From 567d41d9363706b4b13ce0903804e8acf214af49 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?P=C3=A9ter=20Szil=C3=A1gyi?= Date: Sun, 5 Mar 2017 20:00:01 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] all: swap out the C++ ethash to the pure Go one (mining todo) --- accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go | 3 +- cmd/utils/flags.go | 7 +- core/bench_test.go | 5 +- core/block_validator.go | 2 +- core/block_validator_test.go | 7 +- core/blockchain.go | 3 + core/blockchain_test.go | 34 +- core/chain_makers.go | 13 +- core/chain_makers_test.go | 3 +- core/chain_pow.go | 2 +- core/chain_pow_test.go | 28 +- core/dao_test.go | 13 +- eth/backend.go | 8 +- eth/handler_test.go | 3 +- eth/helper_test.go | 3 +- internal/ethapi/api.go | 8 +- les/helper_test.go | 3 +- light/lightchain.go | 3 + light/lightchain_test.go | 14 +- light/odr_test.go | 3 +- light/txpool_test.go | 3 +- log/format.go | 1 - miner/agent.go | 4 +- miner/miner.go | 2 +- miner/remote_agent.go | 7 +- pow/block.go | 37 - pow/ethash.go | 1158 +++---------------- pow/ethash_algo.go | 1071 +++++++++++++++++ pow/{ethash_test.go => ethash_algo_test.go} | 8 +- pow/pow.go | 44 +- tests/block_test_util.go | 4 +- 31 files changed, 1348 insertions(+), 1156 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 pow/block.go create mode 100644 pow/ethash_algo.go rename pow/{ethash_test.go => ethash_algo_test.go} (99%) diff --git a/accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go b/accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go index e21ffe1f8b..2e6796de60 100644 --- a/accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go +++ b/accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go @@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import ( "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params" + "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pow" "golang.org/x/net/context" ) @@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ type SimulatedBackend struct { func NewSimulatedBackend(accounts ...core.GenesisAccount) *SimulatedBackend { database, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase() core.WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(database, accounts...) - blockchain, _ := core.NewBlockChain(database, chainConfig, new(core.FakePow), new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{}) + blockchain, _ := core.NewBlockChain(database, chainConfig, new(pow.FakePow), new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{}) backend := &SimulatedBackend{database: database, blockchain: blockchain} backend.rollback() return backend diff --git a/cmd/utils/flags.go b/cmd/utils/flags.go index 04db9a16f3..00599e82a4 100644 --- a/cmd/utils/flags.go +++ b/cmd/utils/flags.go @@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ import ( "strconv" "strings" - "github.com/ethereum/ethash" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/keystore" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common" @@ -922,11 +921,11 @@ func MakeChain(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node) (chain *core.BlockChain, chai } chainConfig := MakeChainConfigFromDb(ctx, chainDb) - pow := pow.PoW(core.FakePow{}) + seal := pow.PoW(pow.FakePow{}) if !ctx.GlobalBool(FakePoWFlag.Name) { - pow = ethash.New() + seal = pow.NewFullEthash("", "") } - chain, err = core.NewBlockChain(chainDb, chainConfig, pow, new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{EnablePreimageRecording: ctx.GlobalBool(VMEnableDebugFlag.Name)}) + chain, err = core.NewBlockChain(chainDb, chainConfig, seal, new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{EnablePreimageRecording: ctx.GlobalBool(VMEnableDebugFlag.Name)}) if err != nil { Fatalf("Could not start chainmanager: %v", err) } diff --git a/core/bench_test.go b/core/bench_test.go index 8a16005579..42d50a7b12 100644 --- a/core/bench_test.go +++ b/core/bench_test.go @@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ import ( "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params" + "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pow" ) func BenchmarkInsertChain_empty_memdb(b *testing.B) { @@ -171,7 +172,7 @@ func benchInsertChain(b *testing.B, disk bool, gen func(int, *BlockGen)) { // Time the insertion of the new chain. // State and blocks are stored in the same DB. evmux := new(event.TypeMux) - chainman, _ := NewBlockChain(db, ¶ms.ChainConfig{HomesteadBlock: new(big.Int)}, FakePow{}, evmux, vm.Config{}) + chainman, _ := NewBlockChain(db, ¶ms.ChainConfig{HomesteadBlock: new(big.Int)}, pow.FakePow{}, evmux, vm.Config{}) defer chainman.Stop() b.ReportAllocs() b.ResetTimer() @@ -281,7 +282,7 @@ func benchReadChain(b *testing.B, full bool, count uint64) { if err != nil { b.Fatalf("error opening database at %v: %v", dir, err) } - chain, err := NewBlockChain(db, testChainConfig(), FakePow{}, new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{}) + chain, err := NewBlockChain(db, testChainConfig(), pow.FakePow{}, new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{}) if err != nil { b.Fatalf("error creating chain: %v", err) } diff --git a/core/block_validator.go b/core/block_validator.go index ed5cc3ab6f..f93a9f40ba 100644 --- a/core/block_validator.go +++ b/core/block_validator.go @@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ func ValidateHeader(config *params.ChainConfig, pow pow.PoW, header *types.Heade if checkPow { // Verify the nonce of the header. Return an error if it's not valid - if !pow.Verify(types.NewBlockWithHeader(header)) { + if err := pow.Verify(types.NewBlockWithHeader(header)); err != nil { return &BlockNonceErr{header.Number, header.Hash(), header.Nonce.Uint64()} } } diff --git a/core/block_validator_test.go b/core/block_validator_test.go index 01931efd24..c13aa83db2 100644 --- a/core/block_validator_test.go +++ b/core/block_validator_test.go @@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import ( "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params" + "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pow" ) func testChainConfig() *params.ChainConfig { @@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ func proc() (Validator, *BlockChain) { var mux event.TypeMux WriteTestNetGenesisBlock(db) - blockchain, err := NewBlockChain(db, testChainConfig(), thePow(), &mux, vm.Config{}) + blockchain, err := NewBlockChain(db, testChainConfig(), pow.NewTestEthash(), &mux, vm.Config{}) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } @@ -54,13 +55,13 @@ func TestNumber(t *testing.T) { cfg := testChainConfig() header := makeHeader(cfg, chain.Genesis(), statedb) header.Number = big.NewInt(3) - err := ValidateHeader(cfg, FakePow{}, header, chain.Genesis().Header(), false, false) + err := ValidateHeader(cfg, pow.FakePow{}, header, chain.Genesis().Header(), false, false) if err != BlockNumberErr { t.Errorf("expected block number error, got %q", err) } header = makeHeader(cfg, chain.Genesis(), statedb) - err = ValidateHeader(cfg, FakePow{}, header, chain.Genesis().Header(), false, false) + err = ValidateHeader(cfg, pow.FakePow{}, header, chain.Genesis().Header(), false, false) if err == BlockNumberErr { t.Errorf("didn't expect block number error") } diff --git a/core/blockchain.go b/core/blockchain.go index 0c752b3f92..765a4b318f 100644 --- a/core/blockchain.go +++ b/core/blockchain.go @@ -223,6 +223,9 @@ func (self *BlockChain) loadLastState() error { log.Info("Loaded most recent local full block", "number", self.currentBlock.Number(), "hash", self.currentBlock.Hash(), "td", blockTd) log.Info("Loaded most recent local fast block", "number", self.currentFastBlock.Number(), "hash", self.currentFastBlock.Hash(), "td", fastTd) + // Try to be smart and issue a pow verification for the head to pre-generate caches + go self.pow.Verify(types.NewBlockWithHeader(currentHeader)) + return nil } diff --git a/core/blockchain_test.go b/core/blockchain_test.go index 99b155620b..2f06f0735b 100644 --- a/core/blockchain_test.go +++ b/core/blockchain_test.go @@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ import ( "testing" "time" - "github.com/ethereum/ethash" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types" @@ -45,15 +44,10 @@ func init() { runtime.GOMAXPROCS(runtime.NumCPU()) } -func thePow() pow.PoW { - pow, _ := ethash.NewForTesting() - return pow -} - func theBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, t *testing.T) *BlockChain { var eventMux event.TypeMux WriteTestNetGenesisBlock(db) - blockchain, err := NewBlockChain(db, testChainConfig(), thePow(), &eventMux, vm.Config{}) + blockchain, err := NewBlockChain(db, testChainConfig(), pow.NewTestEthash(), &eventMux, vm.Config{}) if err != nil { t.Error("failed creating blockchain:", err) t.FailNow() @@ -476,7 +470,7 @@ func chm(genesis *types.Block, db ethdb.Database) *BlockChain { chainDb: db, genesisBlock: genesis, eventMux: &eventMux, - pow: FakePow{}, + pow: pow.FakePow{}, config: testChainConfig(), } valFn := func() HeaderValidator { return bc.Validator() } @@ -615,7 +609,7 @@ func testReorgBadHashes(t *testing.T, full bool) { defer func() { delete(BadHashes, headers[3].Hash()) }() } // Create a new chain manager and check it rolled back the state - ncm, err := NewBlockChain(db, testChainConfig(), FakePow{}, new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{}) + ncm, err := NewBlockChain(db, testChainConfig(), pow.FakePow{}, new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{}) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("failed to create new chain manager: %v", err) } @@ -736,7 +730,7 @@ func TestFastVsFullChains(t *testing.T) { archiveDb, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase() WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(archiveDb, GenesisAccount{address, funds}) - archive, _ := NewBlockChain(archiveDb, testChainConfig(), FakePow{}, new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{}) + archive, _ := NewBlockChain(archiveDb, testChainConfig(), pow.FakePow{}, new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{}) if n, err := archive.InsertChain(blocks); err != nil { t.Fatalf("failed to process block %d: %v", n, err) @@ -744,7 +738,7 @@ func TestFastVsFullChains(t *testing.T) { // Fast import the chain as a non-archive node to test fastDb, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase() WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(fastDb, GenesisAccount{address, funds}) - fast, _ := NewBlockChain(fastDb, testChainConfig(), FakePow{}, new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{}) + fast, _ := NewBlockChain(fastDb, testChainConfig(), pow.FakePow{}, new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{}) headers := make([]*types.Header, len(blocks)) for i, block := range blocks { @@ -820,7 +814,7 @@ func TestLightVsFastVsFullChainHeads(t *testing.T) { archiveDb, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase() WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(archiveDb, GenesisAccount{address, funds}) - archive, _ := NewBlockChain(archiveDb, testChainConfig(), FakePow{}, new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{}) + archive, _ := NewBlockChain(archiveDb, testChainConfig(), pow.FakePow{}, new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{}) if n, err := archive.InsertChain(blocks); err != nil { t.Fatalf("failed to process block %d: %v", n, err) @@ -832,7 +826,7 @@ func TestLightVsFastVsFullChainHeads(t *testing.T) { // Import the chain as a non-archive node and ensure all pointers are updated fastDb, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase() WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(fastDb, GenesisAccount{address, funds}) - fast, _ := NewBlockChain(fastDb, testChainConfig(), FakePow{}, new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{}) + fast, _ := NewBlockChain(fastDb, testChainConfig(), pow.FakePow{}, new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{}) headers := make([]*types.Header, len(blocks)) for i, block := range blocks { @@ -851,7 +845,7 @@ func TestLightVsFastVsFullChainHeads(t *testing.T) { // Import the chain as a light node and ensure all pointers are updated lightDb, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase() WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(lightDb, GenesisAccount{address, funds}) - light, _ := NewBlockChain(lightDb, testChainConfig(), FakePow{}, new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{}) + light, _ := NewBlockChain(lightDb, testChainConfig(), pow.FakePow{}, new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{}) if n, err := light.InsertHeaderChain(headers, 1); err != nil { t.Fatalf("failed to insert header %d: %v", n, err) @@ -917,7 +911,7 @@ func TestChainTxReorgs(t *testing.T) { }) // Import the chain. This runs all block validation rules. evmux := &event.TypeMux{} - blockchain, _ := NewBlockChain(db, testChainConfig(), FakePow{}, evmux, vm.Config{}) + blockchain, _ := NewBlockChain(db, testChainConfig(), pow.FakePow{}, evmux, vm.Config{}) if i, err := blockchain.InsertChain(chain); err != nil { t.Fatalf("failed to insert original chain[%d]: %v", i, err) } @@ -991,7 +985,7 @@ func TestLogReorgs(t *testing.T) { ) evmux := &event.TypeMux{} - blockchain, _ := NewBlockChain(db, testChainConfig(), FakePow{}, evmux, vm.Config{}) + blockchain, _ := NewBlockChain(db, testChainConfig(), pow.FakePow{}, evmux, vm.Config{}) subs := evmux.Subscribe(RemovedLogsEvent{}) chain, _ := GenerateChain(params.TestChainConfig, genesis, db, 2, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) { @@ -1028,7 +1022,7 @@ func TestReorgSideEvent(t *testing.T) { ) evmux := &event.TypeMux{} - blockchain, _ := NewBlockChain(db, testChainConfig(), FakePow{}, evmux, vm.Config{}) + blockchain, _ := NewBlockChain(db, testChainConfig(), pow.FakePow{}, evmux, vm.Config{}) chain, _ := GenerateChain(params.TestChainConfig, genesis, db, 3, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {}) if _, err := blockchain.InsertChain(chain); err != nil { @@ -1104,7 +1098,7 @@ func TestCanonicalBlockRetrieval(t *testing.T) { ) evmux := &event.TypeMux{} - blockchain, _ := NewBlockChain(db, testChainConfig(), FakePow{}, evmux, vm.Config{}) + blockchain, _ := NewBlockChain(db, testChainConfig(), pow.FakePow{}, evmux, vm.Config{}) chain, _ := GenerateChain(params.TestChainConfig, genesis, db, 10, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {}) @@ -1147,7 +1141,7 @@ func TestEIP155Transition(t *testing.T) { mux event.TypeMux ) - blockchain, _ := NewBlockChain(db, config, FakePow{}, &mux, vm.Config{}) + blockchain, _ := NewBlockChain(db, config, pow.FakePow{}, &mux, vm.Config{}) blocks, _ := GenerateChain(config, genesis, db, 4, func(i int, block *BlockGen) { var ( tx *types.Transaction @@ -1251,7 +1245,7 @@ func TestEIP161AccountRemoval(t *testing.T) { } mux event.TypeMux - blockchain, _ = NewBlockChain(db, config, FakePow{}, &mux, vm.Config{}) + blockchain, _ = NewBlockChain(db, config, pow.FakePow{}, &mux, vm.Config{}) ) blocks, _ := GenerateChain(config, genesis, db, 3, func(i int, block *BlockGen) { var ( diff --git a/core/chain_makers.go b/core/chain_makers.go index 8b3b015a8c..f63496fdc3 100644 --- a/core/chain_makers.go +++ b/core/chain_makers.go @@ -43,17 +43,6 @@ func MakeChainConfig() *params.ChainConfig { } } -// FakePow is a non-validating proof of work implementation. -// It returns true from Verify for any block. -type FakePow struct{} - -func (f FakePow) Search(block pow.Block, stop <-chan struct{}, index int) (uint64, []byte) { - return 0, nil -} -func (f FakePow) Verify(block pow.Block) bool { return true } -func (f FakePow) GetHashrate() int64 { return 0 } -func (f FakePow) Turbo(bool) {} - // So we can deterministically seed different blockchains var ( canonicalSeed = 1 @@ -256,7 +245,7 @@ func newCanonical(n int, full bool) (ethdb.Database, *BlockChain, error) { // Initialize a fresh chain with only a genesis block genesis, _ := WriteTestNetGenesisBlock(db) - blockchain, _ := NewBlockChain(db, MakeChainConfig(), FakePow{}, evmux, vm.Config{}) + blockchain, _ := NewBlockChain(db, MakeChainConfig(), pow.FakePow{}, evmux, vm.Config{}) // Create and inject the requested chain if n == 0 { return db, blockchain, nil diff --git a/core/chain_makers_test.go b/core/chain_makers_test.go index 5c563de469..82751553ff 100644 --- a/core/chain_makers_test.go +++ b/core/chain_makers_test.go @@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import ( "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params" + "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pow" ) func ExampleGenerateChain() { @@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ func ExampleGenerateChain() { // Import the chain. This runs all block validation rules. evmux := &event.TypeMux{} - blockchain, _ := NewBlockChain(db, chainConfig, FakePow{}, evmux, vm.Config{}) + blockchain, _ := NewBlockChain(db, chainConfig, pow.FakePow{}, evmux, vm.Config{}) if i, err := blockchain.InsertChain(chain); err != nil { fmt.Printf("insert error (block %d): %v\n", chain[i].NumberU64(), err) return diff --git a/core/chain_pow.go b/core/chain_pow.go index c3b5788c19..e5ccd87e20 100644 --- a/core/chain_pow.go +++ b/core/chain_pow.go @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ func verifyNonces(checker pow.PoW, items []pow.Block) (chan<- struct{}, <-chan n for i := 0; i < workers; i++ { go func() { for index := range tasks { - results <- nonceCheckResult{index: index, valid: checker.Verify(items[index])} + results <- nonceCheckResult{index: index, valid: checker.Verify(items[index]) == nil} } }() } diff --git a/core/chain_pow_test.go b/core/chain_pow_test.go index 1400b166f0..311ca128e6 100644 --- a/core/chain_pow_test.go +++ b/core/chain_pow_test.go @@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ package core import ( + "errors" "math/big" "runtime" "testing" @@ -35,12 +36,16 @@ type failPow struct { failing uint64 } -func (pow failPow) Search(pow.Block, <-chan struct{}, int) (uint64, []byte) { +func (pow failPow) Search(pow.Block, <-chan struct{}) (uint64, []byte) { return 0, nil } -func (pow failPow) Verify(block pow.Block) bool { return block.NumberU64() != pow.failing } -func (pow failPow) GetHashrate() int64 { return 0 } -func (pow failPow) Turbo(bool) {} +func (pow failPow) Verify(block pow.Block) error { + if block.NumberU64() == pow.failing { + return errors.New("failed") + } + return nil +} +func (pow failPow) Hashrate() float64 { return 0 } // delayedPow is a non-validating proof of work implementation, that returns true // from Verify for all blocks, but delays them the configured amount of time. @@ -48,12 +53,11 @@ type delayedPow struct { delay time.Duration } -func (pow delayedPow) Search(pow.Block, <-chan struct{}, int) (uint64, []byte) { +func (pow delayedPow) Search(pow.Block, <-chan struct{}) (uint64, []byte) { return 0, nil } -func (pow delayedPow) Verify(block pow.Block) bool { time.Sleep(pow.delay); return true } -func (pow delayedPow) GetHashrate() int64 { return 0 } -func (pow delayedPow) Turbo(bool) {} +func (pow delayedPow) Verify(block pow.Block) error { time.Sleep(pow.delay); return nil } +func (pow delayedPow) Hashrate() float64 { return 0 } // Tests that simple POW verification works, for both good and bad blocks. func TestPowVerification(t *testing.T) { @@ -75,11 +79,11 @@ func TestPowVerification(t *testing.T) { switch { case full && valid: - _, results = verifyNoncesFromBlocks(FakePow{}, []*types.Block{blocks[i]}) + _, results = verifyNoncesFromBlocks(pow.FakePow{}, []*types.Block{blocks[i]}) case full && !valid: _, results = verifyNoncesFromBlocks(failPow{blocks[i].NumberU64()}, []*types.Block{blocks[i]}) case !full && valid: - _, results = verifyNoncesFromHeaders(FakePow{}, []*types.Header{headers[i]}) + _, results = verifyNoncesFromHeaders(pow.FakePow{}, []*types.Header{headers[i]}) case !full && !valid: _, results = verifyNoncesFromHeaders(failPow{headers[i].Number.Uint64()}, []*types.Header{headers[i]}) } @@ -134,11 +138,11 @@ func testPowConcurrentVerification(t *testing.T, threads int) { switch { case full && valid: - _, results = verifyNoncesFromBlocks(FakePow{}, blocks) + _, results = verifyNoncesFromBlocks(pow.FakePow{}, blocks) case full && !valid: _, results = verifyNoncesFromBlocks(failPow{uint64(len(blocks) - 1)}, blocks) case !full && valid: - _, results = verifyNoncesFromHeaders(FakePow{}, headers) + _, results = verifyNoncesFromHeaders(pow.FakePow{}, headers) case !full && !valid: _, results = verifyNoncesFromHeaders(failPow{uint64(len(headers) - 1)}, headers) } diff --git a/core/dao_test.go b/core/dao_test.go index b8b4c71cfa..45b3235c71 100644 --- a/core/dao_test.go +++ b/core/dao_test.go @@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import ( "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params" + "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pow" ) // Tests that DAO-fork enabled clients can properly filter out fork-commencing @@ -40,12 +41,12 @@ func TestDAOForkRangeExtradata(t *testing.T) { proDb, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase() WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(proDb) proConf := ¶ms.ChainConfig{HomesteadBlock: big.NewInt(0), DAOForkBlock: forkBlock, DAOForkSupport: true} - proBc, _ := NewBlockChain(proDb, proConf, new(FakePow), new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{}) + proBc, _ := NewBlockChain(proDb, proConf, new(pow.FakePow), new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{}) conDb, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase() WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(conDb) conConf := ¶ms.ChainConfig{HomesteadBlock: big.NewInt(0), DAOForkBlock: forkBlock, DAOForkSupport: false} - conBc, _ := NewBlockChain(conDb, conConf, new(FakePow), new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{}) + conBc, _ := NewBlockChain(conDb, conConf, new(pow.FakePow), new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{}) if _, err := proBc.InsertChain(prefix); err != nil { t.Fatalf("pro-fork: failed to import chain prefix: %v", err) @@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ func TestDAOForkRangeExtradata(t *testing.T) { // Create a pro-fork block, and try to feed into the no-fork chain db, _ = ethdb.NewMemDatabase() WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(db) - bc, _ := NewBlockChain(db, conConf, new(FakePow), new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{}) + bc, _ := NewBlockChain(db, conConf, new(pow.FakePow), new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{}) blocks := conBc.GetBlocksFromHash(conBc.CurrentBlock().Hash(), int(conBc.CurrentBlock().NumberU64()+1)) for j := 0; j < len(blocks)/2; j++ { @@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ func TestDAOForkRangeExtradata(t *testing.T) { // Create a no-fork block, and try to feed into the pro-fork chain db, _ = ethdb.NewMemDatabase() WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(db) - bc, _ = NewBlockChain(db, proConf, new(FakePow), new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{}) + bc, _ = NewBlockChain(db, proConf, new(pow.FakePow), new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{}) blocks = proBc.GetBlocksFromHash(proBc.CurrentBlock().Hash(), int(proBc.CurrentBlock().NumberU64()+1)) for j := 0; j < len(blocks)/2; j++ { @@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ func TestDAOForkRangeExtradata(t *testing.T) { // Verify that contra-forkers accept pro-fork extra-datas after forking finishes db, _ = ethdb.NewMemDatabase() WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(db) - bc, _ := NewBlockChain(db, conConf, new(FakePow), new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{}) + bc, _ := NewBlockChain(db, conConf, new(pow.FakePow), new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{}) blocks := conBc.GetBlocksFromHash(conBc.CurrentBlock().Hash(), int(conBc.CurrentBlock().NumberU64()+1)) for j := 0; j < len(blocks)/2; j++ { @@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ func TestDAOForkRangeExtradata(t *testing.T) { // Verify that pro-forkers accept contra-fork extra-datas after forking finishes db, _ = ethdb.NewMemDatabase() WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(db) - bc, _ = NewBlockChain(db, proConf, new(FakePow), new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{}) + bc, _ = NewBlockChain(db, proConf, new(pow.FakePow), new(event.TypeMux), vm.Config{}) blocks = proBc.GetBlocksFromHash(proBc.CurrentBlock().Hash(), int(proBc.CurrentBlock().NumberU64()+1)) for j := 0; j < len(blocks)/2; j++ { diff --git a/eth/backend.go b/eth/backend.go index 5a8b41f5d2..024520b130 100644 --- a/eth/backend.go +++ b/eth/backend.go @@ -288,15 +288,15 @@ func CreatePoW(config *Config) (pow.PoW, error) { switch { case config.PowFake: log.Warn("Ethash used in fake mode") - return pow.PoW(core.FakePow{}), nil + return pow.FakePow{}, nil case config.PowTest: log.Warn("Ethash used in test mode") - return ethash.NewForTesting() + return pow.NewTestEthash(), nil case config.PowShared: log.Warn("Ethash used in shared mode") - return ethash.NewShared(), nil + return pow.NewSharedEthash(), nil default: - return ethash.New(), nil + return pow.NewFullEthash("", ""), nil } } diff --git a/eth/handler_test.go b/eth/handler_test.go index 03d5404a4d..683c8f71e7 100644 --- a/eth/handler_test.go +++ b/eth/handler_test.go @@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import ( "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params" + "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pow" ) var bigTxGas = new(big.Int).SetUint64(params.TxGas) @@ -468,7 +469,7 @@ func testDAOChallenge(t *testing.T, localForked, remoteForked bool, timeout bool // Create a DAO aware protocol manager var ( evmux = new(event.TypeMux) - pow = new(core.FakePow) + pow = new(pow.FakePow) db, _ = ethdb.NewMemDatabase() genesis = core.WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(db) config = ¶ms.ChainConfig{DAOForkBlock: big.NewInt(1), DAOForkSupport: localForked} diff --git a/eth/helper_test.go b/eth/helper_test.go index 0861c884bd..3ad31394aa 100644 --- a/eth/helper_test.go +++ b/eth/helper_test.go @@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import ( "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p/discover" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params" + "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pow" ) var ( @@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ var ( func newTestProtocolManager(fastSync bool, blocks int, generator func(int, *core.BlockGen), newtx chan<- []*types.Transaction) (*ProtocolManager, error) { var ( evmux = new(event.TypeMux) - pow = new(core.FakePow) + pow = new(pow.FakePow) db, _ = ethdb.NewMemDatabase() genesis = core.WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(db, testBank) chainConfig = ¶ms.ChainConfig{HomesteadBlock: big.NewInt(0)} // homestead set to 0 because of chain maker diff --git a/internal/ethapi/api.go b/internal/ethapi/api.go index caa7421807..c8374fe18e 100644 --- a/internal/ethapi/api.go +++ b/internal/ethapi/api.go @@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import ( "strings" "time" - "github.com/ethereum/ethash" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/keystore" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common" @@ -39,6 +38,7 @@ import ( "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params" + "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pow" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc" "github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb" @@ -1378,11 +1378,7 @@ func (api *PublicDebugAPI) SeedHash(ctx context.Context, number uint64) (string, if block == nil { return "", fmt.Errorf("block #%d not found", number) } - hash, err := ethash.GetSeedHash(number) - if err != nil { - return "", err - } - return fmt.Sprintf("0x%x", hash), nil + return fmt.Sprintf("0x%x", pow.EthashSeedHash(number)), nil } // PrivateDebugAPI is the collection of Etheruem APIs exposed over the private diff --git a/les/helper_test.go b/les/helper_test.go index 2c6f34a92e..f6293ad1a5 100644 --- a/les/helper_test.go +++ b/les/helper_test.go @@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ import ( "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p/discover" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params" + "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pow" ) var ( @@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ func testRCL() RequestCostList { func newTestProtocolManager(lightSync bool, blocks int, generator func(int, *core.BlockGen)) (*ProtocolManager, ethdb.Database, *LesOdr, error) { var ( evmux = new(event.TypeMux) - pow = new(core.FakePow) + pow = new(pow.FakePow) db, _ = ethdb.NewMemDatabase() genesis = core.WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(db, core.GenesisAccount{Address: testBankAddress, Balance: testBankFunds}) chainConfig = ¶ms.ChainConfig{HomesteadBlock: big.NewInt(0)} // homestead set to 0 because of chain maker diff --git a/light/lightchain.go b/light/lightchain.go index 773c0f38be..a45022e815 100644 --- a/light/lightchain.go +++ b/light/lightchain.go @@ -169,6 +169,9 @@ func (self *LightChain) loadLastState() error { headerTd := self.GetTd(header.Hash(), header.Number.Uint64()) log.Info("Loaded most recent local header", "number", header.Number, "hash", header.Hash(), "td", headerTd) + // Try to be smart and issue a pow verification for the head to pre-generate caches + go self.pow.Verify(types.NewBlockWithHeader(header)) + return nil } diff --git a/light/lightchain_test.go b/light/lightchain_test.go index 0ba9258873..8a99c69f13 100644 --- a/light/lightchain_test.go +++ b/light/lightchain_test.go @@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import ( "runtime" "testing" - "github.com/ethereum/ethash" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types" @@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ func newCanonical(n int) (ethdb.Database, *LightChain, error) { // Initialize a fresh chain with only a genesis block genesis, _ := core.WriteTestNetGenesisBlock(db) - blockchain, _ := NewLightChain(&dummyOdr{db: db}, testChainConfig(), core.FakePow{}, evmux) + blockchain, _ := NewLightChain(&dummyOdr{db: db}, testChainConfig(), pow.FakePow{}, evmux) // Create and inject the requested chain if n == 0 { return db, blockchain, nil @@ -82,15 +81,10 @@ func init() { runtime.GOMAXPROCS(runtime.NumCPU()) } -func thePow() pow.PoW { - pow, _ := ethash.NewForTesting() - return pow -} - func theLightChain(db ethdb.Database, t *testing.T) *LightChain { var eventMux event.TypeMux core.WriteTestNetGenesisBlock(db) - LightChain, err := NewLightChain(&dummyOdr{db: db}, testChainConfig(), thePow(), &eventMux) + LightChain, err := NewLightChain(&dummyOdr{db: db}, testChainConfig(), pow.NewTestEthash(), &eventMux) if err != nil { t.Error("failed creating LightChain:", err) t.FailNow() @@ -311,7 +305,7 @@ func (odr *dummyOdr) Retrieve(ctx context.Context, req OdrRequest) error { func chm(genesis *types.Block, db ethdb.Database) *LightChain { odr := &dummyOdr{db: db} var eventMux event.TypeMux - bc := &LightChain{odr: odr, chainDb: db, genesisBlock: genesis, eventMux: &eventMux, pow: core.FakePow{}} + bc := &LightChain{odr: odr, chainDb: db, genesisBlock: genesis, eventMux: &eventMux, pow: pow.FakePow{}} bc.hc, _ = core.NewHeaderChain(db, testChainConfig(), bc.Validator, bc.getProcInterrupt) bc.bodyCache, _ = lru.New(100) bc.bodyRLPCache, _ = lru.New(100) @@ -394,7 +388,7 @@ func TestReorgBadHeaderHashes(t *testing.T) { core.BadHashes[headers[3].Hash()] = true defer func() { delete(core.BadHashes, headers[3].Hash()) }() // Create a new chain manager and check it rolled back the state - ncm, err := NewLightChain(&dummyOdr{db: db}, testChainConfig(), core.FakePow{}, new(event.TypeMux)) + ncm, err := NewLightChain(&dummyOdr{db: db}, testChainConfig(), pow.FakePow{}, new(event.TypeMux)) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("failed to create new chain manager: %v", err) } diff --git a/light/odr_test.go b/light/odr_test.go index 6987db6440..e2eced3469 100644 --- a/light/odr_test.go +++ b/light/odr_test.go @@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import ( "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params" + "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pow" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie" "golang.org/x/net/context" @@ -247,7 +248,7 @@ func testChainGen(i int, block *core.BlockGen) { func testChainOdr(t *testing.T, protocol int, expFail uint64, fn odrTestFn) { var ( evmux = new(event.TypeMux) - pow = new(core.FakePow) + pow = new(pow.FakePow) sdb, _ = ethdb.NewMemDatabase() ldb, _ = ethdb.NewMemDatabase() genesis = core.WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(sdb, core.GenesisAccount{Address: testBankAddress, Balance: testBankFunds}) diff --git a/light/txpool_test.go b/light/txpool_test.go index af2dcbbef1..980c7c8987 100644 --- a/light/txpool_test.go +++ b/light/txpool_test.go @@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import ( "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params" + "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pow" "golang.org/x/net/context" ) @@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ func TestTxPool(t *testing.T) { var ( evmux = new(event.TypeMux) - pow = new(core.FakePow) + pow = new(pow.FakePow) sdb, _ = ethdb.NewMemDatabase() ldb, _ = ethdb.NewMemDatabase() genesis = core.WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(sdb, core.GenesisAccount{Address: testBankAddress, Balance: testBankFunds}) diff --git a/log/format.go b/log/format.go index c44ea8ed4b..e315b5237d 100644 --- a/log/format.go +++ b/log/format.go @@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ const ( // locationTrims are trimmed for display to avoid unwieldy log lines. var locationTrims = []string{ "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/", - "github.com/ethereum/ethash/", } // PrintOrigins sets or unsets log location (file:line) printing for terminal diff --git a/miner/agent.go b/miner/agent.go index 21300b5b91..3c407f20bb 100644 --- a/miner/agent.go +++ b/miner/agent.go @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ func (self *CpuAgent) mine(work *Work, stop <-chan struct{}) { log.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("(re)started agent[%d]. mining...\n", self.index)) // Mine - nonce, mixDigest := self.pow.Search(work.Block, stop, self.index) + nonce, mixDigest := self.pow.Search(work.Block, stop) if nonce != 0 { block := work.Block.WithMiningResult(types.EncodeNonce(nonce), common.BytesToHash(mixDigest)) self.returnCh <- &Result{work, block} @@ -121,5 +121,5 @@ func (self *CpuAgent) mine(work *Work, stop <-chan struct{}) { } func (self *CpuAgent) GetHashRate() int64 { - return self.pow.GetHashrate() + return int64(self.pow.Hashrate()) } diff --git a/miner/miner.go b/miner/miner.go index 33d77e174d..a91e1ef6b0 100644 --- a/miner/miner.go +++ b/miner/miner.go @@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ func (self *Miner) Mining() bool { } func (self *Miner) HashRate() (tot int64) { - tot += self.pow.GetHashrate() + tot += int64(self.pow.Hashrate()) // do we care this might race? is it worth we're rewriting some // aspects of the worker/locking up agents so we can get an accurate // hashrate? diff --git a/miner/remote_agent.go b/miner/remote_agent.go index ec9d2c1991..08c5fc6f08 100644 --- a/miner/remote_agent.go +++ b/miner/remote_agent.go @@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ import ( "sync/atomic" "time" - "github.com/ethereum/ethash" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log" @@ -115,7 +114,7 @@ func (a *RemoteAgent) GetWork() ([3]string, error) { block := a.currentWork.Block res[0] = block.HashNoNonce().Hex() - seedHash, _ := ethash.GetSeedHash(block.NumberU64()) + seedHash := pow.EthashSeedHash(block.NumberU64()) res[1] = common.BytesToHash(seedHash).Hex() // Calculate the "target" to be returned to the external miner n := big.NewInt(1) @@ -145,8 +144,8 @@ func (a *RemoteAgent) SubmitWork(nonce types.BlockNonce, mixDigest, hash common. } // Make sure the PoW solutions is indeed valid block := work.Block.WithMiningResult(nonce, mixDigest) - if !a.pow.Verify(block) { - log.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("Invalid PoW submitted for %x", hash)) + if err := a.pow.Verify(block); err != nil { + log.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("Invalid PoW submitted for %x: %v", hash, err)) return false } // Solutions seems to be valid, return to the miner and notify acceptance diff --git a/pow/block.go b/pow/block.go deleted file mode 100644 index 11807113dc..0000000000 --- a/pow/block.go +++ /dev/null @@ -1,37 +0,0 @@ -// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors -// This file is part of the go-ethereum library. -// -// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify -// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by -// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or -// (at your option) any later version. -// -// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details. -// -// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License -// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see . - -package pow - -import ( - "math/big" - - "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common" - "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types" -) - -type Block interface { - Difficulty() *big.Int - HashNoNonce() common.Hash - Nonce() uint64 - MixDigest() common.Hash - NumberU64() uint64 -} - -type ChainManager interface { - GetBlockByNumber(uint64) *types.Block - CurrentBlock() *types.Block -} diff --git a/pow/ethash.go b/pow/ethash.go index 91c758d94e..b22c65e0bd 100644 --- a/pow/ethash.go +++ b/pow/ethash.go @@ -17,1055 +17,189 @@ package pow import ( - "encoding/binary" - "io" + "bytes" + "errors" "math/big" - "runtime" "sync" - "sync/atomic" "time" - "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common" - "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil" - "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log" -) - -const ( - datasetInitBytes = 1 << 30 // Bytes in dataset at genesis - datasetGrowthBytes = 1 << 23 // Dataset growth per epoch - cacheInitBytes = 1 << 24 // Bytes in cache at genesis - cacheGrowthBytes = 1 << 17 // Cache growth per epoch - epochLength = 30000 // Blocks per epoch - mixBytes = 128 // Width of mix - hashBytes = 64 // Hash length in bytes - hashWords = 16 // Number of 32 bit ints in a hash - datasetParents = 256 // Number of parents of each dataset element - cacheRounds = 3 // Number of rounds in cache production - loopAccesses = 64 // Number of accesses in hashimoto loop + metrics "github.com/rcrowley/go-metrics" ) var ( - // Metadata fields to be compatible with the C++ ethash - ethashRevision = 23 // Data structure version - ethashMagic = hexutil.MustDecode("0xfee1deadbaddcafe") // Dataset dump magic number + ErrInvalidDifficulty = errors.New("non-positive difficulty") + ErrInvalidMixDigest = errors.New("invalid mix digest") + ErrInvalidPoW = errors.New("pow difficulty invalid") ) -// cacheSize calculates and returns the size of the ethash verification cache that -// belongs to a certain block number. The cache size grows linearly, however, we -// always take the highest prime below the linearly growing threshold in order to -// reduce the risk of accidental regularities leading to cyclic behavior. -func cacheSize(block uint64) uint64 { - // If we have a pre-generated value, use that - epoch := int(block / epochLength) - if epoch < len(cacheSizes) { - return cacheSizes[epoch] - } - // No known cache size, calculate manually (sanity branch only) - size := uint64(cacheInitBytes + cacheGrowthBytes*epoch - hashBytes) - for !new(big.Int).SetUint64(size / hashBytes).ProbablyPrime(1) { // Always accurate for n < 2^64 - size -= 2 * hashBytes - } - return size +var ( + // maxUint256 is a big integer representing 2^256-1 + maxUint256 = new(big.Int).Exp(big.NewInt(2), big.NewInt(256), big.NewInt(0)) +) + +// cache wraps an ethash cache with some metadata to allow easier concurrent use. +type cache struct { + epoch uint64 // Epoch for which this cache is relevant + cache []uint32 // The actual cache data content + used time.Time // Timestamp of the last use for smarter eviction + once sync.Once // Ensures the cache is generated only once + lock sync.Mutex // Ensures thread safety for updating the usage time } -// datasetSize calculates and returns the size of the ethash mining dataset that -// belongs to a certain block number. The dataset size grows linearly, however, we -// always take the highest prime below the linearly growing threshold in order to -// reduce the risk of accidental regularities leading to cyclic behavior. -func datasetSize(block uint64) uint64 { - // If we have a pre-generated value, use that - epoch := int(block / epochLength) - if epoch < len(datasetSizes) { - return datasetSizes[epoch] - } - // No known dataset size, calculate manually (sanity branch only) - size := uint64(datasetInitBytes + datasetGrowthBytes*epoch - mixBytes) - for !new(big.Int).SetUint64(size / mixBytes).ProbablyPrime(1) { // Always accurate for n < 2^64 - size -= 2 * mixBytes - } - return size -} - -// seedHash is the seed to use for generating a vrification cache and the mining -// dataset. -func seedHash(block uint64) []byte { - seed := make([]byte, 32) - if block < epochLength { - return seed - } - keccak256 := crypto.Keccak256Hasher() - for i := 0; i < int(block/epochLength); i++ { - seed = keccak256(seed) - } - return seed -} - -// generateCache creates a verification cache of a given size for an input seed. -// The cache production process involves first sequentially filling up 32 MB of -// memory, then performing two passes of Sergio Demian Lerner's RandMemoHash -// algorithm from Strict Memory Hard Hashing Functions (2014). The output is a -// set of 524288 64-byte values. -func generateCache(size uint64, seed []byte) []byte { - // Print some debug logs to allow analysis on low end devices - logger := log.New("size", size, "seed", hexutil.Bytes(seed)) - logger.Debug("Generating ethash cache") - - defer func(start time.Time) { - logger.Debug("Generated ethash cache", "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start))) - }(time.Now()) - - // Calculate the number of thoretical rows (we'll store in one buffer nonetheless) - rows := int(size) / hashBytes - - // Create a hasher to reuse between invocations - keccak512 := crypto.Keccak512Hasher() - - // Sequentially produce the initial dataset - cache := make([]byte, size) - copy(cache, keccak512(seed)) - for offset := uint64(hashBytes); offset < size; offset += hashBytes { - copy(cache[offset:], keccak512(cache[offset-hashBytes:offset])) - } - // Use a low-round version of randmemohash - temp := make([]byte, hashBytes) - - for i := 0; i < cacheRounds; i++ { - for j := 0; j < rows; j++ { - var ( - srcOff = ((j - 1 + rows) % rows) * hashBytes - dstOff = j * hashBytes - xorOff = (binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(cache[dstOff:]) % uint32(rows)) * hashBytes - ) - xorBytes(temp, cache[srcOff:srcOff+hashBytes], cache[xorOff:xorOff+hashBytes]) - copy(cache[dstOff:], keccak512(temp)) +// generate ensures that the cache content is generates. +func (c *cache) generate(test bool) { + c.once.Do(func() { + cacheSize := cacheSize(c.epoch*epochLength + 1) + if test { + cacheSize = 1024 } - } - return cache + rawCache := generateCache(cacheSize, seedHash(c.epoch*epochLength+1)) + c.cache = prepare(uint64(len(rawCache)), bytes.NewReader(rawCache)) + }) } -// prepare convers an ethash cache or dataset from a byte stream into the internal -// int representation. All ethash methods work with ints to avoid constant byte to -// int conversions as well as to handle both little and big endian systems. -func prepare(size uint64, r io.Reader) []uint32 { - ints := make([]uint32, size/4) +// Ethash is a PoW data struture implementing the ethash algorithm. +type Ethash struct { + cachedir string // Data directory to store the verification caches + dagdir string // Data directory to store full mining datasets - buffer := make([]byte, 4) - for i := 0; i < len(ints); i++ { - io.ReadFull(r, buffer) - ints[i] = binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(buffer) - } - return ints + caches map[uint64]*cache // In memory caches to avoid regenerating too often + future *cache // Pre-generated cache for the estimated future epoch + lock sync.Mutex // Ensures thread safety for the in-memory caches + + hashrate *metrics.StandardMeter // Meter tracking the average hashrate + + tester bool // Flag whether to use a smaller test dataset + shared bool // Flag whether to use a global chared dataset } -// fnv is an algorithm inspired by the FNV hash, which in some cases is used as -// a non-associative substitute for XOR. Note that we multiply the prime with -// the full 32-bit input, in contrast with the FNV-1 spec which multiplies the -// prime with one byte (octet) in turn. -func fnv(a, b uint32) uint32 { - return a*0x01000193 ^ b -} - -// fnvHash mixes in data into mix using the ethash fnv method. -func fnvHash(mix []uint32, data []uint32) { - for i := 0; i < len(mix); i++ { - mix[i] = mix[i]*0x01000193 ^ data[i] +// NewFullEthash creates a full sized ethash PoW scheme. +func NewFullEthash(cachedir, dagdir string) PoW { + return &Ethash{ + cachedir: cachedir, + dagdir: dagdir, + caches: make(map[uint64]*cache), } } -// generateDatasetItem combines data from 256 pseudorandomly selected cache nodes, -// and hashes that to compute a single dataset node. -func generateDatasetItem(cache []uint32, index uint32, keccak512 crypto.Hasher) []byte { - // Calculate the number of thoretical rows (we use one buffer nonetheless) - rows := uint32(len(cache) / hashWords) - - // Initialize the mix - mix := make([]byte, hashBytes) - - binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(mix, cache[(index%rows)*hashWords]^index) - for i := 1; i < hashWords; i++ { - binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(mix[i*4:], cache[(index%rows)*hashWords+uint32(i)]) +// NewTestEthash creates a small sized ethash PoW scheme useful only for testing +// purposes. +func NewTestEthash() PoW { + return &Ethash{ + caches: make(map[uint64]*cache), + tester: true, } - mix = keccak512(mix) - - // Convert the mix to uint32s to avoid constant bit shifting - intMix := make([]uint32, hashWords) - for i := 0; i < len(intMix); i++ { - intMix[i] = binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(mix[i*4:]) - } - // fnv it with a lot of random cache nodes based on index - for i := uint32(0); i < datasetParents; i++ { - parent := fnv(index^i, intMix[i%16]) % rows - fnvHash(intMix, cache[parent*hashWords:]) - } - // Flatten the uint32 mix into a binary one and return - for i, val := range intMix { - binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(mix[i*4:], val) - } - return keccak512(mix) } -// generateDataset generates the entire ethash dataset for mining. -func generateDataset(size uint64, cache []uint32) []byte { - // Print some debug logs to allow analysis on low end devices - logger := log.New("size", size) - logger.Debug("Generating ethash dataset") +// NewSharedEthash creates a full sized ethash PoW shared between all requesters +// running in the same process. +func NewSharedEthash() PoW { + return &Ethash{ + caches: make(map[uint64]*cache), + shared: true, + } +} - defer func(start time.Time) { - logger.Debug("Generated ethash dataset", "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start))) - }(time.Now()) +// Verify implements PoW, checking whether the given block satisfies the PoW +// difficulty requirements. +func (ethash *Ethash) Verify(block Block) error { + // Ensure twe have a valid difficulty for the block + difficulty := block.Difficulty() + if difficulty.Sign() <= 0 { + return ErrInvalidDifficulty + } + // Recompute the digest and PoW value and verify against the block + number := block.NumberU64() + cache := ethash.cache(number) - // Generate the dataset on many goroutines since it takes a while - dataset := make([]byte, size) - threads := runtime.NumCPU() + size := datasetSize(number) + if ethash.tester { + size = 32 * 1024 + } + digest, result := hashimotoLight(size, cache, block.HashNoNonce().Bytes(), block.Nonce()) + if !bytes.Equal(block.MixDigest().Bytes(), digest) { + return ErrInvalidMixDigest + } + target := new(big.Int).Div(maxUint256, difficulty) + if new(big.Int).SetBytes(result).Cmp(target) > 0 { + return ErrInvalidPoW + } + return nil +} - var pend sync.WaitGroup - pend.Add(threads) +// cache tries to retrieve a verification cache for the specified block number +// by first checking against a list of in-memory caches, then against caches +// stored on disk, and finally generating one if none can be found. +func (ethash *Ethash) cache(block uint64) []uint32 { + epoch := block / epochLength - var progress uint32 - for i := 0; i < threads; i++ { - go func(id int) { - defer pend.Done() + // If we have a PoW for that epoch, use that + ethash.lock.Lock() - // Create a hasher to reuse between invocations - keccak512 := crypto.Keccak512Hasher() - - // Calculate the data segment this thread should generate - batch := uint32(size / hashBytes / uint64(threads)) - start := uint32(id) * batch - limit := start + batch - if limit > uint32(size/hashBytes) { - limit = uint32(size / hashBytes) - } - // Calculate the dataset segment - percent := uint32(size / hashBytes / 100) - for index := start; index < limit; index++ { - copy(dataset[index*hashBytes:], generateDatasetItem(cache, index, keccak512)) - - if status := atomic.AddUint32(&progress, 1); status%percent == 0 { - logger.Info("Generating DAG in progress", "percentage", uint64(status*100)/(size/hashBytes)) + current, future := ethash.caches[epoch], (*cache)(nil) + if current == nil { + // No in-memory cache, evict the oldest if the cache limit was reached + for len(ethash.caches) >= 3 { + var evict *cache + for _, cache := range ethash.caches { + if evict == nil || evict.used.After(cache.used) { + evict = cache } } - }(i) - } - // Wait for all the generators to finish and return - pend.Wait() + delete(ethash.caches, evict.epoch) - return dataset -} - -// hashimoto aggregates data from the full dataset in order to produce our final -// value for a particular header hash and nonce. -func hashimoto(hash []byte, nonce uint64, size uint64, lookup func(index uint32) []uint32) ([]byte, []byte) { - // Calculate the number of thoretical rows (we use one buffer nonetheless) - rows := uint32(size / mixBytes) - - // Combine header+nonce into a 64 byte seed - seed := make([]byte, 40) - copy(seed, hash) - binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(seed[32:], nonce) - - seed = crypto.Keccak512(seed) - seedHead := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(seed) - - // Start the mix with replicated seed - mix := make([]uint32, mixBytes/4) - for i := 0; i < len(mix); i++ { - mix[i] = binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(seed[i%16*4:]) - } - // Mix in random dataset nodes - temp := make([]uint32, len(mix)) - - for i := 0; i < loopAccesses; i++ { - parent := fnv(uint32(i)^seedHead, mix[i%len(mix)]) % rows - for j := uint32(0); j < mixBytes/hashBytes; j++ { - copy(temp[j*hashWords:], lookup(2*parent+j)) + log.Debug("Evictinged ethash cache", "old", evict.epoch, "used", evict.used) } - fnvHash(mix, temp) - } - // Compress mix - for i := 0; i < len(mix); i += 4 { - mix[i/4] = fnv(fnv(fnv(mix[i], mix[i+1]), mix[i+2]), mix[i+3]) - } - mix = mix[:len(mix)/4] - - digest := make([]byte, common.HashLength) - for i, val := range mix { - binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(digest[i*4:], val) - } - return digest, crypto.Keccak256(append(seed, digest...)) -} - -// hashimotoLight aggregates data from the full dataset (using only a small -// in-memory cache) in order to produce our final value for a particular header -// hash and nonce. -func hashimotoLight(size uint64, cache []uint32, hash []byte, nonce uint64) ([]byte, []byte) { - keccak512 := crypto.Keccak512Hasher() - - lookup := func(index uint32) []uint32 { - rawData := generateDatasetItem(cache, index, keccak512) - - data := make([]uint32, len(rawData)/4) - for i := 0; i < len(data); i++ { - data[i] = binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(rawData[i*4:]) + // If we have the new cache pre-generated, use that, otherwise create a new one + if ethash.future != nil && ethash.future.epoch == epoch { + log.Debug("Using pre-generated cache", "epoch", epoch) + current, ethash.future = ethash.future, nil + } else { + log.Debug("Generating new ethash cache", "epoch", epoch) + current = &cache{epoch: epoch} + } + ethash.caches[epoch] = current + + // If we just used up the future cache, or need a refresh, regenerate + if ethash.future == nil || ethash.future.epoch <= epoch { + log.Debug("Pre-generating cache for the future", "epoch", epoch+1) + future = &cache{epoch: epoch + 1} + ethash.future = future } - return data } - return hashimoto(hash, nonce, size, lookup) + current.used = time.Now() + ethash.lock.Unlock() + + // Wait for generation finish, bump the timestamp and finalize the cache + current.once.Do(func() { + current.generate(ethash.tester) + }) + current.lock.Lock() + current.used = time.Now() + current.lock.Unlock() + + // If we exhusted the future cache, now's a goot time to regenerate it + if future != nil { + go future.generate(ethash.tester) + } + return current.cache } -// hashimotoFull aggregates data from the full dataset (using the full in-memory -// dataset) in order to produce our final value for a particular header hash and -// nonce. -func hashimotoFull(size uint64, dataset []uint32, hash []byte, nonce uint64) ([]byte, []byte) { - lookup := func(index uint32) []uint32 { - offset := index * hashWords - return dataset[offset : offset+hashWords] - } - return hashimoto(hash, nonce, size, lookup) +// Search implements PoW, attempting to find a nonce that satisfies the block's +// difficulty requirements. +func (ethash *Ethash) Search(block Block, stop <-chan struct{}) (uint64, []byte) { + return 0, nil } -// datasetSizes is a lookup table for the ethash dataset size for the first 2048 -// epochs (i.e. 61440000 blocks). -var datasetSizes = []uint64{ - 1073739904, 1082130304, 1090514816, 1098906752, 1107293056, - 1115684224, 1124070016, 1132461952, 1140849536, 1149232768, - 1157627776, 1166013824, 1174404736, 1182786944, 1191180416, - 1199568512, 1207958912, 1216345216, 1224732032, 1233124736, - 1241513344, 1249902464, 1258290304, 1266673792, 1275067264, - 1283453312, 1291844992, 1300234112, 1308619904, 1317010048, - 1325397376, 1333787776, 1342176128, 1350561664, 1358954368, - 1367339392, 1375731584, 1384118144, 1392507008, 1400897408, - 1409284736, 1417673344, 1426062464, 1434451072, 1442839168, - 1451229056, 1459615616, 1468006016, 1476394112, 1484782976, - 1493171584, 1501559168, 1509948032, 1518337664, 1526726528, - 1535114624, 1543503488, 1551892096, 1560278656, 1568669056, - 1577056384, 1585446272, 1593831296, 1602219392, 1610610304, - 1619000192, 1627386752, 1635773824, 1644164224, 1652555648, - 1660943488, 1669332608, 1677721216, 1686109312, 1694497664, - 1702886272, 1711274624, 1719661184, 1728047744, 1736434816, - 1744829056, 1753218944, 1761606272, 1769995904, 1778382464, - 1786772864, 1795157888, 1803550592, 1811937664, 1820327552, - 1828711552, 1837102976, 1845488768, 1853879936, 1862269312, - 1870656896, 1879048064, 1887431552, 1895825024, 1904212096, - 1912601216, 1920988544, 1929379456, 1937765504, 1946156672, - 1954543232, 1962932096, 1971321728, 1979707264, 1988093056, - 1996487552, 2004874624, 2013262208, 2021653888, 2030039936, - 2038430848, 2046819968, 2055208576, 2063596672, 2071981952, - 2080373632, 2088762752, 2097149056, 2105539712, 2113928576, - 2122315136, 2130700672, 2139092608, 2147483264, 2155872128, - 2164257664, 2172642176, 2181035392, 2189426048, 2197814912, - 2206203008, 2214587264, 2222979712, 2231367808, 2239758208, - 2248145024, 2256527744, 2264922752, 2273312128, 2281701248, - 2290086272, 2298476672, 2306867072, 2315251072, 2323639168, - 2332032128, 2340420224, 2348808064, 2357196416, 2365580416, - 2373966976, 2382363008, 2390748544, 2399139968, 2407530368, - 2415918976, 2424307328, 2432695424, 2441084288, 2449472384, - 2457861248, 2466247808, 2474637184, 2483026816, 2491414144, - 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17221811072, 17230198912, 17238588032, 17246976896, 17255360384, - 17263754624, 17272143232, 17280530048, 17288918912, 17297309312, - 17305696384, 17314085504, 17322475136, 17330863744, 17339252096, - 17347640192, 17356026496, 17364413824, 17372796544, 17381190016, - 17389583488, 17397972608, 17406360704, 17414748544, 17423135872, - 17431527296, 17439915904, 17448303232, 17456691584, 17465081728, - 17473468288, 17481857408, 17490247552, 17498635904, 17507022464, - 17515409024, 17523801728, 17532189824, 17540577664, 17548966016, - 17557353344, 17565741184, 17574131584, 17582519168, 17590907008, - 17599296128, 17607687808, 17616076672, 17624455808, 17632852352, - 17641238656, 17649630848, 17658018944, 17666403968, 17674794112, - 17683178368, 17691573376, 17699962496, 17708350592, 17716739968, - 17725126528, 17733517184, 17741898112, 17750293888, 17758673024, - 17767070336, 17775458432, 17783848832, 17792236928, 17800625536, - 17809012352, 17817402752, 17825785984, 17834178944, 17842563968, - 17850955648, 17859344512, 17867732864, 17876119424, 17884511872, - 17892900224, 17901287296, 17909677696, 17918058112, 17926451072, - 17934843776, 17943230848, 17951609216, 17960008576, 17968397696, - 17976784256, 17985175424, 17993564032, 18001952128, 18010339712, - 18018728576, 18027116672, 18035503232, 18043894144, 18052283264, - 18060672128, 18069056384, 18077449856, 18085837184, 18094225792, - 18102613376, 18111004544, 18119388544, 18127781248, 18136170368, - 18144558976, 18152947328, 18161336192, 18169724288, 18178108544, - 18186498944, 18194886784, 18203275648, 18211666048, 18220048768, - 18228444544, 18236833408, 18245220736} +// Hashrate implements PoW, returning the measured rate of the search invocations +// per second over the last minute. +func (ethash *Ethash) Hashrate() float64 { + return ethash.hashrate.Rate1() +} -// cacheSizes is a lookup table for the ethash verification cache size for the -// first 2048 epochs (i.e. 61440000 blocks). -var cacheSizes = []uint64{ - 16776896, 16907456, 17039296, 17170112, 17301056, 17432512, 17563072, - 17693888, 17824192, 17955904, 18087488, 18218176, 18349504, 18481088, - 18611392, 18742336, 18874304, 19004224, 19135936, 19267264, 19398208, - 19529408, 19660096, 19791424, 19922752, 20053952, 20184896, 20315968, - 20446912, 20576576, 20709184, 20840384, 20971072, 21102272, 21233216, - 21364544, 21494848, 21626816, 21757376, 21887552, 22019392, 22151104, - 22281536, 22412224, 22543936, 22675264, 22806464, 22935872, 23068096, - 23198272, 23330752, 23459008, 23592512, 23723968, 23854912, 23986112, - 24116672, 24247616, 24378688, 24509504, 24640832, 24772544, 24903488, - 25034432, 25165376, 25296704, 25427392, 25558592, 25690048, 25820096, - 25951936, 26081728, 26214208, 26345024, 26476096, 26606656, 26737472, - 26869184, 26998208, 27131584, 27262528, 27393728, 27523904, 27655744, - 27786688, 27917888, 28049344, 28179904, 28311488, 28441792, 28573504, - 28700864, 28835648, 28966208, 29096768, 29228608, 29359808, 29490752, - 29621824, 29752256, 29882816, 30014912, 30144448, 30273728, 30406976, - 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225181504, 225312704, 225443776, 225574592, 225704768, 225834176, - 225966784, 226097216, 226229824, 226360384, 226491712, 226623424, - 226754368, 226885312, 227015104, 227147456, 227278528, 227409472, - 227539904, 227669696, 227802944, 227932352, 228065216, 228196288, - 228326464, 228457792, 228588736, 228720064, 228850112, 228981056, - 229113152, 229243328, 229375936, 229505344, 229636928, 229769152, - 229894976, 230030272, 230162368, 230292416, 230424512, 230553152, - 230684864, 230816704, 230948416, 231079616, 231210944, 231342016, - 231472448, 231603776, 231733952, 231866176, 231996736, 232127296, - 232259392, 232388672, 232521664, 232652608, 232782272, 232914496, - 233043904, 233175616, 233306816, 233438528, 233569984, 233699776, - 233830592, 233962688, 234092224, 234221888, 234353984, 234485312, - 234618304, 234749888, 234880832, 235011776, 235142464, 235274048, - 235403456, 235535936, 235667392, 235797568, 235928768, 236057152, - 236190272, 236322752, 236453312, 236583616, 236715712, 236846528, - 236976448, 237108544, 237239104, 237371072, 237501632, 237630784, - 237764416, 237895232, 238026688, 238157632, 238286912, 238419392, - 238548032, 238681024, 238812608, 238941632, 239075008, 239206336, - 239335232, 239466944, 239599168, 239730496, 239861312, 239992384, - 240122816, 240254656, 240385856, 240516928, 240647872, 240779072, - 240909632, 241040704, 241171904, 241302848, 241433408, 241565248, - 241696192, 241825984, 241958848, 242088256, 242220224, 242352064, - 242481856, 242611648, 242744896, 242876224, 243005632, 243138496, - 243268672, 243400384, 243531712, 243662656, 243793856, 243924544, - 244054592, 244187072, 244316608, 244448704, 244580032, 244710976, - 244841536, 244972864, 245104448, 245233984, 245365312, 245497792, - 245628736, 245759936, 245889856, 246021056, 246152512, 246284224, - 246415168, 246545344, 246675904, 246808384, 246939584, 247070144, - 247199552, 247331648, 247463872, 247593536, 247726016, 247857088, - 247987648, 248116928, 248249536, 248380736, 248512064, 248643008, - 248773312, 248901056, 249036608, 249167552, 249298624, 249429184, - 249560512, 249692096, 249822784, 249954112, 250085312, 250215488, - 250345792, 250478528, 250608704, 250739264, 250870976, 251002816, - 251133632, 251263552, 251395136, 251523904, 251657792, 251789248, - 251919424, 252051392, 252182464, 252313408, 252444224, 252575552, - 252706624, 252836032, 252968512, 253099712, 253227584, 253361728, - 253493056, 253623488, 253754432, 253885504, 254017216, 254148032, - 254279488, 254410432, 254541376, 254672576, 254803264, 254933824, - 255065792, 255196736, 255326528, 255458752, 255589952, 255721408, - 255851072, 255983296, 256114624, 256244416, 256374208, 256507712, - 256636096, 256768832, 256900544, 257031616, 257162176, 257294272, - 257424448, 257555776, 257686976, 257818432, 257949632, 258079552, - 258211136, 258342464, 258473408, 258603712, 258734656, 258867008, - 258996544, 259127744, 259260224, 259391296, 259522112, 259651904, - 259784384, 259915328, 260045888, 260175424, 260308544, 260438336, - 260570944, 260700992, 260832448, 260963776, 261092672, 261226304, - 261356864, 261487936, 261619648, 261750592, 261879872, 262011968, - 262143424, 262274752, 262404416, 262537024, 262667968, 262799296, - 262928704, 263061184, 263191744, 263322944, 263454656, 263585216, - 263716672, 263847872, 263978944, 264108608, 264241088, 264371648, - 264501184, 264632768, 264764096, 264895936, 265024576, 265158464, - 265287488, 265418432, 265550528, 265681216, 265813312, 265943488, - 266075968, 266206144, 266337728, 266468032, 266600384, 266731072, - 266862272, 266993344, 267124288, 267255616, 267386432, 267516992, - 267648704, 267777728, 267910592, 268040512, 268172096, 268302784, - 268435264, 268566208, 268696256, 268828096, 268959296, 269090368, - 269221312, 269352256, 269482688, 269614784, 269745856, 269876416, - 270007616, 270139328, 270270272, 270401216, 270531904, 270663616, - 270791744, 270924736, 271056832, 271186112, 271317184, 271449536, - 271580992, 271711936, 271843136, 271973056, 272105408, 272236352, - 272367296, 272498368, 272629568, 272759488, 272891456, 273022784, - 273153856, 273284672, 273415616, 273547072, 273677632, 273808448, - 273937088, 274071488, 274200896, 274332992, 274463296, 274595392, - 274726208, 274857536, 274988992, 275118656, 275250496, 275382208, - 275513024, 275643968, 275775296, 275906368, 276037184, 276167872, - 276297664, 276429376, 276560576, 276692672, 276822976, 276955072, - 277085632, 277216832, 277347008, 277478848, 277609664, 277740992, - 277868608, 278002624, 278134336, 278265536, 278395328, 278526784, - 278657728, 278789824, 278921152, 279052096, 279182912, 279313088, - 279443776, 279576256, 279706048, 279838528, 279969728, 280099648, - 280230976, 280361408, 280493632, 280622528, 280755392, 280887104, - 281018176, 281147968, 281278912, 281411392, 281542592, 281673152, - 281803712, 281935552, 282066496, 282197312, 282329024, 282458816, - 282590272, 282720832, 282853184, 282983744, 283115072, 283246144, - 283377344, 283508416, 283639744, 283770304, 283901504, 284032576, - 284163136, 284294848, 284426176, 284556992, 284687296, 284819264, - 284950208, 285081536} +// EthashSeedHash is the seed to use for generating a vrification cache and the +// mining dataset. +func EthashSeedHash(block uint64) []byte { + return seedHash(block) +} diff --git a/pow/ethash_algo.go b/pow/ethash_algo.go new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fcd6af9952 --- /dev/null +++ b/pow/ethash_algo.go @@ -0,0 +1,1071 @@ +// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors +// This file is part of the go-ethereum library. +// +// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify +// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by +// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or +// (at your option) any later version. +// +// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details. +// +// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License +// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see . + +package pow + +import ( + "encoding/binary" + "io" + "math/big" + "runtime" + "sync" + "sync/atomic" + "time" + + "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common" + "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil" + "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto" + "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log" +) + +const ( + datasetInitBytes = 1 << 30 // Bytes in dataset at genesis + datasetGrowthBytes = 1 << 23 // Dataset growth per epoch + cacheInitBytes = 1 << 24 // Bytes in cache at genesis + cacheGrowthBytes = 1 << 17 // Cache growth per epoch + epochLength = 30000 // Blocks per epoch + mixBytes = 128 // Width of mix + hashBytes = 64 // Hash length in bytes + hashWords = 16 // Number of 32 bit ints in a hash + datasetParents = 256 // Number of parents of each dataset element + cacheRounds = 3 // Number of rounds in cache production + loopAccesses = 64 // Number of accesses in hashimoto loop +) + +var ( + // Metadata fields to be compatible with the C++ ethash + ethashRevision = 23 // Data structure version + ethashMagic = hexutil.MustDecode("0xfee1deadbaddcafe") // Dataset dump magic number +) + +// cacheSize calculates and returns the size of the ethash verification cache that +// belongs to a certain block number. The cache size grows linearly, however, we +// always take the highest prime below the linearly growing threshold in order to +// reduce the risk of accidental regularities leading to cyclic behavior. +func cacheSize(block uint64) uint64 { + // If we have a pre-generated value, use that + epoch := int(block / epochLength) + if epoch < len(cacheSizes) { + return cacheSizes[epoch] + } + // No known cache size, calculate manually (sanity branch only) + size := uint64(cacheInitBytes + cacheGrowthBytes*epoch - hashBytes) + for !new(big.Int).SetUint64(size / hashBytes).ProbablyPrime(1) { // Always accurate for n < 2^64 + size -= 2 * hashBytes + } + return size +} + +// datasetSize calculates and returns the size of the ethash mining dataset that +// belongs to a certain block number. The dataset size grows linearly, however, we +// always take the highest prime below the linearly growing threshold in order to +// reduce the risk of accidental regularities leading to cyclic behavior. +func datasetSize(block uint64) uint64 { + // If we have a pre-generated value, use that + epoch := int(block / epochLength) + if epoch < len(datasetSizes) { + return datasetSizes[epoch] + } + // No known dataset size, calculate manually (sanity branch only) + size := uint64(datasetInitBytes + datasetGrowthBytes*epoch - mixBytes) + for !new(big.Int).SetUint64(size / mixBytes).ProbablyPrime(1) { // Always accurate for n < 2^64 + size -= 2 * mixBytes + } + return size +} + +// seedHash is the seed to use for generating a verification cache and the mining +// dataset. +func seedHash(block uint64) []byte { + seed := make([]byte, 32) + if block < epochLength { + return seed + } + keccak256 := crypto.Keccak256Hasher() + for i := 0; i < int(block/epochLength); i++ { + seed = keccak256(seed) + } + return seed +} + +// generateCache creates a verification cache of a given size for an input seed. +// The cache production process involves first sequentially filling up 32 MB of +// memory, then performing two passes of Sergio Demian Lerner's RandMemoHash +// algorithm from Strict Memory Hard Hashing Functions (2014). The output is a +// set of 524288 64-byte values. +func generateCache(size uint64, seed []byte) []byte { + // Print some debug logs to allow analysis on low end devices + logger := log.New("size", size, "seed", hexutil.Bytes(seed)) + logger.Debug("Generating ethash cache") + + defer func(start time.Time) { + logger.Debug("Generated ethash cache", "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start))) + }(time.Now()) + + // Calculate the number of thoretical rows (we'll store in one buffer nonetheless) + rows := int(size) / hashBytes + + // Create a hasher to reuse between invocations + keccak512 := crypto.Keccak512Hasher() + + // Sequentially produce the initial dataset + cache := make([]byte, size) + copy(cache, keccak512(seed)) + for offset := uint64(hashBytes); offset < size; offset += hashBytes { + copy(cache[offset:], keccak512(cache[offset-hashBytes:offset])) + } + // Use a low-round version of randmemohash + temp := make([]byte, hashBytes) + + for i := 0; i < cacheRounds; i++ { + for j := 0; j < rows; j++ { + var ( + srcOff = ((j - 1 + rows) % rows) * hashBytes + dstOff = j * hashBytes + xorOff = (binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(cache[dstOff:]) % uint32(rows)) * hashBytes + ) + xorBytes(temp, cache[srcOff:srcOff+hashBytes], cache[xorOff:xorOff+hashBytes]) + copy(cache[dstOff:], keccak512(temp)) + } + } + return cache +} + +// prepare converts an ethash cache or dataset from a byte stream into the internal +// int representation. All ethash methods work with ints to avoid constant byte to +// int conversions as well as to handle both little and big endian systems. +func prepare(size uint64, r io.Reader) []uint32 { + ints := make([]uint32, size/4) + + buffer := make([]byte, 4) + for i := 0; i < len(ints); i++ { + io.ReadFull(r, buffer) + ints[i] = binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(buffer) + } + return ints +} + +// fnv is an algorithm inspired by the FNV hash, which in some cases is used as +// a non-associative substitute for XOR. Note that we multiply the prime with +// the full 32-bit input, in contrast with the FNV-1 spec which multiplies the +// prime with one byte (octet) in turn. +func fnv(a, b uint32) uint32 { + return a*0x01000193 ^ b +} + +// fnvHash mixes in data into mix using the ethash fnv method. +func fnvHash(mix []uint32, data []uint32) { + for i := 0; i < len(mix); i++ { + mix[i] = mix[i]*0x01000193 ^ data[i] + } +} + +// generateDatasetItem combines data from 256 pseudorandomly selected cache nodes, +// and hashes that to compute a single dataset node. +func generateDatasetItem(cache []uint32, index uint32, keccak512 crypto.Hasher) []byte { + // Calculate the number of thoretical rows (we use one buffer nonetheless) + rows := uint32(len(cache) / hashWords) + + // Initialize the mix + mix := make([]byte, hashBytes) + + binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(mix, cache[(index%rows)*hashWords]^index) + for i := 1; i < hashWords; i++ { + binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(mix[i*4:], cache[(index%rows)*hashWords+uint32(i)]) + } + mix = keccak512(mix) + + // Convert the mix to uint32s to avoid constant bit shifting + intMix := make([]uint32, hashWords) + for i := 0; i < len(intMix); i++ { + intMix[i] = binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(mix[i*4:]) + } + // fnv it with a lot of random cache nodes based on index + for i := uint32(0); i < datasetParents; i++ { + parent := fnv(index^i, intMix[i%16]) % rows + fnvHash(intMix, cache[parent*hashWords:]) + } + // Flatten the uint32 mix into a binary one and return + for i, val := range intMix { + binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(mix[i*4:], val) + } + return keccak512(mix) +} + +// generateDataset generates the entire ethash dataset for mining. +func generateDataset(size uint64, cache []uint32) []byte { + // Print some debug logs to allow analysis on low end devices + logger := log.New("size", size) + logger.Debug("Generating ethash dataset") + + defer func(start time.Time) { + logger.Debug("Generated ethash dataset", "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start))) + }(time.Now()) + + // Generate the dataset on many goroutines since it takes a while + dataset := make([]byte, size) + threads := runtime.NumCPU() + + var pend sync.WaitGroup + pend.Add(threads) + + var progress uint32 + for i := 0; i < threads; i++ { + go func(id int) { + defer pend.Done() + + // Create a hasher to reuse between invocations + keccak512 := crypto.Keccak512Hasher() + + // Calculate the data segment this thread should generate + batch := uint32(size / hashBytes / uint64(threads)) + start := uint32(id) * batch + limit := start + batch + if limit > uint32(size/hashBytes) { + limit = uint32(size / hashBytes) + } + // Calculate the dataset segment + percent := uint32(size / hashBytes / 100) + for index := start; index < limit; index++ { + copy(dataset[index*hashBytes:], generateDatasetItem(cache, index, keccak512)) + + if status := atomic.AddUint32(&progress, 1); status%percent == 0 { + logger.Info("Generating DAG in progress", "percentage", uint64(status*100)/(size/hashBytes)) + } + } + }(i) + } + // Wait for all the generators to finish and return + pend.Wait() + + return dataset +} + +// hashimoto aggregates data from the full dataset in order to produce our final +// value for a particular header hash and nonce. +func hashimoto(hash []byte, nonce uint64, size uint64, lookup func(index uint32) []uint32) ([]byte, []byte) { + // Calculate the number of thoretical rows (we use one buffer nonetheless) + rows := uint32(size / mixBytes) + + // Combine header+nonce into a 64 byte seed + seed := make([]byte, 40) + copy(seed, hash) + binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(seed[32:], nonce) + + seed = crypto.Keccak512(seed) + seedHead := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(seed) + + // Start the mix with replicated seed + mix := make([]uint32, mixBytes/4) + for i := 0; i < len(mix); i++ { + mix[i] = binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(seed[i%16*4:]) + } + // Mix in random dataset nodes + temp := make([]uint32, len(mix)) + + for i := 0; i < loopAccesses; i++ { + parent := fnv(uint32(i)^seedHead, mix[i%len(mix)]) % rows + for j := uint32(0); j < mixBytes/hashBytes; j++ { + copy(temp[j*hashWords:], lookup(2*parent+j)) + } + fnvHash(mix, temp) + } + // Compress mix + for i := 0; i < len(mix); i += 4 { + mix[i/4] = fnv(fnv(fnv(mix[i], mix[i+1]), mix[i+2]), mix[i+3]) + } + mix = mix[:len(mix)/4] + + digest := make([]byte, common.HashLength) + for i, val := range mix { + binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(digest[i*4:], val) + } + return digest, crypto.Keccak256(append(seed, digest...)) +} + +// hashimotoLight aggregates data from the full dataset (using only a small +// in-memory cache) in order to produce our final value for a particular header +// hash and nonce. +func hashimotoLight(size uint64, cache []uint32, hash []byte, nonce uint64) ([]byte, []byte) { + keccak512 := crypto.Keccak512Hasher() + + lookup := func(index uint32) []uint32 { + rawData := generateDatasetItem(cache, index, keccak512) + + data := make([]uint32, len(rawData)/4) + for i := 0; i < len(data); i++ { + data[i] = binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(rawData[i*4:]) + } + return data + } + return hashimoto(hash, nonce, size, lookup) +} + +// hashimotoFull aggregates data from the full dataset (using the full in-memory +// dataset) in order to produce our final value for a particular header hash and +// nonce. +func hashimotoFull(size uint64, dataset []uint32, hash []byte, nonce uint64) ([]byte, []byte) { + lookup := func(index uint32) []uint32 { + offset := index * hashWords + return dataset[offset : offset+hashWords] + } + return hashimoto(hash, nonce, size, lookup) +} + +// datasetSizes is a lookup table for the ethash dataset size for the first 2048 +// epochs (i.e. 61440000 blocks). +var datasetSizes = []uint64{ + 1073739904, 1082130304, 1090514816, 1098906752, 1107293056, + 1115684224, 1124070016, 1132461952, 1140849536, 1149232768, + 1157627776, 1166013824, 1174404736, 1182786944, 1191180416, + 1199568512, 1207958912, 1216345216, 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18027116672, 18035503232, 18043894144, 18052283264, + 18060672128, 18069056384, 18077449856, 18085837184, 18094225792, + 18102613376, 18111004544, 18119388544, 18127781248, 18136170368, + 18144558976, 18152947328, 18161336192, 18169724288, 18178108544, + 18186498944, 18194886784, 18203275648, 18211666048, 18220048768, + 18228444544, 18236833408, 18245220736} + +// cacheSizes is a lookup table for the ethash verification cache size for the +// first 2048 epochs (i.e. 61440000 blocks). +var cacheSizes = []uint64{ + 16776896, 16907456, 17039296, 17170112, 17301056, 17432512, 17563072, + 17693888, 17824192, 17955904, 18087488, 18218176, 18349504, 18481088, + 18611392, 18742336, 18874304, 19004224, 19135936, 19267264, 19398208, + 19529408, 19660096, 19791424, 19922752, 20053952, 20184896, 20315968, + 20446912, 20576576, 20709184, 20840384, 20971072, 21102272, 21233216, + 21364544, 21494848, 21626816, 21757376, 21887552, 22019392, 22151104, + 22281536, 22412224, 22543936, 22675264, 22806464, 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283770304, 283901504, 284032576, + 284163136, 284294848, 284426176, 284556992, 284687296, 284819264, + 284950208, 285081536} diff --git a/pow/ethash_test.go b/pow/ethash_algo_test.go similarity index 99% rename from pow/ethash_test.go rename to pow/ethash_algo_test.go index 43d899e219..253ddfa72e 100644 --- a/pow/ethash_test.go +++ b/pow/ethash_algo_test.go @@ -675,14 +675,14 @@ func TestHashimoto(t *testing.T) { } } -// Becnhmarks the cache generation performance. +// Benchmarks the cache generation performance. func BenchmarkCacheGeneration(b *testing.B) { for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { generateCache(cacheSize(1), make([]byte, 32)) } } -// Becnhmarks the dataset (small) generation performance. +// Benchmarks the dataset (small) generation performance. func BenchmarkSmallDatasetGeneration(b *testing.B) { rawCache := generateCache(65536, make([]byte, 32)) cache := prepare(uint64(len(rawCache)), bytes.NewReader(rawCache)) @@ -693,7 +693,7 @@ func BenchmarkSmallDatasetGeneration(b *testing.B) { } } -// Becnhmarks the light verification performace. +// Benchmarks the light verification performance. func BenchmarkHashimotoLight(b *testing.B) { var ( rawCache = generateCache(cacheSize(1), make([]byte, 32)) @@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ func BenchmarkHashimotoLight(b *testing.B) { } } -// Becnhmarks the full (small) verification performace. +// Benchmarks the full (small) verification performance. func BenchmarkHashimotoFullSmall(b *testing.B) { var ( rawCache = generateCache(65536, make([]byte, 32)) diff --git a/pow/pow.go b/pow/pow.go index 592d964751..4849adb3ea 100644 --- a/pow/pow.go +++ b/pow/pow.go @@ -16,9 +16,43 @@ package pow -type PoW interface { - Search(block Block, stop <-chan struct{}, index int) (uint64, []byte) - Verify(block Block) bool - GetHashrate() int64 - Turbo(bool) +import ( + "math/big" + + "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common" + "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types" +) + +type Block interface { + Difficulty() *big.Int + HashNoNonce() common.Hash + Nonce() uint64 + MixDigest() common.Hash + NumberU64() uint64 } + +type ChainManager interface { + GetBlockByNumber(uint64) *types.Block + CurrentBlock() *types.Block +} + +type PoW interface { + Verify(block Block) error + Search(block Block, stop <-chan struct{}) (uint64, []byte) + Hashrate() float64 +} + +// FakePow is a non-validating proof of work implementation. +// It returns true from Verify for any block. +type FakePow struct{} + +// Verify implements PoW, returning a success for an input. +func (pow FakePow) Verify(block Block) error { return nil } + +// Search implements PoW, returning the nonce 0 for any call. +func (pow FakePow) Search(block Block, stop <-chan struct{}) (uint64, []byte) { + return 0, nil +} + +// Hashrate implements PoW, returning 0. +func (pow FakePow) Hashrate() float64 { return 0 } diff --git a/tests/block_test_util.go b/tests/block_test_util.go index 06792cac17..456a4ccb86 100644 --- a/tests/block_test_util.go +++ b/tests/block_test_util.go @@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ import ( "strconv" "strings" - "github.com/ethereum/ethash" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state" @@ -36,6 +35,7 @@ import ( "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params" + "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pow" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp" ) @@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ func runBlockTest(homesteadBlock, daoForkBlock, gasPriceFork *big.Int, test *Blo core.WriteHeadBlockHash(db, test.Genesis.Hash()) evmux := new(event.TypeMux) config := ¶ms.ChainConfig{HomesteadBlock: homesteadBlock, DAOForkBlock: daoForkBlock, DAOForkSupport: true, EIP150Block: gasPriceFork} - chain, err := core.NewBlockChain(db, config, ethash.NewShared(), evmux, vm.Config{}) + chain, err := core.NewBlockChain(db, config, pow.NewSharedEthash(), evmux, vm.Config{}) if err != nil { return err }