diff --git a/accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go b/accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go
index dc7405ed19..3d5259b894 100644
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go
@@ -644,20 +644,33 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) callContract(ctx context.Context, call ethereum.CallM
 	if call.Value == nil {
 		call.Value = new(big.Int)
 	}
+
 	// Set infinite balance to the fake caller account.
 	from := stateDB.GetOrNewStateObject(call.From)
 	from.SetBalance(math.MaxBig256)
-	// Execute the call.
-	msg := callMsg{call}
 
-	txContext := core.NewEVMTxContext(msg)
-	evmContext := core.NewEVMBlockContext(header, b.blockchain, nil)
+	// Execute the call.
+	msg := &core.Message{
+		From:              call.From,
+		To:                call.To,
+		Value:             call.Value,
+		GasLimit:          call.Gas,
+		GasPrice:          call.GasPrice,
+		GasFeeCap:         call.GasFeeCap,
+		GasTipCap:         call.GasTipCap,
+		Data:              call.Data,
+		AccessList:        call.AccessList,
+		SkipAccountChecks: true,
+	}
+
 	// Create a new environment which holds all relevant information
 	// about the transaction and calling mechanisms.
+	txContext := core.NewEVMTxContext(msg)
+	evmContext := core.NewEVMBlockContext(header, b.blockchain, nil)
 	vmEnv := vm.NewEVM(evmContext, txContext, stateDB, b.config, vm.Config{NoBaseFee: true})
 	gasPool := new(core.GasPool).AddGas(math.MaxUint64)
 
-	return core.NewStateTransition(vmEnv, msg, gasPool).TransitionDb()
+	return core.ApplyMessage(vmEnv, msg, gasPool)
 }
 
 // SendTransaction updates the pending block to include the given transaction.
@@ -821,23 +834,6 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) Blockchain() *core.BlockChain {
 	return b.blockchain
 }
 
-// callMsg implements core.Message to allow passing it as a transaction simulator.
-type callMsg struct {
-	ethereum.CallMsg
-}
-
-func (m callMsg) From() common.Address         { return m.CallMsg.From }
-func (m callMsg) Nonce() uint64                { return 0 }
-func (m callMsg) IsFake() bool                 { return true }
-func (m callMsg) To() *common.Address          { return m.CallMsg.To }
-func (m callMsg) GasPrice() *big.Int           { return m.CallMsg.GasPrice }
-func (m callMsg) GasFeeCap() *big.Int          { return m.CallMsg.GasFeeCap }
-func (m callMsg) GasTipCap() *big.Int          { return m.CallMsg.GasTipCap }
-func (m callMsg) Gas() uint64                  { return m.CallMsg.Gas }
-func (m callMsg) Value() *big.Int              { return m.CallMsg.Value }
-func (m callMsg) Data() []byte                 { return m.CallMsg.Data }
-func (m callMsg) AccessList() types.AccessList { return m.CallMsg.AccessList }
-
 // filterBackend implements filters.Backend to support filtering for logs without
 // taking bloom-bits acceleration structures into account.
 type filterBackend struct {
diff --git a/cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/execution.go b/cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/execution.go
index b023dde932..5f796c1d66 100644
--- a/cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/execution.go
+++ b/cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/execution.go
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ func (pre *Prestate) Apply(vmConfig vm.Config, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig,
 	}
 
 	for i, tx := range txs {
-		msg, err := tx.AsMessage(signer, pre.Env.BaseFee)
+		msg, err := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, pre.Env.BaseFee)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Warn("rejected tx", "index", i, "hash", tx.Hash(), "error", err)
 			rejectedTxs = append(rejectedTxs, &rejectedTx{i, err.Error()})
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ func (pre *Prestate) Apply(vmConfig vm.Config, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig,
 		msgResult, err := core.ApplyMessage(evm, msg, gaspool)
 		if err != nil {
 			statedb.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot)
-			log.Info("rejected tx", "index", i, "hash", tx.Hash(), "from", msg.From(), "error", err)
+			log.Info("rejected tx", "index", i, "hash", tx.Hash(), "from", msg.From, "error", err)
 			rejectedTxs = append(rejectedTxs, &rejectedTx{i, err.Error()})
 			gaspool.SetGas(prevGas)
 			continue
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ func (pre *Prestate) Apply(vmConfig vm.Config, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig,
 			receipt.GasUsed = msgResult.UsedGas
 
 			// If the transaction created a contract, store the creation address in the receipt.
-			if msg.To() == nil {
+			if msg.To == nil {
 				receipt.ContractAddress = crypto.CreateAddress(evm.TxContext.Origin, tx.Nonce())
 			}
 
diff --git a/core/evm.go b/core/evm.go
index 35e12338ef..bd4f2b0e55 100644
--- a/core/evm.go
+++ b/core/evm.go
@@ -70,10 +70,10 @@ func NewEVMBlockContext(header *types.Header, chain ChainContext, author *common
 }
 
 // NewEVMTxContext creates a new transaction context for a single transaction.
-func NewEVMTxContext(msg Message) vm.TxContext {
+func NewEVMTxContext(msg *Message) vm.TxContext {
 	return vm.TxContext{
-		Origin:   msg.From(),
-		GasPrice: new(big.Int).Set(msg.GasPrice()),
+		Origin:   msg.From,
+		GasPrice: new(big.Int).Set(msg.GasPrice),
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/core/state_prefetcher.go b/core/state_prefetcher.go
index 867b47db53..c258eee4f4 100644
--- a/core/state_prefetcher.go
+++ b/core/state_prefetcher.go
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ func (p *statePrefetcher) Prefetch(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, c
 			return
 		}
 		// Convert the transaction into an executable message and pre-cache its sender
-		msg, err := tx.AsMessage(signer, header.BaseFee)
+		msg, err := TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, header.BaseFee)
 		if err != nil {
 			return // Also invalid block, bail out
 		}
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ func (p *statePrefetcher) Prefetch(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, c
 // precacheTransaction attempts to apply a transaction to the given state database
 // and uses the input parameters for its environment. The goal is not to execute
 // the transaction successfully, rather to warm up touched data slots.
-func precacheTransaction(msg types.Message, config *params.ChainConfig, gaspool *GasPool, statedb *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, evm *vm.EVM) error {
+func precacheTransaction(msg *Message, config *params.ChainConfig, gaspool *GasPool, statedb *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, evm *vm.EVM) error {
 	// Update the evm with the new transaction context.
 	evm.Reset(NewEVMTxContext(msg), statedb)
 	// Add addresses to access list if applicable
diff --git a/core/state_processor.go b/core/state_processor.go
index 163ea0a020..2fa9c41bcc 100644
--- a/core/state_processor.go
+++ b/core/state_processor.go
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ func (p *StateProcessor) Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, cfg
 	vmenv := vm.NewEVM(blockContext, vm.TxContext{}, statedb, p.config, cfg)
 	// Iterate over and process the individual transactions
 	for i, tx := range block.Transactions() {
-		msg, err := tx.AsMessage(types.MakeSigner(p.config, header.Number), header.BaseFee)
+		msg, err := TransactionToMessage(tx, types.MakeSigner(p.config, header.Number), header.BaseFee)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("could not apply tx %d [%v]: %w", i, tx.Hash().Hex(), err)
 		}
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ func (p *StateProcessor) Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, cfg
 	return receipts, allLogs, *usedGas, nil
 }
 
-func applyTransaction(msg types.Message, config *params.ChainConfig, gp *GasPool, statedb *state.StateDB, blockNumber *big.Int, blockHash common.Hash, tx *types.Transaction, usedGas *uint64, evm *vm.EVM) (*types.Receipt, error) {
+func applyTransaction(msg *Message, config *params.ChainConfig, gp *GasPool, statedb *state.StateDB, blockNumber *big.Int, blockHash common.Hash, tx *types.Transaction, usedGas *uint64, evm *vm.EVM) (*types.Receipt, error) {
 	// Create a new context to be used in the EVM environment.
 	txContext := NewEVMTxContext(msg)
 	evm.Reset(txContext, statedb)
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ func applyTransaction(msg types.Message, config *params.ChainConfig, gp *GasPool
 	receipt.GasUsed = result.UsedGas
 
 	// If the transaction created a contract, store the creation address in the receipt.
-	if msg.To() == nil {
+	if msg.To == nil {
 		receipt.ContractAddress = crypto.CreateAddress(evm.TxContext.Origin, tx.Nonce())
 	}
 
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ func applyTransaction(msg types.Message, config *params.ChainConfig, gp *GasPool
 // for the transaction, gas used and an error if the transaction failed,
 // indicating the block was invalid.
 func ApplyTransaction(config *params.ChainConfig, bc ChainContext, author *common.Address, gp *GasPool, statedb *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, tx *types.Transaction, usedGas *uint64, cfg vm.Config) (*types.Receipt, error) {
-	msg, err := tx.AsMessage(types.MakeSigner(config, header.Number), header.BaseFee)
+	msg, err := TransactionToMessage(tx, types.MakeSigner(config, header.Number), header.BaseFee)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/core/state_transition.go b/core/state_transition.go
index 653c6b1836..1802f1daf7 100644
--- a/core/state_transition.go
+++ b/core/state_transition.go
@@ -25,65 +25,9 @@ import (
 	cmath "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 )
 
-var emptyCodeHash = crypto.Keccak256Hash(nil)
-
-// StateTransition represents a state transition.
-//
-// == The State Transitioning Model
-//
-// A state transition is a change made when a transaction is applied to the current world
-// state. The state transitioning model does all the necessary work to work out a valid new
-// state root.
-//
-//  1. Nonce handling
-//  2. Pre pay gas
-//  3. Create a new state object if the recipient is nil
-//  4. Value transfer
-//
-// == If contract creation ==
-//
-//	4a. Attempt to run transaction data
-//	4b. If valid, use result as code for the new state object
-//
-// == end ==
-//
-//  5. Run Script section
-//  6. Derive new state root
-type StateTransition struct {
-	gp         *GasPool
-	msg        Message
-	gas        uint64
-	gasPrice   *big.Int
-	gasFeeCap  *big.Int
-	gasTipCap  *big.Int
-	initialGas uint64
-	value      *big.Int
-	data       []byte
-	state      vm.StateDB
-	evm        *vm.EVM
-}
-
-// Message represents a message sent to a contract.
-type Message interface {
-	From() common.Address
-	To() *common.Address
-
-	GasPrice() *big.Int
-	GasFeeCap() *big.Int
-	GasTipCap() *big.Int
-	Gas() uint64
-	Value() *big.Int
-
-	Nonce() uint64
-	IsFake() bool
-	Data() []byte
-	AccessList() types.AccessList
-}
-
 // ExecutionResult includes all output after executing given evm
 // message no matter the execution itself is successful or not.
 type ExecutionResult struct {
@@ -178,19 +122,47 @@ func toWordSize(size uint64) uint64 {
 	return (size + 31) / 32
 }
 
-// NewStateTransition initialises and returns a new state transition object.
-func NewStateTransition(evm *vm.EVM, msg Message, gp *GasPool) *StateTransition {
-	return &StateTransition{
-		gp:        gp,
-		evm:       evm,
-		msg:       msg,
-		gasPrice:  msg.GasPrice(),
-		gasFeeCap: msg.GasFeeCap(),
-		gasTipCap: msg.GasTipCap(),
-		value:     msg.Value(),
-		data:      msg.Data(),
-		state:     evm.StateDB,
+// A Message contains the data derived from a single transaction that is relevant to state
+// processing.
+type Message struct {
+	To         *common.Address
+	From       common.Address
+	Nonce      uint64
+	Value      *big.Int
+	GasLimit   uint64
+	GasPrice   *big.Int
+	GasFeeCap  *big.Int
+	GasTipCap  *big.Int
+	Data       []byte
+	AccessList types.AccessList
+
+	// When SkipAccountCheckss is true, the message nonce is not checked against the
+	// account nonce in state. It also disables checking that the sender is an EOA.
+	// This field will be set to true for operations like RPC eth_call.
+	SkipAccountChecks bool
+}
+
+// TransactionToMessage converts a transaction into a Message.
+func TransactionToMessage(tx *types.Transaction, s types.Signer, baseFee *big.Int) (*Message, error) {
+	msg := &Message{
+		Nonce:             tx.Nonce(),
+		GasLimit:          tx.Gas(),
+		GasPrice:          new(big.Int).Set(tx.GasPrice()),
+		GasFeeCap:         new(big.Int).Set(tx.GasFeeCap()),
+		GasTipCap:         new(big.Int).Set(tx.GasTipCap()),
+		To:                tx.To(),
+		Value:             tx.Value(),
+		Data:              tx.Data(),
+		AccessList:        tx.AccessList(),
+		SkipAccountChecks: false,
 	}
+	// If baseFee provided, set gasPrice to effectiveGasPrice.
+	if baseFee != nil {
+		msg.GasPrice = cmath.BigMin(msg.GasPrice.Add(msg.GasTipCap, baseFee), msg.GasFeeCap)
+	}
+	var err error
+	msg.From, err = types.Sender(s, tx)
+	return msg, err
 }
 
 // ApplyMessage computes the new state by applying the given message
@@ -200,82 +172,126 @@ func NewStateTransition(evm *vm.EVM, msg Message, gp *GasPool) *StateTransition
 // the gas used (which includes gas refunds) and an error if it failed. An error always
 // indicates a core error meaning that the message would always fail for that particular
 // state and would never be accepted within a block.
-func ApplyMessage(evm *vm.EVM, msg Message, gp *GasPool) (*ExecutionResult, error) {
+func ApplyMessage(evm *vm.EVM, msg *Message, gp *GasPool) (*ExecutionResult, error) {
 	return NewStateTransition(evm, msg, gp).TransitionDb()
 }
 
+// StateTransition represents a state transition.
+//
+// == The State Transitioning Model
+//
+// A state transition is a change made when a transaction is applied to the current world
+// state. The state transitioning model does all the necessary work to work out a valid new
+// state root.
+//
+//  1. Nonce handling
+//  2. Pre pay gas
+//  3. Create a new state object if the recipient is nil
+//  4. Value transfer
+//
+// == If contract creation ==
+//
+//	4a. Attempt to run transaction data
+//	4b. If valid, use result as code for the new state object
+//
+// == end ==
+//
+//  5. Run Script section
+//  6. Derive new state root
+type StateTransition struct {
+	gp           *GasPool
+	msg          *Message
+	gasRemaining uint64
+	initialGas   uint64
+	state        vm.StateDB
+	evm          *vm.EVM
+}
+
+// NewStateTransition initialises and returns a new state transition object.
+func NewStateTransition(evm *vm.EVM, msg *Message, gp *GasPool) *StateTransition {
+	return &StateTransition{
+		gp:    gp,
+		evm:   evm,
+		msg:   msg,
+		state: evm.StateDB,
+	}
+}
+
 // to returns the recipient of the message.
 func (st *StateTransition) to() common.Address {
-	if st.msg == nil || st.msg.To() == nil /* contract creation */ {
+	if st.msg == nil || st.msg.To == nil /* contract creation */ {
 		return common.Address{}
 	}
-	return *st.msg.To()
+	return *st.msg.To
 }
 
 func (st *StateTransition) buyGas() error {
-	mgval := new(big.Int).SetUint64(st.msg.Gas())
-	mgval = mgval.Mul(mgval, st.gasPrice)
+	mgval := new(big.Int).SetUint64(st.msg.GasLimit)
+	mgval = mgval.Mul(mgval, st.msg.GasPrice)
 	balanceCheck := mgval
-	if st.gasFeeCap != nil {
-		balanceCheck = new(big.Int).SetUint64(st.msg.Gas())
-		balanceCheck = balanceCheck.Mul(balanceCheck, st.gasFeeCap)
-		balanceCheck.Add(balanceCheck, st.value)
+	if st.msg.GasFeeCap != nil {
+		balanceCheck = new(big.Int).SetUint64(st.msg.GasLimit)
+		balanceCheck = balanceCheck.Mul(balanceCheck, st.msg.GasFeeCap)
+		balanceCheck.Add(balanceCheck, st.msg.Value)
 	}
-	if have, want := st.state.GetBalance(st.msg.From()), balanceCheck; have.Cmp(want) < 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v have %v want %v", ErrInsufficientFunds, st.msg.From().Hex(), have, want)
+	if have, want := st.state.GetBalance(st.msg.From), balanceCheck; have.Cmp(want) < 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v have %v want %v", ErrInsufficientFunds, st.msg.From.Hex(), have, want)
 	}
-	if err := st.gp.SubGas(st.msg.Gas()); err != nil {
+	if err := st.gp.SubGas(st.msg.GasLimit); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	st.gas += st.msg.Gas()
+	st.gasRemaining += st.msg.GasLimit
 
-	st.initialGas = st.msg.Gas()
-	st.state.SubBalance(st.msg.From(), mgval)
+	st.initialGas = st.msg.GasLimit
+	st.state.SubBalance(st.msg.From, mgval)
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (st *StateTransition) preCheck() error {
 	// Only check transactions that are not fake
-	if !st.msg.IsFake() {
+	msg := st.msg
+	if !msg.SkipAccountChecks {
 		// Make sure this transaction's nonce is correct.
-		stNonce := st.state.GetNonce(st.msg.From())
-		if msgNonce := st.msg.Nonce(); stNonce < msgNonce {
+		stNonce := st.state.GetNonce(msg.From)
+		if msgNonce := msg.Nonce; stNonce < msgNonce {
 			return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, tx: %d state: %d", ErrNonceTooHigh,
-				st.msg.From().Hex(), msgNonce, stNonce)
+				msg.From.Hex(), msgNonce, stNonce)
 		} else if stNonce > msgNonce {
 			return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, tx: %d state: %d", ErrNonceTooLow,
-				st.msg.From().Hex(), msgNonce, stNonce)
+				msg.From.Hex(), msgNonce, stNonce)
 		} else if stNonce+1 < stNonce {
 			return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, nonce: %d", ErrNonceMax,
-				st.msg.From().Hex(), stNonce)
+				msg.From.Hex(), stNonce)
 		}
 		// Make sure the sender is an EOA
-		if codeHash := st.state.GetCodeHash(st.msg.From()); codeHash != emptyCodeHash && codeHash != (common.Hash{}) {
+		codeHash := st.state.GetCodeHash(msg.From)
+		if codeHash != (common.Hash{}) && codeHash != types.EmptyCodeHash {
 			return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, codehash: %s", ErrSenderNoEOA,
-				st.msg.From().Hex(), codeHash)
+				msg.From.Hex(), codeHash)
 		}
 	}
+
 	// Make sure that transaction gasFeeCap is greater than the baseFee (post london)
 	if st.evm.ChainConfig().IsLondon(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber) {
 		// Skip the checks if gas fields are zero and baseFee was explicitly disabled (eth_call)
-		if !st.evm.Config.NoBaseFee || st.gasFeeCap.BitLen() > 0 || st.gasTipCap.BitLen() > 0 {
-			if l := st.gasFeeCap.BitLen(); l > 256 {
+		if !st.evm.Config.NoBaseFee || msg.GasFeeCap.BitLen() > 0 || msg.GasTipCap.BitLen() > 0 {
+			if l := msg.GasFeeCap.BitLen(); l > 256 {
 				return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, maxFeePerGas bit length: %d", ErrFeeCapVeryHigh,
-					st.msg.From().Hex(), l)
+					msg.From.Hex(), l)
 			}
-			if l := st.gasTipCap.BitLen(); l > 256 {
+			if l := msg.GasTipCap.BitLen(); l > 256 {
 				return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, maxPriorityFeePerGas bit length: %d", ErrTipVeryHigh,
-					st.msg.From().Hex(), l)
+					msg.From.Hex(), l)
 			}
-			if st.gasFeeCap.Cmp(st.gasTipCap) < 0 {
+			if msg.GasFeeCap.Cmp(msg.GasTipCap) < 0 {
 				return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, maxPriorityFeePerGas: %s, maxFeePerGas: %s", ErrTipAboveFeeCap,
-					st.msg.From().Hex(), st.gasTipCap, st.gasFeeCap)
+					msg.From.Hex(), msg.GasTipCap, msg.GasFeeCap)
 			}
 			// This will panic if baseFee is nil, but basefee presence is verified
 			// as part of header validation.
-			if st.gasFeeCap.Cmp(st.evm.Context.BaseFee) < 0 {
+			if msg.GasFeeCap.Cmp(st.evm.Context.BaseFee) < 0 {
 				return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, maxFeePerGas: %s baseFee: %s", ErrFeeCapTooLow,
-					st.msg.From().Hex(), st.gasFeeCap, st.evm.Context.BaseFee)
+					msg.From.Hex(), msg.GasFeeCap, st.evm.Context.BaseFee)
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -311,52 +327,52 @@ func (st *StateTransition) TransitionDb() (*ExecutionResult, error) {
 	if st.evm.Config.Debug {
 		st.evm.Config.Tracer.CaptureTxStart(st.initialGas)
 		defer func() {
-			st.evm.Config.Tracer.CaptureTxEnd(st.gas)
+			st.evm.Config.Tracer.CaptureTxEnd(st.gasRemaining)
 		}()
 	}
 
 	var (
 		msg              = st.msg
-		sender           = vm.AccountRef(msg.From())
+		sender           = vm.AccountRef(msg.From)
 		rules            = st.evm.ChainConfig().Rules(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber, st.evm.Context.Random != nil, st.evm.Context.Time)
-		contractCreation = msg.To() == nil
+		contractCreation = msg.To == nil
 	)
 
 	// Check clauses 4-5, subtract intrinsic gas if everything is correct
-	gas, err := IntrinsicGas(st.data, st.msg.AccessList(), contractCreation, rules.IsHomestead, rules.IsIstanbul, rules.IsShanghai)
+	gas, err := IntrinsicGas(msg.Data, msg.AccessList, contractCreation, rules.IsHomestead, rules.IsIstanbul, rules.IsShanghai)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if st.gas < gas {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: have %d, want %d", ErrIntrinsicGas, st.gas, gas)
+	if st.gasRemaining < gas {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: have %d, want %d", ErrIntrinsicGas, st.gasRemaining, gas)
 	}
-	st.gas -= gas
+	st.gasRemaining -= gas
 
 	// Check clause 6
-	if msg.Value().Sign() > 0 && !st.evm.Context.CanTransfer(st.state, msg.From(), msg.Value()) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v", ErrInsufficientFundsForTransfer, msg.From().Hex())
+	if msg.Value.Sign() > 0 && !st.evm.Context.CanTransfer(st.state, msg.From, msg.Value) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v", ErrInsufficientFundsForTransfer, msg.From.Hex())
 	}
 
 	// Check whether the init code size has been exceeded.
-	if rules.IsShanghai && contractCreation && len(st.data) > params.MaxInitCodeSize {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: code size %v limit %v", ErrMaxInitCodeSizeExceeded, len(st.data), params.MaxInitCodeSize)
+	if rules.IsShanghai && contractCreation && len(msg.Data) > params.MaxInitCodeSize {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: code size %v limit %v", ErrMaxInitCodeSizeExceeded, len(msg.Data), params.MaxInitCodeSize)
 	}
 
 	// Execute the preparatory steps for state transition which includes:
 	// - prepare accessList(post-berlin)
 	// - reset transient storage(eip 1153)
-	st.state.Prepare(rules, msg.From(), st.evm.Context.Coinbase, msg.To(), vm.ActivePrecompiles(rules), msg.AccessList())
+	st.state.Prepare(rules, msg.From, st.evm.Context.Coinbase, msg.To, vm.ActivePrecompiles(rules), msg.AccessList)
 
 	var (
 		ret   []byte
 		vmerr error // vm errors do not effect consensus and are therefore not assigned to err
 	)
 	if contractCreation {
-		ret, _, st.gas, vmerr = st.evm.Create(sender, st.data, st.gas, st.value)
+		ret, _, st.gasRemaining, vmerr = st.evm.Create(sender, msg.Data, st.gasRemaining, msg.Value)
 	} else {
 		// Increment the nonce for the next transaction
-		st.state.SetNonce(msg.From(), st.state.GetNonce(sender.Address())+1)
-		ret, st.gas, vmerr = st.evm.Call(sender, st.to(), st.data, st.gas, st.value)
+		st.state.SetNonce(msg.From, st.state.GetNonce(sender.Address())+1)
+		ret, st.gasRemaining, vmerr = st.evm.Call(sender, st.to(), msg.Data, st.gasRemaining, msg.Value)
 	}
 
 	if !rules.IsLondon {
@@ -366,12 +382,12 @@ func (st *StateTransition) TransitionDb() (*ExecutionResult, error) {
 		// After EIP-3529: refunds are capped to gasUsed / 5
 		st.refundGas(params.RefundQuotientEIP3529)
 	}
-	effectiveTip := st.gasPrice
+	effectiveTip := msg.GasPrice
 	if rules.IsLondon {
-		effectiveTip = cmath.BigMin(st.gasTipCap, new(big.Int).Sub(st.gasFeeCap, st.evm.Context.BaseFee))
+		effectiveTip = cmath.BigMin(msg.GasTipCap, new(big.Int).Sub(msg.GasFeeCap, st.evm.Context.BaseFee))
 	}
 
-	if st.evm.Config.NoBaseFee && st.gasFeeCap.Sign() == 0 && st.gasTipCap.Sign() == 0 {
+	if st.evm.Config.NoBaseFee && msg.GasFeeCap.Sign() == 0 && msg.GasTipCap.Sign() == 0 {
 		// Skip fee payment when NoBaseFee is set and the fee fields
 		// are 0. This avoids a negative effectiveTip being applied to
 		// the coinbase when simulating calls.
@@ -394,18 +410,18 @@ func (st *StateTransition) refundGas(refundQuotient uint64) {
 	if refund > st.state.GetRefund() {
 		refund = st.state.GetRefund()
 	}
-	st.gas += refund
+	st.gasRemaining += refund
 
 	// Return ETH for remaining gas, exchanged at the original rate.
-	remaining := new(big.Int).Mul(new(big.Int).SetUint64(st.gas), st.gasPrice)
-	st.state.AddBalance(st.msg.From(), remaining)
+	remaining := new(big.Int).Mul(new(big.Int).SetUint64(st.gasRemaining), st.msg.GasPrice)
+	st.state.AddBalance(st.msg.From, remaining)
 
 	// Also return remaining gas to the block gas counter so it is
 	// available for the next transaction.
-	st.gp.AddGas(st.gas)
+	st.gp.AddGas(st.gasRemaining)
 }
 
 // gasUsed returns the amount of gas used up by the state transition.
 func (st *StateTransition) gasUsed() uint64 {
-	return st.initialGas - st.gas
+	return st.initialGas - st.gasRemaining
 }
diff --git a/core/types/transaction.go b/core/types/transaction.go
index cd212edbe3..89192f049b 100644
--- a/core/types/transaction.go
+++ b/core/types/transaction.go
@@ -589,74 +589,6 @@ func (t *TransactionsByPriceAndNonce) Pop() {
 	heap.Pop(&t.heads)
 }
 
-// Message is a fully derived transaction and implements core.Message
-//
-// NOTE: In a future PR this will be removed.
-type Message struct {
-	to         *common.Address
-	from       common.Address
-	nonce      uint64
-	amount     *big.Int
-	gasLimit   uint64
-	gasPrice   *big.Int
-	gasFeeCap  *big.Int
-	gasTipCap  *big.Int
-	data       []byte
-	accessList AccessList
-	isFake     bool
-}
-
-func NewMessage(from common.Address, to *common.Address, nonce uint64, amount *big.Int, gasLimit uint64, gasPrice, gasFeeCap, gasTipCap *big.Int, data []byte, accessList AccessList, isFake bool) Message {
-	return Message{
-		from:       from,
-		to:         to,
-		nonce:      nonce,
-		amount:     amount,
-		gasLimit:   gasLimit,
-		gasPrice:   gasPrice,
-		gasFeeCap:  gasFeeCap,
-		gasTipCap:  gasTipCap,
-		data:       data,
-		accessList: accessList,
-		isFake:     isFake,
-	}
-}
-
-// AsMessage returns the transaction as a core.Message.
-func (tx *Transaction) AsMessage(s Signer, baseFee *big.Int) (Message, error) {
-	msg := Message{
-		nonce:      tx.Nonce(),
-		gasLimit:   tx.Gas(),
-		gasPrice:   new(big.Int).Set(tx.GasPrice()),
-		gasFeeCap:  new(big.Int).Set(tx.GasFeeCap()),
-		gasTipCap:  new(big.Int).Set(tx.GasTipCap()),
-		to:         tx.To(),
-		amount:     tx.Value(),
-		data:       tx.Data(),
-		accessList: tx.AccessList(),
-		isFake:     false,
-	}
-	// If baseFee provided, set gasPrice to effectiveGasPrice.
-	if baseFee != nil {
-		msg.gasPrice = math.BigMin(msg.gasPrice.Add(msg.gasTipCap, baseFee), msg.gasFeeCap)
-	}
-	var err error
-	msg.from, err = Sender(s, tx)
-	return msg, err
-}
-
-func (m Message) From() common.Address   { return m.from }
-func (m Message) To() *common.Address    { return m.to }
-func (m Message) GasPrice() *big.Int     { return m.gasPrice }
-func (m Message) GasFeeCap() *big.Int    { return m.gasFeeCap }
-func (m Message) GasTipCap() *big.Int    { return m.gasTipCap }
-func (m Message) Value() *big.Int        { return m.amount }
-func (m Message) Gas() uint64            { return m.gasLimit }
-func (m Message) Nonce() uint64          { return m.nonce }
-func (m Message) Data() []byte           { return m.data }
-func (m Message) AccessList() AccessList { return m.accessList }
-func (m Message) IsFake() bool           { return m.isFake }
-
 // copyAddressPtr copies an address.
 func copyAddressPtr(a *common.Address) *common.Address {
 	if a == nil {
diff --git a/eth/api_backend.go b/eth/api_backend.go
index e7daea2f6c..78b9b08ecb 100644
--- a/eth/api_backend.go
+++ b/eth/api_backend.go
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ func (b *EthAPIBackend) GetTd(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash) *big.Int {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (b *EthAPIBackend) GetEVM(ctx context.Context, msg core.Message, state *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, vmConfig *vm.Config) (*vm.EVM, func() error, error) {
+func (b *EthAPIBackend) GetEVM(ctx context.Context, msg *core.Message, state *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, vmConfig *vm.Config) (*vm.EVM, func() error, error) {
 	if vmConfig == nil {
 		vmConfig = b.eth.blockchain.GetVMConfig()
 	}
@@ -382,6 +382,6 @@ func (b *EthAPIBackend) StateAtBlock(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, re
 	return b.eth.StateAtBlock(ctx, block, reexec, base, readOnly, preferDisk)
 }
 
-func (b *EthAPIBackend) StateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec uint64) (core.Message, vm.BlockContext, *state.StateDB, tracers.StateReleaseFunc, error) {
+func (b *EthAPIBackend) StateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec uint64) (*core.Message, vm.BlockContext, *state.StateDB, tracers.StateReleaseFunc, error) {
 	return b.eth.stateAtTransaction(ctx, block, txIndex, reexec)
 }
diff --git a/eth/state_accessor.go b/eth/state_accessor.go
index 3bb1464952..59b4714255 100644
--- a/eth/state_accessor.go
+++ b/eth/state_accessor.go
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ func (eth *Ethereum) StateAtBlock(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, reexe
 }
 
 // stateAtTransaction returns the execution environment of a certain transaction.
-func (eth *Ethereum) stateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec uint64) (core.Message, vm.BlockContext, *state.StateDB, tracers.StateReleaseFunc, error) {
+func (eth *Ethereum) stateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec uint64) (*core.Message, vm.BlockContext, *state.StateDB, tracers.StateReleaseFunc, error) {
 	// Short circuit if it's genesis block.
 	if block.NumberU64() == 0 {
 		return nil, vm.BlockContext{}, nil, nil, errors.New("no transaction in genesis")
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ func (eth *Ethereum) stateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block,
 	signer := types.MakeSigner(eth.blockchain.Config(), block.Number())
 	for idx, tx := range block.Transactions() {
 		// Assemble the transaction call message and return if the requested offset
-		msg, _ := tx.AsMessage(signer, block.BaseFee())
+		msg, _ := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, block.BaseFee())
 		txContext := core.NewEVMTxContext(msg)
 		context := core.NewEVMBlockContext(block.Header(), eth.blockchain, nil)
 		if idx == txIndex {
diff --git a/eth/tracers/api.go b/eth/tracers/api.go
index d4cda67c90..58ad0c3c9a 100644
--- a/eth/tracers/api.go
+++ b/eth/tracers/api.go
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ type Backend interface {
 	Engine() consensus.Engine
 	ChainDb() ethdb.Database
 	StateAtBlock(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, reexec uint64, base *state.StateDB, readOnly bool, preferDisk bool) (*state.StateDB, StateReleaseFunc, error)
-	StateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec uint64) (core.Message, vm.BlockContext, *state.StateDB, StateReleaseFunc, error)
+	StateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec uint64) (*core.Message, vm.BlockContext, *state.StateDB, StateReleaseFunc, error)
 }
 
 // API is the collection of tracing APIs exposed over the private debugging endpoint.
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ func (api *API) traceChain(start, end *types.Block, config *TraceConfig, closed
 				)
 				// Trace all the transactions contained within
 				for i, tx := range task.block.Transactions() {
-					msg, _ := tx.AsMessage(signer, task.block.BaseFee())
+					msg, _ := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, task.block.BaseFee())
 					txctx := &Context{
 						BlockHash:   task.block.Hash(),
 						BlockNumber: task.block.Number(),
@@ -554,12 +554,12 @@ func (api *API) IntermediateRoots(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash, config
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		var (
-			msg, _    = tx.AsMessage(signer, block.BaseFee())
+			msg, _    = core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, block.BaseFee())
 			txContext = core.NewEVMTxContext(msg)
 			vmenv     = vm.NewEVM(vmctx, txContext, statedb, chainConfig, vm.Config{})
 		)
 		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), i)
-		if _, err := core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, msg, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(msg.Gas())); err != nil {
+		if _, err := core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, msg, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(msg.GasLimit)); err != nil {
 			log.Warn("Tracing intermediate roots did not complete", "txindex", i, "txhash", tx.Hash(), "err", err)
 			// We intentionally don't return the error here: if we do, then the RPC server will not
 			// return the roots. Most likely, the caller already knows that a certain transaction fails to
@@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ func (api *API) traceBlock(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, config *Trac
 	)
 	for i, tx := range txs {
 		// Generate the next state snapshot fast without tracing
-		msg, _ := tx.AsMessage(signer, block.BaseFee())
+		msg, _ := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, block.BaseFee())
 		txctx := &Context{
 			BlockHash:   blockHash,
 			BlockNumber: block.Number(),
@@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ func (api *API) traceBlockParallel(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, stat
 			defer pend.Done()
 			// Fetch and execute the next transaction trace tasks
 			for task := range jobs {
-				msg, _ := txs[task.index].AsMessage(signer, block.BaseFee())
+				msg, _ := core.TransactionToMessage(txs[task.index], signer, block.BaseFee())
 				txctx := &Context{
 					BlockHash:   blockHash,
 					BlockNumber: block.Number(),
@@ -702,10 +702,10 @@ txloop:
 		}
 
 		// Generate the next state snapshot fast without tracing
-		msg, _ := tx.AsMessage(signer, block.BaseFee())
+		msg, _ := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, block.BaseFee())
 		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), i)
 		vmenv := vm.NewEVM(blockCtx, core.NewEVMTxContext(msg), statedb, api.backend.ChainConfig(), vm.Config{})
-		if _, err := core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, msg, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(msg.Gas())); err != nil {
+		if _, err := core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, msg, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(msg.GasLimit)); err != nil {
 			failed = err
 			break txloop
 		}
@@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ func (api *API) standardTraceBlockToFile(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block
 	for i, tx := range block.Transactions() {
 		// Prepare the transaction for un-traced execution
 		var (
-			msg, _    = tx.AsMessage(signer, block.BaseFee())
+			msg, _    = core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, block.BaseFee())
 			txContext = core.NewEVMTxContext(msg)
 			vmConf    vm.Config
 			dump      *os.File
@@ -813,7 +813,7 @@ func (api *API) standardTraceBlockToFile(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block
 		// Execute the transaction and flush any traces to disk
 		vmenv := vm.NewEVM(vmctx, txContext, statedb, chainConfig, vmConf)
 		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), i)
-		_, err = core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, msg, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(msg.Gas()))
+		_, err = core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, msg, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(msg.GasLimit))
 		if writer != nil {
 			writer.Flush()
 		}
@@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ func (api *API) TraceCall(ctx context.Context, args ethapi.TransactionArgs, bloc
 // traceTx configures a new tracer according to the provided configuration, and
 // executes the given message in the provided environment. The return value will
 // be tracer dependent.
-func (api *API) traceTx(ctx context.Context, message core.Message, txctx *Context, vmctx vm.BlockContext, statedb *state.StateDB, config *TraceConfig) (interface{}, error) {
+func (api *API) traceTx(ctx context.Context, message *core.Message, txctx *Context, vmctx vm.BlockContext, statedb *state.StateDB, config *TraceConfig) (interface{}, error) {
 	var (
 		tracer    Tracer
 		err       error
@@ -986,7 +986,7 @@ func (api *API) traceTx(ctx context.Context, message core.Message, txctx *Contex
 
 	// Call Prepare to clear out the statedb access list
 	statedb.SetTxContext(txctx.TxHash, txctx.TxIndex)
-	if _, err = core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, message, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(message.Gas())); err != nil {
+	if _, err = core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, message, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(message.GasLimit)); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("tracing failed: %w", err)
 	}
 	return tracer.GetResult()
diff --git a/eth/tracers/api_test.go b/eth/tracers/api_test.go
index b0dae4ca3e..b1eaf60b16 100644
--- a/eth/tracers/api_test.go
+++ b/eth/tracers/api_test.go
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ func (b *testBackend) StateAtBlock(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, reex
 	return statedb, release, nil
 }
 
-func (b *testBackend) StateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec uint64) (core.Message, vm.BlockContext, *state.StateDB, StateReleaseFunc, error) {
+func (b *testBackend) StateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec uint64) (*core.Message, vm.BlockContext, *state.StateDB, StateReleaseFunc, error) {
 	parent := b.chain.GetBlock(block.ParentHash(), block.NumberU64()-1)
 	if parent == nil {
 		return nil, vm.BlockContext{}, nil, nil, errBlockNotFound
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ func (b *testBackend) StateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block
 	// Recompute transactions up to the target index.
 	signer := types.MakeSigner(b.chainConfig, block.Number())
 	for idx, tx := range block.Transactions() {
-		msg, _ := tx.AsMessage(signer, block.BaseFee())
+		msg, _ := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, block.BaseFee())
 		txContext := core.NewEVMTxContext(msg)
 		context := core.NewEVMBlockContext(block.Header(), b.chain, nil)
 		if idx == txIndex {
diff --git a/eth/tracers/internal/tracetest/calltrace_test.go b/eth/tracers/internal/tracetest/calltrace_test.go
index 2d9bdaed71..62182e3a82 100644
--- a/eth/tracers/internal/tracetest/calltrace_test.go
+++ b/eth/tracers/internal/tracetest/calltrace_test.go
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ func testCallTracer(tracerName string, dirPath string, t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("failed to create call tracer: %v", err)
 			}
 			evm := vm.NewEVM(context, txContext, statedb, test.Genesis.Config, vm.Config{Debug: true, Tracer: tracer})
-			msg, err := tx.AsMessage(signer, nil)
+			msg, err := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, nil)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("failed to prepare transaction for tracing: %v", err)
 			}
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ func benchTracer(tracerName string, test *callTracerTest, b *testing.B) {
 		b.Fatalf("failed to parse testcase input: %v", err)
 	}
 	signer := types.MakeSigner(test.Genesis.Config, new(big.Int).SetUint64(uint64(test.Context.Number)))
-	msg, err := tx.AsMessage(signer, nil)
+	msg, err := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		b.Fatalf("failed to prepare transaction for tracing: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ func TestZeroValueToNotExitCall(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create call tracer: %v", err)
 	}
 	evm := vm.NewEVM(context, txContext, statedb, params.MainnetChainConfig, vm.Config{Debug: true, Tracer: tracer})
-	msg, err := tx.AsMessage(signer, nil)
+	msg, err := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to prepare transaction for tracing: %v", err)
 	}
diff --git a/eth/tracers/internal/tracetest/flat_calltrace_test.go b/eth/tracers/internal/tracetest/flat_calltrace_test.go
index d8ded7015d..8cd5a42bc0 100644
--- a/eth/tracers/internal/tracetest/flat_calltrace_test.go
+++ b/eth/tracers/internal/tracetest/flat_calltrace_test.go
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ func flatCallTracerTestRunner(tracerName string, filename string, dirPath string
 	}
 	evm := vm.NewEVM(context, txContext, statedb, test.Genesis.Config, vm.Config{Debug: true, Tracer: tracer})
 
-	msg, err := tx.AsMessage(signer, nil)
+	msg, err := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to prepare transaction for tracing: %v", err)
 	}
diff --git a/eth/tracers/internal/tracetest/prestate_test.go b/eth/tracers/internal/tracetest/prestate_test.go
index 03f06311a3..f578e2f0f5 100644
--- a/eth/tracers/internal/tracetest/prestate_test.go
+++ b/eth/tracers/internal/tracetest/prestate_test.go
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ func testPrestateDiffTracer(tracerName string, dirPath string, t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("failed to create call tracer: %v", err)
 			}
 			evm := vm.NewEVM(context, txContext, statedb, test.Genesis.Config, vm.Config{Debug: true, Tracer: tracer})
-			msg, err := tx.AsMessage(signer, nil)
+			msg, err := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, nil)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("failed to prepare transaction for tracing: %v", err)
 			}
diff --git a/eth/tracers/tracers_test.go b/eth/tracers/tracers_test.go
index 6cd5a022b1..7c5ec65650 100644
--- a/eth/tracers/tracers_test.go
+++ b/eth/tracers/tracers_test.go
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ func BenchmarkTransactionTrace(b *testing.B) {
 		//EnableReturnData: false,
 	})
 	evm := vm.NewEVM(context, txContext, statedb, params.AllEthashProtocolChanges, vm.Config{Debug: true, Tracer: tracer})
-	msg, err := tx.AsMessage(signer, nil)
+	msg, err := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		b.Fatalf("failed to prepare transaction for tracing: %v", err)
 	}
diff --git a/internal/ethapi/api.go b/internal/ethapi/api.go
index 7091e49001..93a2d1264d 100644
--- a/internal/ethapi/api.go
+++ b/internal/ethapi/api.go
@@ -1005,7 +1005,7 @@ func DoCall(ctx context.Context, b Backend, args TransactionArgs, blockNrOrHash
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("execution aborted (timeout = %v)", timeout)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
-		return result, fmt.Errorf("err: %w (supplied gas %d)", err, msg.Gas())
+		return result, fmt.Errorf("err: %w (supplied gas %d)", err, msg.GasLimit)
 	}
 	return result, nil
 }
@@ -1478,7 +1478,7 @@ func AccessList(ctx context.Context, b Backend, blockNrOrHash rpc.BlockNumberOrH
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, 0, nil, err
 		}
-		res, err := core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, msg, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(msg.Gas()))
+		res, err := core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, msg, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(msg.GasLimit))
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, 0, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to apply transaction: %v err: %v", args.toTransaction().Hash(), err)
 		}
diff --git a/internal/ethapi/backend.go b/internal/ethapi/backend.go
index 2405efa234..98887afc80 100644
--- a/internal/ethapi/backend.go
+++ b/internal/ethapi/backend.go
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ type Backend interface {
 	PendingBlockAndReceipts() (*types.Block, types.Receipts)
 	GetReceipts(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash) (types.Receipts, error)
 	GetTd(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash) *big.Int
-	GetEVM(ctx context.Context, msg core.Message, state *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, vmConfig *vm.Config) (*vm.EVM, func() error, error)
+	GetEVM(ctx context.Context, msg *core.Message, state *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, vmConfig *vm.Config) (*vm.EVM, func() error, error)
 	SubscribeChainEvent(ch chan<- core.ChainEvent) event.Subscription
 	SubscribeChainHeadEvent(ch chan<- core.ChainHeadEvent) event.Subscription
 	SubscribeChainSideEvent(ch chan<- core.ChainSideEvent) event.Subscription
diff --git a/internal/ethapi/transaction_args.go b/internal/ethapi/transaction_args.go
index e07248db5d..c74f540b76 100644
--- a/internal/ethapi/transaction_args.go
+++ b/internal/ethapi/transaction_args.go
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
@@ -199,10 +200,10 @@ func (args *TransactionArgs) setLondonFeeDefaults(ctx context.Context, head *typ
 // ToMessage converts the transaction arguments to the Message type used by the
 // core evm. This method is used in calls and traces that do not require a real
 // live transaction.
-func (args *TransactionArgs) ToMessage(globalGasCap uint64, baseFee *big.Int) (types.Message, error) {
+func (args *TransactionArgs) ToMessage(globalGasCap uint64, baseFee *big.Int) (*core.Message, error) {
 	// Reject invalid combinations of pre- and post-1559 fee styles
 	if args.GasPrice != nil && (args.MaxFeePerGas != nil || args.MaxPriorityFeePerGas != nil) {
-		return types.Message{}, errors.New("both gasPrice and (maxFeePerGas or maxPriorityFeePerGas) specified")
+		return nil, errors.New("both gasPrice and (maxFeePerGas or maxPriorityFeePerGas) specified")
 	}
 	// Set sender address or use zero address if none specified.
 	addr := args.from()
@@ -263,7 +264,18 @@ func (args *TransactionArgs) ToMessage(globalGasCap uint64, baseFee *big.Int) (t
 	if args.AccessList != nil {
 		accessList = *args.AccessList
 	}
-	msg := types.NewMessage(addr, args.To, 0, value, gas, gasPrice, gasFeeCap, gasTipCap, data, accessList, true)
+	msg := &core.Message{
+		From:              addr,
+		To:                args.To,
+		Value:             value,
+		GasLimit:          gas,
+		GasPrice:          gasPrice,
+		GasFeeCap:         gasFeeCap,
+		GasTipCap:         gasTipCap,
+		Data:              data,
+		AccessList:        accessList,
+		SkipAccountChecks: true,
+	}
 	return msg, nil
 }
 
diff --git a/internal/ethapi/transaction_args_test.go b/internal/ethapi/transaction_args_test.go
index 3279b6a8e5..1b533861d5 100644
--- a/internal/ethapi/transaction_args_test.go
+++ b/internal/ethapi/transaction_args_test.go
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ func (b *backendMock) GetLogs(ctx context.Context, blockHash common.Hash, number
 	return nil, nil
 }
 func (b *backendMock) GetTd(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash) *big.Int { return nil }
-func (b *backendMock) GetEVM(ctx context.Context, msg core.Message, state *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, vmConfig *vm.Config) (*vm.EVM, func() error, error) {
+func (b *backendMock) GetEVM(ctx context.Context, msg *core.Message, state *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, vmConfig *vm.Config) (*vm.EVM, func() error, error) {
 	return nil, nil, nil
 }
 func (b *backendMock) SubscribeChainEvent(ch chan<- core.ChainEvent) event.Subscription { return nil }
diff --git a/les/api_backend.go b/les/api_backend.go
index a724af04c5..4b0369845a 100644
--- a/les/api_backend.go
+++ b/les/api_backend.go
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ func (b *LesApiBackend) GetTd(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash) *big.Int {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (b *LesApiBackend) GetEVM(ctx context.Context, msg core.Message, state *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, vmConfig *vm.Config) (*vm.EVM, func() error, error) {
+func (b *LesApiBackend) GetEVM(ctx context.Context, msg *core.Message, state *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, vmConfig *vm.Config) (*vm.EVM, func() error, error) {
 	if vmConfig == nil {
 		vmConfig = new(vm.Config)
 	}
@@ -330,6 +330,6 @@ func (b *LesApiBackend) StateAtBlock(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, re
 	return b.eth.stateAtBlock(ctx, block, reexec)
 }
 
-func (b *LesApiBackend) StateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec uint64) (core.Message, vm.BlockContext, *state.StateDB, tracers.StateReleaseFunc, error) {
+func (b *LesApiBackend) StateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec uint64) (*core.Message, vm.BlockContext, *state.StateDB, tracers.StateReleaseFunc, error) {
 	return b.eth.stateAtTransaction(ctx, block, txIndex, reexec)
 }
diff --git a/les/odr_test.go b/les/odr_test.go
index bd0574768c..90b7cd08d7 100644
--- a/les/odr_test.go
+++ b/les/odr_test.go
@@ -116,12 +116,6 @@ func TestOdrContractCallLes2(t *testing.T) { testOdr(t, 2, 2, true, odrContractC
 func TestOdrContractCallLes3(t *testing.T) { testOdr(t, 3, 2, true, odrContractCall) }
 func TestOdrContractCallLes4(t *testing.T) { testOdr(t, 4, 2, true, odrContractCall) }
 
-type callmsg struct {
-	types.Message
-}
-
-func (callmsg) CheckNonce() bool { return false }
-
 func odrContractCall(ctx context.Context, db ethdb.Database, config *params.ChainConfig, bc *core.BlockChain, lc *light.LightChain, bhash common.Hash) []byte {
 	data := common.Hex2Bytes("60CD26850000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000")
 
@@ -136,7 +130,17 @@ func odrContractCall(ctx context.Context, db ethdb.Database, config *params.Chai
 				from := statedb.GetOrNewStateObject(bankAddr)
 				from.SetBalance(math.MaxBig256)
 
-				msg := callmsg{types.NewMessage(from.Address(), &testContractAddr, 0, new(big.Int), 100000, big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), new(big.Int), data, nil, true)}
+				msg := &core.Message{
+					From:              from.Address(),
+					To:                &testContractAddr,
+					Value:             new(big.Int),
+					GasLimit:          100000,
+					GasPrice:          big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee),
+					GasFeeCap:         big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee),
+					GasTipCap:         new(big.Int),
+					Data:              data,
+					SkipAccountChecks: true,
+				}
 
 				context := core.NewEVMBlockContext(header, bc, nil)
 				txContext := core.NewEVMTxContext(msg)
@@ -151,7 +155,17 @@ func odrContractCall(ctx context.Context, db ethdb.Database, config *params.Chai
 			header := lc.GetHeaderByHash(bhash)
 			state := light.NewState(ctx, header, lc.Odr())
 			state.SetBalance(bankAddr, math.MaxBig256)
-			msg := callmsg{types.NewMessage(bankAddr, &testContractAddr, 0, new(big.Int), 100000, big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), new(big.Int), data, nil, true)}
+			msg := &core.Message{
+				From:              bankAddr,
+				To:                &testContractAddr,
+				Value:             new(big.Int),
+				GasLimit:          100000,
+				GasPrice:          big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee),
+				GasFeeCap:         big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee),
+				GasTipCap:         new(big.Int),
+				Data:              data,
+				SkipAccountChecks: true,
+			}
 			context := core.NewEVMBlockContext(header, lc, nil)
 			txContext := core.NewEVMTxContext(msg)
 			vmenv := vm.NewEVM(context, txContext, state, config, vm.Config{NoBaseFee: true})
diff --git a/les/state_accessor.go b/les/state_accessor.go
index 091ec8871e..030d6b5a50 100644
--- a/les/state_accessor.go
+++ b/les/state_accessor.go
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ func (leth *LightEthereum) stateAtBlock(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block,
 }
 
 // stateAtTransaction returns the execution environment of a certain transaction.
-func (leth *LightEthereum) stateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec uint64) (core.Message, vm.BlockContext, *state.StateDB, tracers.StateReleaseFunc, error) {
+func (leth *LightEthereum) stateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec uint64) (*core.Message, vm.BlockContext, *state.StateDB, tracers.StateReleaseFunc, error) {
 	// Short circuit if it's genesis block.
 	if block.NumberU64() == 0 {
 		return nil, vm.BlockContext{}, nil, nil, errors.New("no transaction in genesis")
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ func (leth *LightEthereum) stateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.
 	signer := types.MakeSigner(leth.blockchain.Config(), block.Number())
 	for idx, tx := range block.Transactions() {
 		// Assemble the transaction call message and return if the requested offset
-		msg, _ := tx.AsMessage(signer, block.BaseFee())
+		msg, _ := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, block.BaseFee())
 		txContext := core.NewEVMTxContext(msg)
 		context := core.NewEVMBlockContext(block.Header(), leth.blockchain, nil)
 		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), idx)
diff --git a/light/odr_test.go b/light/odr_test.go
index 903c7f6f90..173298bb77 100644
--- a/light/odr_test.go
+++ b/light/odr_test.go
@@ -174,12 +174,6 @@ func odrAccounts(ctx context.Context, db ethdb.Database, bc *core.BlockChain, lc
 
 func TestOdrContractCallLes2(t *testing.T) { testChainOdr(t, 1, odrContractCall) }
 
-type callmsg struct {
-	types.Message
-}
-
-func (callmsg) CheckNonce() bool { return false }
-
 func odrContractCall(ctx context.Context, db ethdb.Database, bc *core.BlockChain, lc *LightChain, bhash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
 	data := common.Hex2Bytes("60CD26850000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000")
 	config := params.TestChainConfig
@@ -205,7 +199,17 @@ func odrContractCall(ctx context.Context, db ethdb.Database, bc *core.BlockChain
 
 		// Perform read-only call.
 		st.SetBalance(testBankAddress, math.MaxBig256)
-		msg := callmsg{types.NewMessage(testBankAddress, &testContractAddr, 0, new(big.Int), 1000000, big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), new(big.Int), data, nil, true)}
+		msg := &core.Message{
+			From:              testBankAddress,
+			To:                &testContractAddr,
+			Value:             new(big.Int),
+			GasLimit:          1000000,
+			GasPrice:          big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee),
+			GasFeeCap:         big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee),
+			GasTipCap:         new(big.Int),
+			Data:              data,
+			SkipAccountChecks: true,
+		}
 		txContext := core.NewEVMTxContext(msg)
 		context := core.NewEVMBlockContext(header, chain, nil)
 		vmenv := vm.NewEVM(context, txContext, st, config, vm.Config{NoBaseFee: true})
diff --git a/tests/state_test.go b/tests/state_test.go
index 7dd2f678c6..787427f01e 100644
--- a/tests/state_test.go
+++ b/tests/state_test.go
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ func runBenchmark(b *testing.B, t *StateTest) {
 			evm := vm.NewEVM(context, txContext, statedb, config, vmconfig)
 
 			// Create "contract" for sender to cache code analysis.
-			sender := vm.NewContract(vm.AccountRef(msg.From()), vm.AccountRef(msg.From()),
+			sender := vm.NewContract(vm.AccountRef(msg.From), vm.AccountRef(msg.From),
 				nil, 0)
 
 			var (
@@ -239,12 +239,12 @@ func runBenchmark(b *testing.B, t *StateTest) {
 			b.ResetTimer()
 			for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
 				snapshot := statedb.Snapshot()
-				statedb.Prepare(rules, msg.From(), context.Coinbase, msg.To(), vm.ActivePrecompiles(rules), msg.AccessList())
+				statedb.Prepare(rules, msg.From, context.Coinbase, msg.To, vm.ActivePrecompiles(rules), msg.AccessList)
 				b.StartTimer()
 				start := time.Now()
 
 				// Execute the message.
-				_, leftOverGas, err := evm.Call(sender, *msg.To(), msg.Data(), msg.Gas(), msg.Value())
+				_, leftOverGas, err := evm.Call(sender, *msg.To, msg.Data, msg.GasLimit, msg.Value)
 				if err != nil {
 					b.Error(err)
 					return
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ func runBenchmark(b *testing.B, t *StateTest) {
 				b.StopTimer()
 				elapsed += uint64(time.Since(start))
 				refund += statedb.GetRefund()
-				gasUsed += msg.Gas() - leftOverGas
+				gasUsed += msg.GasLimit - leftOverGas
 
 				statedb.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot)
 			}
diff --git a/tests/state_test_util.go b/tests/state_test_util.go
index b2e87fb004..98acc468a1 100644
--- a/tests/state_test_util.go
+++ b/tests/state_test_util.go
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ func (t *StateTest) genesis(config *params.ChainConfig) *core.Genesis {
 	return genesis
 }
 
-func (tx *stTransaction) toMessage(ps stPostState, baseFee *big.Int) (core.Message, error) {
+func (tx *stTransaction) toMessage(ps stPostState, baseFee *big.Int) (*core.Message, error) {
 	// Derive sender from private key if present.
 	var from common.Address
 	if len(tx.PrivateKey) > 0 {
@@ -397,8 +397,18 @@ func (tx *stTransaction) toMessage(ps stPostState, baseFee *big.Int) (core.Messa
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no gas price provided")
 	}
 
-	msg := types.NewMessage(from, to, tx.Nonce, value, gasLimit, gasPrice,
-		tx.MaxFeePerGas, tx.MaxPriorityFeePerGas, data, accessList, false)
+	msg := &core.Message{
+		From:       from,
+		To:         to,
+		Nonce:      tx.Nonce,
+		Value:      value,
+		GasLimit:   gasLimit,
+		GasPrice:   gasPrice,
+		GasFeeCap:  tx.MaxFeePerGas,
+		GasTipCap:  tx.MaxPriorityFeePerGas,
+		Data:       data,
+		AccessList: accessList,
+	}
 	return msg, nil
 }