go-ethereum/common/math/modexp.go

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// Copyright 2020 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package math
import (
"math/big"
"math/bits"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
)
// FastExp is semantically equivalent to x.Exp(x,y, m), but is faster for even
// modulus.
func FastExp(x, y, m *big.Int) *big.Int {
// Split m = m1 × m2 where m1 = 2ⁿ
n := m.TrailingZeroBits()
m1 := new(big.Int).Lsh(common.Big1, n)
mask := new(big.Int).Sub(m1, common.Big1)
m2 := new(big.Int).Rsh(m, n)
// We want z = x**y mod m.
// z1 = x**y mod m1 = (x**y mod m) mod m1 = z mod m1
// z2 = x**y mod m2 = (x**y mod m) mod m2 = z mod m2
z1 := fastExpPow2(x, y, mask)
z2 := new(big.Int).Exp(x, y, m2)
// Reconstruct z from z1, z2 using CRT, using algorithm from paper,
// which uses only a single modInverse.
// p = (z1 - z2) * m2⁻¹ (mod m1)
// z = z2 + p * m2
z := new(big.Int).Set(z2)
// Compute (z1 - z2) mod m1 [m1 == 2**n] into z1.
z1 = z1.And(z1, mask)
z2 = z2.And(z2, mask)
z1 = z1.Sub(z1, z2)
if z1.Sign() < 0 {
z1 = z1.Add(z1, m1)
}
// Reuse z2 for p = z1 * m2inv.
m2inv := new(big.Int).ModInverse(m2, m1)
z2 = z2.Mul(z1, m2inv)
z2 = z2.And(z2, mask)
// Reuse z1 for m2 * p.
z = z.Add(z, z1.Mul(z2, m2))
z = z.Rem(z, m)
return z
}
func fastExpPow2(x, y *big.Int, mask *big.Int) *big.Int {
z := big.NewInt(1)
if y.Sign() == 0 {
return z
}
p := new(big.Int).Set(x)
p = p.And(p, mask)
if p.Cmp(z) <= 0 { // p <= 1
return p
}
if y.Cmp(mask) > 0 {
y = new(big.Int).And(y, mask)
}
t := new(big.Int)
for _, b := range y.Bits() {
for i := 0; i < bits.UintSize; i++ {
if b&1 != 0 {
z, t = t.Mul(z, p), z
z = z.And(z, mask)
}
p, t = t.Mul(p, p), p
p = p.And(p, mask)
b >>= 1
}
}
return z
}