancun",
-		Usage:    "Manually specify the Cancun fork timestamp, overriding the bundled setting",
+	OverridePassedForkTime = &cli.Uint64Flag{
+		Name:     "override.passedforktime",
+		Usage:    "Manually specify the hard fork timestamp except the last one, overriding the bundled setting",
+		Category: flags.EthCategory,
+	}
+	OverrideBohr = &cli.Uint64Flag{
+		Name:     "override.bohr",
+		Usage:    "Manually specify the Bohr fork timestamp, overriding the bundled setting",
 		Category: flags.EthCategory,
 	}
 	OverrideVerkle = &cli.Uint64Flag{
@ -339,6 +347,12 @@ var (
 		Value:    params.BreatheBlockInterval,
 		Category: flags.EthCategory,
 	}
+	OverrideFixedTurnLength = &cli.Uint64Flag{
+		Name:     "override.fixedturnlength",
+		Usage:    "It use fixed or random values for turn length instead of reading from the contract, only for testing purpose",
+		Value:    params.FixedTurnLength,
+		Category: flags.EthCategory,
+	}
 	SyncModeFlag = &flags.TextMarshalerFlag{
 		Name:     "syncmode",
 		Usage:    `Blockchain sync mode ("snap" or "full")`,
@ -1077,6 +1091,7 @@ Please note that --` + MetricsHTTPFlag.Name + ` must be set to start the server.
 		Name:     "block-amount-reserved",
 		Usage:    "Sets the expected remained amount of blocks for offline block prune",
 		Category: flags.BlockHistoryCategory,
+		Value:    params.FullImmutabilityThreshold,
 	}

 	CheckSnapshotWithMPT = &cli.BoolFlag{
@ -1134,6 +1149,25 @@ Please note that --` + MetricsHTTPFlag.Name + ` must be set to start the server.
 		Value:    params.DefaultExtraReserveForBlobRequests,
 		Category: flags.MiscCategory,
 	}
+
+	// Fake beacon
+	FakeBeaconEnabledFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+		Name:     "fake-beacon",
+		Usage:    "Enable the HTTP-RPC server of fake-beacon",
+		Category: flags.APICategory,
+	}
+	FakeBeaconAddrFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:     "fake-beacon.addr",
+		Usage:    "HTTP-RPC server listening addr of fake-beacon",
+		Value:    fakebeacon.DefaultAddr,
+		Category: flags.APICategory,
+	}
+	FakeBeaconPortFlag = &cli.IntFlag{
+		Name:     "fake-beacon.port",
+		Usage:    "HTTP-RPC server listening port of fake-beacon",
+		Value:    fakebeacon.DefaultPort,
+		Category: flags.APICategory,
+	}
 )

 var (
@ -1152,7 +1186,6 @@ var (
 		DBEngineFlag,
 		StateSchemeFlag,
 		HttpHeaderFlag,
-		MultiDataBaseFlag,
 	}
 )

@ -2072,7 +2105,7 @@ func SetEthConfig(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, cfg *ethconfig.Config) {
 		}
 		cfg.Genesis = core.DefaultBSCGenesisBlock()
 		SetDNSDiscoveryDefaults(cfg, params.BSCGenesisHash)
-	case ctx.Bool(ChapelFlag.Name):
+	case ctx.Bool(ChapelFlag.Name) || cfg.NetworkId == 97:
 		if !ctx.IsSet(NetworkIdFlag.Name) {
 			cfg.NetworkId = 97
 		}
@ -2286,6 +2319,67 @@ func EnableNodeInfo(poolConfig *legacypool.Config, nodeInfo *p2p.NodeInfo) Setup
 	}
 }

+func EnableNodeTrack(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *ethconfig.Config, stack *node.Node) SetupMetricsOption {
+	nodeInfo := stack.Server().NodeInfo()
+	return func() {
+		// register node info into metrics
+		metrics.NewRegisteredLabel("node-stats", nil).Mark(map[string]interface{}{
+			"NodeType":       parseNodeType(),
+			"ENR":            nodeInfo.ENR,
+			"Mining":         ctx.Bool(MiningEnabledFlag.Name),
+			"Etherbase":      parseEtherbase(cfg),
+			"MiningFeatures": parseMiningFeatures(ctx, cfg),
+			"DBFeatures":     parseDBFeatures(cfg, stack),
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func parseEtherbase(cfg *ethconfig.Config) string {
+	if cfg.Miner.Etherbase == (common.Address{}) {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return cfg.Miner.Etherbase.String()
+}
+
+func parseNodeType() string {
+	git, _ := version.VCS()
+	version := []string{params.VersionWithMeta}
+	if len(git.Commit) >= 7 {
+		version = append(version, git.Commit[:7])
+	}
+	if git.Date != "" {
+		version = append(version, git.Date)
+	}
+	arch := []string{runtime.GOOS, runtime.GOARCH}
+	infos := []string{"BSC", strings.Join(version, "-"), strings.Join(arch, "-"), runtime.Version()}
+	return strings.Join(infos, "/")
+}
+
+func parseDBFeatures(cfg *ethconfig.Config, stack *node.Node) string {
+	var features []string
+	if cfg.StateScheme == rawdb.PathScheme {
+		features = append(features, "PBSS")
+	}
+	if stack.CheckIfMultiDataBase() {
+		features = append(features, "MultiDB")
+	}
+	return strings.Join(features, "|")
+}
+
+func parseMiningFeatures(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *ethconfig.Config) string {
+	if !ctx.Bool(MiningEnabledFlag.Name) {
+		return ""
+	}
+	var features []string
+	if cfg.Miner.Mev.Enabled {
+		features = append(features, "MEV")
+	}
+	if cfg.Miner.VoteEnable {
+		features = append(features, "FFVoting")
+	}
+	return strings.Join(features, "|")
+}
+
 func SetupMetrics(ctx *cli.Context, options ...SetupMetricsOption) {
 	if metrics.Enabled {
 		log.Info("Enabling metrics collection")
--- a/cmd/utils/history_test.go
+++ b/cmd/utils/history_test.go
@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ func TestHistoryImportAndExport(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("unable to initialize chain: %v", err)
 	}
 	if _, err := chain.InsertChain(blocks); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("error insterting chain: %v", err)
+		t.Fatalf("error inserting chain: %v", err)
 	}

 	// Make temp directory for era files.
@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ func TestHistoryImportAndExport(t *testing.T) {

 	// Now import Era.
 	freezer := t.TempDir()
-	db2, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), freezer, "", false, false, false, false)
+	db2, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), freezer, "", false, false, false, false, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
--- a/consensus/consensus.go
+++ b/consensus/consensus.go
@ -59,6 +59,9 @@ type ChainHeaderReader interface {
 	// GetHighestVerifiedHeader retrieves the highest header verified.
 	GetHighestVerifiedHeader() *types.Header

+	// GetVerifiedBlockByHash retrieves the highest verified block.
+	GetVerifiedBlockByHash(hash common.Hash) *types.Header
+
 	// ChasingHead return the best chain head of peers.
 	ChasingHead() *types.Header
 }
--- a/consensus/parlia/abi.go
+++ b/consensus/parlia/abi.go
@ -2306,6 +2306,19 @@ const validatorSetABI = `
    ],
    "stateMutability": "view"
  },
+  {
+    "inputs": [],
+    "name": "getTurnLength",
+    "outputs": [
+      {
+        "internalType": "uint256",
+        "name": "",
+        "type": "uint256"
+      }
+    ],
+    "stateMutability": "view",
+    "type": "function"
+  },
  {
    "type": "function",
    "name": "getValidators",
--- a/consensus/parlia/api.go
+++ b/consensus/parlia/api.go
@ -31,13 +31,7 @@ type API struct {

 // GetSnapshot retrieves the state snapshot at a given block.
 func (api *API) GetSnapshot(number *rpc.BlockNumber) (*Snapshot, error) {
-	// Retrieve the requested block number (or current if none requested)
-	var header *types.Header
-	if number == nil || *number == rpc.LatestBlockNumber {
-		header = api.chain.CurrentHeader()
-	} else {
-		header = api.chain.GetHeaderByNumber(uint64(number.Int64()))
-	}
+	header := api.getHeader(number)
 	// Ensure we have an actually valid block and return its snapshot
 	if header == nil {
 		return nil, errUnknownBlock
@ -56,13 +50,7 @@ func (api *API) GetSnapshotAtHash(hash common.Hash) (*Snapshot, error) {

 // GetValidators retrieves the list of validators at the specified block.
 func (api *API) GetValidators(number *rpc.BlockNumber) ([]common.Address, error) {
-	// Retrieve the requested block number (or current if none requested)
-	var header *types.Header
-	if number == nil || *number == rpc.LatestBlockNumber {
-		header = api.chain.CurrentHeader()
-	} else {
-		header = api.chain.GetHeaderByNumber(uint64(number.Int64()))
-	}
+	header := api.getHeader(number)
 	// Ensure we have an actually valid block and return the validators from its snapshot
 	if header == nil {
 		return nil, errUnknownBlock
@ -86,3 +74,65 @@ func (api *API) GetValidatorsAtHash(hash common.Hash) ([]common.Address, error)
 	}
 	return snap.validators(), nil
 }
+
+func (api *API) GetJustifiedNumber(number *rpc.BlockNumber) (uint64, error) {
+	header := api.getHeader(number)
+	// Ensure we have an actually valid block and return the validators from its snapshot
+	if header == nil {
+		return 0, errUnknownBlock
+	}
+	snap, err := api.parlia.snapshot(api.chain, header.Number.Uint64(), header.Hash(), nil)
+	if err != nil || snap.Attestation == nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return snap.Attestation.TargetNumber, nil
+}
+
+func (api *API) GetTurnLength(number *rpc.BlockNumber) (uint8, error) {
+	header := api.getHeader(number)
+	// Ensure we have an actually valid block and return the validators from its snapshot
+	if header == nil {
+		return 0, errUnknownBlock
+	}
+	snap, err := api.parlia.snapshot(api.chain, header.Number.Uint64(), header.Hash(), nil)
+	if err != nil || snap.TurnLength == 0 {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return snap.TurnLength, nil
+}
+
+func (api *API) GetFinalizedNumber(number *rpc.BlockNumber) (uint64, error) {
+	header := api.getHeader(number)
+	// Ensure we have an actually valid block and return the validators from its snapshot
+	if header == nil {
+		return 0, errUnknownBlock
+	}
+	snap, err := api.parlia.snapshot(api.chain, header.Number.Uint64(), header.Hash(), nil)
+	if err != nil || snap.Attestation == nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return snap.Attestation.SourceNumber, nil
+}
+
+func (api *API) getHeader(number *rpc.BlockNumber) (header *types.Header) {
+	currentHeader := api.chain.CurrentHeader()
+
+	if number == nil || *number == rpc.LatestBlockNumber {
+		header = currentHeader // current if none requested
+	} else if *number == rpc.SafeBlockNumber {
+		justifiedNumber, _, err := api.parlia.GetJustifiedNumberAndHash(api.chain, []*types.Header{currentHeader})
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		header = api.chain.GetHeaderByNumber(justifiedNumber)
+	} else if *number == rpc.FinalizedBlockNumber {
+		header = api.parlia.GetFinalizedHeader(api.chain, currentHeader)
+	} else if *number == rpc.PendingBlockNumber {
+		return nil // no pending blocks on bsc
+	} else if *number == rpc.EarliestBlockNumber {
+		header = api.chain.GetHeaderByNumber(0)
+	} else {
+		header = api.chain.GetHeaderByNumber(uint64(number.Int64()))
+	}
+	return
+}
--- a/consensus/parlia/bohrFork.go
+++ b/consensus/parlia/bohrFork.go
@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+package parlia
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"math/big"
+	mrand "math/rand"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/systemcontracts"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/ethapi"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
+)
+
+func (p *Parlia) getTurnLength(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *types.Header) (*uint8, error) {
+	parent := chain.GetHeaderByHash(header.ParentHash)
+	if parent == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("parent not found")
+	}
+
+	var turnLength uint8
+	if p.chainConfig.IsBohr(parent.Number, parent.Time) {
+		turnLengthFromContract, err := p.getTurnLengthFromContract(parent)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if turnLengthFromContract == nil {
+			return nil, errors.New("unexpected error when getTurnLengthFromContract")
+		}
+		turnLength = uint8(turnLengthFromContract.Int64())
+	} else {
+		turnLength = defaultTurnLength
+	}
+	log.Debug("getTurnLength", "turnLength", turnLength)
+
+	return &turnLength, nil
+}
+
+func (p *Parlia) getTurnLengthFromContract(header *types.Header) (turnLength *big.Int, err error) {
+	// mock to get turnLength from the contract
+	if params.FixedTurnLength >= 1 && params.FixedTurnLength <= 9 {
+		if params.FixedTurnLength == 2 {
+			return p.getRandTurnLength(header)
+		}
+		return big.NewInt(int64(params.FixedTurnLength)), nil
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	method := "getTurnLength"
+	toAddress := common.HexToAddress(systemcontracts.ValidatorContract)
+	gas := (hexutil.Uint64)(uint64(math.MaxUint64 / 2))
+
+	data, err := p.validatorSetABI.Pack(method)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("Unable to pack tx for getTurnLength", "error", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	msgData := (hexutil.Bytes)(data)
+
+	blockNr := rpc.BlockNumberOrHashWithHash(header.Hash(), false)
+	result, err := p.ethAPI.Call(ctx, ethapi.TransactionArgs{
+		Gas:  &gas,
+		To:   &toAddress,
+		Data: &msgData,
+	}, &blockNr, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if err := p.validatorSetABI.UnpackIntoInterface(&turnLength, method, result); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return turnLength, nil
+}
+
+// getRandTurnLength returns a random valid value, used to test switching turn length
+func (p *Parlia) getRandTurnLength(header *types.Header) (turnLength *big.Int, err error) {
+	turnLengths := [8]uint8{1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
+	r := mrand.New(mrand.NewSource(int64(header.Time)))
+	lengthIndex := int(r.Int31n(int32(len(turnLengths))))
+	return big.NewInt(int64(turnLengths[lengthIndex])), nil
+}
--- a/consensus/parlia/parlia.go
+++ b/consensus/parlia/parlia.go
@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"math"
 	"math/big"
 	"math/rand"
@ -53,11 +54,13 @@ const (
 	inMemoryHeaders    = 86400 // Number of recent headers to keep in memory for double sign detection,

 	checkpointInterval = 1024        // Number of blocks after which to save the snapshot to the database
-	defaultEpochLength = uint64(100) // Default number of blocks of checkpoint to update validatorSet from contract
+	defaultEpochLength = uint64(200) // Default number of blocks of checkpoint to update validatorSet from contract
+	defaultTurnLength  = uint8(1)    // Default consecutive number of blocks a validator receives priority for block production

 	extraVanity      = 32 // Fixed number of extra-data prefix bytes reserved for signer vanity
 	extraSeal        = 65 // Fixed number of extra-data suffix bytes reserved for signer seal
 	nextForkHashSize = 4  // Fixed number of extra-data suffix bytes reserved for nextForkHash.
+	turnLengthSize   = 1  // Fixed number of extra-data suffix bytes reserved for turnLength

 	validatorBytesLengthBeforeLuban = common.AddressLength
 	validatorBytesLength            = common.AddressLength + types.BLSPublicKeyLength
@ -65,7 +68,6 @@ const (

 	wiggleTime         = uint64(1) // second, Random delay (per signer) to allow concurrent signers
 	initialBackOffTime = uint64(1) // second
-	processBackOffTime = uint64(1) // second

 	systemRewardPercent = 4 // it means 1/2^4 = 1/16 percentage of gas fee incoming will be distributed to system

@ -126,6 +128,10 @@ var (
 	// invalid list of validators (i.e. non divisible by 20 bytes).
 	errInvalidSpanValidators = errors.New("invalid validator list on sprint end block")

+	// errInvalidTurnLength is returned if a block contains an
+	// invalid length of turn (i.e. no data left after parsing validators).
+	errInvalidTurnLength = errors.New("invalid turnLength")
+
 	// errInvalidMixDigest is returned if a block's mix digest is non-zero.
 	errInvalidMixDigest = errors.New("non-zero mix digest")

@ -136,6 +142,10 @@ var (
 	// list of validators different than the one the local node calculated.
 	errMismatchingEpochValidators = errors.New("mismatching validator list on epoch block")

+	// errMismatchingEpochTurnLength is returned if a sprint block contains a
+	// turn length different than the one the local node calculated.
+	errMismatchingEpochTurnLength = errors.New("mismatching turn length on epoch block")
+
 	// errInvalidDifficulty is returned if the difficulty of a block is missing.
 	errInvalidDifficulty = errors.New("invalid difficulty")

@ -307,6 +317,10 @@ func New(
 	return c
 }

+func (p *Parlia) Period() uint64 {
+	return p.config.Period
+}
+
 func (p *Parlia) IsSystemTransaction(tx *types.Transaction, header *types.Header) (bool, error) {
 	// deploy a contract
 	if tx.To() == nil {
@ -365,6 +379,7 @@ func (p *Parlia) VerifyHeaders(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, headers []*typ
 // On luban fork, we introduce vote attestation into the header's extra field, so extra format is different from before.
 // Before luban fork: |---Extra Vanity---|---Validators Bytes (or Empty)---|---Extra Seal---|
 // After luban fork:  |---Extra Vanity---|---Validators Number and Validators Bytes (or Empty)---|---Vote Attestation (or Empty)---|---Extra Seal---|
+// After bohr fork:   |---Extra Vanity---|---Validators Number and Validators Bytes (or Empty)---|---Turn Length (or Empty)---|---Vote Attestation (or Empty)---|---Extra Seal---|
 func getValidatorBytesFromHeader(header *types.Header, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig, parliaConfig *params.ParliaConfig) []byte {
 	if len(header.Extra) <= extraVanity+extraSeal {
 		return nil
@ -381,11 +396,15 @@ func getValidatorBytesFromHeader(header *types.Header, chainConfig *params.Chain
 		return nil
 	}
 	num := int(header.Extra[extraVanity])
-	if num == 0 || len(header.Extra) <= extraVanity+extraSeal+num*validatorBytesLength {
-		return nil
-	}
 	start := extraVanity + validatorNumberSize
 	end := start + num*validatorBytesLength
+	extraMinLen := end + extraSeal
+	if chainConfig.IsBohr(header.Number, header.Time) {
+		extraMinLen += turnLengthSize
+	}
+	if num == 0 || len(header.Extra) < extraMinLen {
+		return nil
+	}
 	return header.Extra[start:end]
 }

@ -404,11 +423,14 @@ func getVoteAttestationFromHeader(header *types.Header, chainConfig *params.Chai
 		attestationBytes = header.Extra[extraVanity : len(header.Extra)-extraSeal]
 	} else {
 		num := int(header.Extra[extraVanity])
-		if len(header.Extra) <= extraVanity+extraSeal+validatorNumberSize+num*validatorBytesLength {
+		start := extraVanity + validatorNumberSize + num*validatorBytesLength
+		if chainConfig.IsBohr(header.Number, header.Time) {
+			start += turnLengthSize
+		}
+		end := len(header.Extra) - extraSeal
+		if end <= start {
 			return nil, nil
 		}
-		start := extraVanity + validatorNumberSize + num*validatorBytesLength
-		end := len(header.Extra) - extraSeal
 		attestationBytes = header.Extra[start:end]
 	}

@ -600,15 +622,11 @@ func (p *Parlia) verifyHeader(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *types.H
 			return fmt.Errorf("invalid excessBlobGas: have %d, expected nil", header.ExcessBlobGas)
 		case header.BlobGasUsed != nil:
 			return fmt.Errorf("invalid blobGasUsed: have %d, expected nil", header.BlobGasUsed)
-		case header.ParentBeaconRoot != nil:
-			return fmt.Errorf("invalid parentBeaconRoot, have %#x, expected nil", header.ParentBeaconRoot)
 		case header.WithdrawalsHash != nil:
 			return fmt.Errorf("invalid WithdrawalsHash, have %#x, expected nil", header.WithdrawalsHash)
 		}
 	} else {
 		switch {
-		case header.ParentBeaconRoot != nil:
-			return fmt.Errorf("invalid parentBeaconRoot, have %#x, expected nil", header.ParentBeaconRoot)
 		case !header.EmptyWithdrawalsHash():
 			return errors.New("header has wrong WithdrawalsHash")
 		}
@ -617,6 +635,17 @@ func (p *Parlia) verifyHeader(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *types.H
 		}
 	}

+	bohr := chain.Config().IsBohr(header.Number, header.Time)
+	if !bohr {
+		if header.ParentBeaconRoot != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid parentBeaconRoot, have %#x, expected nil", header.ParentBeaconRoot)
+		}
+	} else {
+		if header.ParentBeaconRoot == nil || *header.ParentBeaconRoot != (common.Hash{}) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid parentBeaconRoot, have %#x, expected zero hash", header.ParentBeaconRoot)
+		}
+	}
+
 	// All basic checks passed, verify cascading fields
 	return p.verifyCascadingFields(chain, header, parents)
 }
@ -709,13 +738,28 @@ func (p *Parlia) snapshot(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, number uint64, hash
 			}
 		}

-		// If we're at the genesis, snapshot the initial state.
-		if number == 0 {
-			checkpoint := chain.GetHeaderByNumber(number)
-			if checkpoint != nil {
-				// get checkpoint data
-				hash := checkpoint.Hash()
-
+		// If we're at the genesis, snapshot the initial state. Alternatively if we have
+		// piled up more headers than allowed to be reorged (chain reinit from a freezer),
+		// consider the checkpoint trusted and snapshot it.
+		// An offset `p.config.Epoch - 1` can ensure getting the right validators.
+		if number == 0 || ((number+1)%p.config.Epoch == 0 && (len(headers) > int(params.FullImmutabilityThreshold))) {
+			var (
+				checkpoint *types.Header
+				blockHash  common.Hash
+			)
+			if number == 0 {
+				checkpoint = chain.GetHeaderByNumber(0)
+				if checkpoint != nil {
+					blockHash = checkpoint.Hash()
+				}
+			} else {
+				checkpoint = chain.GetHeaderByNumber(number + 1 - p.config.Epoch)
+				blockHeader := chain.GetHeaderByNumber(number)
+				if blockHeader != nil {
+					blockHash = blockHeader.Hash()
+				}
+			}
+			if checkpoint != nil && blockHash != (common.Hash{}) {
 				// get validators from headers
 				validators, voteAddrs, err := parseValidators(checkpoint, p.chainConfig, p.config)
 				if err != nil {
@ -723,11 +767,27 @@ func (p *Parlia) snapshot(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, number uint64, hash
 				}

 				// new snapshot
-				snap = newSnapshot(p.config, p.signatures, number, hash, validators, voteAddrs, p.ethAPI)
+				snap = newSnapshot(p.config, p.signatures, number, blockHash, validators, voteAddrs, p.ethAPI)
+
+				// get turnLength from headers and use that for new turnLength
+				turnLength, err := parseTurnLength(checkpoint, p.chainConfig, p.config)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				if turnLength != nil {
+					snap.TurnLength = *turnLength
+				}
+
+				// snap.Recents is currently empty, which affects the following:
+				// a. The function SignRecently - This is acceptable since an empty snap.Recents results in a more lenient check.
+				// b. The function blockTimeVerifyForRamanujanFork - This is also acceptable as it won't be invoked during `snap.apply`.
+				// c. This may cause a mismatch in the slash systemtx, but the transaction list is not verified during `snap.apply`.
+
+				// snap.Attestation is nil, but Snapshot.updateAttestation will handle it correctly.
 				if err := snap.store(p.db); err != nil {
 					return nil, err
 				}
-				log.Info("Stored checkpoint snapshot to disk", "number", number, "hash", hash)
+				log.Info("Stored checkpoint snapshot to disk", "number", number, "hash", blockHash)
 				break
 			}
 		}
@ -884,6 +944,24 @@ func (p *Parlia) prepareValidators(header *types.Header) error {
 	return nil
 }

+func (p *Parlia) prepareTurnLength(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *types.Header) error {
+	if header.Number.Uint64()%p.config.Epoch != 0 ||
+		!p.chainConfig.IsBohr(header.Number, header.Time) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	turnLength, err := p.getTurnLength(chain, header)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if turnLength != nil {
+		header.Extra = append(header.Extra, *turnLength)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (p *Parlia) assembleVoteAttestation(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *types.Header) error {
 	if !p.chainConfig.IsLuban(header.Number) || header.Number.Uint64() < 2 {
 		return nil
@ -1015,6 +1093,9 @@ func (p *Parlia) Prepare(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *types.Header
 		return err
 	}

+	if err := p.prepareTurnLength(chain, header); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	// add extra seal space
 	header.Extra = append(header.Extra, make([]byte, extraSeal)...)

@ -1065,6 +1146,30 @@ func (p *Parlia) verifyValidators(header *types.Header) error {
 	return nil
 }

+func (p *Parlia) verifyTurnLength(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *types.Header) error {
+	if header.Number.Uint64()%p.config.Epoch != 0 ||
+		!p.chainConfig.IsBohr(header.Number, header.Time) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	turnLengthFromHeader, err := parseTurnLength(header, p.chainConfig, p.config)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if turnLengthFromHeader != nil {
+		turnLength, err := p.getTurnLength(chain, header)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if turnLength != nil && *turnLength == *turnLengthFromHeader {
+			log.Debug("verifyTurnLength", "turnLength", *turnLength)
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	return errMismatchingEpochTurnLength
+}
+
 func (p *Parlia) distributeFinalityReward(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, state *state.StateDB, header *types.Header,
 	cx core.ChainContext, txs *[]*types.Transaction, receipts *[]*types.Receipt, systemTxs *[]*types.Transaction,
 	usedGas *uint64, mining bool) error {
@ -1159,6 +1264,10 @@ func (p *Parlia) Finalize(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *types.Heade
 		return err
 	}

+	if err := p.verifyTurnLength(chain, header); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	cx := chainContext{Chain: chain, parlia: p}

 	parent := chain.GetHeaderByHash(header.ParentHash)
@ -1185,7 +1294,7 @@ func (p *Parlia) Finalize(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *types.Heade
 		}
 	}
 	if header.Difficulty.Cmp(diffInTurn) != 0 {
-		spoiledVal := snap.supposeValidator()
+		spoiledVal := snap.inturnValidator()
 		signedRecently := false
 		if p.chainConfig.IsPlato(header.Number) {
 			signedRecently = snap.SignRecently(spoiledVal)
@ -1276,7 +1385,7 @@ func (p *Parlia) FinalizeAndAssemble(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, nil, err
 		}
-		spoiledVal := snap.supposeValidator()
+		spoiledVal := snap.inturnValidator()
 		signedRecently := false
 		if p.chainConfig.IsPlato(header.Number) {
 			signedRecently = snap.SignRecently(spoiledVal)
@ -1358,7 +1467,7 @@ func (p *Parlia) IsActiveValidatorAt(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *
 func (p *Parlia) VerifyVote(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, vote *types.VoteEnvelope) error {
 	targetNumber := vote.Data.TargetNumber
 	targetHash := vote.Data.TargetHash
-	header := chain.GetHeaderByHash(targetHash)
+	header := chain.GetVerifiedBlockByHash(targetHash)
 	if header == nil {
 		log.Warn("BlockHeader at current voteBlockNumber is nil", "targetNumber", targetNumber, "targetHash", targetHash)
 		return errors.New("BlockHeader at current voteBlockNumber is nil")
@ -1429,10 +1538,13 @@ func (p *Parlia) Delay(chain consensus.ChainReader, header *types.Header, leftOv
 		delay = delay - *leftOver
 	}

-	// The blocking time should be no more than half of period
-	half := time.Duration(p.config.Period) * time.Second / 2
-	if delay > half {
-		delay = half
+	// The blocking time should be no more than half of period when snap.TurnLength == 1
+	timeForMining := time.Duration(p.config.Period) * time.Second / 2
+	if !snap.lastBlockInOneTurn(header.Number.Uint64()) {
+		timeForMining = time.Duration(p.config.Period) * time.Second * 2 / 3
+	}
+	if delay > timeForMining {
+		delay = timeForMining
 	}
 	return &delay
 }
@ -1503,12 +1615,15 @@ func (p *Parlia) Seal(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, block *types.Block, res
 		copy(header.Extra[len(header.Extra)-extraSeal:], sig)

 		if p.shouldWaitForCurrentBlockProcess(chain, header, snap) {
-			log.Info("Waiting for received in turn block to process")
+			highestVerifiedHeader := chain.GetHighestVerifiedHeader()
+			// including time for writing and committing blocks
+			waitProcessEstimate := math.Ceil(float64(highestVerifiedHeader.GasUsed) / float64(100_000_000))
+			log.Info("Waiting for received in turn block to process", "waitProcessEstimate(Seconds)", waitProcessEstimate)
 			select {
 			case <-stop:
 				log.Info("Received block process finished, abort block seal")
 				return
-			case <-time.After(time.Duration(processBackOffTime) * time.Second):
+			case <-time.After(time.Duration(waitProcessEstimate) * time.Second):
 				if chain.CurrentHeader().Number.Uint64() >= header.Number.Uint64() {
 					log.Info("Process backoff time exhausted, and current header has updated to abort this seal")
 					return
@ -1590,11 +1705,35 @@ func CalcDifficulty(snap *Snapshot, signer common.Address) *big.Int {
 	return new(big.Int).Set(diffNoTurn)
 }

+func encodeSigHeaderWithoutVoteAttestation(w io.Writer, header *types.Header, chainId *big.Int) {
+	err := rlp.Encode(w, []interface{}{
+		chainId,
+		header.ParentHash,
+		header.UncleHash,
+		header.Coinbase,
+		header.Root,
+		header.TxHash,
+		header.ReceiptHash,
+		header.Bloom,
+		header.Difficulty,
+		header.Number,
+		header.GasLimit,
+		header.GasUsed,
+		header.Time,
+		header.Extra[:extraVanity], // this will panic if extra is too short, should check before calling encodeSigHeaderWithoutVoteAttestation
+		header.MixDigest,
+		header.Nonce,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		panic("can't encode: " + err.Error())
+	}
+}
+
 // SealHash returns the hash of a block without vote attestation prior to it being sealed.
 // So it's not the real hash of a block, just used as unique id to distinguish task
 func (p *Parlia) SealHash(header *types.Header) (hash common.Hash) {
 	hasher := sha3.NewLegacyKeccak256()
-	types.EncodeSigHeaderWithoutVoteAttestation(hasher, header, p.chainConfig.ChainID)
+	encodeSigHeaderWithoutVoteAttestation(hasher, header, p.chainConfig.ChainID)
 	hasher.Sum(hash[:0])
 	return hash
 }
@ -1900,42 +2039,40 @@ func (p *Parlia) GetFinalizedHeader(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *t
 // ===========================     utility function        ==========================
 func (p *Parlia) backOffTime(snap *Snapshot, header *types.Header, val common.Address) uint64 {
 	if snap.inturn(val) {
+		log.Debug("backOffTime", "blockNumber", header.Number, "in turn validator", val)
 		return 0
 	} else {
 		delay := initialBackOffTime
 		validators := snap.validators()
 		if p.chainConfig.IsPlanck(header.Number) {
-			// reverse the key/value of snap.Recents to get recentsMap
-			recentsMap := make(map[common.Address]uint64, len(snap.Recents))
-			bound := uint64(0)
-			if n, limit := header.Number.Uint64(), uint64(len(validators)/2+1); n > limit {
-				bound = n - limit
-			}
-			for seen, recent := range snap.Recents {
-				if seen <= bound {
-					continue
-				}
-				recentsMap[recent] = seen
+			counts := snap.countRecents()
+			for addr, seenTimes := range counts {
+				log.Debug("backOffTime", "blockNumber", header.Number, "validator", addr, "seenTimes", seenTimes)
 			}

 			// The backOffTime does not matter when a validator has signed recently.
-			if _, ok := recentsMap[val]; ok {
+			if snap.signRecentlyByCounts(val, counts) {
 				return 0
 			}

-			inTurnAddr := validators[(snap.Number+1)%uint64(len(validators))]
-			if _, ok := recentsMap[inTurnAddr]; ok {
+			inTurnAddr := snap.inturnValidator()
+			if snap.signRecentlyByCounts(inTurnAddr, counts) {
 				log.Debug("in turn validator has recently signed, skip initialBackOffTime",
 					"inTurnAddr", inTurnAddr)
 				delay = 0
 			}

-			// Exclude the recently signed validators
+			// Exclude the recently signed validators and the in turn validator
 			temp := make([]common.Address, 0, len(validators))
 			for _, addr := range validators {
-				if _, ok := recentsMap[addr]; ok {
+				if snap.signRecentlyByCounts(addr, counts) {
 					continue
 				}
+				if p.chainConfig.IsBohr(header.Number, header.Time) {
+					if addr == inTurnAddr {
+						continue
+					}
+				}
 				temp = append(temp, addr)
 			}
 			validators = temp
@ -1953,7 +2090,11 @@ func (p *Parlia) backOffTime(snap *Snapshot, header *types.Header, val common.Ad
 			return 0
 		}

-		s := rand.NewSource(int64(snap.Number))
+		randSeed := snap.Number
+		if p.chainConfig.IsBohr(header.Number, header.Time) {
+			randSeed = header.Number.Uint64() / uint64(snap.TurnLength)
+		}
+		s := rand.NewSource(int64(randSeed))
 		r := rand.New(s)
 		n := len(validators)
 		backOffSteps := make([]uint64, 0, n)
--- a/consensus/parlia/parlia_test.go
+++ b/consensus/parlia/parlia_test.go
@ -22,22 +22,44 @@ func TestImpactOfValidatorOutOfService(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := []struct {
 		totalValidators int
 		downValidators  int
+		turnLength      int
 	}{
-		{3, 1},
-		{5, 2},
-		{10, 1},
-		{10, 4},
-		{21, 1},
-		{21, 3},
-		{21, 5},
-		{21, 10},
+		{3, 1, 1},
+		{5, 2, 1},
+		{10, 1, 2},
+		{10, 4, 2},
+		{21, 1, 3},
+		{21, 3, 3},
+		{21, 5, 4},
+		{21, 10, 5},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		simulateValidatorOutOfService(tc.totalValidators, tc.downValidators)
+		simulateValidatorOutOfService(tc.totalValidators, tc.downValidators, tc.turnLength)
 	}
 }

-func simulateValidatorOutOfService(totalValidators int, downValidators int) {
+// refer Snapshot.SignRecently
+func signRecently(idx int, recents map[uint64]int, turnLength int) bool {
+	recentSignTimes := 0
+	for _, signIdx := range recents {
+		if signIdx == idx {
+			recentSignTimes += 1
+		}
+	}
+	return recentSignTimes >= turnLength
+}
+
+// refer Snapshot.minerHistoryCheckLen
+func minerHistoryCheckLen(totalValidators int, turnLength int) uint64 {
+	return uint64(totalValidators/2+1)*uint64(turnLength) - 1
+}
+
+// refer Snapshot.inturnValidator
+func inturnValidator(totalValidators int, turnLength int, height int) int {
+	return height / turnLength % totalValidators
+}
+
+func simulateValidatorOutOfService(totalValidators int, downValidators int, turnLength int) {
 	downBlocks := 10000
 	recoverBlocks := 10000
 	recents := make(map[uint64]int)
@ -55,12 +77,7 @@ func simulateValidatorOutOfService(totalValidators int, downValidators int) {
 		delete(validators, down[i])
 	}
 	isRecentSign := func(idx int) bool {
-		for _, signIdx := range recents {
-			if signIdx == idx {
-				return true
-			}
-		}
-		return false
+		return signRecently(idx, recents, turnLength)
 	}
 	isInService := func(idx int) bool {
 		return validators[idx]
@ -68,10 +85,10 @@ func simulateValidatorOutOfService(totalValidators int, downValidators int) {

 	downDelay := uint64(0)
 	for h := 1; h <= downBlocks; h++ {
-		if limit := uint64(totalValidators/2 + 1); uint64(h) >= limit {
+		if limit := minerHistoryCheckLen(totalValidators, turnLength) + 1; uint64(h) >= limit {
 			delete(recents, uint64(h)-limit)
 		}
-		proposer := h % totalValidators
+		proposer := inturnValidator(totalValidators, turnLength, h)
 		if !isInService(proposer) || isRecentSign(proposer) {
 			candidates := make(map[int]bool, totalValidators/2)
 			for v := range validators {
@ -99,10 +116,10 @@ func simulateValidatorOutOfService(totalValidators int, downValidators int) {
 	recoverDelay := uint64(0)
 	lastseen := downBlocks
 	for h := downBlocks + 1; h <= downBlocks+recoverBlocks; h++ {
-		if limit := uint64(totalValidators/2 + 1); uint64(h) >= limit {
+		if limit := minerHistoryCheckLen(totalValidators, turnLength) + 1; uint64(h) >= limit {
 			delete(recents, uint64(h)-limit)
 		}
-		proposer := h % totalValidators
+		proposer := inturnValidator(totalValidators, turnLength, h)
 		if !isInService(proposer) || isRecentSign(proposer) {
 			lastseen = h
 			candidates := make(map[int]bool, totalValidators/2)
--- a/consensus/parlia/snapshot.go
+++ b/consensus/parlia/snapshot.go
@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"math"
 	"sort"

 	lru "github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru"
@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ type Snapshot struct {

 	Number           uint64                            `json:"number"`                // Block number where the snapshot was created
 	Hash             common.Hash                       `json:"hash"`                  // Block hash where the snapshot was created
+	TurnLength       uint8                             `json:"turn_length"`           // Length of `turn`, meaning the consecutive number of blocks a validator receives priority for block production
 	Validators       map[common.Address]*ValidatorInfo `json:"validators"`            // Set of authorized validators at this moment
 	Recents          map[uint64]common.Address         `json:"recents"`               // Set of recent validators for spam protections
 	RecentForkHashes map[uint64]string                 `json:"recent_fork_hashes"`    // Set of recent forkHash
@ -72,6 +74,7 @@ func newSnapshot(
 		sigCache:         sigCache,
 		Number:           number,
 		Hash:             hash,
+		TurnLength:       defaultTurnLength,
 		Recents:          make(map[uint64]common.Address),
 		RecentForkHashes: make(map[uint64]string),
 		Validators:       make(map[common.Address]*ValidatorInfo),
@ -114,6 +117,10 @@ func loadSnapshot(config *params.ParliaConfig, sigCache *lru.ARCCache, db ethdb.
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(blob, snap); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	if snap.TurnLength == 0 { // no TurnLength field in old snapshots
+		snap.TurnLength = defaultTurnLength
+	}
+
 	snap.config = config
 	snap.sigCache = sigCache
 	snap.ethAPI = ethAPI
@ -138,6 +145,7 @@ func (s *Snapshot) copy() *Snapshot {
 		sigCache:         s.sigCache,
 		Number:           s.Number,
 		Hash:             s.Hash,
+		TurnLength:       s.TurnLength,
 		Validators:       make(map[common.Address]*ValidatorInfo),
 		Recents:          make(map[uint64]common.Address),
 		RecentForkHashes: make(map[uint64]string),
@ -210,17 +218,45 @@ func (s *Snapshot) updateAttestation(header *types.Header, chainConfig *params.C
 	}
 }

-func (s *Snapshot) SignRecently(validator common.Address) bool {
-	for seen, recent := range s.Recents {
-		if recent == validator {
-			if limit := uint64(len(s.Validators)/2 + 1); s.Number+1 < limit || seen > s.Number+1-limit {
-				return true
-			}
-		}
+func (s *Snapshot) versionHistoryCheckLen() uint64 {
+	return uint64(len(s.Validators)) * uint64(s.TurnLength)
+}
+
+func (s *Snapshot) minerHistoryCheckLen() uint64 {
+	return (uint64(len(s.Validators))/2+1)*uint64(s.TurnLength) - 1
+}
+
+func (s *Snapshot) countRecents() map[common.Address]uint8 {
+	leftHistoryBound := uint64(0) // the bound is excluded
+	checkHistoryLength := s.minerHistoryCheckLen()
+	if s.Number > checkHistoryLength {
+		leftHistoryBound = s.Number - checkHistoryLength
 	}
+	counts := make(map[common.Address]uint8, len(s.Validators))
+	for seen, recent := range s.Recents {
+		if seen <= leftHistoryBound || recent == (common.Address{}) /*when seen == `epochKey`*/ {
+			continue
+		}
+		counts[recent] += 1
+	}
+	return counts
+}
+
+func (s *Snapshot) signRecentlyByCounts(validator common.Address, counts map[common.Address]uint8) bool {
+	if seenTimes, ok := counts[validator]; ok && seenTimes >= s.TurnLength {
+		if seenTimes > s.TurnLength {
+			log.Warn("produce more blocks than expected!", "validator", validator, "seenTimes", seenTimes)
+		}
+		return true
+	}
+
 	return false
 }

+func (s *Snapshot) SignRecently(validator common.Address) bool {
+	return s.signRecentlyByCounts(validator, s.countRecents())
+}
+
 func (s *Snapshot) apply(headers []*types.Header, chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, parents []*types.Header, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig) (*Snapshot, error) {
 	// Allow passing in no headers for cleaner code
 	if len(headers) == 0 {
@ -247,10 +283,10 @@ func (s *Snapshot) apply(headers []*types.Header, chain consensus.ChainHeaderRea
 	for _, header := range headers {
 		number := header.Number.Uint64()
 		// Delete the oldest validator from the recent list to allow it signing again
-		if limit := uint64(len(snap.Validators)/2 + 1); number >= limit {
+		if limit := snap.minerHistoryCheckLen() + 1; number >= limit {
 			delete(snap.Recents, number-limit)
 		}
-		if limit := uint64(len(snap.Validators)); number >= limit {
+		if limit := snap.versionHistoryCheckLen(); number >= limit {
 			delete(snap.RecentForkHashes, number-limit)
 		}
 		// Resolve the authorization key and check against signers
@ -261,19 +297,47 @@ func (s *Snapshot) apply(headers []*types.Header, chain consensus.ChainHeaderRea
 		if _, ok := snap.Validators[validator]; !ok {
 			return nil, errUnauthorizedValidator(validator.String())
 		}
-		for _, recent := range snap.Recents {
-			if recent == validator {
+		if chainConfig.IsBohr(header.Number, header.Time) {
+			if snap.SignRecently(validator) {
 				return nil, errRecentlySigned
 			}
+		} else {
+			for _, recent := range snap.Recents {
+				if recent == validator {
+					return nil, errRecentlySigned
+				}
+			}
 		}
 		snap.Recents[number] = validator
+		snap.RecentForkHashes[number] = hex.EncodeToString(header.Extra[extraVanity-nextForkHashSize : extraVanity])
+		snap.updateAttestation(header, chainConfig, s.config)
 		// change validator set
-		if number > 0 && number%s.config.Epoch == uint64(len(snap.Validators)/2) {
-			checkpointHeader := FindAncientHeader(header, uint64(len(snap.Validators)/2), chain, parents)
+		if number > 0 && number%s.config.Epoch == snap.minerHistoryCheckLen() {
+			epochKey := math.MaxUint64 - header.Number.Uint64()/s.config.Epoch // impossible used as a block number
+			if chainConfig.IsBohr(header.Number, header.Time) {
+				// after switching the validator set, snap.Validators may become larger,
+				// then the unexpected second switch will happen, just skip it.
+				if _, ok := snap.Recents[epochKey]; ok {
+					continue
+				}
+			}
+
+			checkpointHeader := FindAncientHeader(header, snap.minerHistoryCheckLen(), chain, parents)
 			if checkpointHeader == nil {
 				return nil, consensus.ErrUnknownAncestor
 			}

+			oldVersionsLen := snap.versionHistoryCheckLen()
+			// get turnLength from headers and use that for new turnLength
+			turnLength, err := parseTurnLength(checkpointHeader, chainConfig, s.config)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			if turnLength != nil {
+				snap.TurnLength = *turnLength
+				log.Debug("validator set switch", "turnLength", *turnLength)
+			}
+
 			// get validators from headers and use that for new validator set
 			newValArr, voteAddrs, err := parseValidators(checkpointHeader, chainConfig, s.config)
 			if err != nil {
@ -289,18 +353,18 @@ func (s *Snapshot) apply(headers []*types.Header, chain consensus.ChainHeaderRea
 					}
 				}
 			}
-			oldLimit := len(snap.Validators)/2 + 1
-			newLimit := len(newVals)/2 + 1
-			if newLimit < oldLimit {
-				for i := 0; i < oldLimit-newLimit; i++ {
-					delete(snap.Recents, number-uint64(newLimit)-uint64(i))
-				}
-			}
-			oldLimit = len(snap.Validators)
-			newLimit = len(newVals)
-			if newLimit < oldLimit {
-				for i := 0; i < oldLimit-newLimit; i++ {
-					delete(snap.RecentForkHashes, number-uint64(newLimit)-uint64(i))
+			if chainConfig.IsBohr(header.Number, header.Time) {
+				// BEP-404: Clear Miner History when Switching Validators Set
+				snap.Recents = make(map[uint64]common.Address)
+				snap.Recents[epochKey] = common.Address{}
+				log.Debug("Recents are cleared up", "blockNumber", number)
+			} else {
+				oldLimit := len(snap.Validators)/2 + 1
+				newLimit := len(newVals)/2 + 1
+				if newLimit < oldLimit {
+					for i := 0; i < oldLimit-newLimit; i++ {
+						delete(snap.Recents, number-uint64(newLimit)-uint64(i))
+					}
 				}
 			}
 			snap.Validators = newVals
@ -310,11 +374,10 @@ func (s *Snapshot) apply(headers []*types.Header, chain consensus.ChainHeaderRea
 					snap.Validators[val].Index = idx + 1 // offset by 1
 				}
 			}
+			for i := snap.versionHistoryCheckLen(); i < oldVersionsLen; i++ {
+				delete(snap.RecentForkHashes, number-i)
+			}
 		}
-
-		snap.updateAttestation(header, chainConfig, s.config)
-
-		snap.RecentForkHashes[number] = hex.EncodeToString(header.Extra[extraVanity-nextForkHashSize : extraVanity])
 	}
 	snap.Number += uint64(len(headers))
 	snap.Hash = headers[len(headers)-1].Hash()
@ -331,17 +394,20 @@ func (s *Snapshot) validators() []common.Address {
 	return validators
 }

-// inturn returns if a validator at a given block height is in-turn or not.
-func (s *Snapshot) inturn(validator common.Address) bool {
-	validators := s.validators()
-	offset := (s.Number + 1) % uint64(len(validators))
-	return validators[offset] == validator
+// lastBlockInOneTurn returns if the block at height `blockNumber` is the last block in current turn.
+func (s *Snapshot) lastBlockInOneTurn(blockNumber uint64) bool {
+	return (blockNumber+1)%uint64(s.TurnLength) == 0
 }

-// inturnValidator returns the validator at a given block height.
+// inturn returns if a validator at a given block height is in-turn or not.
+func (s *Snapshot) inturn(validator common.Address) bool {
+	return s.inturnValidator() == validator
+}
+
+// inturnValidator returns the validator for the following block height.
 func (s *Snapshot) inturnValidator() common.Address {
 	validators := s.validators()
-	offset := (s.Number + 1) % uint64(len(validators))
+	offset := (s.Number + 1) / uint64(s.TurnLength) % uint64(len(validators))
 	return validators[offset]
 }

@ -379,12 +445,6 @@ func (s *Snapshot) indexOfVal(validator common.Address) int {
 	return -1
 }

-func (s *Snapshot) supposeValidator() common.Address {
-	validators := s.validators()
-	index := (s.Number + 1) % uint64(len(validators))
-	return validators[index]
-}
-
 func parseValidators(header *types.Header, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig, parliaConfig *params.ParliaConfig) ([]common.Address, []types.BLSPublicKey, error) {
 	validatorsBytes := getValidatorBytesFromHeader(header, chainConfig, parliaConfig)
 	if len(validatorsBytes) == 0 {
@ -410,6 +470,24 @@ func parseValidators(header *types.Header, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig, parl
 	return cnsAddrs, voteAddrs, nil
 }

+func parseTurnLength(header *types.Header, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig, parliaConfig *params.ParliaConfig) (*uint8, error) {
+	if header.Number.Uint64()%parliaConfig.Epoch != 0 ||
+		!chainConfig.IsBohr(header.Number, header.Time) {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	if len(header.Extra) <= extraVanity+extraSeal {
+		return nil, errInvalidSpanValidators
+	}
+	num := int(header.Extra[extraVanity])
+	pos := extraVanity + validatorNumberSize + num*validatorBytesLength
+	if len(header.Extra) <= pos {
+		return nil, errInvalidTurnLength
+	}
+	turnLength := header.Extra[pos]
+	return &turnLength, nil
+}
+
 func FindAncientHeader(header *types.Header, ite uint64, chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, candidateParents []*types.Header) *types.Header {
 	ancient := header
 	for i := uint64(1); i <= ite; i++ {
--- a/core/blockchain.go
+++ b/core/blockchain.go
@ -100,6 +100,8 @@ var (
 	blockReorgAddMeter  = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("chain/reorg/add", nil)
 	blockReorgDropMeter = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("chain/reorg/drop", nil)

+	blockRecvTimeDiffGauge = metrics.NewRegisteredGauge("chain/block/recvtimediff", nil)
+
 	errStateRootVerificationFailed = errors.New("state root verification failed")
 	errInsertionInterrupted        = errors.New("insertion is interrupted")
 	errChainStopped                = errors.New("blockchain is stopped")
@ -259,23 +261,25 @@ type BlockChain struct {
 	triesInMemory uint64
 	txIndexer     *txIndexer // Transaction indexer, might be nil if not enabled

-	hc                  *HeaderChain
-	rmLogsFeed          event.Feed
-	chainFeed           event.Feed
-	chainSideFeed       event.Feed
-	chainHeadFeed       event.Feed
-	chainBlockFeed      event.Feed
-	logsFeed            event.Feed
-	blockProcFeed       event.Feed
-	finalizedHeaderFeed event.Feed
-	scope               event.SubscriptionScope
-	genesisBlock        *types.Block
+	hc                       *HeaderChain
+	rmLogsFeed               event.Feed
+	chainFeed                event.Feed
+	chainSideFeed            event.Feed
+	chainHeadFeed            event.Feed
+	chainBlockFeed           event.Feed
+	logsFeed                 event.Feed
+	blockProcFeed            event.Feed
+	finalizedHeaderFeed      event.Feed
+	highestVerifiedBlockFeed event.Feed
+	scope                    event.SubscriptionScope
+	genesisBlock             *types.Block

 	// This mutex synchronizes chain write operations.
 	// Readers don't need to take it, they can just read the database.
 	chainmu *syncx.ClosableMutex

 	highestVerifiedHeader atomic.Pointer[types.Header]
+	highestVerifiedBlock  atomic.Pointer[types.Header]
 	currentBlock          atomic.Pointer[types.Header] // Current head of the chain
 	currentSnapBlock      atomic.Pointer[types.Header] // Current head of snap-sync
 	currentFinalBlock     atomic.Pointer[types.Header] // Latest (consensus) finalized block
@ -301,6 +305,7 @@ type BlockChain struct {
 	diffLayerFreezerBlockLimit uint64

 	wg            sync.WaitGroup
+	dbWg          sync.WaitGroup
 	quit          chan struct{} // shutdown signal, closed in Stop.
 	stopping      atomic.Bool   // false if chain is running, true when stopped
 	procInterrupt atomic.Bool   // interrupt signaler for block processing
@ -399,6 +404,7 @@ func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, genesis *Genesis
 	}

 	bc.highestVerifiedHeader.Store(nil)
+	bc.highestVerifiedBlock.Store(nil)
 	bc.currentBlock.Store(nil)
 	bc.currentSnapBlock.Store(nil)
 	bc.chasingHead.Store(nil)
@ -441,7 +447,6 @@ func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, genesis *Genesis
 					diskRoot = bc.triedb.Head()
 				}
 			}
-			diskRoot = common.HexToHash("0x59d2a69ad465dbadf78f99635af9ed8125636cbdedc50bda9668ab2ac677b17a")
 			if diskRoot != (common.Hash{}) {
 				log.Warn("Head state missing, repairing", "number", head.Number, "hash", head.Hash(), "diskRoot", diskRoot)

@ -462,8 +467,8 @@ func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, genesis *Genesis
 		}
 	}
 	// Ensure that a previous crash in SetHead doesn't leave extra ancients
-	if frozen, err := bc.db.ItemAmountInAncient(); err == nil && frozen > 0 {
-		frozen, err = bc.db.Ancients()
+	if frozen, err := bc.db.BlockStore().ItemAmountInAncient(); err == nil && frozen > 0 {
+		frozen, err = bc.db.BlockStore().Ancients()
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@ -577,7 +582,7 @@ func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, genesis *Genesis
 	}
 	// Start tx indexer if it's enabled.
 	if txLookupLimit != nil {
-		// bc.txIndexer = newTxIndexer(*txLookupLimit, bc)
+		bc.txIndexer = newTxIndexer(*txLookupLimit, bc)
 	}
 	return bc, nil
 }
@ -657,20 +662,13 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) cacheDiffLayer(diffLayer *types.DiffLayer, diffLayerCh cha
 	}
 }

-func (bc *BlockChain) cacheBlock(hash common.Hash, block *types.Block) {
-	bc.blockCache.Add(hash, block)
-	if bc.chainConfig.IsCancun(block.Number(), block.Time()) {
-		bc.sidecarsCache.Add(hash, block.Sidecars())
-	}
-}
-
 // empty returns an indicator whether the blockchain is empty.
 // Note, it's a special case that we connect a non-empty ancient
 // database with an empty node, so that we can plugin the ancient
 // into node seamlessly.
 func (bc *BlockChain) empty() bool {
 	genesis := bc.genesisBlock.Hash()
-	for _, hash := range []common.Hash{rawdb.ReadHeadBlockHash(bc.db.BlockStore()), rawdb.ReadHeadHeaderHash(bc.db.BlockStore()), rawdb.ReadHeadFastBlockHash(bc.db)} {
+	for _, hash := range []common.Hash{rawdb.ReadHeadBlockHash(bc.db), rawdb.ReadHeadHeaderHash(bc.db), rawdb.ReadHeadFastBlockHash(bc.db)} {
 		if hash != genesis {
 			return false
 		}
@ -706,7 +704,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) getFinalizedNumber(header *types.Header) uint64 {
 // assumes that the chain manager mutex is held.
 func (bc *BlockChain) loadLastState() error {
 	// Restore the last known head block
-	head := rawdb.ReadHeadBlockHash(bc.db.BlockStore())
+	head := rawdb.ReadHeadBlockHash(bc.db)
 	if head == (common.Hash{}) {
 		// Corrupt or empty database, init from scratch
 		log.Warn("Empty database, resetting chain")
@ -728,7 +726,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) loadLastState() error {

 	// Restore the last known head header
 	headHeader := headBlock.Header()
-	if head := rawdb.ReadHeadHeaderHash(bc.db.BlockStore()); head != (common.Hash{}) {
+	if head := rawdb.ReadHeadHeaderHash(bc.db); head != (common.Hash{}) {
 		if header := bc.GetHeaderByHash(head); header != nil {
 			headHeader = header
 		}
@ -1107,7 +1105,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) setHeadBeyondRoot(head uint64, time uint64, root common.Ha
 		// intent afterwards is full block importing, delete the chain segment
 		// between the stateful-block and the sethead target.
 		var wipe bool
-		frozen, _ := bc.db.Ancients()
+		frozen, _ := bc.db.BlockStore().Ancients()
 		if headNumber+1 < frozen {
 			wipe = pivot == nil || headNumber >= *pivot
 		}
@ -1116,11 +1114,11 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) setHeadBeyondRoot(head uint64, time uint64, root common.Ha
 	// Rewind the header chain, deleting all block bodies until then
 	delFn := func(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, hash common.Hash, num uint64) {
 		// Ignore the error here since light client won't hit this path
-		frozen, _ := bc.db.Ancients()
+		frozen, _ := bc.db.BlockStore().Ancients()
 		if num+1 <= frozen {
 			// Truncate all relative data(header, total difficulty, body, receipt
 			// and canonical hash) from ancient store.
-			if _, err := bc.db.TruncateHead(num); err != nil {
+			if _, err := bc.db.BlockStore().TruncateHead(num); err != nil {
 				log.Crit("Failed to truncate ancient data", "number", num, "err", err)
 			}
 			// Remove the hash <-> number mapping from the active store.
@ -1138,7 +1136,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) setHeadBeyondRoot(head uint64, time uint64, root common.Ha
 	// If SetHead was only called as a chain reparation method, try to skip
 	// touching the header chain altogether, unless the freezer is broken
 	if repair {
-		if target, force := updateFn(bc.db, bc.CurrentBlock()); force {
+		if target, force := updateFn(bc.db.BlockStore(), bc.CurrentBlock()); force {
 			bc.hc.SetHead(target.Number.Uint64(), updateFn, delFn)
 		}
 	} else {
@ -1299,19 +1297,33 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) ExportN(w io.Writer, first uint64, last uint64) error {
 //
 // Note, this function assumes that the `mu` mutex is held!
 func (bc *BlockChain) writeHeadBlock(block *types.Block) {
-	// Add the block to the canonical chain number scheme and mark as the head
-	rawdb.WriteCanonicalHash(bc.db.BlockStore(), block.Hash(), block.NumberU64())
-	rawdb.WriteHeadHeaderHash(bc.db.BlockStore(), block.Hash())
-	rawdb.WriteHeadBlockHash(bc.db.BlockStore(), block.Hash())
+	bc.dbWg.Add(2)
+	defer bc.dbWg.Wait()
+	go func() {
+		defer bc.dbWg.Done()
+		// Add the block to the canonical chain number scheme and mark as the head
+		blockBatch := bc.db.BlockStore().NewBatch()
+		rawdb.WriteCanonicalHash(blockBatch, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64())
+		rawdb.WriteHeadHeaderHash(blockBatch, block.Hash())
+		rawdb.WriteHeadBlockHash(blockBatch, block.Hash())
+		rawdb.WriteHeadFastBlockHash(blockBatch, block.Hash())
+		// Flush the whole batch into the disk, exit the node if failed
+		if err := blockBatch.Write(); err != nil {
+			log.Crit("Failed to update chain indexes and markers in block db", "err", err)
+		}
+	}()
+	go func() {
+		defer bc.dbWg.Done()

-	batch := bc.db.NewBatch()
-	rawdb.WriteHeadFastBlockHash(batch, block.Hash())
-	rawdb.WriteTxLookupEntriesByBlock(batch, block)
+		batch := bc.db.NewBatch()
+		rawdb.WriteTxLookupEntriesByBlock(batch, block)
+
+		// Flush the whole batch into the disk, exit the node if failed
+		if err := batch.Write(); err != nil {
+			log.Crit("Failed to update chain indexes in chain db", "err", err)
+		}
+	}()

-	// Flush the whole batch into the disk, exit the node if failed
-	if err := batch.Write(); err != nil {
-		log.Crit("Failed to update chain indexes and markers", "err", err)
-	}
 	// Update all in-memory chain markers in the last step
 	bc.hc.SetCurrentHeader(block.Header())

@ -1383,7 +1395,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) Stop() {
 		if !bc.cacheConfig.TrieDirtyDisabled {
 			triedb := bc.triedb
 			var once sync.Once
-			for _, offset := range []uint64{0, 1, TriesInMemory - 1} {
+			for _, offset := range []uint64{0, 1, bc.TriesInMemory() - 1} {
 				if number := bc.CurrentBlock().Number.Uint64(); number > offset {
 					recent := bc.GetBlockByNumber(number - offset)
 					log.Info("Writing cached state to disk", "block", recent.Number(), "hash", recent.Hash(), "root", recent.Root())
@ -1532,7 +1544,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) InsertReceiptChain(blockChain types.Blocks, receiptChain [
 			} else if !reorg {
 				return false
 			}
-			rawdb.WriteHeadFastBlockHash(bc.db, head.Hash())
+			rawdb.WriteHeadFastBlockHash(bc.db.BlockStore(), head.Hash())
 			bc.currentSnapBlock.Store(head.Header())
 			headFastBlockGauge.Update(int64(head.NumberU64()))
 			return true
@ -1549,9 +1561,9 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) InsertReceiptChain(blockChain types.Blocks, receiptChain [

 		// Ensure genesis is in ancients.
 		if first.NumberU64() == 1 {
-			if frozen, _ := bc.db.Ancients(); frozen == 0 {
+			if frozen, _ := bc.db.BlockStore().Ancients(); frozen == 0 {
 				td := bc.genesisBlock.Difficulty()
-				writeSize, err := rawdb.WriteAncientBlocks(bc.db, []*types.Block{bc.genesisBlock}, []types.Receipts{nil}, td)
+				writeSize, err := rawdb.WriteAncientBlocks(bc.db.BlockStore(), []*types.Block{bc.genesisBlock}, []types.Receipts{nil}, td)
 				if err != nil {
 					log.Error("Error writing genesis to ancients", "err", err)
 					return 0, err
@ -1569,7 +1581,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) InsertReceiptChain(blockChain types.Blocks, receiptChain [

 		// Write all chain data to ancients.
 		td := bc.GetTd(first.Hash(), first.NumberU64())
-		writeSize, err := rawdb.WriteAncientBlocksWithBlobs(bc.db, blockChain, receiptChain, td)
+		writeSize, err := rawdb.WriteAncientBlocksWithBlobs(bc.db.BlockStore(), blockChain, receiptChain, td)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error("Error importing chain data to ancients", "err", err)
 			return 0, err
@ -1577,7 +1589,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) InsertReceiptChain(blockChain types.Blocks, receiptChain [
 		size += writeSize

 		// Sync the ancient store explicitly to ensure all data has been flushed to disk.
-		if err := bc.db.Sync(); err != nil {
+		if err := bc.db.BlockStore().Sync(); err != nil {
 			return 0, err
 		}
 		// Update the current snap block because all block data is now present in DB.
@ -1585,7 +1597,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) InsertReceiptChain(blockChain types.Blocks, receiptChain [
 		if !updateHead(blockChain[len(blockChain)-1]) {
 			// We end up here if the header chain has reorg'ed, and the blocks/receipts
 			// don't match the canonical chain.
-			if _, err := bc.db.TruncateHead(previousSnapBlock + 1); err != nil {
+			if _, err := bc.db.BlockStore().TruncateHead(previousSnapBlock + 1); err != nil {
 				log.Error("Can't truncate ancient store after failed insert", "err", err)
 			}
 			return 0, errSideChainReceipts
@ -1605,7 +1617,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) InsertReceiptChain(blockChain types.Blocks, receiptChain [
 			rawdb.DeleteBlockWithoutNumber(blockBatch, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64())
 		}
 		// Delete side chain hash-to-number mappings.
-		for _, nh := range rawdb.ReadAllHashesInRange(bc.db, first.NumberU64(), last.NumberU64()) {
+		for _, nh := range rawdb.ReadAllHashesInRange(bc.db.BlockStore(), first.NumberU64(), last.NumberU64()) {
 			if _, canon := canonHashes[nh.Hash]; !canon {
 				rawdb.DeleteHeader(blockBatch, nh.Hash, nh.Number)
 			}
@ -1775,7 +1787,6 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) writeBlockWithState(block *types.Block, receipts []*types.
 	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
 	wg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
-		rawdb.WritePreimages(bc.db, state.Preimages())
 		blockBatch := bc.db.BlockStore().NewBatch()
 		rawdb.WriteTd(blockBatch, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), externTd)
 		rawdb.WriteBlock(blockBatch, block)
@ -1784,10 +1795,20 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) writeBlockWithState(block *types.Block, receipts []*types.
 		if bc.chainConfig.IsCancun(block.Number(), block.Time()) {
 			rawdb.WriteBlobSidecars(blockBatch, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), block.Sidecars())
 		}
-		rawdb.WritePreimages(blockBatch, state.Preimages())
+		if bc.db.StateStore() != nil {
+			rawdb.WritePreimages(bc.db.StateStore(), state.Preimages())
+		} else {
+			rawdb.WritePreimages(blockBatch, state.Preimages())
+		}
 		if err := blockBatch.Write(); err != nil {
 			log.Crit("Failed to write block into disk", "err", err)
 		}
+		bc.hc.tdCache.Add(block.Hash(), externTd)
+		bc.blockCache.Add(block.Hash(), block)
+		bc.cacheReceipts(block.Hash(), receipts, block)
+		if bc.chainConfig.IsCancun(block.Number(), block.Time()) {
+			bc.sidecarsCache.Add(block.Hash(), block.Sidecars())
+		}
 		wg.Done()
 	}()

@ -1812,7 +1833,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) writeBlockWithState(block *types.Block, receipts []*types.

 		// Flush limits are not considered for the first TriesInMemory blocks.
 		current := block.NumberU64()
-		if current <= TriesInMemory {
+		if current <= bc.TriesInMemory() {
 			return nil
 		}
 		// If we exceeded our memory allowance, flush matured singleton nodes to disk
@ -1910,14 +1931,19 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) WriteBlockAndSetHead(block *types.Block, receipts []*types
 // writeBlockAndSetHead is the internal implementation of WriteBlockAndSetHead.
 // This function expects the chain mutex to be held.
 func (bc *BlockChain) writeBlockAndSetHead(block *types.Block, receipts []*types.Receipt, logs []*types.Log, state *state.StateDB, emitHeadEvent bool) (status WriteStatus, err error) {
-	if err := bc.writeBlockWithState(block, receipts, state); err != nil {
-		return NonStatTy, err
-	}
 	currentBlock := bc.CurrentBlock()
 	reorg, err := bc.forker.ReorgNeededWithFastFinality(currentBlock, block.Header())
 	if err != nil {
 		return NonStatTy, err
 	}
+	if reorg {
+		bc.highestVerifiedBlock.Store(types.CopyHeader(block.Header()))
+		bc.highestVerifiedBlockFeed.Send(HighestVerifiedBlockEvent{Header: block.Header()})
+	}
+
+	if err := bc.writeBlockWithState(block, receipts, state); err != nil {
+		return NonStatTy, err
+	}
 	if reorg {
 		// Reorganise the chain if the parent is not the head block
 		if block.ParentHash() != currentBlock.Hash() {
@ -2031,6 +2057,9 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool) (int, error)
 		return 0, nil
 	}

+	if len(chain) > 0 {
+		blockRecvTimeDiffGauge.Update(time.Now().Unix() - int64(chain[0].Time()))
+	}
 	// Start a parallel signature recovery (signer will fluke on fork transition, minimal perf loss)
 	signer := types.MakeSigner(bc.chainConfig, chain[0].Number(), chain[0].Time())
 	go SenderCacher.RecoverFromBlocks(signer, chain)
@ -2265,19 +2294,21 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool) (int, error)
 		vtime := time.Since(vstart)
 		proctime := time.Since(start) // processing + validation

-		bc.cacheBlock(block.Hash(), block)
-
 		// Update the metrics touched during block processing and validation
-		accountReadTimer.Update(statedb.AccountReads)                 // Account reads are complete(in processing)
-		storageReadTimer.Update(statedb.StorageReads)                 // Storage reads are complete(in processing)
-		snapshotAccountReadTimer.Update(statedb.SnapshotAccountReads) // Account reads are complete(in processing)
-		snapshotStorageReadTimer.Update(statedb.SnapshotStorageReads) // Storage reads are complete(in processing)
-		accountUpdateTimer.Update(statedb.AccountUpdates)             // Account updates are complete(in validation)
-		storageUpdateTimer.Update(statedb.StorageUpdates)             // Storage updates are complete(in validation)
-		accountHashTimer.Update(statedb.AccountHashes)                // Account hashes are complete(in validation)
-		storageHashTimer.Update(statedb.StorageHashes)                // Storage hashes are complete(in validation)
-		blockExecutionTimer.Update(ptime)                             // The time spent on EVM processing
-		blockValidationTimer.Update(vtime)                            // The time spent on block validation
+		accountReadTimer.Update(statedb.AccountReads)                   // Account reads are complete(in processing)
+		storageReadTimer.Update(statedb.StorageReads)                   // Storage reads are complete(in processing)
+		snapshotAccountReadTimer.Update(statedb.SnapshotAccountReads)   // Account reads are complete(in processing)
+		snapshotStorageReadTimer.Update(statedb.SnapshotStorageReads)   // Storage reads are complete(in processing)
+		accountUpdateTimer.Update(statedb.AccountUpdates)               // Account updates are complete(in validation)
+		storageUpdateTimer.Update(statedb.StorageUpdates)               // Storage updates are complete(in validation)
+		accountHashTimer.Update(statedb.AccountHashes)                  // Account hashes are complete(in validation)
+		storageHashTimer.Update(statedb.StorageHashes)                  // Storage hashes are complete(in validation)
+		triehash := statedb.AccountHashes + statedb.StorageHashes       // The time spent on tries hashing
+		trieUpdate := statedb.AccountUpdates + statedb.StorageUpdates   // The time spent on tries update
+		trieRead := statedb.SnapshotAccountReads + statedb.AccountReads // The time spent on account read
+		trieRead += statedb.SnapshotStorageReads + statedb.StorageReads // The time spent on storage read
+		blockExecutionTimer.Update(ptime - trieRead)                    // The time spent on EVM processing
+		blockValidationTimer.Update(vtime - (triehash + trieUpdate))    // The time spent on block validation

 		// Write the block to the chain and get the status.
 		var (
@ -2294,15 +2325,13 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool) (int, error)
 			return it.index, err
 		}

-		bc.cacheReceipts(block.Hash(), receipts, block)
-
 		// Update the metrics touched during block commit
 		accountCommitTimer.Update(statedb.AccountCommits)   // Account commits are complete, we can mark them
 		storageCommitTimer.Update(statedb.StorageCommits)   // Storage commits are complete, we can mark them
 		snapshotCommitTimer.Update(statedb.SnapshotCommits) // Snapshot commits are complete, we can mark them
 		triedbCommitTimer.Update(statedb.TrieDBCommits)     // Trie database commits are complete, we can mark them

-		blockWriteTimer.UpdateSince(wstart)
+		blockWriteTimer.Update(time.Since(wstart) - statedb.AccountCommits - statedb.StorageCommits - statedb.SnapshotCommits - statedb.TrieDBCommits)
 		blockInsertTimer.UpdateSince(start)

 		// Report the import stats before returning the various results
@ -2375,26 +2404,11 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) updateHighestVerifiedHeader(header *types.Header) {
 	if header == nil || header.Number == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	currentHeader := bc.highestVerifiedHeader.Load()
-	if currentHeader == nil {
+	currentBlock := bc.CurrentBlock()
+	reorg, err := bc.forker.ReorgNeededWithFastFinality(currentBlock, header)
+	if err == nil && reorg {
 		bc.highestVerifiedHeader.Store(types.CopyHeader(header))
-		return
-	}
-
-	newParentTD := bc.GetTd(header.ParentHash, header.Number.Uint64()-1)
-	if newParentTD == nil {
-		newParentTD = big.NewInt(0)
-	}
-	oldParentTD := bc.GetTd(currentHeader.ParentHash, currentHeader.Number.Uint64()-1)
-	if oldParentTD == nil {
-		oldParentTD = big.NewInt(0)
-	}
-	newTD := big.NewInt(0).Add(newParentTD, header.Difficulty)
-	oldTD := big.NewInt(0).Add(oldParentTD, currentHeader.Difficulty)
-
-	if newTD.Cmp(oldTD) > 0 {
-		bc.highestVerifiedHeader.Store(types.CopyHeader(header))
-		return
+		log.Trace("updateHighestVerifiedHeader", "number", header.Number.Uint64(), "hash", header.Hash())
 	}
 }

--- a/core/blockchain_reader.go
+++ b/core/blockchain_reader.go
@ -98,6 +98,15 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) GetHeaderByHash(hash common.Hash) *types.Header {
 	return bc.hc.GetHeaderByHash(hash)
 }

+// GetVerifiedBlockByHash retrieves the header of a verified block, it may be only in memory.
+func (bc *BlockChain) GetVerifiedBlockByHash(hash common.Hash) *types.Header {
+	highestVerifiedBlock := bc.highestVerifiedBlock.Load()
+	if highestVerifiedBlock != nil && highestVerifiedBlock.Hash() == hash {
+		return highestVerifiedBlock
+	}
+	return bc.hc.GetHeaderByHash(hash)
+}
+
 // GetHeaderByNumber retrieves a block header from the database by number,
 // caching it (associated with its hash) if found.
 func (bc *BlockChain) GetHeaderByNumber(number uint64) *types.Header {
@ -231,7 +240,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) GetReceiptsByHash(hash common.Hash) types.Receipts {
 	if receipts, ok := bc.receiptsCache.Get(hash); ok {
 		return receipts
 	}
-	number := rawdb.ReadHeaderNumber(bc.db.BlockStore(), hash)
+	number := rawdb.ReadHeaderNumber(bc.db, hash)
 	if number == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
@ -486,6 +495,11 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) SubscribeChainHeadEvent(ch chan<- ChainHeadEvent) event.Su
 	return bc.scope.Track(bc.chainHeadFeed.Subscribe(ch))
 }

+// SubscribeHighestVerifiedBlockEvent registers a subscription of HighestVerifiedBlockEvent.
+func (bc *BlockChain) SubscribeHighestVerifiedHeaderEvent(ch chan<- HighestVerifiedBlockEvent) event.Subscription {
+	return bc.scope.Track(bc.highestVerifiedBlockFeed.Subscribe(ch))
+}
+
 // SubscribeChainBlockEvent registers a subscription of ChainBlockEvent.
 func (bc *BlockChain) SubscribeChainBlockEvent(ch chan<- ChainHeadEvent) event.Subscription {
 	return bc.scope.Track(bc.chainBlockFeed.Subscribe(ch))
@ -511,3 +525,12 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) SubscribeBlockProcessingEvent(ch chan<- bool) event.Subscr
 func (bc *BlockChain) SubscribeFinalizedHeaderEvent(ch chan<- FinalizedHeaderEvent) event.Subscription {
 	return bc.scope.Track(bc.finalizedHeaderFeed.Subscribe(ch))
 }
+
+// AncientTail retrieves the tail the ancients blocks
+func (bc *BlockChain) AncientTail() (uint64, error) {
+	tail, err := bc.db.BlockStore().Tail()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return tail, nil
+}
--- a/core/blockchain_repair_test.go
+++ b/core/blockchain_repair_test.go
@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"

+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
+
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/ethash"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
@ -1795,6 +1797,13 @@ func testRepairWithScheme(t *testing.T, tt *rewindTest, snapshots bool, scheme s
 		config.SnapshotWait = true
 	}
 	config.TriesInMemory = 128
+
+	if err = db.SetupFreezerEnv(&ethdb.FreezerEnv{
+		ChainCfg:         gspec.Config,
+		BlobExtraReserve: params.DefaultExtraReserveForBlobRequests,
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create chain: %v", err)
+	}
 	chain, err := NewBlockChain(db, config, gspec, nil, engine, vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create chain: %v", err)
@ -1832,14 +1841,10 @@ func testRepairWithScheme(t *testing.T, tt *rewindTest, snapshots bool, scheme s
 	}
 	// Force run a freeze cycle
 	type freezer interface {
-		Freeze() error
+		Freeze(threshold uint64) error
 		Ancients() (uint64, error)
 	}
-	if tt.freezeThreshold < uint64(tt.canonicalBlocks) {
-		final := uint64(tt.canonicalBlocks) - tt.freezeThreshold
-		chain.SetFinalized(canonblocks[int(final)-1].Header())
-	}
-	db.(freezer).Freeze()
+	db.(freezer).Freeze(tt.freezeThreshold)

 	// Set the simulated pivot block
 	if tt.pivotBlock != nil {
--- a/core/blockchain_sethead_test.go
+++ b/core/blockchain_sethead_test.go
@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"

+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
+
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/ethash"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
@ -1998,6 +2000,13 @@ func testSetHeadWithScheme(t *testing.T, tt *rewindTest, snapshots bool, scheme
 		config.SnapshotWait = true
 	}
 	config.TriesInMemory = 128
+
+	if err = db.SetupFreezerEnv(&ethdb.FreezerEnv{
+		ChainCfg:         gspec.Config,
+		BlobExtraReserve: params.DefaultExtraReserveForBlobRequests,
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create chain: %v", err)
+	}
 	chain, err := NewBlockChain(db, config, gspec, nil, engine, vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create chain: %v", err)
@ -2045,14 +2054,10 @@ func testSetHeadWithScheme(t *testing.T, tt *rewindTest, snapshots bool, scheme

 	// Force run a freeze cycle
 	type freezer interface {
-		Freeze() error
+		Freeze(threshold uint64) error
 		Ancients() (uint64, error)
 	}
-	if tt.freezeThreshold < uint64(tt.canonicalBlocks) {
-		final := uint64(tt.canonicalBlocks) - tt.freezeThreshold
-		chain.SetFinalized(canonblocks[int(final)-1].Header())
-	}
-	db.(freezer).Freeze()
+	db.(freezer).Freeze(tt.freezeThreshold)

 	// Set the simulated pivot block
 	if tt.pivotBlock != nil {
--- a/core/blockchain_test.go
+++ b/core/blockchain_test.go
@ -974,7 +974,7 @@ func testFastVsFullChains(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to insert receipt %d: %v", n, err)
 	}
 	// Freezer style fast import the chain.
-	ancientDb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false)
+	ancientDb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create temp freezer db: %v", err)
 	}
@ -1069,7 +1069,7 @@ func testLightVsFastVsFullChainHeads(t *testing.T, scheme string) {

 	// makeDb creates a db instance for testing.
 	makeDb := func() ethdb.Database {
-		db, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false)
+		db, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false, false)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("failed to create temp freezer db: %v", err)
 		}
@ -1957,7 +1957,7 @@ func testLargeReorgTrieGC(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	competitor, _ := GenerateChain(genesis.Config, shared[len(shared)-1], engine, genDb, 2*TriesInMemory+1, func(i int, b *BlockGen) { b.SetCoinbase(common.Address{3}) })

 	// Import the shared chain and the original canonical one
-	db, _ := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false)
+	db, _ := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false, false)
 	defer db.Close()

 	chain, err := NewBlockChain(db, DefaultCacheConfigWithScheme(scheme), genesis, nil, engine, vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
@ -2026,7 +2026,7 @@ func testBlockchainRecovery(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	_, blocks, receipts := GenerateChainWithGenesis(gspec, ethash.NewFaker(), int(height), nil)

 	// Import the chain as a ancient-first node and ensure all pointers are updated
-	ancientDb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false)
+	ancientDb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create temp freezer db: %v", err)
 	}
@ -2097,7 +2097,7 @@ func testInsertReceiptChainRollback(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	}

 	// Set up a BlockChain that uses the ancient store.
-	ancientDb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false)
+	ancientDb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create temp freezer db: %v", err)
 	}
@ -2167,7 +2167,7 @@ func testLowDiffLongChain(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	})

 	// Import the canonical chain
-	diskdb, _ := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false)
+	diskdb, _ := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false, false)
 	defer diskdb.Close()

 	chain, err := NewBlockChain(diskdb, DefaultCacheConfigWithScheme(scheme), genesis, nil, engine, vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
@ -2384,7 +2384,7 @@ func testInsertKnownChainData(t *testing.T, typ string, scheme string) {
 		b.OffsetTime(-9) // A higher difficulty
 	})
 	// Import the shared chain and the original canonical one
-	chaindb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false)
+	chaindb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create temp freezer db: %v", err)
 	}
@ -2555,7 +2555,7 @@ func testInsertKnownChainDataWithMerging(t *testing.T, typ string, mergeHeight i
 		}
 	})
 	// Import the shared chain and the original canonical one
-	chaindb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false)
+	chaindb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create temp freezer db: %v", err)
 	}
@ -3858,7 +3858,7 @@ func testSetCanonical(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 		}
 		gen.AddTx(tx)
 	})
-	diskdb, _ := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false)
+	diskdb, _ := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false, false, false, false, false)
 	defer diskdb.Close()

 	chain, err := NewBlockChain(diskdb, DefaultCacheConfigWithScheme(scheme), gspec, nil, engine, vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
@ -4483,7 +4483,7 @@ func (c *mockParlia) CalcDifficulty(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, time uint
 func TestParliaBlobFeeReward(t *testing.T) {
 	// Have N headers in the freezer
 	frdir := t.TempDir()
-	db, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), frdir, "", false, false, false, false)
+	db, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), frdir, "", false, false, false, false, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create database with ancient backend")
 	}
--- a/core/chain_indexer.go
+++ b/core/chain_indexer.go
@ -227,8 +227,8 @@ func (c *ChainIndexer) eventLoop(currentHeader *types.Header, events chan ChainH
 				// Reorg to the common ancestor if needed (might not exist in light sync mode, skip reorg then)
 				// TODO(karalabe, zsfelfoldi): This seems a bit brittle, can we detect this case explicitly?

-				if rawdb.ReadCanonicalHash(c.chainDb.BlockStore(), prevHeader.Number.Uint64()) != prevHash {
-					if h := rawdb.FindCommonAncestor(c.chainDb.BlockStore(), prevHeader, header); h != nil {
+				if rawdb.ReadCanonicalHash(c.chainDb, prevHeader.Number.Uint64()) != prevHash {
+					if h := rawdb.FindCommonAncestor(c.chainDb, prevHeader, header); h != nil {
 						c.newHead(h.Number.Uint64(), true)
 					}
 				}
--- a/core/chain_makers.go
+++ b/core/chain_makers.go
@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ func (cm *chainMaker) makeHeader(parent *types.Block, state *state.StateDB, engi
 		if cm.config.Parlia != nil {
 			header.WithdrawalsHash = &types.EmptyWithdrawalsHash
 		}
-		if cm.config.Parlia == nil {
+		if cm.config.Parlia == nil || cm.config.IsBohr(header.Number, header.Time) {
 			header.ParentBeaconRoot = new(common.Hash)
 		}
 	}
@ -621,6 +621,10 @@ func (cm *chainMaker) GetHighestVerifiedHeader() *types.Header {
 	panic("not supported")
 }

+func (cm *chainMaker) GetVerifiedBlockByHash(hash common.Hash) *types.Header {
+	return cm.GetHeaderByHash(hash)
+}
+
 func (cm *chainMaker) ChasingHead() *types.Header {
 	panic("not supported")
 }
--- a/core/data_availability_test.go
+++ b/core/data_availability_test.go
@ -365,6 +365,10 @@ func (r *mockDAHeaderReader) GetHighestVerifiedHeader() *types.Header {
 	panic("not supported")
 }

+func (r *mockDAHeaderReader) GetVerifiedBlockByHash(hash common.Hash) *types.Header {
+	panic("not supported")
+}
+
 func createMockDATx(config *params.ChainConfig, sidecar *types.BlobTxSidecar) *types.Transaction {
 	if sidecar == nil {
 		tx := &types.DynamicFeeTx{
--- a/core/events.go
+++ b/core/events.go
@ -50,3 +50,5 @@ type ChainSideEvent struct {
 }

 type ChainHeadEvent struct{ Block *types.Block }
+
+type HighestVerifiedBlockEvent struct{ Header *types.Header }
--- a/core/forkchoice.go
+++ b/core/forkchoice.go
@ -86,9 +86,16 @@ func (f *ForkChoice) ReorgNeeded(current *types.Header, extern *types.Header) (b
 		localTD  = f.chain.GetTd(current.Hash(), current.Number.Uint64())
 		externTd = f.chain.GetTd(extern.Hash(), extern.Number.Uint64())
 	)
-	if localTD == nil || externTd == nil {
+	if localTD == nil {
 		return false, errors.New("missing td")
 	}
+	if externTd == nil {
+		ptd := f.chain.GetTd(extern.ParentHash, extern.Number.Uint64()-1)
+		if ptd == nil {
+			return false, consensus.ErrUnknownAncestor
+		}
+		externTd = new(big.Int).Add(ptd, extern.Difficulty)
+	}
 	// Accept the new header as the chain head if the transition
 	// is already triggered. We assume all the headers after the
 	// transition come from the trusted consensus layer.
@ -114,7 +121,19 @@ func (f *ForkChoice) ReorgNeeded(current *types.Header, extern *types.Header) (b
 		if f.preserve != nil {
 			currentPreserve, externPreserve = f.preserve(current), f.preserve(extern)
 		}
-		reorg = !currentPreserve && (externPreserve || f.rand.Float64() < 0.5)
+		choiceRules := func() bool {
+			if extern.Time == current.Time {
+				doubleSign := (extern.Coinbase == current.Coinbase)
+				if doubleSign {
+					return extern.Hash().Cmp(current.Hash()) < 0
+				} else {
+					return f.rand.Float64() < 0.5
+				}
+			} else {
+				return extern.Time < current.Time
+			}
+		}
+		reorg = !currentPreserve && (externPreserve || choiceRules())
 	}
 	return reorg, nil
 }
--- a/core/genesis.go
+++ b/core/genesis.go
@ -216,8 +216,9 @@ func (e *GenesisMismatchError) Error() string {
 // ChainOverrides contains the changes to chain config
 // Typically, these modifications involve hardforks that are not enabled on the BSC mainnet, intended for testing purposes.
 type ChainOverrides struct {
-	OverrideCancun *uint64
-	OverrideVerkle *uint64
+	OverridePassedForkTime *uint64
+	OverrideBohr           *uint64
+	OverrideVerkle         *uint64
 }

 // SetupGenesisBlock writes or updates the genesis block in db.
@ -243,8 +244,17 @@ func SetupGenesisBlockWithOverride(db ethdb.Database, triedb *triedb.Database, g
 	}
 	applyOverrides := func(config *params.ChainConfig) {
 		if config != nil {
-			if overrides != nil && overrides.OverrideCancun != nil {
-				config.CancunTime = overrides.OverrideCancun
+			if overrides != nil && overrides.OverridePassedForkTime != nil {
+				config.ShanghaiTime = overrides.OverridePassedForkTime
+				config.KeplerTime = overrides.OverridePassedForkTime
+				config.FeynmanTime = overrides.OverridePassedForkTime
+				config.FeynmanFixTime = overrides.OverridePassedForkTime
+				config.CancunTime = overrides.OverridePassedForkTime
+				config.HaberTime = overrides.OverridePassedForkTime
+				config.HaberFixTime = overrides.OverridePassedForkTime
+			}
+			if overrides != nil && overrides.OverrideBohr != nil {
+				config.BohrTime = overrides.OverrideBohr
 			}
 			if overrides != nil && overrides.OverrideVerkle != nil {
 				config.VerkleTime = overrides.OverrideVerkle
@ -444,7 +454,7 @@ func (g *Genesis) ToBlock() *types.Block {
 			// EIP-4788: The parentBeaconBlockRoot of the genesis block is always
 			// the zero hash. This is because the genesis block does not have a parent
 			// by definition.
-			if conf.Parlia == nil {
+			if conf.Parlia == nil || conf.IsBohr(num, g.Timestamp) {
 				head.ParentBeaconRoot = new(common.Hash)
 			}

@ -490,7 +500,7 @@ func (g *Genesis) Commit(db ethdb.Database, triedb *triedb.Database) (*types.Blo
 	rawdb.WriteReceipts(db.BlockStore(), block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), nil)
 	rawdb.WriteCanonicalHash(db.BlockStore(), block.Hash(), block.NumberU64())
 	rawdb.WriteHeadBlockHash(db.BlockStore(), block.Hash())
-	rawdb.WriteHeadFastBlockHash(db, block.Hash())
+	rawdb.WriteHeadFastBlockHash(db.BlockStore(), block.Hash())
 	rawdb.WriteHeadHeaderHash(db.BlockStore(), block.Hash())
 	rawdb.WriteChainConfig(db, block.Hash(), config)
 	return block, nil
--- a/core/headerchain.go
+++ b/core/headerchain.go
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ func NewHeaderChain(chainDb ethdb.Database, config *params.ChainConfig, engine c
 		return nil, ErrNoGenesis
 	}
 	hc.currentHeader.Store(hc.genesisHeader)
-	if head := rawdb.ReadHeadBlockHash(chainDb.BlockStore()); head != (common.Hash{}) {
+	if head := rawdb.ReadHeadBlockHash(chainDb); head != (common.Hash{}) {
 		if chead := hc.GetHeaderByHash(head); chead != nil {
 			hc.currentHeader.Store(chead)
 		}
@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ func (hc *HeaderChain) GetBlockNumber(hash common.Hash) *uint64 {
 	if cached, ok := hc.numberCache.Get(hash); ok {
 		return &cached
 	}
-	number := rawdb.ReadHeaderNumber(hc.chainDb.BlockStore(), hash)
+	number := rawdb.ReadHeaderNumber(hc.chainDb, hash)
 	if number != nil {
 		hc.numberCache.Add(hash, *number)
 	}
@ -436,6 +436,10 @@ func (hc *HeaderChain) GetHighestVerifiedHeader() *types.Header {
 	return nil
 }

+func (hc *HeaderChain) GetVerifiedBlockByHash(hash common.Hash) *types.Header {
+	return hc.GetHeaderByHash(hash)
+}
+
 func (hc *HeaderChain) ChasingHead() *types.Header {
 	return nil
 }
@ -668,7 +672,7 @@ func (hc *HeaderChain) setHead(headBlock uint64, headTime uint64, updateFn Updat
 		// first then remove the relative data from the database.
 		//
 		// Update head first(head fast block, head full block) before deleting the data.
-		markerBatch := hc.chainDb.NewBatch()
+		markerBatch := hc.chainDb.BlockStore().NewBatch()
 		if updateFn != nil {
 			newHead, force := updateFn(markerBatch, parent)
 			if force && ((headTime > 0 && newHead.Time < headTime) || (headTime == 0 && newHead.Number.Uint64() < headBlock)) {
@ -677,7 +681,7 @@ func (hc *HeaderChain) setHead(headBlock uint64, headTime uint64, updateFn Updat
 			}
 		}
 		// Update head header then.
-		rawdb.WriteHeadHeaderHash(hc.chainDb.BlockStore(), parentHash)
+		rawdb.WriteHeadHeaderHash(markerBatch, parentHash)
 		if err := markerBatch.Write(); err != nil {
 			log.Crit("Failed to update chain markers", "error", err)
 		}
@ -691,7 +695,7 @@ func (hc *HeaderChain) setHead(headBlock uint64, headTime uint64, updateFn Updat
 		// we don't end up with dangling daps in the database
 		var nums []uint64
 		if origin {
-			for n := num + 1; len(rawdb.ReadAllHashes(hc.chainDb, n)) > 0; n++ {
+			for n := num + 1; len(rawdb.ReadAllHashes(hc.chainDb.BlockStore(), n)) > 0; n++ {
 				nums = append([]uint64{n}, nums...) // suboptimal, but we don't really expect this path
 			}
 			origin = false
@ -701,7 +705,7 @@ func (hc *HeaderChain) setHead(headBlock uint64, headTime uint64, updateFn Updat
 		// Remove the related data from the database on all sidechains
 		for _, num := range nums {
 			// Gather all the side fork hashes
-			hashes := rawdb.ReadAllHashes(hc.chainDb, num)
+			hashes := rawdb.ReadAllHashes(hc.chainDb.BlockStore(), num)
 			if len(hashes) == 0 {
 				// No hashes in the database whatsoever, probably frozen already
 				hashes = append(hashes, hdr.Hash())
--- a/core/rawdb/accessors_chain.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/accessors_chain.go
@ -34,6 +34,15 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/exp/slices"
 )

+// Support Multi-Database Based on Data Pattern, the Chaindata will be divided into three stores: BlockStore, StateStore, and ChainStore,
+// according to data schema and read/write behavior. When using the following data interfaces, you should take note of the following:
+//
+// 1) Block-Related Data: For CanonicalHash, Header, Body, Td, Receipts, and BlobSidecars, the Write, Delete, and Iterator
+// 	operations should carefully ensure that the database being used is BlockStore.
+// 2) Meta-Related Data: For HeaderNumber, HeadHeaderHash, HeadBlockHash, HeadFastBlockHash, and FinalizedBlockHash, the
+// 	Write and Delete operations should carefully ensure that the database being used is BlockStore.
+// 3) Ancient Data: When using a multi-database, Ancient data will use the BlockStore.
+
 // ReadCanonicalHash retrieves the hash assigned to a canonical block number.
 func ReadCanonicalHash(db ethdb.Reader, number uint64) common.Hash {
 	var data []byte
@ -144,8 +153,8 @@ func ReadAllCanonicalHashes(db ethdb.Iteratee, from uint64, to uint64, limit int
 }

 // ReadHeaderNumber returns the header number assigned to a hash.
-func ReadHeaderNumber(db ethdb.KeyValueReader, hash common.Hash) *uint64 {
-	data, _ := db.Get(headerNumberKey(hash))
+func ReadHeaderNumber(db ethdb.MultiDatabaseReader, hash common.Hash) *uint64 {
+	data, _ := db.BlockStoreReader().Get(headerNumberKey(hash))
 	if len(data) != 8 {
 		return nil
 	}
@ -170,8 +179,8 @@ func DeleteHeaderNumber(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, hash common.Hash) {
 }

 // ReadHeadHeaderHash retrieves the hash of the current canonical head header.
-func ReadHeadHeaderHash(db ethdb.KeyValueReader) common.Hash {
-	data, _ := db.Get(headHeaderKey)
+func ReadHeadHeaderHash(db ethdb.MultiDatabaseReader) common.Hash {
+	data, _ := db.BlockStoreReader().Get(headHeaderKey)
 	if len(data) == 0 {
 		return common.Hash{}
 	}
@ -186,8 +195,8 @@ func WriteHeadHeaderHash(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, hash common.Hash) {
 }

 // ReadHeadBlockHash retrieves the hash of the current canonical head block.
-func ReadHeadBlockHash(db ethdb.KeyValueReader) common.Hash {
-	data, _ := db.Get(headBlockKey)
+func ReadHeadBlockHash(db ethdb.MultiDatabaseReader) common.Hash {
+	data, _ := db.BlockStoreReader().Get(headBlockKey)
 	if len(data) == 0 {
 		return common.Hash{}
 	}
@ -202,8 +211,8 @@ func WriteHeadBlockHash(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, hash common.Hash) {
 }

 // ReadHeadFastBlockHash retrieves the hash of the current fast-sync head block.
-func ReadHeadFastBlockHash(db ethdb.KeyValueReader) common.Hash {
-	data, _ := db.Get(headFastBlockKey)
+func ReadHeadFastBlockHash(db ethdb.MultiDatabaseReader) common.Hash {
+	data, _ := db.BlockStoreReader().Get(headFastBlockKey)
 	if len(data) == 0 {
 		return common.Hash{}
 	}
@ -218,8 +227,8 @@ func WriteHeadFastBlockHash(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, hash common.Hash) {
 }

 // ReadFinalizedBlockHash retrieves the hash of the finalized block.
-func ReadFinalizedBlockHash(db ethdb.KeyValueReader) common.Hash {
-	data, _ := db.Get(headFinalizedBlockKey)
+func ReadFinalizedBlockHash(db ethdb.MultiDatabaseReader) common.Hash {
+	data, _ := db.BlockStoreReader().Get(headFinalizedBlockKey)
 	if len(data) == 0 {
 		return common.Hash{}
 	}
@ -297,7 +306,7 @@ func ReadHeaderRange(db ethdb.Reader, number uint64, count uint64) []rlp.RawValu
 		// It's ok to request block 0, 1 item
 		count = number + 1
 	}
-	limit, _ := db.Ancients()
+	limit, _ := db.BlockStoreReader().Ancients()
 	// First read live blocks
 	if i >= limit {
 		// If we need to read live blocks, we need to figure out the hash first
@ -317,7 +326,7 @@ func ReadHeaderRange(db ethdb.Reader, number uint64, count uint64) []rlp.RawValu
 		return rlpHeaders
 	}
 	// read remaining from ancients, cap at 2M
-	data, err := db.AncientRange(ChainFreezerHeaderTable, i+1-count, count, 2*1024*1024)
+	data, err := db.BlockStoreReader().AncientRange(ChainFreezerHeaderTable, i+1-count, count, 2*1024*1024)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error("Failed to read headers from freezer", "err", err)
 		return rlpHeaders
@ -468,7 +477,7 @@ func ReadCanonicalBodyRLP(db ethdb.Reader, number uint64) rlp.RawValue {
 		// Block is not in ancients, read from leveldb by hash and number.
 		// Note: ReadCanonicalHash cannot be used here because it also
 		// calls ReadAncients internally.
-		hash, _ := db.Get(headerHashKey(number))
+		hash, _ := db.BlockStoreReader().Get(headerHashKey(number))
 		data, _ = db.BlockStoreReader().Get(blockBodyKey(number, common.BytesToHash(hash)))
 		return nil
 	})
@ -516,6 +525,13 @@ func WriteBody(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, hash common.Hash, number uint64, body *t
 	WriteBodyRLP(db, hash, number, data)
 }

+// DeleteBody removes all block body data associated with a hash.
+func DeleteBody(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, hash common.Hash, number uint64) {
+	if err := db.Delete(blockBodyKey(number, hash)); err != nil {
+		log.Crit("Failed to delete block body", "err", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func WriteDiffLayer(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, hash common.Hash, layer *types.DiffLayer) {
 	data, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(layer)
 	if err != nil {
@ -554,13 +570,6 @@ func DeleteDiffLayer(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, blockHash common.Hash) {
 	}
 }

-// DeleteBody removes all block body data associated with a hash.
-func DeleteBody(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, hash common.Hash, number uint64) {
-	if err := db.Delete(blockBodyKey(number, hash)); err != nil {
-		log.Crit("Failed to delete block body", "err", err)
-	}
-}
-
 // ReadTdRLP retrieves a block's total difficulty corresponding to the hash in RLP encoding.
 func ReadTdRLP(db ethdb.Reader, hash common.Hash, number uint64) rlp.RawValue {
 	var data []byte
@ -884,7 +893,7 @@ func WriteAncientBlocks(db ethdb.AncientWriter, blocks []*types.Block, receipts
 // ReadBlobSidecarsRLP retrieves all the transaction blobs belonging to a block in RLP encoding.
 func ReadBlobSidecarsRLP(db ethdb.Reader, hash common.Hash, number uint64) rlp.RawValue {
 	var data []byte
-	db.ReadAncients(func(reader ethdb.AncientReaderOp) error {
+	db.BlockStoreReader().ReadAncients(func(reader ethdb.AncientReaderOp) error {
 		// Check if the data is in ancients
 		if isCanon(reader, number, hash) {
 			data, _ = reader.Ancient(ChainFreezerBlobSidecarTable, number)
@ -1093,24 +1102,24 @@ func FindCommonAncestor(db ethdb.Reader, a, b *types.Header) *types.Header {

 // ReadHeadHeader returns the current canonical head header.
 func ReadHeadHeader(db ethdb.Reader) *types.Header {
-	headHeaderHash := ReadHeadHeaderHash(db.BlockStoreReader())
+	headHeaderHash := ReadHeadHeaderHash(db)
 	if headHeaderHash == (common.Hash{}) {
 		return nil
 	}
-	headHeaderNumber := ReadHeaderNumber(db.BlockStoreReader(), headHeaderHash)
+	headHeaderNumber := ReadHeaderNumber(db, headHeaderHash)
 	if headHeaderNumber == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	return ReadHeader(db.BlockStoreReader(), headHeaderHash, *headHeaderNumber)
+	return ReadHeader(db, headHeaderHash, *headHeaderNumber)
 }

 // ReadHeadBlock returns the current canonical head block.
 func ReadHeadBlock(db ethdb.Reader) *types.Block {
-	headBlockHash := ReadHeadBlockHash(db.BlockStoreReader())
+	headBlockHash := ReadHeadBlockHash(db)
 	if headBlockHash == (common.Hash{}) {
 		return nil
 	}
-	headBlockNumber := ReadHeaderNumber(db.BlockStoreReader(), headBlockHash)
+	headBlockNumber := ReadHeaderNumber(db, headBlockHash)
 	if headBlockNumber == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
--- a/core/rawdb/accessors_chain_test.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/accessors_chain_test.go
@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ func checkBlobSidecarsRLP(have, want types.BlobSidecars) error {
 func TestAncientStorage(t *testing.T) {
 	// Freezer style fast import the chain.
 	frdir := t.TempDir()
-	db, err := NewDatabaseWithFreezer(NewMemoryDatabase(), frdir, "", false, false, false, false)
+	db, err := NewDatabaseWithFreezer(NewMemoryDatabase(), frdir, "", false, false, false, false, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create database with ancient backend")
 	}
@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ func TestHashesInRange(t *testing.T) {
 func BenchmarkWriteAncientBlocks(b *testing.B) {
 	// Open freezer database.
 	frdir := b.TempDir()
-	db, err := NewDatabaseWithFreezer(NewMemoryDatabase(), frdir, "", false, false, false, false)
+	db, err := NewDatabaseWithFreezer(NewMemoryDatabase(), frdir, "", false, false, false, false, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		b.Fatalf("failed to create database with ancient backend")
 	}
@ -1001,7 +1001,7 @@ func TestHeadersRLPStorage(t *testing.T) {
 	// Have N headers in the freezer
 	frdir := t.TempDir()

-	db, err := NewDatabaseWithFreezer(NewMemoryDatabase(), frdir, "", false, false, false, false)
+	db, err := NewDatabaseWithFreezer(NewMemoryDatabase(), frdir, "", false, false, false, false, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create database with ancient backend")
 	}
--- a/core/rawdb/accessors_indexes.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/accessors_indexes.go
@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func ReadTxLookupEntry(db ethdb.Reader, hash common.Hash) *uint64 {
 	}
 	// Database v4-v5 tx lookup format just stores the hash
 	if len(data) == common.HashLength {
-		return ReadHeaderNumber(db.BlockStoreReader(), common.BytesToHash(data))
+		return ReadHeaderNumber(db, common.BytesToHash(data))
 	}
 	// Finally try database v3 tx lookup format
 	var entry LegacyTxLookupEntry
--- a/core/rawdb/accessors_snapshot.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/accessors_snapshot.go
@ -18,12 +18,10 @@ package rawdb

 import (
 	"encoding/binary"
-	"time"

 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/metrics"
 )

 // ReadSnapshotDisabled retrieves if the snapshot maintenance is disabled.
@ -76,10 +74,6 @@ func DeleteSnapshotRoot(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter) {

 // ReadAccountSnapshot retrieves the snapshot entry of an account trie leaf.
 func ReadAccountSnapshot(db ethdb.KeyValueReader, hash common.Hash) []byte {
-	if metrics.EnabledExpensive {
-		start := time.Now()
-		defer func() { rawdbGetAccountSnapNodeTimer.UpdateSince(start) }()
-	}
 	data, _ := db.Get(accountSnapshotKey(hash))
 	return data
 }
@ -100,10 +94,6 @@ func DeleteAccountSnapshot(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, hash common.Hash) {

 // ReadStorageSnapshot retrieves the snapshot entry of an storage trie leaf.
 func ReadStorageSnapshot(db ethdb.KeyValueReader, accountHash, storageHash common.Hash) []byte {
-	if metrics.EnabledExpensive {
-		start := time.Now()
-		defer func() { rawdbGetStorageSnapNodeTimer.UpdateSince(start) }()
-	}
 	data, _ := db.Get(storageSnapshotKey(accountHash, storageHash))
 	return data
 }
--- a/core/rawdb/accessors_trie.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/accessors_trie.go
@ -19,13 +19,11 @@ package rawdb
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"sync"
-	"time"

 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/metrics"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/sha3"
 )

@ -70,10 +68,6 @@ func (h *hasher) release() {
 // ReadAccountTrieNode retrieves the account trie node and the associated node
 // hash with the specified node path.
 func ReadAccountTrieNode(db ethdb.KeyValueReader, path []byte) ([]byte, common.Hash) {
-	if metrics.EnabledExpensive {
-		start := time.Now()
-		defer func() { rawdbGetAccountTrieNodeTimer.UpdateSince(start) }()
-	}
 	data, err := db.Get(accountTrieNodeKey(path))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, common.Hash{}
@ -122,10 +116,6 @@ func DeleteAccountTrieNode(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, path []byte) {
 // ReadStorageTrieNode retrieves the storage trie node and the associated node
 // hash with the specified node path.
 func ReadStorageTrieNode(db ethdb.KeyValueReader, accountHash common.Hash, path []byte) ([]byte, common.Hash) {
-	if metrics.EnabledExpensive {
-		start := time.Now()
-		defer func() { rawdbGetStorageTrieNodeTimer.UpdateSince(start) }()
-	}
 	data, err := db.Get(storageTrieNodeKey(accountHash, path))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, common.Hash{}
@ -228,22 +218,7 @@ func HasTrieNode(db ethdb.KeyValueReader, owner common.Hash, path []byte, hash c
 func ReadTrieNode(db ethdb.KeyValueReader, owner common.Hash, path []byte, hash common.Hash, scheme string) []byte {
 	switch scheme {
 	case HashScheme:
-		var (
-			blob  []byte
-			start time.Time
-		)
-		start = time.Now()
-		blob = ReadLegacyTrieNode(db, hash)
-		if owner == (common.Hash{}) {
-			if metrics.EnabledExpensive {
-				rawdbGetAccountTrieNodeTimer.UpdateSince(start)
-			}
-		} else {
-			if metrics.EnabledExpensive {
-				rawdbGetStorageTrieNodeTimer.UpdateSince(start)
-			}
-		}
-		return blob
+		return ReadLegacyTrieNode(db, hash)
 	case PathScheme:
 		var (
 			blob  []byte
--- a/core/rawdb/ancient_utils.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/ancient_utils.go
@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ package rawdb

 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
 	"path/filepath"

 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
@ -98,6 +100,18 @@ func inspectFreezers(db ethdb.Database) ([]freezerInfo, error) {
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
+
+			file, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(datadir, StateFreezerName))
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			defer file.Close()
+			// if state freezer folder has been pruned, there is no need for inspection
+			_, err = file.Readdirnames(1)
+			if err == io.EOF {
+				continue
+			}
+
 			f, err := NewStateFreezer(datadir, true, 0)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
--- a/core/rawdb/chain_freezer.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/chain_freezer.go
@ -24,12 +24,12 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
-
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 )

 const (
@ -51,25 +51,32 @@ var (
 // The background thread will keep moving ancient chain segments from key-value
 // database to flat files for saving space on live database.
 type chainFreezer struct {
+	threshold atomic.Uint64 // Number of recent blocks not to freeze (params.FullImmutabilityThreshold apart from tests)
+
 	*Freezer
 	quit    chan struct{}
 	wg      sync.WaitGroup
 	trigger chan chan struct{} // Manual blocking freeze trigger, test determinism

-	freezeEnv atomic.Value
+	freezeEnv    atomic.Value
+	waitEnvTimes int
+
+	multiDatabase bool
 }

 // newChainFreezer initializes the freezer for ancient chain data.
-func newChainFreezer(datadir string, namespace string, readonly bool, offset uint64) (*chainFreezer, error) {
+func newChainFreezer(datadir string, namespace string, readonly bool, offset uint64, multiDatabase bool) (*chainFreezer, error) {
 	freezer, err := NewChainFreezer(datadir, namespace, readonly, offset)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return &chainFreezer{
+	cf := chainFreezer{
 		Freezer: freezer,
 		quit:    make(chan struct{}),
 		trigger: make(chan chan struct{}),
-	}, nil
+	}
+	cf.threshold.Store(params.FullImmutabilityThreshold)
+	return &cf, nil
 }

 // Close closes the chain freezer instance and terminates the background thread.
@ -85,7 +92,7 @@ func (f *chainFreezer) Close() error {

 // readHeadNumber returns the number of chain head block. 0 is returned if the
 // block is unknown or not available yet.
-func (f *chainFreezer) readHeadNumber(db ethdb.KeyValueReader) uint64 {
+func (f *chainFreezer) readHeadNumber(db ethdb.Reader) uint64 {
 	hash := ReadHeadBlockHash(db)
 	if hash == (common.Hash{}) {
 		log.Error("Head block is not reachable")
@ -101,7 +108,7 @@ func (f *chainFreezer) readHeadNumber(db ethdb.KeyValueReader) uint64 {

 // readFinalizedNumber returns the number of finalized block. 0 is returned
 // if the block is unknown or not available yet.
-func (f *chainFreezer) readFinalizedNumber(db ethdb.KeyValueReader) uint64 {
+func (f *chainFreezer) readFinalizedNumber(db ethdb.Reader) uint64 {
 	hash := ReadFinalizedBlockHash(db)
 	if hash == (common.Hash{}) {
 		return 0
@ -116,7 +123,7 @@ func (f *chainFreezer) readFinalizedNumber(db ethdb.KeyValueReader) uint64 {

 // freezeThreshold returns the threshold for chain freezing. It's determined
 // by formula: max(finality, HEAD-params.FullImmutabilityThreshold).
-func (f *chainFreezer) freezeThreshold(db ethdb.KeyValueReader) (uint64, error) {
+func (f *chainFreezer) freezeThreshold(db ethdb.Reader) (uint64, error) {
 	var (
 		head      = f.readHeadNumber(db)
 		final     = f.readFinalizedNumber(db)
@ -172,42 +179,114 @@ func (f *chainFreezer) freeze(db ethdb.KeyValueStore) {
 			}
 		}

-		// check freezer env first, it must wait a while when the env is necessary
-		err := f.checkFreezerEnv()
-		if err == missFreezerEnvErr {
-			log.Warn("Freezer need related env, may wait for a while", "err", err)
-			backoff = true
-			continue
+		var (
+			frozen    uint64
+			threshold uint64
+			first     uint64 // the first block to freeze
+			last      uint64 // the last block to freeze
+
+			hash   common.Hash
+			number *uint64
+			head   *types.Header
+			err    error
+		)
+
+		// use finalized block as the chain freeze indicator was used for multiDatabase feature, if multiDatabase is false, keep 9W blocks in db
+		if f.multiDatabase {
+			threshold, err = f.freezeThreshold(nfdb)
+			if err != nil {
+				backoff = true
+				log.Debug("Current full block not old enough to freeze", "err", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			frozen = f.frozen.Load()
+
+			// Short circuit if the blocks below threshold are already frozen.
+			if frozen != 0 && frozen-1 >= threshold {
+				backoff = true
+				log.Debug("Ancient blocks frozen already", "threshold", threshold, "frozen", frozen)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			hash = ReadHeadBlockHash(nfdb)
+			if hash == (common.Hash{}) {
+				log.Debug("Current full block hash unavailable") // new chain, empty database
+				backoff = true
+				continue
+			}
+			number = ReadHeaderNumber(nfdb, hash)
+			if number == nil {
+				log.Error("Current full block number unavailable", "hash", hash)
+				backoff = true
+				continue
+			}
+			head = ReadHeader(nfdb, hash, *number)
+			if head == nil {
+				log.Error("Current full block unavailable", "number", *number, "hash", hash)
+				backoff = true
+				continue
+			}
+
+			first = frozen
+			last = threshold
+			if last-first+1 > freezerBatchLimit {
+				last = freezerBatchLimit + first - 1
+			}
+		} else {
+			// Retrieve the freezing threshold.
+			hash = ReadHeadBlockHash(nfdb)
+			if hash == (common.Hash{}) {
+				log.Debug("Current full block hash unavailable") // new chain, empty database
+				backoff = true
+				continue
+			}
+			number = ReadHeaderNumber(nfdb, hash)
+			threshold = f.threshold.Load()
+			frozen = f.frozen.Load()
+			switch {
+			case number == nil:
+				log.Error("Current full block number unavailable", "hash", hash)
+				backoff = true
+				continue
+
+			case *number < threshold:
+				log.Debug("Current full block not old enough to freeze", "number", *number, "hash", hash, "delay", threshold)
+				backoff = true
+				continue
+
+			case *number-threshold <= frozen:
+				log.Debug("Ancient blocks frozen already", "number", *number, "hash", hash, "frozen", frozen)
+				backoff = true
+				continue
+			}
+			head = ReadHeader(nfdb, hash, *number)
+			if head == nil {
+				log.Error("Current full block unavailable", "number", *number, "hash", hash)
+				backoff = true
+				continue
+			}
+			first, _ = f.Ancients()
+			last = *number - threshold
+			if last-first > freezerBatchLimit {
+				last = first + freezerBatchLimit
+			}
 		}
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Error("Freezer check FreezerEnv err", "err", err)
+
+		// check env first before chain freeze, it must wait when the env is necessary
+		if err := f.checkFreezerEnv(); err != nil {
+			f.waitEnvTimes++
+			if f.waitEnvTimes%30 == 0 {
+				log.Warn("Freezer need related env, may wait for a while, and it's not a issue when non-import block", "err", err)
+				return
+			}
 			backoff = true
 			continue
 		}

-		threshold, err := f.freezeThreshold(nfdb)
-		if err != nil {
-			backoff = true
-			log.Debug("Current full block not old enough to freeze", "err", err)
-			continue
-		}
-		frozen := f.frozen.Load()
-
-		// Short circuit if the blocks below threshold are already frozen.
-		if frozen != 0 && frozen-1 >= threshold {
-			backoff = true
-			log.Debug("Ancient blocks frozen already", "threshold", threshold, "frozen", frozen)
-			continue
-		}
 		// Seems we have data ready to be frozen, process in usable batches
 		var (
 			start = time.Now()
-			first = frozen    // the first block to freeze
-			last  = threshold // the last block to freeze
 		)
-		if last-first+1 > freezerBatchLimit {
-			last = freezerBatchLimit + first - 1
-		}

 		ancients, err := f.freezeRangeWithBlobs(nfdb, first, last)
 		if err != nil {
@ -295,24 +374,6 @@ func (f *chainFreezer) freeze(db ethdb.KeyValueStore) {
 		log.Debug("Deep froze chain segment", context...)

 		env, _ := f.freezeEnv.Load().(*ethdb.FreezerEnv)
-		hash := ReadHeadBlockHash(nfdb)
-		if hash == (common.Hash{}) {
-			log.Debug("Current full block hash unavailable") // new chain, empty database
-			backoff = true
-			continue
-		}
-		number := ReadHeaderNumber(nfdb, hash)
-		if number == nil {
-			log.Error("Current full block number unavailable", "hash", hash)
-			backoff = true
-			continue
-		}
-		head := ReadHeader(nfdb, hash, *number)
-		if head == nil {
-			log.Error("Current full block unavailable", "number", *number, "hash", hash)
-			backoff = true
-			continue
-		}
 		// try prune blob data after cancun fork
 		if isCancun(env, head.Number, head.Time) {
 			f.tryPruneBlobAncientTable(env, *number)
@ -484,14 +545,7 @@ func (f *chainFreezer) checkFreezerEnv() error {
 	if exist {
 		return nil
 	}
-	blobFrozen, err := f.TableAncients(ChainFreezerBlobSidecarTable)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if blobFrozen > 0 {
-		return missFreezerEnvErr
-	}
-	return nil
+	return missFreezerEnvErr
 }

 func isCancun(env *ethdb.FreezerEnv, num *big.Int, time uint64) bool {
--- a/core/rawdb/chain_iterator.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/chain_iterator.go
@ -35,16 +35,16 @@ import (
 // injects into the database the block hash->number mappings.
 func InitDatabaseFromFreezer(db ethdb.Database) {
 	// If we can't access the freezer or it's empty, abort
-	frozen, err := db.ItemAmountInAncient()
+	frozen, err := db.BlockStore().ItemAmountInAncient()
 	if err != nil || frozen == 0 {
 		return
 	}
 	var (
-		batch  = db.NewBatch()
+		batch  = db.BlockStore().NewBatch()
 		start  = time.Now()
 		logged = start.Add(-7 * time.Second) // Unindex during import is fast, don't double log
 		hash   common.Hash
-		offset = db.AncientOffSet()
+		offset = db.BlockStore().AncientOffSet()
 	)
 	for i := uint64(0) + offset; i < frozen+offset; i++ {
 		// We read 100K hashes at a time, for a total of 3.2M
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func InitDatabaseFromFreezer(db ethdb.Database) {
 		if i+count > frozen+offset {
 			count = frozen + offset - i
 		}
-		data, err := db.AncientRange(ChainFreezerHashTable, i, count, 32*count)
+		data, err := db.BlockStore().AncientRange(ChainFreezerHashTable, i, count, 32*count)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Crit("Failed to init database from freezer", "err", err)
 		}
@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ func InitDatabaseFromFreezer(db ethdb.Database) {
 	batch.Reset()

 	WriteHeadHeaderHash(db.BlockStore(), hash)
-	WriteHeadFastBlockHash(db, hash)
+	WriteHeadFastBlockHash(db.BlockStore(), hash)
 	log.Info("Initialized database from freezer", "blocks", frozen, "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
 }

@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ func iterateTransactions(db ethdb.Database, from uint64, to uint64, reverse bool
 		number uint64
 		rlp    rlp.RawValue
 	}
-	if offset := db.AncientOffSet(); offset > from {
+	if offset := db.BlockStore().AncientOffSet(); offset > from {
 		from = offset
 	}
 	if to <= from {
@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ func iterateTransactions(db ethdb.Database, from uint64, to uint64, reverse bool
 		}
 		defer close(rlpCh)
 		for n != end {
-			data := ReadCanonicalBodyRLP(db.BlockStore(), n)
+			data := ReadCanonicalBodyRLP(db, n)
 			// Feed the block to the aggregator, or abort on interrupt
 			select {
 			case rlpCh <- &numberRlp{n, data}:
@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ func iterateTransactions(db ethdb.Database, from uint64, to uint64, reverse bool
 // signal received.
 func indexTransactions(db ethdb.Database, from uint64, to uint64, interrupt chan struct{}, hook func(uint64) bool, report bool) {
 	// short circuit for invalid range
-	if offset := db.AncientOffSet(); offset > from {
+	if offset := db.BlockStore().AncientOffSet(); offset > from {
 		from = offset
 	}
 	if from >= to {
@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ func indexTransactionsForTesting(db ethdb.Database, from uint64, to uint64, inte
 // signal received.
 func unindexTransactions(db ethdb.Database, from uint64, to uint64, interrupt chan struct{}, hook func(uint64) bool, report bool) {
 	// short circuit for invalid range
-	if offset := db.AncientOffSet(); offset > from {
+	if offset := db.BlockStore().AncientOffSet(); offset > from {
 		from = offset
 	}
 	if from >= to {
--- a/core/rawdb/database.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/database.go
@ -61,8 +61,10 @@ func (frdb *freezerdb) BlockStoreReader() ethdb.Reader {
 }

 func (frdb *freezerdb) BlockStoreWriter() ethdb.Writer {
-	//TODO implement me
-	panic("implement me")
+	if frdb.blockStore == nil {
+		return frdb
+	}
+	return frdb.blockStore
 }

 // AncientDatadir returns the path of root ancient directory.
@ -116,6 +118,13 @@ func (frdb *freezerdb) StateStore() ethdb.Database {
 	return frdb.stateStore
 }

+func (frdb *freezerdb) GetStateStore() ethdb.Database {
+	if frdb.stateStore != nil {
+		return frdb.stateStore
+	}
+	return frdb
+}
+
 func (frdb *freezerdb) SetStateStore(state ethdb.Database) {
 	if frdb.stateStore != nil {
 		frdb.stateStore.Close()
@ -138,13 +147,22 @@ func (frdb *freezerdb) SetBlockStore(block ethdb.Database) {
 	frdb.blockStore = block
 }

+func (frdb *freezerdb) HasSeparateBlockStore() bool {
+	return frdb.blockStore != nil
+}
+
 // Freeze is a helper method used for external testing to trigger and block until
 // a freeze cycle completes, without having to sleep for a minute to trigger the
 // automatic background run.
-func (frdb *freezerdb) Freeze() error {
+func (frdb *freezerdb) Freeze(threshold uint64) error {
 	if frdb.AncientStore.(*chainFreezer).readonly {
 		return errReadOnly
 	}
+	// Set the freezer threshold to a temporary value
+	defer func(old uint64) {
+		frdb.AncientStore.(*chainFreezer).threshold.Store(old)
+	}(frdb.AncientStore.(*chainFreezer).threshold.Load())
+	frdb.AncientStore.(*chainFreezer).threshold.Store(threshold)
 	// Trigger a freeze cycle and block until it's done
 	trigger := make(chan struct{}, 1)
 	frdb.AncientStore.(*chainFreezer).trigger <- trigger
@ -184,7 +202,7 @@ func (db *nofreezedb) Ancients() (uint64, error) {
 	return 0, errNotSupported
 }

-// Ancients returns an error as we don't have a backing chain freezer.
+// ItemAmountInAncient returns an error as we don't have a backing chain freezer.
 func (db *nofreezedb) ItemAmountInAncient() (uint64, error) {
 	return 0, errNotSupported
 }
@ -245,6 +263,13 @@ func (db *nofreezedb) SetStateStore(state ethdb.Database) {
 	db.stateStore = state
 }

+func (db *nofreezedb) GetStateStore() ethdb.Database {
+	if db.stateStore != nil {
+		return db.stateStore
+	}
+	return db
+}
+
 func (db *nofreezedb) StateStoreReader() ethdb.Reader {
 	if db.stateStore != nil {
 		return db.stateStore
@ -263,6 +288,10 @@ func (db *nofreezedb) SetBlockStore(block ethdb.Database) {
 	db.blockStore = block
 }

+func (db *nofreezedb) HasSeparateBlockStore() bool {
+	return db.blockStore != nil
+}
+
 func (db *nofreezedb) BlockStoreReader() ethdb.Reader {
 	if db.blockStore != nil {
 		return db.blockStore
@ -318,6 +347,111 @@ func NewDatabase(db ethdb.KeyValueStore) ethdb.Database {
 	return &nofreezedb{KeyValueStore: db}
 }

+type emptyfreezedb struct {
+	ethdb.KeyValueStore
+}
+
+// HasAncient returns nil for pruned db that we don't have a backing chain freezer.
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) HasAncient(kind string, number uint64) (bool, error) {
+	return false, nil
+}
+
+// Ancient returns nil for pruned db that we don't have a backing chain freezer.
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) Ancient(kind string, number uint64) ([]byte, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// AncientRange returns nil for pruned db that we don't have a backing chain freezer.
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) AncientRange(kind string, start, max, maxByteSize uint64) ([][]byte, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// Ancients returns nil for pruned db that we don't have a backing chain freezer.
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) Ancients() (uint64, error) {
+	return 0, nil
+}
+
+// ItemAmountInAncient returns nil for pruned db that we don't have a backing chain freezer.
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) ItemAmountInAncient() (uint64, error) {
+	return 0, nil
+}
+
+// Tail returns nil for pruned db that we don't have a backing chain freezer.
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) Tail() (uint64, error) {
+	return 0, nil
+}
+
+// AncientSize returns nil for pruned db that we don't have a backing chain freezer.
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) AncientSize(kind string) (uint64, error) {
+	return 0, nil
+}
+
+// ModifyAncients returns nil for pruned db that we don't have a backing chain freezer.
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) ModifyAncients(func(ethdb.AncientWriteOp) error) (int64, error) {
+	return 0, nil
+}
+
+// TruncateHead returns nil for pruned db that we don't have a backing chain freezer.
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) TruncateHead(items uint64) (uint64, error) {
+	return 0, nil
+}
+
+// TruncateTail returns nil for pruned db that we don't have a backing chain freezer.
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) TruncateTail(items uint64) (uint64, error) {
+	return 0, nil
+}
+
+// TruncateTableTail returns nil for pruned db that we don't have a backing chain freezer.
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) TruncateTableTail(kind string, tail uint64) (uint64, error) {
+	return 0, nil
+}
+
+// ResetTable returns nil for pruned db that we don't have a backing chain freezer.
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) ResetTable(kind string, startAt uint64, onlyEmpty bool) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Sync returns nil for pruned db that we don't have a backing chain freezer.
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) Sync() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) DiffStore() ethdb.KeyValueStore        { return db }
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) SetDiffStore(diff ethdb.KeyValueStore) {}
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) StateStore() ethdb.Database            { return db }
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) GetStateStore() ethdb.Database         { return db }
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) SetStateStore(state ethdb.Database)    {}
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) StateStoreReader() ethdb.Reader        { return db }
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) BlockStore() ethdb.Database            { return db }
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) SetBlockStore(block ethdb.Database)    {}
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) HasSeparateBlockStore() bool           { return false }
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) BlockStoreReader() ethdb.Reader        { return db }
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) BlockStoreWriter() ethdb.Writer        { return db }
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) ReadAncients(fn func(reader ethdb.AncientReaderOp) error) (err error) {
+	return nil
+}
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) AncientOffSet() uint64 { return 0 }
+
+// MigrateTable returns nil for pruned db that we don't have a backing chain freezer.
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) MigrateTable(kind string, convert convertLegacyFn) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// AncientDatadir returns nil for pruned db that we don't have a backing chain freezer.
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) AncientDatadir() (string, error) {
+	return "", nil
+}
+func (db *emptyfreezedb) SetupFreezerEnv(env *ethdb.FreezerEnv) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// NewEmptyFreezeDB is used for CLI such as `geth db inspect` in pruned db that we don't
+// have a backing chain freezer.
+// WARNING: it must be only used in the above case.
+func NewEmptyFreezeDB(db ethdb.KeyValueStore) ethdb.Database {
+	return &emptyfreezedb{KeyValueStore: db}
+}
+
 // NewFreezerDb only create a freezer without statedb.
 func NewFreezerDb(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, frz, namespace string, readonly bool, newOffSet uint64) (*Freezer, error) {
 	// Create the idle freezer instance, this operation should be atomic to avoid mismatch between offset and acientDB.
@ -358,7 +492,7 @@ func resolveChainFreezerDir(ancient string) string {
 // value data store with a freezer moving immutable chain segments into cold
 // storage. The passed ancient indicates the path of root ancient directory
 // where the chain freezer can be opened.
-func NewDatabaseWithFreezer(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, ancient string, namespace string, readonly, disableFreeze, isLastOffset, pruneAncientData bool) (ethdb.Database, error) {
+func NewDatabaseWithFreezer(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, ancient string, namespace string, readonly, disableFreeze, isLastOffset, pruneAncientData, multiDatabase bool) (ethdb.Database, error) {
 	var offset uint64
 	// The offset of ancientDB should be handled differently in different scenarios.
 	if isLastOffset {
@ -367,6 +501,12 @@ func NewDatabaseWithFreezer(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, ancient string, namespace st
 		offset = ReadOffSetOfCurrentAncientFreezer(db)
 	}

+	// This case is used for someone who wants to execute geth db inspect CLI in a pruned db
+	if !disableFreeze && readonly && ReadAncientType(db) == PruneFreezerType {
+		log.Warn("Disk db is pruned, using an empty freezer db for CLI")
+		return NewEmptyFreezeDB(db), nil
+	}
+
 	if pruneAncientData && !disableFreeze && !readonly {
 		frdb, err := newPrunedFreezer(resolveChainFreezerDir(ancient), db, offset)
 		if err != nil {
@ -394,9 +534,18 @@ func NewDatabaseWithFreezer(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, ancient string, namespace st
 	}

 	// Create the idle freezer instance
-	frdb, err := newChainFreezer(resolveChainFreezerDir(ancient), namespace, readonly, offset)
+	frdb, err := newChainFreezer(resolveChainFreezerDir(ancient), namespace, readonly, offset, multiDatabase)
+
+	// We are creating the freezerdb here because the validation logic for db and freezer below requires certain interfaces
+	// that need a database type. Therefore, we are pre-creating it for subsequent use.
+	freezerDb := &freezerdb{
+		ancientRoot:    ancient,
+		KeyValueStore:  db,
+		AncientStore:   frdb,
+		AncientFreezer: frdb,
+	}
 	if err != nil {
-		printChainMetadata(db)
+		printChainMetadata(freezerDb)
 		return nil, err
 	}

@ -432,10 +581,10 @@ func NewDatabaseWithFreezer(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, ancient string, namespace st
 			// the freezer and the key-value store.
 			frgenesis, err := frdb.Ancient(ChainFreezerHashTable, 0)
 			if err != nil {
-				printChainMetadata(db)
+				printChainMetadata(freezerDb)
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to retrieve genesis from ancient %v", err)
 			} else if !bytes.Equal(kvgenesis, frgenesis) {
-				printChainMetadata(db)
+				printChainMetadata(freezerDb)
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("genesis mismatch: %#x (leveldb) != %#x (ancients)", kvgenesis, frgenesis)
 			}
 			// Key-value store and freezer belong to the same network. Ensure that they
@ -443,7 +592,7 @@ func NewDatabaseWithFreezer(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, ancient string, namespace st
 			if kvhash, _ := db.Get(headerHashKey(frozen)); len(kvhash) == 0 {
 				// Subsequent header after the freezer limit is missing from the database.
 				// Reject startup if the database has a more recent head.
-				if head := *ReadHeaderNumber(db, ReadHeadHeaderHash(db)); head > frozen-1 {
+				if head := *ReadHeaderNumber(freezerDb, ReadHeadHeaderHash(freezerDb)); head > frozen-1 {
 					// Find the smallest block stored in the key-value store
 					// in range of [frozen, head]
 					var number uint64
@ -453,7 +602,7 @@ func NewDatabaseWithFreezer(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, ancient string, namespace st
 						}
 					}
 					// We are about to exit on error. Print database metadata before exiting
-					printChainMetadata(db)
+					printChainMetadata(freezerDb)
 					return nil, fmt.Errorf("gap in the chain between ancients [0 - #%d] and leveldb [#%d - #%d] ",
 						frozen-1, number, head)
 				}
@ -468,11 +617,11 @@ func NewDatabaseWithFreezer(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, ancient string, namespace st
 			// store, otherwise we'll end up missing data. We check block #1 to decide
 			// if we froze anything previously or not, but do take care of databases with
 			// only the genesis block.
-			if ReadHeadHeaderHash(db) != common.BytesToHash(kvgenesis) {
+			if ReadHeadHeaderHash(freezerDb) != common.BytesToHash(kvgenesis) {
 				// Key-value store contains more data than the genesis block, make sure we
 				// didn't freeze anything yet.
 				if kvblob, _ := db.Get(headerHashKey(1)); len(kvblob) == 0 {
-					printChainMetadata(db)
+					printChainMetadata(freezerDb)
 					return nil, errors.New("ancient chain segments already extracted, please set --datadir.ancient to the correct path")
 				}
 				// Block #1 is still in the database, we're allowed to init a new freezer
@ -494,12 +643,7 @@ func NewDatabaseWithFreezer(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, ancient string, namespace st
 			frdb.wg.Done()
 		}()
 	}
-	return &freezerdb{
-		ancientRoot:    ancient,
-		KeyValueStore:  db,
-		AncientStore:   frdb,
-		AncientFreezer: frdb,
-	}, nil
+	return freezerDb, nil
 }

 // NewMemoryDatabase creates an ephemeral in-memory key-value database without a
@ -575,6 +719,8 @@ type OpenOptions struct {
 	// Ephemeral means that filesystem sync operations should be avoided: data integrity in the face of
 	// a crash is not important. This option should typically be used in tests.
 	Ephemeral bool
+
+	MultiDataBase bool
 }

 // openKeyValueDatabase opens a disk-based key-value database, e.g. leveldb or pebble.
@ -619,13 +765,13 @@ func Open(o OpenOptions) (ethdb.Database, error) {
 	}
 	if ReadAncientType(kvdb) == PruneFreezerType {
 		if !o.PruneAncientData {
-			log.Warn("Disk db is pruned")
+			log.Warn("NOTICE: You're opening a pruned disk db!")
 		}
 	}
 	if len(o.AncientsDirectory) == 0 {
 		return kvdb, nil
 	}
-	frdb, err := NewDatabaseWithFreezer(kvdb, o.AncientsDirectory, o.Namespace, o.ReadOnly, o.DisableFreeze, o.IsLastOffset, o.PruneAncientData)
+	frdb, err := NewDatabaseWithFreezer(kvdb, o.AncientsDirectory, o.Namespace, o.ReadOnly, o.DisableFreeze, o.IsLastOffset, o.PruneAncientData, o.MultiDataBase)
 	if err != nil {
 		kvdb.Close()
 		return nil, err
@ -748,7 +894,7 @@ func DataTypeByKey(key []byte) DataType {
 				return StateDataType
 			}
 		}
-		for _, meta := range [][]byte{headHeaderKey, headFinalizedBlockKey} {
+		for _, meta := range [][]byte{headHeaderKey, headFinalizedBlockKey, headBlockKey, headFastBlockKey} {
 			if bytes.Equal(key, meta) {
 				return BlockDataType
 			}
@ -769,7 +915,7 @@ func InspectDatabase(db ethdb.Database, keyPrefix, keyStart []byte) error {
 		trieIter = db.StateStore().NewIterator(keyPrefix, nil)
 		defer trieIter.Release()
 	}
-	if db.BlockStore() != db {
+	if db.HasSeparateBlockStore() {
 		blockIter = db.BlockStore().NewIterator(keyPrefix, nil)
 		defer blockIter.Release()
 	}
@ -963,7 +1109,7 @@ func InspectDatabase(db ethdb.Database, keyPrefix, keyStart []byte) error {
 				hashNumPairings.Add(size)
 			default:
 				var accounted bool
-				for _, meta := range [][]byte{headHeaderKey, headFinalizedBlockKey} {
+				for _, meta := range [][]byte{headHeaderKey, headFinalizedBlockKey, headBlockKey, headFastBlockKey} {
 					if bytes.Equal(key, meta) {
 						metadata.Add(size)
 						accounted = true
@ -1113,7 +1259,7 @@ func DeleteTrieState(db ethdb.Database) error {
 }

 // printChainMetadata prints out chain metadata to stderr.
-func printChainMetadata(db ethdb.KeyValueStore) {
+func printChainMetadata(db ethdb.Reader) {
 	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Chain metadata\n")
 	for _, v := range ReadChainMetadata(db) {
 		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "  %s\n", strings.Join(v, ": "))
@ -1124,7 +1270,7 @@ func printChainMetadata(db ethdb.KeyValueStore) {
 // ReadChainMetadata returns a set of key/value pairs that contains information
 // about the database chain status. This can be used for diagnostic purposes
 // when investigating the state of the node.
-func ReadChainMetadata(db ethdb.KeyValueStore) [][]string {
+func ReadChainMetadata(db ethdb.Reader) [][]string {
 	pp := func(val *uint64) string {
 		if val == nil {
 			return "<nil>"
@ -1146,26 +1292,3 @@ func ReadChainMetadata(db ethdb.KeyValueStore) [][]string {
 	}
 	return data
 }
-
-func ReadChainMetadataFromMultiDatabase(db ethdb.Database) [][]string {
-	pp := func(val *uint64) string {
-		if val == nil {
-			return "<nil>"
-		}
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%d (%#x)", *val, *val)
-	}
-	data := [][]string{
-		{"databaseVersion", pp(ReadDatabaseVersion(db))},
-		{"headBlockHash", fmt.Sprintf("%v", ReadHeadBlockHash(db.BlockStore()))},
-		{"headFastBlockHash", fmt.Sprintf("%v", ReadHeadFastBlockHash(db))},
-		{"headHeaderHash", fmt.Sprintf("%v", ReadHeadHeaderHash(db.BlockStore()))},
-		{"lastPivotNumber", pp(ReadLastPivotNumber(db))},
-		{"len(snapshotSyncStatus)", fmt.Sprintf("%d bytes", len(ReadSnapshotSyncStatus(db)))},
-		{"snapshotDisabled", fmt.Sprintf("%v", ReadSnapshotDisabled(db))},
-		{"snapshotJournal", fmt.Sprintf("%d bytes", len(ReadSnapshotJournal(db)))},
-		{"snapshotRecoveryNumber", pp(ReadSnapshotRecoveryNumber(db))},
-		{"snapshotRoot", fmt.Sprintf("%v", ReadSnapshotRoot(db))},
-		{"txIndexTail", pp(ReadTxIndexTail(db))},
-	}
-	return data
-}
--- a/core/rawdb/freezer.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/freezer.go
@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ func (f *Freezer) Ancient(kind string, number uint64) ([]byte, error) {
 //   - if maxBytes is not specified, 'count' items will be returned if they are present.
 func (f *Freezer) AncientRange(kind string, start, count, maxBytes uint64) ([][]byte, error) {
 	if table := f.tables[kind]; table != nil {
-		return table.RetrieveItems(start, count, maxBytes)
+		return table.RetrieveItems(start-f.offset, count, maxBytes)
 	}
 	return nil, errUnknownTable
 }
@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ func (f *Freezer) Ancients() (uint64, error) {
 func (f *Freezer) TableAncients(kind string) (uint64, error) {
 	f.writeLock.RLock()
 	defer f.writeLock.RUnlock()
-	return f.tables[kind].items.Load(), nil
+	return f.tables[kind].items.Load() + f.offset, nil
 }

 // ItemAmountInAncient returns the actual length of current ancientDB.
@ -541,41 +541,6 @@ func gcKvStore(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, ancients []common.Hash, first uint64, fro
 	}
 	batch.Reset()

-	// Step into the future and delete and dangling side chains
-	if frozen > 0 {
-		tip := frozen
-		nfdb := &nofreezedb{KeyValueStore: db}
-		for len(dangling) > 0 {
-			drop := make(map[common.Hash]struct{})
-			for _, hash := range dangling {
-				log.Debug("Dangling parent from freezer", "number", tip-1, "hash", hash)
-				drop[hash] = struct{}{}
-			}
-			children := ReadAllHashes(db, tip)
-			for i := 0; i < len(children); i++ {
-				// Dig up the child and ensure it's dangling
-				child := ReadHeader(nfdb, children[i], tip)
-				if child == nil {
-					log.Error("Missing dangling header", "number", tip, "hash", children[i])
-					continue
-				}
-				if _, ok := drop[child.ParentHash]; !ok {
-					children = append(children[:i], children[i+1:]...)
-					i--
-					continue
-				}
-				// Delete all block data associated with the child
-				log.Debug("Deleting dangling block", "number", tip, "hash", children[i], "parent", child.ParentHash)
-				DeleteBlock(batch, children[i], tip)
-			}
-			dangling = children
-			tip++
-		}
-		if err := batch.Write(); err != nil {
-			log.Crit("Failed to delete dangling side blocks", "err", err)
-		}
-	}
-
 	// Log something friendly for the user
 	context := []interface{}{
 		"blocks", frozen - first, "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)), "number", frozen - 1,
--- a/core/rawdb/freezer_table.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/freezer_table.go
@ -127,6 +127,11 @@ func newFreezerTable(path, name string, disableSnappy, readonly bool) (*freezerT
 	return newTable(path, name, metrics.NilMeter{}, metrics.NilMeter{}, metrics.NilGauge{}, freezerTableSize, disableSnappy, readonly)
 }

+// newAdditionTable opens the given path as a addition table.
+func newAdditionTable(path, name string, disableSnappy, readonly bool) (*freezerTable, error) {
+	return openAdditionTable(path, name, metrics.NilMeter{}, metrics.NilMeter{}, metrics.NilGauge{}, freezerTableSize, disableSnappy, readonly)
+}
+
 // newTable opens a freezer table, creating the data and index files if they are
 // non-existent. Both files are truncated to the shortest common length to ensure
 // they don't go out of sync.
--- a/core/rawdb/metrics.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/metrics.go
@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-package rawdb
-
-import "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/metrics"
-
-var (
-	rawdbGetAccountTrieNodeTimer = metrics.NewRegisteredTimer("rawdb/get/account/trienode/time", nil)
-	rawdbGetStorageTrieNodeTimer = metrics.NewRegisteredTimer("rawdb/get/storage/trienode/time", nil)
-	rawdbGetAccountSnapNodeTimer = metrics.NewRegisteredTimer("rawdb/get/account/snapnode/time", nil)
-	rawdbGetStorageSnapNodeTimer = metrics.NewRegisteredTimer("rawdb/get/storage/snapnode/time", nil)
-)
--- a/core/rawdb/prunedfreezer.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/prunedfreezer.go
@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"

+	"golang.org/x/exp/slices"
+
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
@ -68,26 +70,43 @@ func newPrunedFreezer(datadir string, db ethdb.KeyValueStore, offset uint64) (*p
 func (f *prunedfreezer) repair(datadir string) error {
 	offset := atomic.LoadUint64(&f.frozen)
 	// compatible freezer
-	min := uint64(math.MaxUint64)
+	minItems := uint64(math.MaxUint64)
 	for name, disableSnappy := range chainFreezerNoSnappy {
-		table, err := newFreezerTable(datadir, name, disableSnappy, false)
+		var (
+			table *freezerTable
+			err   error
+		)
+		if slices.Contains(additionTables, name) {
+			table, err = newAdditionTable(datadir, name, disableSnappy, false)
+		} else {
+			table, err = newFreezerTable(datadir, name, disableSnappy, false)
+		}
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+		// addition tables only align head
+		if slices.Contains(additionTables, name) {
+			if EmptyTable(table) {
+				continue
+			}
+		}
 		items := table.items.Load()
-		if min > items {
-			min = items
+		if minItems > items {
+			minItems = items
 		}
 		table.Close()
 	}
-	log.Info("Read ancientdb item counts", "items", min)
-	offset += min

-	if frozen := ReadFrozenOfAncientFreezer(f.db); frozen > offset {
-		offset = frozen
-	}
+	// If the dataset has undergone a prune block, the offset is a non-zero value, otherwise the offset is a zero value.
+	// The minItems is the value relative to offset
+	offset += minItems

-	atomic.StoreUint64(&f.frozen, offset)
+	// FrozenOfAncientFreezer is the progress of the last prune-freezer freeze.
+	frozenInDB := ReadFrozenOfAncientFreezer(f.db)
+	maxOffset := max(offset, frozenInDB)
+	log.Info("Read ancient db item counts", "items", minItems, "frozen", maxOffset)
+
+	atomic.StoreUint64(&f.frozen, maxOffset)
 	if err := f.Sync(); err != nil {
 		return nil
 	}
@ -138,12 +157,12 @@ func (f *prunedfreezer) AncientOffSet() uint64 {

 // MigrateTable processes the entries in a given table in sequence
 // converting them to a new format if they're of an old format.
-func (db *prunedfreezer) MigrateTable(kind string, convert convertLegacyFn) error {
+func (f *prunedfreezer) MigrateTable(kind string, convert convertLegacyFn) error {
 	return errNotSupported
 }

 // AncientDatadir returns an error as we don't have a backing chain freezer.
-func (db *prunedfreezer) AncientDatadir() (string, error) {
+func (f *prunedfreezer) AncientDatadir() (string, error) {
 	return "", errNotSupported
 }

@ -299,9 +318,8 @@ func (f *prunedfreezer) freeze() {
 				log.Error("Append ancient err", "number", f.frozen, "hash", hash, "err", err)
 				break
 			}
-			if hash != (common.Hash{}) {
-				ancients = append(ancients, hash)
-			}
+			// may include common.Hash{}, will be delete in gcKvStore
+			ancients = append(ancients, hash)
 		}
 		// Batch of blocks have been frozen, flush them before wiping from leveldb
 		if err := f.Sync(); err != nil {
--- a/core/rawdb/table.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/table.go
@ -43,6 +43,10 @@ func (t *table) SetBlockStore(block ethdb.Database) {
 	panic("not implement")
 }

+func (t *table) HasSeparateBlockStore() bool {
+	panic("not implement")
+}
+
 // NewTable returns a database object that prefixes all keys with a given string.
 func NewTable(db ethdb.Database, prefix string) ethdb.Database {
 	return &table{
@ -247,6 +251,10 @@ func (t *table) SetStateStore(state ethdb.Database) {
 	panic("not implement")
 }

+func (t *table) GetStateStore() ethdb.Database {
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (t *table) StateStoreReader() ethdb.Reader {
 	return nil
 }
--- a/core/state/pruner/pruner.go
+++ b/core/state/pruner/pruner.go
@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ func (p *BlockPruner) backUpOldDb(name string, cache, handles int, namespace str
 	log.Info("chainDB opened successfully")

 	// Get the number of items in old ancient db.
-	itemsOfAncient, err := chainDb.ItemAmountInAncient()
+	itemsOfAncient, err := chainDb.BlockStore().ItemAmountInAncient()
 	log.Info("the number of items in ancientDB is ", "itemsOfAncient", itemsOfAncient)

 	// If we can't access the freezer or it's empty, abort.
--- a/core/state/snapshot/snapshot.go
+++ b/core/state/snapshot/snapshot.go
@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ func New(config Config, diskdb ethdb.KeyValueStore, triedb *triedb.Database, roo
 		snap.layers[head.Root()] = head
 		head = head.Parent()
 	}
-	log.Info("Snapshot loaded", "diskRoot", snap.diskRoot(), "root", root, "snapshot_cache_size", common.StorageSize(config.CacheSize)*1024*1024)
+	log.Info("Snapshot loaded", "diskRoot", snap.diskRoot(), "root", root)
 	return snap, nil
 }

--- a/core/state/statedb.go
+++ b/core/state/statedb.go
@ -933,8 +933,8 @@ func (s *StateDB) copyInternal(doPrefetch bool) *StateDB {
 	// along with their original values.
 	state.accounts = copySet(s.accounts)
 	state.storages = copy2DSet(s.storages)
-	state.accountsOrigin = copySet(state.accountsOrigin)
-	state.storagesOrigin = copy2DSet(state.storagesOrigin)
+	state.accountsOrigin = copySet(s.accountsOrigin)
+	state.storagesOrigin = copy2DSet(s.storagesOrigin)

 	// Deep copy the logs occurred in the scope of block
 	for hash, logs := range s.logs {
--- a/core/state/sync.go
+++ b/core/state/sync.go
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import (
 )

 // NewStateSync creates a new state trie download scheduler.
-func NewStateSync(root common.Hash, database ethdb.KeyValueReader, onLeaf func(keys [][]byte, leaf []byte) error, scheme string) *trie.Sync {
+func NewStateSync(root common.Hash, database ethdb.Database, onLeaf func(keys [][]byte, leaf []byte) error, scheme string) *trie.Sync {
 	// Register the storage slot callback if the external callback is specified.
 	var onSlot func(keys [][]byte, path []byte, leaf []byte, parent common.Hash, parentPath []byte) error
 	if onLeaf != nil {
--- a/core/state/sync_test.go
+++ b/core/state/sync_test.go
@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ func testIterativeStateSync(t *testing.T, count int, commit bool, bypath bool, s
 			}
 		}
 		batch := dstDb.NewBatch()
-		if err := sched.Commit(batch); err != nil {
+		if err := sched.Commit(batch, nil); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("failed to commit data: %v", err)
 		}
 		batch.Write()
@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ func testIterativeDelayedStateSync(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 			nodeProcessed = len(nodeResults)
 		}
 		batch := dstDb.NewBatch()
-		if err := sched.Commit(batch); err != nil {
+		if err := sched.Commit(batch, nil); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("failed to commit data: %v", err)
 		}
 		batch.Write()
@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ func testIterativeRandomStateSync(t *testing.T, count int, scheme string) {
 			}
 		}
 		batch := dstDb.NewBatch()
-		if err := sched.Commit(batch); err != nil {
+		if err := sched.Commit(batch, nil); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("failed to commit data: %v", err)
 		}
 		batch.Write()
@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ func testIterativeRandomDelayedStateSync(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 			}
 		}
 		batch := dstDb.NewBatch()
-		if err := sched.Commit(batch); err != nil {
+		if err := sched.Commit(batch, nil); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("failed to commit data: %v", err)
 		}
 		batch.Write()
@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ func testIncompleteStateSync(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 			}
 		}
 		batch := dstDb.NewBatch()
-		if err := sched.Commit(batch); err != nil {
+		if err := sched.Commit(batch, nil); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("failed to commit data: %v", err)
 		}
 		batch.Write()
--- a/core/state_processor.go
+++ b/core/state_processor.go
@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
-	"time"

 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus"
@ -30,14 +29,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/metrics"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 )

-var (
-	processTxTimer = metrics.NewRegisteredTimer("process/tx/time", nil)
-)
-
 // StateProcessor is a basic Processor, which takes care of transitioning
 // state from one point to another.
 //
@ -110,10 +104,6 @@ func (p *StateProcessor) Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, cfg
 	systemTxs := make([]*types.Transaction, 0, 2)

 	for i, tx := range block.Transactions() {
-		if metrics.EnabledExpensive {
-			start := time.Now()
-			defer processTxTimer.UpdateSince(start)
-		}
 		if isPoSA {
 			if isSystemTx, err := posa.IsSystemTransaction(tx, block.Header()); err != nil {
 				bloomProcessors.Close()
@ -241,6 +231,13 @@ func ApplyTransaction(config *params.ChainConfig, bc ChainContext, author *commo
 // ProcessBeaconBlockRoot applies the EIP-4788 system call to the beacon block root
 // contract. This method is exported to be used in tests.
 func ProcessBeaconBlockRoot(beaconRoot common.Hash, vmenv *vm.EVM, statedb *state.StateDB) {
+	// Return immediately if beaconRoot equals the zero hash when using the Parlia engine.
+	if beaconRoot == (common.Hash{}) {
+		if chainConfig := vmenv.ChainConfig(); chainConfig != nil && chainConfig.Parlia != nil {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
 	// If EIP-4788 is enabled, we need to invoke the beaconroot storage contract with
 	// the new root
 	msg := &Message{
--- a/core/systemcontracts/bohr/chapel/StakeHubContract
+++ b/core/systemcontracts/bohr/chapel/StakeHubContract
--- a/core/systemcontracts/bohr/chapel/ValidatorContract
+++ b/core/systemcontracts/bohr/chapel/ValidatorContract
--- a/core/systemcontracts/bohr/mainnet/StakeHubContract
+++ b/core/systemcontracts/bohr/mainnet/StakeHubContract
--- a/core/systemcontracts/bohr/mainnet/ValidatorContract
+++ b/core/systemcontracts/bohr/mainnet/ValidatorContract
--- a/core/systemcontracts/bohr/rialto/StakeHubContract
+++ b/core/systemcontracts/bohr/rialto/StakeHubContract
--- a/core/systemcontracts/bohr/rialto/ValidatorContract
+++ b/core/systemcontracts/bohr/rialto/ValidatorContract
--- a/core/systemcontracts/bohr/types.go
+++ b/core/systemcontracts/bohr/types.go
@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package bohr
+
+import _ "embed"
+
+// contract codes for Mainnet upgrade
+var (
+	//go:embed mainnet/ValidatorContract
+	MainnetValidatorContract string
+	//go:embed mainnet/StakeHubContract
+	MainnetStakeHubContract string
+)
+
+// contract codes for Chapel upgrade
+var (
+	//go:embed chapel/ValidatorContract
+	ChapelValidatorContract string
+	//go:embed chapel/StakeHubContract
+	ChapelStakeHubContract string
+)
+
+// contract codes for Rialto upgrade
+var (
+	//go:embed rialto/ValidatorContract
+	RialtoValidatorContract string
+	//go:embed rialto/StakeHubContract
+	RialtoStakeHubContract string
+)
--- a/core/systemcontracts/haber_fix/chapel/SlashContract
+++ b/core/systemcontracts/haber_fix/chapel/SlashContract
--- a/core/systemcontracts/haber_fix/chapel/ValidatorContract
+++ b/core/systemcontracts/haber_fix/chapel/ValidatorContract
--- a/core/systemcontracts/haber_fix/mainnet/SlashContract
+++ b/core/systemcontracts/haber_fix/mainnet/SlashContract
--- a/core/systemcontracts/haber_fix/mainnet/ValidatorContract
+++ b/core/systemcontracts/haber_fix/mainnet/ValidatorContract
--- a/core/systemcontracts/haber_fix/types.go
+++ b/core/systemcontracts/haber_fix/types.go
@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package haber_fix
+
+import _ "embed"
+
+// contract codes for Chapel upgrade
+var (
+	//go:embed chapel/ValidatorContract
+	ChapelValidatorContract string
+	//go:embed chapel/SlashContract
+	ChapelSlashContract string
+)
+
+// contract codes for Mainnet upgrade
+var (
+	//go:embed mainnet/ValidatorContract
+	MainnetValidatorContract string
+	//go:embed mainnet/SlashContract
+	MainnetSlashContract string
+)
--- a/core/systemcontracts/upgrade.go
+++ b/core/systemcontracts/upgrade.go
@ -4,17 +4,17 @@ import (
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"

 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
-
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/systemcontracts/bohr"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/systemcontracts/bruno"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/systemcontracts/euler"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/systemcontracts/feynman"
 	feynmanFix "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/systemcontracts/feynman_fix"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/systemcontracts/gibbs"
+	haberFix "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/systemcontracts/haber_fix"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/systemcontracts/kepler"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/systemcontracts/luban"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/systemcontracts/mirror"
@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/systemcontracts/planck"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/systemcontracts/plato"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/systemcontracts/ramanujan"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 )

 type UpgradeConfig struct {
@ -38,7 +41,7 @@ type Upgrade struct {
 	Configs     []*UpgradeConfig
 }

-type upgradeHook func(blockNumber *big.Int, contractAddr common.Address, statedb *state.StateDB) error
+type upgradeHook func(blockNumber *big.Int, contractAddr common.Address, statedb vm.StateDB) error

 const (
 	mainNet    = "Mainnet"
@ -75,6 +78,10 @@ var (
 	feynmanUpgrade = make(map[string]*Upgrade)

 	feynmanFixUpgrade = make(map[string]*Upgrade)
+
+	haberFixUpgrade = make(map[string]*Upgrade)
+
+	bohrUpgrade = make(map[string]*Upgrade)
 )

 func init() {
@ -701,12 +708,93 @@ func init() {
 			},
 		},
 	}
+
+	haberFixUpgrade[mainNet] = &Upgrade{
+		UpgradeName: "haberFix",
+		Configs: []*UpgradeConfig{
+			{
+				ContractAddr: common.HexToAddress(ValidatorContract),
+				CommitUrl:    "https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc-genesis-contract/commit/b743ce3f1f1e94c349b175cd6593bc263463b33b",
+				Code:         haberFix.MainnetValidatorContract,
+			},
+			{
+				ContractAddr: common.HexToAddress(SlashContract),
+				CommitUrl:    "https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc-genesis-contract/commit/b743ce3f1f1e94c349b175cd6593bc263463b33b",
+				Code:         haberFix.MainnetSlashContract,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	haberFixUpgrade[chapelNet] = &Upgrade{
+		UpgradeName: "haberFix",
+		Configs: []*UpgradeConfig{
+			{
+				ContractAddr: common.HexToAddress(ValidatorContract),
+				CommitUrl:    "https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc-genesis-contract/commit/b743ce3f1f1e94c349b175cd6593bc263463b33b",
+				Code:         haberFix.ChapelValidatorContract,
+			},
+			{
+				ContractAddr: common.HexToAddress(SlashContract),
+				CommitUrl:    "https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc-genesis-contract/commit/b743ce3f1f1e94c349b175cd6593bc263463b33b",
+				Code:         haberFix.ChapelSlashContract,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	bohrUpgrade[mainNet] = &Upgrade{
+		UpgradeName: "bohr",
+		Configs: []*UpgradeConfig{
+			{
+				ContractAddr: common.HexToAddress(ValidatorContract),
+				CommitUrl:    "https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc-genesis-contract/commit/398c9364aad5261c1ecd90ac3ab2df89b65c45e3",
+				Code:         bohr.MainnetValidatorContract,
+			},
+			{
+				ContractAddr: common.HexToAddress(StakeHubContract),
+				CommitUrl:    "https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc-genesis-contract/commit/398c9364aad5261c1ecd90ac3ab2df89b65c45e3",
+				Code:         bohr.MainnetStakeHubContract,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	bohrUpgrade[chapelNet] = &Upgrade{
+		UpgradeName: "bohr",
+		Configs: []*UpgradeConfig{
+			{
+				ContractAddr: common.HexToAddress(ValidatorContract),
+				CommitUrl:    "https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc-genesis-contract/commit/398c9364aad5261c1ecd90ac3ab2df89b65c45e3",
+				Code:         bohr.ChapelValidatorContract,
+			},
+			{
+				ContractAddr: common.HexToAddress(StakeHubContract),
+				CommitUrl:    "https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc-genesis-contract/commit/398c9364aad5261c1ecd90ac3ab2df89b65c45e3",
+				Code:         bohr.ChapelStakeHubContract,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	bohrUpgrade[rialtoNet] = &Upgrade{
+		UpgradeName: "bohr",
+		Configs: []*UpgradeConfig{
+			{
+				ContractAddr: common.HexToAddress(ValidatorContract),
+				CommitUrl:    "https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc-genesis-contract/commit/398c9364aad5261c1ecd90ac3ab2df89b65c45e3",
+				Code:         bohr.RialtoValidatorContract,
+			},
+			{
+				ContractAddr: common.HexToAddress(StakeHubContract),
+				CommitUrl:    "https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc-genesis-contract/commit/398c9364aad5261c1ecd90ac3ab2df89b65c45e3",
+				Code:         bohr.RialtoStakeHubContract,
+			},
+		},
+	}
 }

-func UpgradeBuildInSystemContract(config *params.ChainConfig, blockNumber *big.Int, lastBlockTime uint64, blockTime uint64, statedb *state.StateDB) {
-	if config == nil || blockNumber == nil || statedb == nil {
+func UpgradeBuildInSystemContract(config *params.ChainConfig, blockNumber *big.Int, lastBlockTime uint64, blockTime uint64, statedb vm.StateDB) {
+	if config == nil || blockNumber == nil || statedb == nil || reflect.ValueOf(statedb).IsNil() {
 		return
 	}
+
 	var network string
 	switch GenesisHash {
 	/* Add mainnet genesis hash */
@ -777,12 +865,20 @@ func UpgradeBuildInSystemContract(config *params.ChainConfig, blockNumber *big.I
 		applySystemContractUpgrade(feynmanFixUpgrade[network], blockNumber, statedb, logger)
 	}

+	if config.IsOnHaberFix(blockNumber, lastBlockTime, blockTime) {
+		applySystemContractUpgrade(haberFixUpgrade[network], blockNumber, statedb, logger)
+	}
+
+	if config.IsOnBohr(blockNumber, lastBlockTime, blockTime) {
+		applySystemContractUpgrade(bohrUpgrade[network], blockNumber, statedb, logger)
+	}
+
 	/*
 		apply other upgrades
 	*/
 }

-func applySystemContractUpgrade(upgrade *Upgrade, blockNumber *big.Int, statedb *state.StateDB, logger log.Logger) {
+func applySystemContractUpgrade(upgrade *Upgrade, blockNumber *big.Int, statedb vm.StateDB, logger log.Logger) {
 	if upgrade == nil {
 		logger.Info("Empty upgrade config", "height", blockNumber.String())
 		return
@ -799,7 +895,7 @@ func applySystemContractUpgrade(upgrade *Upgrade, blockNumber *big.Int, statedb
 			}
 		}

-		newContractCode, err := hex.DecodeString(cfg.Code)
+		newContractCode, err := hex.DecodeString(strings.TrimSpace(cfg.Code))
 		if err != nil {
 			panic(fmt.Errorf("failed to decode new contract code: %s", err.Error()))
 		}
--- a/core/systemcontracts/upgrade_test.go
+++ b/core/systemcontracts/upgrade_test.go
@ -2,9 +2,13 @@ package systemcontracts

 import (
 	"crypto/sha256"
+	"math/big"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )

@ -39,3 +43,31 @@ func TestAllCodesHash(t *testing.T) {
 	allCodeHash := sha256.Sum256(allCodes)
 	require.Equal(t, allCodeHash[:], common.Hex2Bytes("833cc0fc87c46ad8a223e44ccfdc16a51a7e7383525136441bd0c730f06023df"))
 }
+
+func TestUpgradeBuildInSystemContractNilInterface(t *testing.T) {
+	var (
+		config               = params.BSCChainConfig
+		blockNumber          = big.NewInt(37959559)
+		lastBlockTime uint64 = 1713419337
+		blockTime     uint64 = 1713419340
+		statedb       vm.StateDB
+	)
+
+	GenesisHash = params.BSCGenesisHash
+
+	UpgradeBuildInSystemContract(config, blockNumber, lastBlockTime, blockTime, statedb)
+}
+
+func TestUpgradeBuildInSystemContractNilValue(t *testing.T) {
+	var (
+		config                   = params.BSCChainConfig
+		blockNumber              = big.NewInt(37959559)
+		lastBlockTime uint64     = 1713419337
+		blockTime     uint64     = 1713419340
+		statedb       vm.StateDB = (*state.StateDB)(nil)
+	)
+
+	GenesisHash = params.BSCGenesisHash
+
+	UpgradeBuildInSystemContract(config, blockNumber, lastBlockTime, blockTime, statedb)
+}
--- a/core/txindexer.go
+++ b/core/txindexer.go
@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ type txIndexer struct {

 // newTxIndexer initializes the transaction indexer.
 func newTxIndexer(limit uint64, chain *BlockChain) *txIndexer {
-	limit = 0
 	indexer := &txIndexer{
 		limit:    limit,
 		db:       chain.db,
--- a/core/txindexer_test.go
+++ b/core/txindexer_test.go
@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ func TestTxIndexer(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	for _, c := range cases {
 		frdir := t.TempDir()
-		db, _ := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), frdir, "", false, false, false, false)
+		db, _ := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), frdir, "", false, false, false, false, false)
 		rawdb.WriteAncientBlocks(db, append([]*types.Block{gspec.ToBlock()}, blocks...), append([]types.Receipts{{}}, receipts...), big.NewInt(0))

 		// Index the initial blocks from ancient store
--- a/core/types/bid.go
+++ b/core/types/bid.go
@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"

+	mapset "github.com/deckarep/golang-set/v2"
+
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
@ -40,6 +42,12 @@ func (b *BidArgs) ToBid(builder common.Address, signer Signer) (*Bid, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}

+	if len(b.RawBid.UnRevertible) > len(txs) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("expect NonRevertible no more than %d", len(txs))
+	}
+	unRevertibleHashes := mapset.NewThreadUnsafeSetWithSize[common.Hash](len(b.RawBid.UnRevertible))
+	unRevertibleHashes.Append(b.RawBid.UnRevertible...)
+
 	if len(b.PayBidTx) != 0 {
 		var payBidTx = new(Transaction)
 		err = payBidTx.UnmarshalBinary(b.PayBidTx)
@ -51,14 +59,15 @@ func (b *BidArgs) ToBid(builder common.Address, signer Signer) (*Bid, error) {
 	}

 	bid := &Bid{
-		Builder:     builder,
-		BlockNumber: b.RawBid.BlockNumber,
-		ParentHash:  b.RawBid.ParentHash,
-		Txs:         txs,
-		GasUsed:     b.RawBid.GasUsed + b.PayBidTxGasUsed,
-		GasFee:      b.RawBid.GasFee,
-		BuilderFee:  b.RawBid.BuilderFee,
-		rawBid:      *b.RawBid,
+		Builder:      builder,
+		BlockNumber:  b.RawBid.BlockNumber,
+		ParentHash:   b.RawBid.ParentHash,
+		Txs:          txs,
+		UnRevertible: unRevertibleHashes,
+		GasUsed:      b.RawBid.GasUsed + b.PayBidTxGasUsed,
+		GasFee:       b.RawBid.GasFee,
+		BuilderFee:   b.RawBid.BuilderFee,
+		rawBid:       *b.RawBid,
 	}

 	if bid.BuilderFee == nil {
@ -70,12 +79,13 @@ func (b *BidArgs) ToBid(builder common.Address, signer Signer) (*Bid, error) {

 // RawBid represents a raw bid from builder directly.
 type RawBid struct {
-	BlockNumber uint64          `json:"blockNumber"`
-	ParentHash  common.Hash     `json:"parentHash"`
-	Txs         []hexutil.Bytes `json:"txs"`
-	GasUsed     uint64          `json:"gasUsed"`
-	GasFee      *big.Int        `json:"gasFee"`
-	BuilderFee  *big.Int        `json:"builderFee"`
+	BlockNumber  uint64          `json:"blockNumber"`
+	ParentHash   common.Hash     `json:"parentHash"`
+	Txs          []hexutil.Bytes `json:"txs"`
+	UnRevertible []common.Hash   `json:"unRevertible"`
+	GasUsed      uint64          `json:"gasUsed"`
+	GasFee       *big.Int        `json:"gasFee"`
+	BuilderFee   *big.Int        `json:"builderFee"`

 	hash atomic.Value
 }
@ -154,13 +164,14 @@ func (b *RawBid) Hash() common.Hash {

 // Bid represents a bid.
 type Bid struct {
-	Builder     common.Address
-	BlockNumber uint64
-	ParentHash  common.Hash
-	Txs         Transactions
-	GasUsed     uint64
-	GasFee      *big.Int
-	BuilderFee  *big.Int
+	Builder      common.Address
+	BlockNumber  uint64
+	ParentHash   common.Hash
+	Txs          Transactions
+	UnRevertible mapset.Set[common.Hash]
+	GasUsed      uint64
+	GasFee       *big.Int
+	BuilderFee   *big.Int

 	rawBid RawBid
 }
@ -182,5 +193,7 @@ type MevParams struct {
 	ValidatorCommission   uint64 // 100 means 1%
 	BidSimulationLeftOver time.Duration
 	GasCeil               uint64
+	GasPrice              *big.Int // Minimum avg gas price for bid block
 	BuilderFeeCeil        *big.Int
+	Version               string
 }
--- a/core/types/blob_sidecar.go
+++ b/core/types/blob_sidecar.go
@ -2,10 +2,12 @@ package types

 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"math/big"

 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 )

@ -53,3 +55,40 @@ func (s *BlobSidecar) SanityCheck(blockNumber *big.Int, blockHash common.Hash) e
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+func (s *BlobSidecar) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	fields := map[string]interface{}{
+		"blockHash":   s.BlockHash,
+		"blockNumber": hexutil.EncodeUint64(s.BlockNumber.Uint64()),
+		"txHash":      s.TxHash,
+		"txIndex":     hexutil.EncodeUint64(s.TxIndex),
+	}
+	fields["blobSidecar"] = s.BlobTxSidecar
+	return json.Marshal(fields)
+}
+
+func (s *BlobSidecar) UnmarshalJSON(input []byte) error {
+	type blobSidecar struct {
+		BlobSidecar BlobTxSidecar `json:"blobSidecar"`
+		BlockNumber *hexutil.Big  `json:"blockNumber"`
+		BlockHash   common.Hash   `json:"blockHash"`
+		TxIndex     *hexutil.Big  `json:"txIndex"`
+		TxHash      common.Hash   `json:"txHash"`
+	}
+	var blob blobSidecar
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(input, &blob); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	s.BlobTxSidecar = blob.BlobSidecar
+	if blob.BlockNumber == nil {
+		return errors.New("missing required field 'blockNumber' for BlobSidecar")
+	}
+	s.BlockNumber = blob.BlockNumber.ToInt()
+	s.BlockHash = blob.BlockHash
+	if blob.TxIndex == nil {
+		return errors.New("missing required field 'txIndex' for BlobSidecar")
+	}
+	s.TxIndex = blob.TxIndex.ToInt().Uint64()
+	s.TxHash = blob.TxHash
+	return nil
+}
--- a/core/types/block.go
+++ b/core/types/block.go
@ -673,10 +673,7 @@ type DiffAccountsInBlock struct {
 	Transactions []DiffAccountsInTx
 }

-var (
-	extraVanity = 32 // Fixed number of extra-data prefix bytes reserved for signer vanity
-	extraSeal   = 65 // Fixed number of extra-data suffix bytes reserved for signer seal
-)
+var extraSeal = 65 // Fixed number of extra-data suffix bytes reserved for signer seal

 // SealHash returns the hash of a block prior to it being sealed.
 func SealHash(header *Header, chainId *big.Int) (hash common.Hash) {
@ -687,48 +684,51 @@ func SealHash(header *Header, chainId *big.Int) (hash common.Hash) {
 }

 func EncodeSigHeader(w io.Writer, header *Header, chainId *big.Int) {
-	err := rlp.Encode(w, []interface{}{
-		chainId,
-		header.ParentHash,
-		header.UncleHash,
-		header.Coinbase,
-		header.Root,
-		header.TxHash,
-		header.ReceiptHash,
-		header.Bloom,
-		header.Difficulty,
-		header.Number,
-		header.GasLimit,
-		header.GasUsed,
-		header.Time,
-		header.Extra[:len(header.Extra)-extraSeal], // this will panic if extra is too short, should check before calling encodeSigHeader
-		header.MixDigest,
-		header.Nonce,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		panic("can't encode: " + err.Error())
-	}
-}
-
-func EncodeSigHeaderWithoutVoteAttestation(w io.Writer, header *Header, chainId *big.Int) {
-	err := rlp.Encode(w, []interface{}{
-		chainId,
-		header.ParentHash,
-		header.UncleHash,
-		header.Coinbase,
-		header.Root,
-		header.TxHash,
-		header.ReceiptHash,
-		header.Bloom,
-		header.Difficulty,
-		header.Number,
-		header.GasLimit,
-		header.GasUsed,
-		header.Time,
-		header.Extra[:extraVanity], // this will panic if extra is too short, should check before calling encodeSigHeaderWithoutVoteAttestation
-		header.MixDigest,
-		header.Nonce,
-	})
+	var err error
+	if header.ParentBeaconRoot != nil && *header.ParentBeaconRoot == (common.Hash{}) {
+		err = rlp.Encode(w, []interface{}{
+			chainId,
+			header.ParentHash,
+			header.UncleHash,
+			header.Coinbase,
+			header.Root,
+			header.TxHash,
+			header.ReceiptHash,
+			header.Bloom,
+			header.Difficulty,
+			header.Number,
+			header.GasLimit,
+			header.GasUsed,
+			header.Time,
+			header.Extra[:len(header.Extra)-extraSeal], // this will panic if extra is too short, should check before calling encodeSigHeader
+			header.MixDigest,
+			header.Nonce,
+			header.BaseFee,
+			header.WithdrawalsHash,
+			header.BlobGasUsed,
+			header.ExcessBlobGas,
+			header.ParentBeaconRoot,
+		})
+	} else {
+		err = rlp.Encode(w, []interface{}{
+			chainId,
+			header.ParentHash,
+			header.UncleHash,
+			header.Coinbase,
+			header.Root,
+			header.TxHash,
+			header.ReceiptHash,
+			header.Bloom,
+			header.Difficulty,
+			header.Number,
+			header.GasLimit,
+			header.GasUsed,
+			header.Time,
+			header.Extra[:len(header.Extra)-extraSeal], // this will panic if extra is too short, should check before calling encodeSigHeader
+			header.MixDigest,
+			header.Nonce,
+		})
+	}
 	if err != nil {
 		panic("can't encode: " + err.Error())
 	}
--- a/core/vm/contracts.go
+++ b/core/vm/contracts.go
@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto/bn256"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto/kzg4844"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto/secp256k1"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto/secp256r1"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
@ -247,6 +248,36 @@ var PrecompiledContractsCancun = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{105}): &secp256k1SignatureRecover{},
 }

+// PrecompiledContractsHaber contains the default set of pre-compiled Ethereum
+// contracts used in the Haber release.
+var PrecompiledContractsHaber = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{1}):    &ecrecover{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{2}):    &sha256hash{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{3}):    &ripemd160hash{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{4}):    &dataCopy{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{5}):    &bigModExp{eip2565: true},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{6}):    &bn256AddIstanbul{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{7}):    &bn256ScalarMulIstanbul{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{8}):    &bn256PairingIstanbul{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{9}):    &blake2F{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x0a}): &kzgPointEvaluation{},
+
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{100}): &tmHeaderValidate{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{101}): &iavlMerkleProofValidatePlato{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{102}): &blsSignatureVerify{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{103}): &cometBFTLightBlockValidateHertz{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{104}): &verifyDoubleSignEvidence{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{105}): &secp256k1SignatureRecover{},
+
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x01, 0x00}): &p256Verify{},
+}
+
+// PrecompiledContractsP256Verify contains the precompiled Ethereum
+// contract specified in EIP-7212. This is exported for testing purposes.
+var PrecompiledContractsP256Verify = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x01, 0x00}): &p256Verify{},
+}
+
 // PrecompiledContractsBLS contains the set of pre-compiled Ethereum
 // contracts specified in EIP-2537. These are exported for testing purposes.
 var PrecompiledContractsBLS = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{
@ -262,6 +293,7 @@ var PrecompiledContractsBLS = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{
 }

 var (
+	PrecompiledAddressesHaber     []common.Address
 	PrecompiledAddressesCancun    []common.Address
 	PrecompiledAddressesFeynman   []common.Address
 	PrecompiledAddressesHertz     []common.Address
@ -313,11 +345,16 @@ func init() {
 	for k := range PrecompiledContractsCancun {
 		PrecompiledAddressesCancun = append(PrecompiledAddressesCancun, k)
 	}
+	for k := range PrecompiledContractsHaber {
+		PrecompiledAddressesHaber = append(PrecompiledAddressesHaber, k)
+	}
 }

 // ActivePrecompiles returns the precompiles enabled with the current configuration.
 func ActivePrecompiles(rules params.Rules) []common.Address {
 	switch {
+	case rules.IsHaber:
+		return PrecompiledAddressesHaber
 	case rules.IsCancun:
 		return PrecompiledAddressesCancun
 	case rules.IsFeynman:
@ -1389,6 +1426,40 @@ func kZGToVersionedHash(kzg kzg4844.Commitment) common.Hash {
 	return h
 }

+// P256VERIFY (secp256r1 signature verification)
+// implemented as a native contract
+type p256Verify struct{}
+
+// RequiredGas returns the gas required to execute the precompiled contract
+func (c *p256Verify) RequiredGas(input []byte) uint64 {
+	return params.P256VerifyGas
+}
+
+// Run executes the precompiled contract with given 160 bytes of param, returning the output and the used gas
+func (c *p256Verify) Run(input []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	// Required input length is 160 bytes
+	const p256VerifyInputLength = 160
+	// Check the input length
+	if len(input) != p256VerifyInputLength {
+		// Input length is invalid
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	// Extract the hash, r, s, x, y from the input
+	hash := input[0:32]
+	r, s := new(big.Int).SetBytes(input[32:64]), new(big.Int).SetBytes(input[64:96])
+	x, y := new(big.Int).SetBytes(input[96:128]), new(big.Int).SetBytes(input[128:160])
+
+	// Verify the secp256r1 signature
+	if secp256r1.Verify(hash, r, s, x, y) {
+		// Signature is valid
+		return common.LeftPadBytes(common.Big1.Bytes(), 32), nil
+	} else {
+		// Signature is invalid
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+}
+
 // verifyDoubleSignEvidence implements bsc header verification precompile.
 type verifyDoubleSignEvidence struct{}

--- a/core/vm/contracts_test.go
+++ b/core/vm/contracts_test.go
@ -46,17 +46,19 @@ type precompiledFailureTest struct {
 // allPrecompiles does not map to the actual set of precompiles, as it also contains
 // repriced versions of precompiles at certain slots
 var allPrecompiles = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{
-	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{1}):          &ecrecover{},
-	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{2}):          &sha256hash{},
-	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{3}):          &ripemd160hash{},
-	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{4}):          &dataCopy{},
-	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{5}):          &bigModExp{eip2565: false},
-	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0xf5}):       &bigModExp{eip2565: true},
-	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{6}):          &bn256AddIstanbul{},
-	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{7}):          &bn256ScalarMulIstanbul{},
-	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{8}):          &bn256PairingIstanbul{},
-	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{9}):          &blake2F{},
-	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x0a}):       &kzgPointEvaluation{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{1}):    &ecrecover{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{2}):    &sha256hash{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{3}):    &ripemd160hash{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{4}):    &dataCopy{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{5}):    &bigModExp{eip2565: false},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0xf5}): &bigModExp{eip2565: true},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{6}):    &bn256AddIstanbul{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{7}):    &bn256ScalarMulIstanbul{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{8}):    &bn256PairingIstanbul{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{9}):    &blake2F{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x0a}): &kzgPointEvaluation{},
+
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x01, 0x00}): &p256Verify{},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x0f, 0x0a}): &bls12381G1Add{},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x0f, 0x0b}): &bls12381G1Mul{},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x0f, 0x0c}): &bls12381G1MultiExp{},
@ -407,6 +409,18 @@ func BenchmarkPrecompiledBLS12381G2MultiExpWorstCase(b *testing.B) {
 	benchmarkPrecompiled("0f", testcase, b)
 }

+// Benchmarks the sample inputs from the P256VERIFY precompile.
+func BenchmarkPrecompiledP256Verify(bench *testing.B) {
+	t := precompiledTest{
+		Input:    "4cee90eb86eaa050036147a12d49004b6b9c72bd725d39d4785011fe190f0b4da73bd4903f0ce3b639bbbf6e8e80d16931ff4bcf5993d58468e8fb19086e8cac36dbcd03009df8c59286b162af3bd7fcc0450c9aa81be5d10d312af6c66b1d604aebd3099c618202fcfe16ae7770b0c49ab5eadf74b754204a3bb6060e44eff37618b065f9832de4ca6ca971a7a1adc826d0f7c00181a5fb2ddf79ae00b4e10e",
+		Expected: "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
+		Name:     "p256Verify",
+	}
+	benchmarkPrecompiled("100", t, bench)
+}
+
+func TestPrecompiledP256Verify(t *testing.T) { testJson("p256Verify", "100", t) }
+
 func TestDoubleSignSlash(t *testing.T) {
 	tc := precompiledTest{
 		Input:    "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",
--- a/core/vm/evm.go
+++ b/core/vm/evm.go
@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ type (
 func (evm *EVM) precompile(addr common.Address) (PrecompiledContract, bool) {
 	var precompiles map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract
 	switch {
+	case evm.chainRules.IsHaber:
+		precompiles = PrecompiledContractsHaber
 	case evm.chainRules.IsCancun:
 		precompiles = PrecompiledContractsCancun
 	case evm.chainRules.IsFeynman:
--- a/core/vm/testdata/precompiles/p256Verify.json
+++ b/core/vm/testdata/precompiles/p256Verify.json
--- a/core/vote/vote_manager.go
+++ b/core/vote/vote_manager.go
@ -3,10 +3,13 @@ package vote
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
+	"math/big"
 	"sync"
+	"time"

 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/parlia"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/downloader"
@ -17,7 +20,13 @@ import (

 const blocksNumberSinceMining = 5 // the number of blocks need to wait before voting, counting from the validator begin to mine

+var diffInTurn = big.NewInt(2) // Block difficulty for in-turn signatures
 var votesManagerCounter = metrics.NewRegisteredCounter("votesManager/local", nil)
+var notJustified = metrics.NewRegisteredCounter("votesManager/notJustified", nil)
+var inTurnJustified = metrics.NewRegisteredCounter("votesManager/inTurnJustified", nil)
+var notInTurnJustified = metrics.NewRegisteredCounter("votesManager/notInTurnJustified", nil)
+var continuousJustified = metrics.NewRegisteredCounter("votesManager/continuousJustified", nil)
+var notContinuousJustified = metrics.NewRegisteredCounter("votesManager/notContinuousJustified", nil)

 // Backend wraps all methods required for voting.
 type Backend interface {
@ -31,8 +40,8 @@ type VoteManager struct {

 	chain *core.BlockChain

-	chainHeadCh  chan core.ChainHeadEvent
-	chainHeadSub event.Subscription
+	highestVerifiedBlockCh  chan core.HighestVerifiedBlockEvent
+	highestVerifiedBlockSub event.Subscription

 	// used for backup validators to sync votes from corresponding mining validator
 	syncVoteCh  chan core.NewVoteEvent
@ -47,12 +56,12 @@ type VoteManager struct {

 func NewVoteManager(eth Backend, chain *core.BlockChain, pool *VotePool, journalPath, blsPasswordPath, blsWalletPath string, engine consensus.PoSA) (*VoteManager, error) {
 	voteManager := &VoteManager{
-		eth:         eth,
-		chain:       chain,
-		chainHeadCh: make(chan core.ChainHeadEvent, chainHeadChanSize),
-		syncVoteCh:  make(chan core.NewVoteEvent, voteBufferForPut),
-		pool:        pool,
-		engine:      engine,
+		eth:                    eth,
+		chain:                  chain,
+		highestVerifiedBlockCh: make(chan core.HighestVerifiedBlockEvent, highestVerifiedBlockChanSize),
+		syncVoteCh:             make(chan core.NewVoteEvent, voteBufferForPut),
+		pool:                   pool,
+		engine:                 engine,
 	}

 	// Create voteSigner.
@ -72,7 +81,7 @@ func NewVoteManager(eth Backend, chain *core.BlockChain, pool *VotePool, journal
 	voteManager.journal = voteJournal

 	// Subscribe to chain head event.
-	voteManager.chainHeadSub = voteManager.chain.SubscribeChainHeadEvent(voteManager.chainHeadCh)
+	voteManager.highestVerifiedBlockSub = voteManager.chain.SubscribeHighestVerifiedHeaderEvent(voteManager.highestVerifiedBlockCh)
 	voteManager.syncVoteSub = voteManager.pool.SubscribeNewVoteEvent(voteManager.syncVoteCh)

 	go voteManager.loop()
@ -82,7 +91,7 @@ func NewVoteManager(eth Backend, chain *core.BlockChain, pool *VotePool, journal

 func (voteManager *VoteManager) loop() {
 	log.Debug("vote manager routine loop started")
-	defer voteManager.chainHeadSub.Unsubscribe()
+	defer voteManager.highestVerifiedBlockSub.Unsubscribe()
 	defer voteManager.syncVoteSub.Unsubscribe()

 	events := voteManager.eth.EventMux().Subscribe(downloader.StartEvent{}, downloader.DoneEvent{}, downloader.FailedEvent{})
@ -117,7 +126,7 @@ func (voteManager *VoteManager) loop() {
 				log.Debug("downloader is in DoneEvent mode, set the startVote flag to true")
 				startVote = true
 			}
-		case cHead := <-voteManager.chainHeadCh:
+		case cHead := <-voteManager.highestVerifiedBlockCh:
 			if !startVote {
 				log.Debug("startVote flag is false, continue")
 				continue
@ -133,18 +142,27 @@ func (voteManager *VoteManager) loop() {
 				continue
 			}

-			if cHead.Block == nil {
-				log.Debug("cHead.Block is nil, continue")
+			if cHead.Header == nil {
+				log.Debug("cHead.Header is nil, continue")
 				continue
 			}

-			curHead := cHead.Block.Header()
+			curHead := cHead.Header
+			if p, ok := voteManager.engine.(*parlia.Parlia); ok {
+				nextBlockMinedTime := time.Unix(int64((curHead.Time + p.Period())), 0)
+				timeForBroadcast := 50 * time.Millisecond // enough to broadcast a vote
+				if time.Now().Add(timeForBroadcast).After(nextBlockMinedTime) {
+					log.Warn("too late to vote", "Head.Time(Second)", curHead.Time, "Now(Millisecond)", time.Now().UnixMilli())
+					continue
+				}
+			}
+
 			// Check if cur validator is within the validatorSet at curHead
 			if !voteManager.engine.IsActiveValidatorAt(voteManager.chain, curHead,
 				func(bLSPublicKey *types.BLSPublicKey) bool {
 					return bytes.Equal(voteManager.signer.PubKey[:], bLSPublicKey[:])
 				}) {
-				log.Debug("cur validator is not within the validatorSet at curHead")
+				log.Debug("local validator with voteKey is not within the validatorSet at curHead")
 				continue
 			}

@ -191,6 +209,36 @@ func (voteManager *VoteManager) loop() {
 				voteManager.pool.PutVote(voteMessage)
 				votesManagerCounter.Inc(1)
 			}
+
+			// check the latest justified block, which indicating the stability of the network
+			curJustifiedNumber, _, err := voteManager.engine.GetJustifiedNumberAndHash(voteManager.chain, []*types.Header{curHead})
+			if err == nil && curJustifiedNumber != 0 {
+				if curJustifiedNumber+1 != curHead.Number.Uint64() {
+					log.Debug("not justified", "blockNumber", curHead.Number.Uint64()-1)
+					notJustified.Inc(1)
+				} else {
+					parent := voteManager.chain.GetHeaderByHash(curHead.ParentHash)
+					if parent != nil {
+						if parent.Difficulty.Cmp(diffInTurn) == 0 {
+							inTurnJustified.Inc(1)
+						} else {
+							log.Debug("not in turn block justified", "blockNumber", parent.Number.Int64(), "blockHash", parent.Hash())
+							notInTurnJustified.Inc(1)
+						}
+
+						lastJustifiedNumber, _, err := voteManager.engine.GetJustifiedNumberAndHash(voteManager.chain, []*types.Header{parent})
+						if err == nil {
+							if lastJustifiedNumber == 0 || lastJustifiedNumber+1 == curJustifiedNumber {
+								continuousJustified.Inc(1)
+							} else {
+								log.Debug("not continuous block justified", "lastJustified", lastJustifiedNumber, "curJustified", curJustifiedNumber)
+								notContinuousJustified.Inc(1)
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
 		case event := <-voteManager.syncVoteCh:
 			voteMessage := event.Vote
 			if voteManager.eth.IsMining() || !bytes.Equal(voteManager.signer.PubKey[:], voteMessage.VoteAddress[:]) {
@ -206,7 +254,7 @@ func (voteManager *VoteManager) loop() {
 		case <-voteManager.syncVoteSub.Err():
 			log.Debug("voteManager subscribed votes failed")
 			return
-		case <-voteManager.chainHeadSub.Err():
+		case <-voteManager.highestVerifiedBlockSub.Err():
 			log.Debug("voteManager subscribed chainHead failed")
 			return
 		}
--- a/core/vote/vote_pool.go
+++ b/core/vote/vote_pool.go
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ const (
 	lowerLimitOfVoteBlockNumber = 256
 	upperLimitOfVoteBlockNumber = 11 // refer to fetcher.maxUncleDist

-	chainHeadChanSize = 10 // chainHeadChanSize is the size of channel listening to ChainHeadEvent.
+	highestVerifiedBlockChanSize = 10 // highestVerifiedBlockChanSize is the size of channel listening to HighestVerifiedBlockEvent.
 )

 var (
@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ type VotePool struct {
 	curVotesPq    *votesPriorityQueue
 	futureVotesPq *votesPriorityQueue

-	chainHeadCh  chan core.ChainHeadEvent
-	chainHeadSub event.Subscription
+	highestVerifiedBlockCh  chan core.HighestVerifiedBlockEvent
+	highestVerifiedBlockSub event.Subscription

 	votesCh chan *types.VoteEnvelope

@ -69,19 +69,19 @@ type votesPriorityQueue []*types.VoteData

 func NewVotePool(chain *core.BlockChain, engine consensus.PoSA) *VotePool {
 	votePool := &VotePool{
-		chain:         chain,
-		receivedVotes: mapset.NewSet[common.Hash](),
-		curVotes:      make(map[common.Hash]*VoteBox),
-		futureVotes:   make(map[common.Hash]*VoteBox),
-		curVotesPq:    &votesPriorityQueue{},
-		futureVotesPq: &votesPriorityQueue{},
-		chainHeadCh:   make(chan core.ChainHeadEvent, chainHeadChanSize),
-		votesCh:       make(chan *types.VoteEnvelope, voteBufferForPut),
-		engine:        engine,
+		chain:                  chain,
+		receivedVotes:          mapset.NewSet[common.Hash](),
+		curVotes:               make(map[common.Hash]*VoteBox),
+		futureVotes:            make(map[common.Hash]*VoteBox),
+		curVotesPq:             &votesPriorityQueue{},
+		futureVotesPq:          &votesPriorityQueue{},
+		highestVerifiedBlockCh: make(chan core.HighestVerifiedBlockEvent, highestVerifiedBlockChanSize),
+		votesCh:                make(chan *types.VoteEnvelope, voteBufferForPut),
+		engine:                 engine,
 	}

 	// Subscribe events from blockchain and start the main event loop.
-	votePool.chainHeadSub = votePool.chain.SubscribeChainHeadEvent(votePool.chainHeadCh)
+	votePool.highestVerifiedBlockSub = votePool.chain.SubscribeHighestVerifiedHeaderEvent(votePool.highestVerifiedBlockCh)

 	go votePool.loop()
 	return votePool
@ -89,18 +89,18 @@ func NewVotePool(chain *core.BlockChain, engine consensus.PoSA) *VotePool {

 // loop is the vote pool's main even loop, waiting for and reacting to outside blockchain events and votes channel event.
 func (pool *VotePool) loop() {
-	defer pool.chainHeadSub.Unsubscribe()
+	defer pool.highestVerifiedBlockSub.Unsubscribe()

 	for {
 		select {
 		// Handle ChainHeadEvent.
-		case ev := <-pool.chainHeadCh:
-			if ev.Block != nil {
-				latestBlockNumber := ev.Block.NumberU64()
+		case ev := <-pool.highestVerifiedBlockCh:
+			if ev.Header != nil {
+				latestBlockNumber := ev.Header.Number.Uint64()
 				pool.prune(latestBlockNumber)
-				pool.transferVotesFromFutureToCur(ev.Block.Header())
+				pool.transferVotesFromFutureToCur(ev.Header)
 			}
-		case <-pool.chainHeadSub.Err():
+		case <-pool.highestVerifiedBlockSub.Err():
 			return

 		// Handle votes channel and put the vote into vote pool.
@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ func (pool *VotePool) putIntoVotePool(vote *types.VoteEnvelope) bool {
 	var votesPq *votesPriorityQueue
 	isFutureVote := false

-	voteBlock := pool.chain.GetHeaderByHash(targetHash)
+	voteBlock := pool.chain.GetVerifiedBlockByHash(targetHash)
 	if voteBlock == nil {
 		votes = pool.futureVotes
 		votesPq = pool.futureVotesPq
@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ func (pool *VotePool) transferVotesFromFutureToCur(latestBlockHeader *types.Head
 	futurePqBuffer := make([]*types.VoteData, 0)
 	for futurePq.Len() > 0 && futurePq.Peek().TargetNumber <= latestBlockNumber {
 		blockHash := futurePq.Peek().TargetHash
-		header := pool.chain.GetHeaderByHash(blockHash)
+		header := pool.chain.GetVerifiedBlockByHash(blockHash)
 		if header == nil {
 			// Put into pq buffer used for later put again into futurePq
 			futurePqBuffer = append(futurePqBuffer, heap.Pop(futurePq).(*types.VoteData))
--- a/crypto/bn256/cloudflare/gfp12.go
+++ b/crypto/bn256/cloudflare/gfp12.go
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package bn256

 // For details of the algorithms used, see "Multiplication and Squaring on
-// Pairing-Friendly Fields, Devegili et al.
+// Pairing-Friendly Fields", Devegili et al.
 // http://eprint.iacr.org/2006/471.pdf.

 import (
--- a/crypto/bn256/cloudflare/gfp2.go
+++ b/crypto/bn256/cloudflare/gfp2.go
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package bn256

 // For details of the algorithms used, see "Multiplication and Squaring on
-// Pairing-Friendly Fields, Devegili et al.
+// Pairing-Friendly Fields", Devegili et al.
 // http://eprint.iacr.org/2006/471.pdf.

 // gfP2 implements a field of size p² as a quadratic extension of the base field
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
zzzckck	ec318b9c97	github: upgrade upload artifact from v4.1.7 to v4.3.3 (#2713 )	2024-09-19 15:02:02 +08:00
zzzckck	6624522423	github: upgrade artifact from v3 to v4.1.7 (#2712 ) upload-artifact and download-artifact must use same version, otherwise release workflow will fail. https://github.com/actions/toolkit/blob/main/packages/artifact/docs/faq.md	2024-09-19 14:54:35 +08:00
zzzckck	206c3b0ab0	Merge pull request #2701 from bnb-chain/develop Draft release v1.4.15	2024-09-19 11:50:11 +08:00
zzzckck	089064c1ff	Merge pull request #2683 from buddh0/remove_duplicate_list_check eth/handler: remove duplicate check for lists in body	2024-09-19 10:13:27 +08:00
buddh0	5289ecdfe2	eth/protocols: add Withdrawals check before broadcastBlock	2024-09-18 17:12:43 +08:00
buddh0	d141ff06c3	Revert "eth/handler: check lists in body before broadcast blocks (#2461 )" This reverts commit 0c0958ff8709eab1d5d4d0adaa81c09a89ec75d9.	2024-09-18 17:11:37 +08:00
zzzckck	9cbac84363	doc: update readme to remove Beacon chain part (#2697 ) others changes: - remove bsc-docker, as it is broken - remove light client, as it is no longer supported	2024-09-18 16:56:10 +08:00
zzzckck	21faa2de3f	release: prepare for release v1.4.15 (#2700 )	2024-09-18 14:34:01 +08:00
WMQ	34059cb144	faucet: update DIN token faucet support (#2706 )	2024-09-18 11:51:59 +08:00
tiaoxizhan	3e44dcaa55	chore: add missing symbols in comment (#2704 )	2024-09-14 09:12:56 +08:00
zzzckck	282aee5856	faucet: add example for custimized token (#2698 )	2024-09-12 15:48:11 +08:00
zzzckck	44e91bba23	faucet: support customized token (#2687 )	2024-09-12 15:10:37 +08:00
zzzckck	774d1b7ddb	Merge pull request #2684 from ngotchac/ngotchac/requeue-fixes	2024-09-11 10:58:06 +08:00
buddho	8bbd8fbf48	consensus/parlia: wait more time when processing huge blocks (#2689 )	2024-09-11 10:14:11 +08:00
buddho	a28262b3ec	miner: limit block size to eth protocol msg size (#2696 )	2024-09-10 16:24:29 +08:00
buddho	7de27ca9e9	CI: nancy ignore CVE-2024-8421 (#2695 )	2024-09-10 11:27:04 +08:00
zzzckck	e7e5d508b5	txpool: set default GasCeil from 30M to 0 (#2688 ) This PR tries to improve https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2680 If the node did not set `Eth.Miner` in config.toml, the default GasCeil will be 30000000, it is not an accurate number for both BSC mainnet and testnet. Set it to 0 means disable the transaction GasLimit check, i.e. the TxPool will accept transactions with any GasLimit size.	2024-09-05 22:01:24 +08:00
Nicolas Gotchac	03069a7703	fetcher: Sleep after marking block as done when requeuing Otherwise the node will be waiting for 500ms before the block fetcher keeps processing.	2024-09-04 11:31:12 +02:00
galaio	1bcdad851f	metrics: add some extra feature flags as node stats; (#2662 )	2024-09-04 16:37:43 +08:00
Nicolas Gotchac	24a46de5b2	eth: Add sidecars when available to broadcasted current block (#2675 )	2024-09-04 16:22:07 +08:00
zzzckck	5c4096fffa	faucet: with mainnet balance check, 0.002BNB at least (#2672 )	2024-09-04 16:19:01 +08:00
dependabot[bot]	f85d19aa8f	build(deps): bump actions/download-artifact in /.github/workflows (#2679 ) Bumps [actions/download-artifact](https://github.com/actions/download-artifact) from 3 to 4.1.7.	2024-09-04 16:12:07 +08:00
zzzckck	0dab664d98	txpool: apply miner's gasceil to txpool (#2680 ) apply `Eth.Miner.GasCeil` to TxPool even the node did not enable `--mine` option Otherwise, there could be accmulated pending transactions in txpool. Take an example: - Currently, BSC testnet's block gaslimit is 70M, as 20M gas is reserved for SystemTxs, the maximum acceptable GasLimit for transaction is 50M. - TxPool recevied a transaction with GasLimit 60M, it would be accepted in TxPool but it will never be accepted by validators. Such kinds of transactions will be kept in txpool and gradually make the txpool overflowed	2024-09-04 16:02:27 +08:00
Dike.w	094519d058	beaconserver: simulated beacon api server for op-stack (#2678 ) only some necessary apis are implemented.	2024-09-04 09:39:01 +08:00
zzzckck	d3450f13c9	log: add some p2p log (#2677 )	2024-09-03 14:27:53 +08:00
zzzckck	75af65dbf2	Merge pull request #2669 from bnb-chain/develop Draft release v1.4.14	2024-08-27 15:00:23 +08:00
zzzckck	959850218c	release: prepare for release v1.4.14 (#2668 )	2024-08-27 11:23:04 +08:00
zzzckck	af0204bd68	faucet: bump and resend faucet transaction if it has been pending for a while (#2665 )	2024-08-26 16:09:34 +08:00
zzzckck	ec2d7e0228	config: setup Mainnet 2 hardfork date: HaberFix & Bohr (#2661 ) expected hard fork date: Mainnet-HaberFix: 2024-09-26 02:02:00 AM UTC Mainnet-Bohr: 2024-09-26 02:20:00 AM UTC	2024-08-23 13:59:56 +08:00
Dike.w	c46d7e8bd8	ethclient: fix BlobSidecars api (#2656 )	2024-08-22 11:07:05 +08:00
Chris Li	6cb4be4ebf	fix: when dataset is pruned and pruneancient is set, the offset is error (#2657 )	2024-08-21 15:37:42 +08:00
buddho	3bd9a2395c	core: improve readability of the fork choice logic (#2658 )	2024-08-20 23:06:49 +08:00
buddho	5d19f2182b	internal/ethapi: make GetFinalizedHeader monotonically increasing (#2655 )	2024-08-20 11:51:32 +08:00
buddho	99a2dd5ed9	internal/debug: remove memsize (#2649 )	2024-08-15 11:38:14 +08:00
easyfold	3adcfabb41	core/systemcontracts: use vm.StateDB in UpgradeBuildInSystemContract (#2578 )	2024-08-13 17:06:07 +08:00
buddho	b1f0a3c79b	core: fix cache for receipts (#2643 )	2024-08-13 14:02:38 +08:00
zzzckck	26a4d4fda6	Merge pull request #2633 from bnb-chain/develop Draft release v1.4.13	2024-08-08 16:38:42 +08:00
buddho	e988d1574e	consensus/parlia: support recovery when snapshot of parlia gone in disk (#2587 )	2024-08-08 14:53:51 +08:00
zzzckck	2cce9dd3de	release: prepare for release v1.4.13 (#2632 )	2024-08-07 17:53:24 +08:00
zzzckck	b7e678e93d	config: setup Testnet Bohr hardfork date (#2634 ) expected Bohr hard fork date: - Testnet: 2024-08-20 01:23:16 AM UTC - Mainnet: it is not determined yet, target Later Sep 2024	2024-08-07 16:24:28 +08:00
zzzckck	b61128bd7b	utils: add GetTopAddr to analyse large traffic (#2629 )	2024-08-05 16:48:33 +08:00
buddho	df16ab95ab	Makefile: use docker compose v2 instead of v1 (#2628 )	2024-08-05 15:15:46 +08:00
Nathan	9e343669b5	core: not record `zero hash` beacon block root with Parlia engine (#2621 )	2024-07-31 16:39:24 +08:00
Nathan	987b8c1504	consensus/parlia: exclude inturn validator when calculate backoffTime (#2618 )	2024-07-31 16:37:50 +08:00
Nathan	7d907016ff	tests: fix evm-test CI (#2622 )	2024-07-31 15:50:43 +08:00
Satyajit Das	00cac12542	faucet: rate limit initial implementation (#2603 )	2024-07-29 13:36:42 +08:00
Ethan	27f618f434	fix: update stakehub bytecode after zero address agent issue fixed (#2614 )	2024-07-26 15:47:59 +08:00
irrun	46b88d11f9	fix: only take non-mempool tx to calculate bid price (#2579 )	2024-07-26 09:49:16 +08:00
yuhangcangqian	f532da6ca0	chore: fix some comments (#2597 ) Signed-off-by: yuhangcangqian <cuibuwei@qq.com>	2024-07-25 10:46:52 +08:00
zzzckck	c94fc290e7	Merge pull request #2612 from buddh0/merge_master_into_develop Merge master into develop	2024-07-25 10:44:24 +08:00
buddho	7f3c5ce4cd	cmd/utils: add new flag OverridePassedForkTime (#2611 )	2024-07-25 10:43:32 +08:00
Nathan	313449404f	consensus/parlia: modify mining time for last block in one turn (#2608 )	2024-07-25 10:42:42 +08:00
buddh0	99e4e950f8	Merge branch 'master' into develop	2024-07-25 10:20:23 +08:00
zzzckck	83a9b13771	Merge pull request #2607 from NathanBSC/for_release_v1.4.12 Revert "miner/worker: broadcast block immediately once sealed (bnb-chain#2576)"	2024-07-24 12:07:13 +08:00
Ethan	cabd0f8a21	feat: add bohr upgrade contracts bytecode (#2605 ) * feat: add bohr upgrade contracts bytecode * feat: add bohr upgrade contracts bytecode on rialto network * feat: add protector for stakehub on rialto network	2024-07-24 10:29:01 +08:00
Nathan	17e0e45a09	BEP-341: Validators can produce consecutive blocks (#2482 )	2024-07-23 13:55:45 +08:00
Chris Li	6260a26971	fix: prune-state when specify `--triesInMemory 32` (#2602 )	2024-07-23 10:06:19 +08:00
Nathan	a44b6d8067	core: cache block after wroten into db (#2600 )	2024-07-22 20:52:07 +08:00
NathanBSC	c6cb43b7ca	Revert "miner/worker: broadcast block immediately once sealed (#2576 )" This reverts commit 6d5b4ad64d31907e0d3def45ac283b540cbe9ec9.	2024-07-22 18:23:10 +08:00
NathanBSC	222e10810e	core: cache block after wroten into db	2024-07-22 18:22:56 +08:00
buddho	b844958a96	core: improve the network stability when double sign happens (#2596 )	2024-07-22 14:53:26 +08:00
buddho	3cade73e40	BEP-404: Clear Miner History when Switching Validators Set (#2558 )	2024-07-19 20:39:15 +08:00
buddho	4f38c78c6e	BEP-402: Complete Missing Fields in Block Header to Generate Signature (#2502 )	2024-07-19 20:32:19 +08:00
buddho	7b8d28b425	core/vote: vote before committing state and writing block (#2589 )	2024-07-19 20:23:45 +08:00
buddho	74078e1dc4	consensus/parlia: add GetJustifiedNumber and GetFinalizedNumber (#2591 )	2024-07-19 10:20:53 +08:00
zzzckck	26b236fb5f	Merge pull request #2586 from bnb-chain/master_2_develop Draft release v1.4.12	2024-07-17 17:45:39 +08:00
zzzckck	900cf26c65	Merge branch 'master' into master_2_develop	2024-07-17 17:29:11 +08:00
zzzckck	21e6dcfc79	release: prepare for release v1.4.12 (#2585 )	2024-07-17 17:07:57 +08:00
Chris Li	a262acfb00	fix: remove delete and dangling side chains in prunefreezer (#2582 )	2024-07-17 11:01:40 +08:00
Chris Li	87e622e51f	fix: the bug of blobsidecars and downloader with multi-database (#2564 )	2024-07-16 22:37:03 +08:00
Chris Li	13d454796f	fix: pruneancient freeze from the previous position when the first time (#2542 )	2024-07-16 22:36:18 +08:00
galaio	c6af48100d	freezer: Opt freezer env checking (#2580 )	2024-07-16 21:44:39 +08:00
buddho	6d5b4ad64d	miner/worker: broadcast block immediately once sealed (#2576 )	2024-07-16 21:24:37 +08:00
stellrust	d35b57ae36	chore: fix some comments (#2581 ) Signed-off-by: stellrust <gohunter@foxmail.com>	2024-07-16 17:10:45 +08:00
Eric	21fc2d3ac4	cmd/jsutill: add log about validator name (#2583 )	2024-07-16 17:10:16 +08:00
Nathan	c96fab04a3	core/vote: not vote if too late for next in turn validator (#2568 )	2024-07-11 22:39:07 +08:00
buddho	27d86948fa	core: adapt highestVerifiedHeader to FastFinality (#2574 )	2024-07-11 15:01:01 +08:00
Mars	a04e287cb6	feat: enhance bid comparison and reply bidding results && detail logs (#2538 )	2024-07-11 11:31:24 +08:00
Nathan	c3d6155fff	cmd/utils: support use NetworkId to distinguish chapel when do syncing (#2573 )	2024-07-10 16:10:07 +08:00
will-2012	a00ffa762c	fix: fix statedb copy (#2567 )	2024-07-10 15:39:20 +08:00
buddho	863fdea026	core: avoid to cache block before wroten into db (#2566 )	2024-07-10 14:46:11 +08:00
Nathan	90e67970ae	core: clearup testflag for Cancun and Haber (#2572 )	2024-07-09 14:30:19 +08:00
Eric	e8456c2d08	cmd/jsutils: add a tool to get slash count (#2569 )	2024-07-08 22:37:05 +08:00
Chris Li	bc970e5893	fix: delete unexpected block (#2562 )	2024-07-08 19:21:56 +08:00
wayen	a5810fefc9	fix: fix state inspect error after pruned state (#2557 )	2024-07-04 22:24:22 +08:00
Matus Kysel	971c0fa380	tests: fix unstable test (#2561 )	2024-07-04 07:56:35 +02:00
KeefeL	88225c1a4b	chore: update greenfield cometbft version (#2556 )	2024-07-03 15:14:19 +08:00
zzzckck	51e27f9e3b	nancy: ignore go-retryablehttp@v0.7.4 in .nancy-ignore (#2559 )	2024-07-02 15:00:14 +08:00
zzzckck	f1a85ec306	go.mod: update missing dependency (#2546 )	2024-06-28 14:14:22 +08:00
dependabot[bot]	75d162983a	build(deps): bump github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp (#2537 ) Bumps [github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp](https://github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp) from 0.7.4 to 0.7.7. - [Changelog](https://github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md) - [Commits](https://github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp/compare/v0.7.4...v0.7.7) --- updated-dependencies: - dependency-name: github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp dependency-type: indirect ... Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com> Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>	2024-06-28 13:51:53 +08:00
Nathan	727c07116d	cmd/jsutils: add a tool to get performance between a range of blocks (#2513 )	2024-06-28 13:48:17 +08:00
zoro	719412551a	Merge pull request #2549 from bnb-chain/develop release: prepare for v1.4.11	2024-06-27 17:37:26 +08:00
zoro	c2226a0c9f	release: bump version to 1.4.11 (#2550 )	2024-06-27 17:35:46 +08:00
zoro	d52628aa82	doc: add changelog for v1.4.11 (#2548 )	2024-06-27 17:24:49 +08:00
Roshan	f7de51f74e	upgrade: add `HaberFix` hardfork (#2535 )	2024-06-26 14:51:52 +08:00
irrun	55cbf31f18	fix: nil pointer when clear simulating bid (#2534 )	2024-06-24 16:42:17 +08:00
zzzckck	f0c7795542	Merge pull request #2527 from bnb-chain/develop Draft release v1.4.10	2024-06-21 16:13:48 +08:00
zzzckck	1548452def	release: prepare for release v1.4.10 (#2526 )	2024-06-21 15:31:43 +08:00
Nathan	f2e7f1dd24	fix: ensure empty withdrawals after cancun before broadcast (#2525 )	2024-06-21 15:00:56 +08:00
Eric	27a3ec5d72	fix getBlobSidecars by ethclient (#2515 )	2024-06-20 11:29:33 +08:00
zzzckck	6094d7157e	UT: random failure of TestSnapSyncWithBlobs (#2519 ) this case failed randomly in github CI, the ratio of around 20% but can not be reproduced locally by: ``` go test -p 1 -v -run TestSnapSyncWithBlobs -count 100 ``` there could be a potential risk between `runEthPeer` and `runSnapExtension`,as they shared the same handler.peers. Add extra wait time for `runEthPeer` to resolve it. And same for another UT: testBroadcastBlock	2024-06-20 11:14:52 +08:00
zzzckck	be0fbfb79e	fix: remove zero gasprice check for BSC (#2518 ) note: blobGasFeePrice can not be zero right now.	2024-06-19 19:51:30 +08:00
Nathan	00f094c37e	core/forkchoice: improve stability when inturn block not generated (#2451 )	2024-06-18 15:53:05 +08:00
Chris Li	7b08a70a23	perf: optimize chain commit performance for multi-database (#2509 )	2024-06-18 15:20:23 +08:00
will-2012	99d31aeb28	perf: speedup pbss trienode read (#2508 )	2024-06-18 11:47:22 +08:00
irrun	f467c6018b	feat: add mev helper params and func (#2512 )	2024-06-13 11:13:39 +08:00
zzzckck	4566ac7659	Merge pull request #2511 from bnb-chain/develop Draft release v1.4.9	2024-06-11 11:51:22 +08:00
zzzckck	aab4b8812a	release: prepare for release v1.4.9 (#2510 )	2024-06-11 10:47:44 +08:00
irrun	af7e9b95bd	fix: waiting for the last simulation before pick best bid (#2507 )	2024-06-07 16:41:20 +08:00
zoupingshi	1047f0e59a	chore: fix function name (#2501 ) Signed-off-by: zoupingshi <hellocatty@tom.com>	2024-06-05 15:12:48 +08:00
VM	9bb4fed1bf	fix: add an empty freeze db (#2495 )	2024-06-04 15:47:16 +08:00
zzzckck	35e71a769b	doc: update url linker (#2499 )	2024-05-30 14:08:48 +08:00
zzzckck	6b02ac7ac5	doc: update url linker (#2498 )	2024-05-30 12:19:07 +08:00
Nathan	8b9558bb4d	params/config: add Bohr hardfork (#2497 )	2024-05-30 11:51:34 +08:00
Chris Li	63e7eac394	fix: keep 9W blocks in ancient db when prune block (#2481 )	2024-05-29 15:11:52 +08:00
Chris Li	05543e558d	fix: fix inspect database error (#2484 )	2024-05-27 15:10:59 +08:00
Satyajit Das	b0146261c7	jsutils: faucet successful requests within blocks (#2470 )	2024-05-23 15:08:36 +08:00
lx	d7b9866d3b	Merge pull request #2487 from bnb-chain/master merge PRs from master to develop branch	2024-05-22 13:56:19 +08:00
zzzckck	f5ba30ed47	release: prepare for release v1.4.8 (#2486 )	2024-05-21 18:30:28 +08:00
Nathan	f190c49252	core/vm: add secp256r1 into PrecompiledContractsHaber (#2483 )	2024-05-21 17:46:42 +08:00
Mars	08769ead2b	dev: ensure consistency in BPS bundle result (#2479 ) * dev: ensure consistency in BPS bundle result * fix: remove env operation once the sim is discarded & rename	2024-05-21 12:24:41 +08:00
Matus Kysel	4d0f1e7117	RIP-7212: Precompile for secp256r1 Curve Support (#2400 )	2024-05-21 11:44:21 +08:00
irrun	c77bb1110d	fix: limit the gas price of the mev bid (#2473 )	2024-05-20 14:33:47 +08:00
Mars	c856d21719	fix: move mev op to MinerAPI & add command to console (#2475 )	2024-05-20 14:00:28 +08:00
Eric	5edd032cdb	internal/ethapi: add optional parameter for blobSidecars (#2467 )	2024-05-16 19:06:49 +08:00
galaio	6b8cbbe172	sync: fix some sync issues caused by prune-block. (#2466 )	2024-05-16 12:07:13 +08:00
setunapo	5ea2ada0ee	utils: add check_blobtx.js (#2463 )	2024-05-15 18:17:57 +08:00
Fynn	b230a02006	cmd: fix memory leak when big dataset (#2455 )	2024-05-15 15:28:57 +08:00
Nathan	86e3a02490	cmd/utils: add a flag to change breathe block interval for testing (#2462 )	2024-05-15 15:27:05 +08:00
Nathan	0c0958ff87	eth/handler: check lists in body before broadcast blocks (#2461 )	2024-05-15 14:54:25 +08:00