From c31f8e2bd7bbf67661d02c3fcd478824e769fae1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Marek Kotewicz <marek.kotewicz@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 24 May 2015 19:12:18 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 01/18] compile solidity contracts with std library

---
 common/compiler/solidity.go | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/common/compiler/solidity.go b/common/compiler/solidity.go
index 0cfd41c95c..caf86974e5 100644
--- a/common/compiler/solidity.go
+++ b/common/compiler/solidity.go
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ var (
 		"file",           //
 		"--natspec-dev",  // Request to output the contract's Natspec developer documentation.
 		"file",
+		"--add-std",
+		"1",
 	}
 )
 

From e221a449e069783ca53fd02716066e66baeae1f0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>
Date: Mon, 25 May 2015 02:27:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 02/18] cmd/geth, jsre, rpc: run all JS code on the event loop

Some JSRE methods (PrettyPrint, ToVal) bypassed the event loop. All
calls to the JS VM are now wrapped. In order to make this somewhat more
foolproof, the otto VM is now a local variable inside the event loop.
---
 cmd/geth/admin.go |  45 +++++----
 cmd/geth/js.go    |   2 +-
 jsre/jsre.go      | 239 +++++++++++++++++-----------------------------
 jsre/jsre_test.go |  12 +--
 rpc/jeth.go       |   6 +-
 5 files changed, 126 insertions(+), 178 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cmd/geth/admin.go b/cmd/geth/admin.go
index 4c8f110e43..28786553c7 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/admin.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/admin.go
@@ -144,7 +144,8 @@ func (js *jsre) pendingTransactions(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
 		}
 	}
 
-	return js.re.ToVal(ltxs)
+	v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(ltxs)
+	return v
 }
 
 func (js *jsre) resend(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
@@ -175,7 +176,8 @@ func (js *jsre) resend(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
 		}
 		js.ethereum.TxPool().RemoveTransactions(types.Transactions{tx.tx})
 
-		return js.re.ToVal(ret)
+		v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(ret)
+		return v
 	}
 
 	fmt.Println("first argument must be a transaction")
@@ -198,12 +200,13 @@ func (js *jsre) sign(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
 		fmt.Println(err)
 		return otto.UndefinedValue()
 	}
-	v, err := js.xeth.Sign(signer, data, false)
+	signed, err := js.xeth.Sign(signer, data, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		fmt.Println(err)
 		return otto.UndefinedValue()
 	}
-	return js.re.ToVal(v)
+	v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(signed)
+	return v
 }
 
 func (js *jsre) debugBlock(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
@@ -237,8 +240,8 @@ func (js *jsre) setHead(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
 
 func (js *jsre) downloadProgress(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
 	current, max := js.ethereum.Downloader().Stats()
-
-	return js.re.ToVal(fmt.Sprintf("%d/%d", current, max))
+	v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(fmt.Sprintf("%d/%d", current, max))
+	return v
 }
 
 func (js *jsre) getBlockRlp(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
@@ -248,7 +251,8 @@ func (js *jsre) getBlockRlp(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
 		return otto.UndefinedValue()
 	}
 	encoded, _ := rlp.EncodeToBytes(block)
-	return js.re.ToVal(fmt.Sprintf("%x", encoded))
+	v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(fmt.Sprintf("%x", encoded))
+	return v
 }
 
 func (js *jsre) setExtra(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
@@ -278,8 +282,9 @@ func (js *jsre) setGasPrice(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
 	return otto.UndefinedValue()
 }
 
-func (js *jsre) hashrate(otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
-	return js.re.ToVal(js.ethereum.Miner().HashRate())
+func (js *jsre) hashrate(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
+	v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(js.ethereum.Miner().HashRate())
+	return v
 }
 
 func (js *jsre) makeDAG(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
@@ -495,15 +500,18 @@ func (js *jsre) newAccount(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
 		fmt.Printf("Could not create the account: %v", err)
 		return otto.UndefinedValue()
 	}
-	return js.re.ToVal(acct.Address.Hex())
+	v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(acct.Address.Hex())
+	return v
 }
 
 func (js *jsre) nodeInfo(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
-	return js.re.ToVal(js.ethereum.NodeInfo())
+	v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(js.ethereum.NodeInfo())
+	return v
 }
 
 func (js *jsre) peers(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
-	return js.re.ToVal(js.ethereum.PeersInfo())
+	v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(js.ethereum.PeersInfo())
+	return v
 }
 
 func (js *jsre) importChain(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
@@ -562,7 +570,8 @@ func (js *jsre) dumpBlock(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
 
 	statedb := state.New(block.Root(), js.ethereum.StateDb())
 	dump := statedb.RawDump()
-	return js.re.ToVal(dump)
+	v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(dump)
+	return v
 }
 
 func (js *jsre) waitForBlocks(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
@@ -611,7 +620,8 @@ func (js *jsre) waitForBlocks(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
 		return otto.UndefinedValue()
 	case height = <-wait:
 	}
-	return js.re.ToVal(height.Uint64())
+	v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(height.Uint64())
+	return v
 }
 
 func (js *jsre) sleep(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
@@ -704,8 +714,8 @@ func (js *jsre) register(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
 		return otto.UndefinedValue()
 	}
 
-	return js.re.ToVal(contenthash.Hex())
-
+	v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(contenthash.Hex())
+	return v
 }
 
 func (js *jsre) registerUrl(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
@@ -764,7 +774,8 @@ func (js *jsre) getContractInfo(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
 		fmt.Println(err)
 		return otto.UndefinedValue()
 	}
-	return js.re.ToVal(info)
+	v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(info)
+	return v
 }
 
 func (js *jsre) startNatSpec(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
diff --git a/cmd/geth/js.go b/cmd/geth/js.go
index 342a80bd22..0fb234d455 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/js.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/js.go
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ func newJSRE(ethereum *eth.Ethereum, libPath, corsDomain string, interactive boo
 func (js *jsre) apiBindings(f xeth.Frontend) {
 	xe := xeth.New(js.ethereum, f)
 	ethApi := rpc.NewEthereumApi(xe)
-	jeth := rpc.NewJeth(ethApi, js.re.ToVal, js.re)
+	jeth := rpc.NewJeth(ethApi, js.re)
 
 	js.re.Set("jeth", struct{}{})
 	t, _ := js.re.Get("jeth")
diff --git a/jsre/jsre.go b/jsre/jsre.go
index a6dd117a39..3d648f02cc 100644
--- a/jsre/jsre.go
+++ b/jsre/jsre.go
@@ -19,9 +19,7 @@ It provides some helper functions to
 - bind native go objects
 */
 type JSRE struct {
-	assetPath string
-	vm        *otto.Otto
-
+	assetPath     string
 	evalQueue     chan *evalReq
 	stopEventLoop chan bool
 	loopWg        sync.WaitGroup
@@ -35,68 +33,37 @@ type jsTimer struct {
 	call     otto.FunctionCall
 }
 
-// evalResult is a structure to store the result of any serialized vm execution
-type evalResult struct {
-	result otto.Value
-	err    error
-}
-
-// evalReq is a serialized vm execution request put in evalQueue and processed by runEventLoop
+// evalReq is a serialized vm execution request processed by runEventLoop.
 type evalReq struct {
-	fn   func(res *evalResult)
+	fn   func(vm *otto.Otto)
 	done chan bool
-	res  evalResult
 }
 
 // runtime must be stopped with Stop() after use and cannot be used after stopping
 func New(assetPath string) *JSRE {
 	re := &JSRE{
-		assetPath: assetPath,
-		vm:        otto.New(),
+		assetPath:     assetPath,
+		evalQueue:     make(chan *evalReq),
+		stopEventLoop: make(chan bool),
 	}
-
-	// load prettyprint func definition
-	re.vm.Run(pp_js)
-	re.vm.Set("loadScript", re.loadScript)
-
-	re.evalQueue = make(chan *evalReq)
-	re.stopEventLoop = make(chan bool)
 	re.loopWg.Add(1)
 	go re.runEventLoop()
-
+	re.Compile("pp.js", pp_js) // load prettyprint func definition
+	re.Set("loadScript", re.loadScript)
 	return re
 }
 
-// this function runs a piece of JS code either in a serialized way (when useEQ is true) or instantly, circumventing the evalQueue
-func (self *JSRE) run(src interface{}, useEQ bool) (value otto.Value, err error) {
-	if useEQ {
-		done := make(chan bool)
-		req := &evalReq{
-			fn: func(res *evalResult) {
-				res.result, res.err = self.vm.Run(src)
-			},
-			done: done,
-		}
-		self.evalQueue <- req
-		<-done
-		return req.res.result, req.res.err
-	} else {
-		return self.vm.Run(src)
-	}
-}
+// This function runs the main event loop from a goroutine that is started
+// when JSRE is created. Use Stop() before exiting to properly stop it.
+// The event loop processes vm access requests from the evalQueue in a
+// serialized way and calls timer callback functions at the appropriate time.
 
-/*
-This function runs the main event loop from a goroutine that is started
- when JSRE is created. Use Stop() before exiting to properly stop it.
-The event loop processes vm access requests from the evalQueue in a
- serialized way and calls timer callback functions at the appropriate time.
-
-Exported functions always access the vm through the event queue. You can
- call the functions of the otto vm directly to circumvent the queue. These
- functions should be used if and only if running a routine that was already
- called from JS through an RPC call.
-*/
+// Exported functions always access the vm through the event queue. You can
+// call the functions of the otto vm directly to circumvent the queue. These
+// functions should be used if and only if running a routine that was already
+// called from JS through an RPC call.
 func (self *JSRE) runEventLoop() {
+	vm := otto.New()
 	registry := map[*jsTimer]*jsTimer{}
 	ready := make(chan *jsTimer)
 
@@ -143,10 +110,10 @@ func (self *JSRE) runEventLoop() {
 		}
 		return otto.UndefinedValue()
 	}
-	self.vm.Set("setTimeout", setTimeout)
-	self.vm.Set("setInterval", setInterval)
-	self.vm.Set("clearTimeout", clearTimeout)
-	self.vm.Set("clearInterval", clearTimeout)
+	vm.Set("setTimeout", setTimeout)
+	vm.Set("setInterval", setInterval)
+	vm.Set("clearTimeout", clearTimeout)
+	vm.Set("clearInterval", clearTimeout)
 
 	var waitForCallbacks bool
 
@@ -166,8 +133,7 @@ loop:
 				arguments = make([]interface{}, 1)
 			}
 			arguments[0] = timer.call.ArgumentList[0]
-			_, err := self.vm.Call(`Function.call.call`, nil, arguments...)
-
+			_, err := vm.Call(`Function.call.call`, nil, arguments...)
 			if err != nil {
 				fmt.Println("js error:", err, arguments)
 			}
@@ -179,10 +145,10 @@ loop:
 					break loop
 				}
 			}
-		case evalReq := <-self.evalQueue:
+		case req := <-self.evalQueue:
 			// run the code, send the result back
-			evalReq.fn(&evalReq.res)
-			close(evalReq.done)
+			req.fn(vm)
+			close(req.done)
 			if waitForCallbacks && (len(registry) == 0) {
 				break loop
 			}
@@ -201,6 +167,14 @@ loop:
 	self.loopWg.Done()
 }
 
+// do schedules the given function on the event loop.
+func (self *JSRE) do(fn func(*otto.Otto)) {
+	done := make(chan bool)
+	req := &evalReq{fn, done}
+	self.evalQueue <- req
+	<-done
+}
+
 // stops the event loop before exit, optionally waits for all timers to expire
 func (self *JSRE) Stop(waitForCallbacks bool) {
 	self.stopEventLoop <- waitForCallbacks
@@ -210,119 +184,78 @@ func (self *JSRE) Stop(waitForCallbacks bool) {
 // Exec(file) loads and runs the contents of a file
 // if a relative path is given, the jsre's assetPath is used
 func (self *JSRE) Exec(file string) error {
-	return self.exec(common.AbsolutePath(self.assetPath, file), true)
-}
-
-// circumvents the eval queue, see runEventLoop
-func (self *JSRE) execWithoutEQ(file string) error {
-	return self.exec(common.AbsolutePath(self.assetPath, file), false)
-}
-
-func (self *JSRE) exec(path string, useEQ bool) error {
-	code, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path)
+	code, err := ioutil.ReadFile(common.AbsolutePath(self.assetPath, file))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	_, err = self.run(code, useEQ)
+	self.do(func(vm *otto.Otto) { _, err = vm.Run(code) })
 	return err
 }
 
-// assigns value v to a variable in the JS environment
-func (self *JSRE) Bind(name string, v interface{}) (err error) {
-	self.Set(name, v)
-	return
+// Bind assigns value v to a variable in the JS environment
+// This method is deprecated, use Set.
+func (self *JSRE) Bind(name string, v interface{}) error {
+	return self.Set(name, v)
 }
 
-// runs a piece of JS code
-func (self *JSRE) Run(code string) (otto.Value, error) {
-	return self.run(code, true)
+// Run runs a piece of JS code.
+func (self *JSRE) Run(code string) (v otto.Value, err error) {
+	self.do(func(vm *otto.Otto) { v, err = vm.Run(code) })
+	return v, err
 }
 
-// returns the value of a variable in the JS environment
-func (self *JSRE) Get(ns string) (otto.Value, error) {
-	done := make(chan bool)
-	req := &evalReq{
-		fn: func(res *evalResult) {
-			res.result, res.err = self.vm.Get(ns)
-		},
-		done: done,
-	}
-	self.evalQueue <- req
-	<-done
-	return req.res.result, req.res.err
+// Get returns the value of a variable in the JS environment.
+func (self *JSRE) Get(ns string) (v otto.Value, err error) {
+	self.do(func(vm *otto.Otto) { v, err = vm.Get(ns) })
+	return v, err
 }
 
-// assigns value v to a variable in the JS environment
-func (self *JSRE) Set(ns string, v interface{}) error {
-	done := make(chan bool)
-	req := &evalReq{
-		fn: func(res *evalResult) {
-			res.err = self.vm.Set(ns, v)
-		},
-		done: done,
-	}
-	self.evalQueue <- req
-	<-done
-	return req.res.err
+// Set assigns value v to a variable in the JS environment.
+func (self *JSRE) Set(ns string, v interface{}) (err error) {
+	self.do(func(vm *otto.Otto) { err = vm.Set(ns, v) })
+	return err
 }
 
-/*
-Executes a JS script from inside the currently executing JS code.
-Should only be called from inside an RPC routine.
-*/
+// loadScript executes a JS script from inside the currently executing JS code.
 func (self *JSRE) loadScript(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
 	file, err := call.Argument(0).ToString()
 	if err != nil {
+		// TODO: throw exception
 		return otto.FalseValue()
 	}
-	if err := self.execWithoutEQ(file); err != nil { // loadScript is only called from inside js
+	file = common.AbsolutePath(self.assetPath, file)
+	source, err := ioutil.ReadFile(file)
+	if err != nil {
+		// TODO: throw exception
+		return otto.FalseValue()
+	}
+	if _, err := compileAndRun(call.Otto, file, source); err != nil {
+		// TODO: throw exception
 		fmt.Println("err:", err)
 		return otto.FalseValue()
 	}
-
+	// TODO: return evaluation result
 	return otto.TrueValue()
 }
 
-// uses the "prettyPrint" JS function to format a value
+// PrettyPrint writes v to standard output.
 func (self *JSRE) PrettyPrint(v interface{}) (val otto.Value, err error) {
 	var method otto.Value
-	v, err = self.ToValue(v)
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	method, err = self.vm.Get("prettyPrint")
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	return method.Call(method, v)
+	self.do(func(vm *otto.Otto) {
+		val, err = vm.ToValue(v)
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		method, err = vm.Get("prettyPrint")
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		val, err = method.Call(method, val)
+	})
+	return val, err
 }
 
-// creates an otto value from a go type (serialized version)
-func (self *JSRE) ToValue(v interface{}) (otto.Value, error) {
-	done := make(chan bool)
-	req := &evalReq{
-		fn: func(res *evalResult) {
-			res.result, res.err = self.vm.ToValue(v)
-		},
-		done: done,
-	}
-	self.evalQueue <- req
-	<-done
-	return req.res.result, req.res.err
-}
-
-// creates an otto value from a go type (non-serialized version)
-func (self *JSRE) ToVal(v interface{}) otto.Value {
-
-	result, err := self.vm.ToValue(v)
-	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("Value unknown:", err)
-		return otto.UndefinedValue()
-	}
-	return result
-}
-
-// evaluates JS function and returns result in a pretty printed string format
+// Eval evaluates JS function and returns result in a pretty printed string format.
 func (self *JSRE) Eval(code string) (s string, err error) {
 	var val otto.Value
 	val, err = self.Run(code)
@@ -336,12 +269,16 @@ func (self *JSRE) Eval(code string) (s string, err error) {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%v", val), nil
 }
 
-// compiles and then runs a piece of JS code
-func (self *JSRE) Compile(fn string, src interface{}) error {
-	script, err := self.vm.Compile(fn, src)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	self.run(script, true)
-	return nil
+// Compile compiles and then runs a piece of JS code.
+func (self *JSRE) Compile(filename string, src interface{}) (err error) {
+	self.do(func(vm *otto.Otto) { _, err = compileAndRun(vm, filename, src) })
+	return err
+}
+
+func compileAndRun(vm *otto.Otto, filename string, src interface{}) (otto.Value, error) {
+	script, err := vm.Compile(filename, src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return otto.Value{}, err
+	}
+	return vm.Run(script)
 }
diff --git a/jsre/jsre_test.go b/jsre/jsre_test.go
index 5eaca2b91a..42308de883 100644
--- a/jsre/jsre_test.go
+++ b/jsre/jsre_test.go
@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
 package jsre
 
 import (
-	"github.com/robertkrimen/otto"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/robertkrimen/otto"
 )
 
-type testNativeObjectBinding struct {
-	toVal func(interface{}) otto.Value
-}
+type testNativeObjectBinding struct{}
 
 type msg struct {
 	Msg string
@@ -21,7 +20,8 @@ func (no *testNativeObjectBinding) TestMethod(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value
 	if err != nil {
 		return otto.UndefinedValue()
 	}
-	return no.toVal(&msg{m})
+	v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(&msg{m})
+	return v
 }
 
 func TestExec(t *testing.T) {
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ func TestNatto(t *testing.T) {
 func TestBind(t *testing.T) {
 	jsre := New("/tmp")
 
-	jsre.Bind("no", &testNativeObjectBinding{jsre.ToVal})
+	jsre.Bind("no", &testNativeObjectBinding{})
 
 	val, err := jsre.Run(`no.TestMethod("testMsg")`)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/rpc/jeth.go b/rpc/jeth.go
index 2097ac30d1..61be60dc79 100644
--- a/rpc/jeth.go
+++ b/rpc/jeth.go
@@ -3,18 +3,18 @@ package rpc
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/jsre"
 	"github.com/robertkrimen/otto"
 )
 
 type Jeth struct {
 	ethApi *EthereumApi
-	toVal  func(interface{}) otto.Value
 	re     *jsre.JSRE
 }
 
-func NewJeth(ethApi *EthereumApi, toVal func(interface{}) otto.Value, re *jsre.JSRE) *Jeth {
-	return &Jeth{ethApi, toVal, re}
+func NewJeth(ethApi *EthereumApi, re *jsre.JSRE) *Jeth {
+	return &Jeth{ethApi, re}
 }
 
 func (self *Jeth) err(call otto.FunctionCall, code int, msg string, id interface{}) (response otto.Value) {

From 3083ec5e32b0f022af03f5420d717bddbaa8e71c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?P=C3=A9ter=20Szil=C3=A1gyi?= <peterke@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 26 May 2015 16:10:28 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 03/18] eth/downloader: silence "Added N blocks from..." if N
 == 0

---
 eth/downloader/downloader.go | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/eth/downloader/downloader.go b/eth/downloader/downloader.go
index 0634baaed2..421c336f27 100644
--- a/eth/downloader/downloader.go
+++ b/eth/downloader/downloader.go
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ out:
 					peer.Demote()
 					break
 				}
-				if glog.V(logger.Debug) {
+				if glog.V(logger.Debug) && len(blockPack.blocks) > 0 {
 					glog.Infof("Added %d blocks from: %s\n", len(blockPack.blocks), blockPack.peerId)
 				}
 				// Promote the peer and update it's idle state

From 278183c7e727f875fb2eae8ceba29bfd4b01afc2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?P=C3=A9ter=20Szil=C3=A1gyi?= <peterke@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 26 May 2015 17:49:37 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 04/18] eth, p2p: start the p2p server even if maxpeers == 0

---
 eth/backend.go | 10 +++-------
 p2p/server.go  |  3 ---
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/eth/backend.go b/eth/backend.go
index aeaac788a0..73d37c5363 100644
--- a/eth/backend.go
+++ b/eth/backend.go
@@ -449,14 +449,10 @@ func (s *Ethereum) Start() error {
 		ClientString:    s.net.Name,
 		ProtocolVersion: ProtocolVersion,
 	})
-
-	if s.net.MaxPeers > 0 {
-		err := s.net.Start()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	err := s.net.Start()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
-
 	// periodically flush databases
 	go s.syncDatabases()
 
diff --git a/p2p/server.go b/p2p/server.go
index af08380e18..9c6e8f4db7 100644
--- a/p2p/server.go
+++ b/p2p/server.go
@@ -275,9 +275,6 @@ func (srv *Server) Start() (err error) {
 	if srv.PrivateKey == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Server.PrivateKey must be set to a non-nil key")
 	}
-	if srv.MaxPeers <= 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Server.MaxPeers must be > 0")
-	}
 	if srv.newTransport == nil {
 		srv.newTransport = newRLPX
 	}

From e1a0ee8fc541bd73ac5d5a0cdacfe5265fcef833 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?P=C3=A9ter=20Szil=C3=A1gyi?= <peterke@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 26 May 2015 19:07:24 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 05/18] cmd/geth, cmd/utils, eth, p2p: pass and honor a no
 discovery flag

---
 cmd/geth/main.go   |  1 +
 cmd/utils/flags.go |  6 +++++-
 eth/backend.go     |  2 ++
 p2p/server.go      | 37 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 4 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cmd/geth/main.go b/cmd/geth/main.go
index 56f383b776..9d935efbd4 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/main.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/main.go
@@ -260,6 +260,7 @@ JavaScript API. See https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/Javascipt-Conso
 		utils.AutoDAGFlag,
 		utils.NATFlag,
 		utils.NatspecEnabledFlag,
+		utils.NoDiscoverFlag,
 		utils.NodeKeyFileFlag,
 		utils.NodeKeyHexFlag,
 		utils.RPCEnabledFlag,
diff --git a/cmd/utils/flags.go b/cmd/utils/flags.go
index cb774aa5bf..155110ddce 100644
--- a/cmd/utils/flags.go
+++ b/cmd/utils/flags.go
@@ -235,6 +235,10 @@ var (
 		Usage: "NAT port mapping mechanism (any|none|upnp|pmp|extip:<IP>)",
 		Value: "any",
 	}
+	NoDiscoverFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
+		Name:  "nodiscover",
+		Usage: "Disables the peer discovery mechanism (manual peer addition)",
+	}
 	WhisperEnabledFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
 		Name:  "shh",
 		Usage: "Enable whisper",
@@ -312,6 +316,7 @@ func MakeEthConfig(clientID, version string, ctx *cli.Context) *eth.Config {
 		Port:               ctx.GlobalString(ListenPortFlag.Name),
 		NAT:                GetNAT(ctx),
 		NatSpec:            ctx.GlobalBool(NatspecEnabledFlag.Name),
+		Discovery:          !ctx.GlobalBool(NoDiscoverFlag.Name),
 		NodeKey:            GetNodeKey(ctx),
 		Shh:                ctx.GlobalBool(WhisperEnabledFlag.Name),
 		Dial:               true,
@@ -320,7 +325,6 @@ func MakeEthConfig(clientID, version string, ctx *cli.Context) *eth.Config {
 		SolcPath:           ctx.GlobalString(SolcPathFlag.Name),
 		AutoDAG:            ctx.GlobalBool(AutoDAGFlag.Name) || ctx.GlobalBool(MiningEnabledFlag.Name),
 	}
-
 }
 
 func GetChain(ctx *cli.Context) (*core.ChainManager, common.Database, common.Database) {
diff --git a/eth/backend.go b/eth/backend.go
index 73d37c5363..18e214d44d 100644
--- a/eth/backend.go
+++ b/eth/backend.go
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ type Config struct {
 
 	MaxPeers        int
 	MaxPendingPeers int
+	Discovery       bool
 	Port            string
 
 	// Space-separated list of discovery node URLs
@@ -311,6 +312,7 @@ func New(config *Config) (*Ethereum, error) {
 		Name:            config.Name,
 		MaxPeers:        config.MaxPeers,
 		MaxPendingPeers: config.MaxPendingPeers,
+		Discovery:       config.Discovery,
 		Protocols:       protocols,
 		NAT:             config.NAT,
 		NoDial:          !config.Dial,
diff --git a/p2p/server.go b/p2p/server.go
index 9c6e8f4db7..0e814f494d 100644
--- a/p2p/server.go
+++ b/p2p/server.go
@@ -55,6 +55,10 @@ type Server struct {
 	// Zero defaults to preset values.
 	MaxPendingPeers int
 
+	// Discovery specifies whether the peer discovery mechanism should be started
+	// or not. Disabling is usually useful for protocol debugging (manual topology).
+	Discovery bool
+
 	// Name sets the node name of this server.
 	// Use common.MakeName to create a name that follows existing conventions.
 	Name string
@@ -240,6 +244,14 @@ func (srv *Server) Self() *discover.Node {
 	if !srv.running {
 		return &discover.Node{IP: net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0")}
 	}
+	if srv.ntab == nil {
+		addr := srv.listener.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr)
+		return &discover.Node{
+			ID:  discover.PubkeyID(&srv.PrivateKey.PublicKey),
+			IP:  addr.IP,
+			TCP: uint16(addr.Port),
+		}
+	}
 	return srv.ntab.Self()
 }
 
@@ -290,15 +302,22 @@ func (srv *Server) Start() (err error) {
 	srv.peerOpDone = make(chan struct{})
 
 	// node table
-	ntab, err := discover.ListenUDP(srv.PrivateKey, srv.ListenAddr, srv.NAT, srv.NodeDatabase)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
+	if srv.Discovery {
+		ntab, err := discover.ListenUDP(srv.PrivateKey, srv.ListenAddr, srv.NAT, srv.NodeDatabase)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		srv.ntab = ntab
 	}
-	srv.ntab = ntab
-	dialer := newDialState(srv.StaticNodes, srv.ntab, srv.MaxPeers/2)
+
+	dynPeers := srv.MaxPeers / 2
+	if !srv.Discovery {
+		dynPeers = 0
+	}
+	dialer := newDialState(srv.StaticNodes, srv.ntab, dynPeers)
 
 	// handshake
-	srv.ourHandshake = &protoHandshake{Version: baseProtocolVersion, Name: srv.Name, ID: ntab.Self().ID}
+	srv.ourHandshake = &protoHandshake{Version: baseProtocolVersion, Name: srv.Name, ID: discover.PubkeyID(&srv.PrivateKey.PublicKey)}
 	for _, p := range srv.Protocols {
 		srv.ourHandshake.Caps = append(srv.ourHandshake.Caps, p.cap())
 	}
@@ -454,7 +473,9 @@ running:
 	}
 
 	// Terminate discovery. If there is a running lookup it will terminate soon.
-	srv.ntab.Close()
+	if srv.ntab != nil {
+		srv.ntab.Close()
+	}
 	// Disconnect all peers.
 	for _, p := range peers {
 		p.Disconnect(DiscQuitting)
@@ -486,7 +507,7 @@ func (srv *Server) encHandshakeChecks(peers map[discover.NodeID]*Peer, c *conn)
 		return DiscTooManyPeers
 	case peers[c.id] != nil:
 		return DiscAlreadyConnected
-	case c.id == srv.ntab.Self().ID:
+	case c.id == srv.Self().ID:
 		return DiscSelf
 	default:
 		return nil

From 68898a4d6bd5edf0011197ef0a68f3fe3cfd0d95 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?P=C3=A9ter=20Szil=C3=A1gyi?= <peterke@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 26 May 2015 19:16:05 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 06/18] p2p: fix Self() panic if listening is disabled

---
 p2p/server.go | 9 +++++++++
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)

diff --git a/p2p/server.go b/p2p/server.go
index 0e814f494d..5890418108 100644
--- a/p2p/server.go
+++ b/p2p/server.go
@@ -241,10 +241,18 @@ func (srv *Server) AddPeer(node *discover.Node) {
 func (srv *Server) Self() *discover.Node {
 	srv.lock.Lock()
 	defer srv.lock.Unlock()
+
+	// If the server's not running, return an empty node
 	if !srv.running {
 		return &discover.Node{IP: net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0")}
 	}
+	// If the node is running but discovery is off, manually assemble the node infos
 	if srv.ntab == nil {
+		// Inbound connections disabled, use zero address
+		if srv.listener == nil {
+			return &discover.Node{IP: net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0"), ID: discover.PubkeyID(&srv.PrivateKey.PublicKey)}
+		}
+		// Otherwise inject the listener address too
 		addr := srv.listener.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr)
 		return &discover.Node{
 			ID:  discover.PubkeyID(&srv.PrivateKey.PublicKey),
@@ -252,6 +260,7 @@ func (srv *Server) Self() *discover.Node {
 			TCP: uint16(addr.Port),
 		}
 	}
+	// Otherwise return the live node infos
 	return srv.ntab.Self()
 }
 

From 4de8213887b26b13d18fc6da6ce159e60ddae6fa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?P=C3=A9ter=20Szil=C3=A1gyi?= <peterke@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 26 May 2015 19:35:31 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 07/18] cmd/geth: fix js console test for p2p server update

---
 cmd/geth/js_test.go | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/cmd/geth/js_test.go b/cmd/geth/js_test.go
index 41e1034e9f..dee25e44e6 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/js_test.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/js_test.go
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ const (
 
 var (
 	versionRE   = regexp.MustCompile(strconv.Quote(`"compilerVersion":"` + solcVersion + `"`))
+	testNodeKey = crypto.ToECDSA(common.Hex2Bytes("4b50fa71f5c3eeb8fdc452224b2395af2fcc3d125e06c32c82e048c0559db03f"))
 	testGenesis = `{"` + testAddress[2:] + `": {"balance": "` + testBalance + `"}}`
 )
 
@@ -72,6 +73,7 @@ func testJEthRE(t *testing.T) (string, *testjethre, *eth.Ethereum) {
 	ks := crypto.NewKeyStorePlain(filepath.Join(tmp, "keystore"))
 	am := accounts.NewManager(ks)
 	ethereum, err := eth.New(&eth.Config{
+		NodeKey:        testNodeKey,
 		DataDir:        tmp,
 		AccountManager: am,
 		MaxPeers:       0,
@@ -122,7 +124,7 @@ func TestNodeInfo(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	defer ethereum.Stop()
 	defer os.RemoveAll(tmp)
-	want := `{"DiscPort":0,"IP":"0.0.0.0","ListenAddr":"","Name":"test","NodeID":"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","NodeUrl":"enode://00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000@0.0.0.0:0","TCPPort":0,"Td":"0"}`
+	want := `{"DiscPort":0,"IP":"0.0.0.0","ListenAddr":"","Name":"test","NodeID":"4cb2fc32924e94277bf94b5e4c983beedb2eabd5a0bc941db32202735c6625d020ca14a5963d1738af43b6ac0a711d61b1a06de931a499fe2aa0b1a132a902b5","NodeUrl":"enode://4cb2fc32924e94277bf94b5e4c983beedb2eabd5a0bc941db32202735c6625d020ca14a5963d1738af43b6ac0a711d61b1a06de931a499fe2aa0b1a132a902b5@0.0.0.0:0","TCPPort":0,"Td":"131072"}`
 	checkEvalJSON(t, repl, `admin.nodeInfo()`, want)
 }
 

From c37389f19ced68c8eb3bd6589f206b8a14d9a00a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: obscuren <geffobscura@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 26 May 2015 19:50:42 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 08/18] core: check negative value transactions. Closes #1109

---
 core/chain_manager.go         |  2 +-
 core/transaction_pool.go      |  5 +++++
 core/transaction_pool_test.go | 14 ++++++++++++++
 eth/sync.go                   |  1 -
 4 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/core/chain_manager.go b/core/chain_manager.go
index 2b86bb7941..ec479db25c 100644
--- a/core/chain_manager.go
+++ b/core/chain_manager.go
@@ -750,7 +750,7 @@ out:
 
 func blockErr(block *types.Block, err error) {
 	h := block.Header()
-	glog.V(logger.Error).Infof("INVALID block #%v (%x)\n", h.Number, h.Hash().Bytes())
+	glog.V(logger.Error).Infof("Bad block #%v (%x)\n", h.Number, h.Hash().Bytes())
 	glog.V(logger.Error).Infoln(err)
 	glog.V(logger.Debug).Infoln(block)
 }
diff --git a/core/transaction_pool.go b/core/transaction_pool.go
index e68f7406ae..c896488d1e 100644
--- a/core/transaction_pool.go
+++ b/core/transaction_pool.go
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ var (
 	ErrInsufficientFunds  = errors.New("Insufficient funds for gas * price + value")
 	ErrIntrinsicGas       = errors.New("Intrinsic gas too low")
 	ErrGasLimit           = errors.New("Exceeds block gas limit")
+	ErrNegativeValue      = errors.New("Negative value")
 )
 
 const txPoolQueueSize = 50
@@ -125,6 +126,10 @@ func (pool *TxPool) ValidateTransaction(tx *types.Transaction) error {
 		return ErrGasLimit
 	}
 
+	if tx.Amount.Cmp(common.Big0) < 0 {
+		return ErrNegativeValue
+	}
+
 	total := new(big.Int).Mul(tx.Price, tx.GasLimit)
 	total.Add(total, tx.Value())
 	if pool.currentState().GetBalance(from).Cmp(total) < 0 {
diff --git a/core/transaction_pool_test.go b/core/transaction_pool_test.go
index 49224be5bb..d6ea4a2a9b 100644
--- a/core/transaction_pool_test.go
+++ b/core/transaction_pool_test.go
@@ -138,3 +138,17 @@ func TestRemoveTx(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Error("expected txs to be 0, got", len(pool.txs))
 	}
 }
+
+func TestNegativeValue(t *testing.T) {
+	pool, key := setupTxPool()
+
+	tx := transaction()
+	tx.Value().Set(big.NewInt(-1))
+	tx.SignECDSA(key)
+	from, _ := tx.From()
+	pool.currentState().AddBalance(from, big.NewInt(1))
+	err := pool.Add(tx)
+	if err != ErrNegativeValue {
+		t.Error("expected", ErrNegativeValue, "got", err)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/eth/sync.go b/eth/sync.go
index d93f83a783..cf549f852c 100644
--- a/eth/sync.go
+++ b/eth/sync.go
@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@ func (pm *ProtocolManager) processBlocks() error {
 		// Try to inset the blocks, drop the originating peer if there's an error
 		index, err := pm.chainman.InsertChain(raw)
 		if err != nil {
-			glog.V(logger.Warn).Infof("Block insertion failed: %v", err)
 			pm.removePeer(blocks[index].OriginPeer)
 			pm.downloader.Cancel()
 			return err

From 64174f196feb1b7ad58eed329ef5cdbebce9834c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?P=C3=A9ter=20Szil=C3=A1gyi?= <peterke@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 25 May 2015 15:04:05 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 09/18] p2p/discover: add support for counting findnode
 failures

---
 p2p/discover/database.go      | 17 ++++++++++++++---
 p2p/discover/database_test.go | 11 +++++++++++
 2 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/p2p/discover/database.go b/p2p/discover/database.go
index 3a3f1254b5..1b73c3dea5 100644
--- a/p2p/discover/database.go
+++ b/p2p/discover/database.go
@@ -44,9 +44,10 @@ var (
 	nodeDBVersionKey = []byte("version") // Version of the database to flush if changes
 	nodeDBItemPrefix = []byte("n:")      // Identifier to prefix node entries with
 
-	nodeDBDiscoverRoot = ":discover"
-	nodeDBDiscoverPing = nodeDBDiscoverRoot + ":lastping"
-	nodeDBDiscoverPong = nodeDBDiscoverRoot + ":lastpong"
+	nodeDBDiscoverRoot      = ":discover"
+	nodeDBDiscoverPing      = nodeDBDiscoverRoot + ":lastping"
+	nodeDBDiscoverPong      = nodeDBDiscoverRoot + ":lastpong"
+	nodeDBDiscoverFindFails = nodeDBDiscoverRoot + ":findfail"
 )
 
 // newNodeDB creates a new node database for storing and retrieving infos about
@@ -275,6 +276,16 @@ func (db *nodeDB) updateLastPong(id NodeID, instance time.Time) error {
 	return db.storeInt64(makeKey(id, nodeDBDiscoverPong), instance.Unix())
 }
 
+// findFails retrieves the number of findnode failures since bonding.
+func (db *nodeDB) findFails(id NodeID) int {
+	return int(db.fetchInt64(makeKey(id, nodeDBDiscoverFindFails)))
+}
+
+// updateFindFails updates the number of findnode failures since bonding.
+func (db *nodeDB) updateFindFails(id NodeID, fails int) error {
+	return db.storeInt64(makeKey(id, nodeDBDiscoverFindFails), int64(fails))
+}
+
 // querySeeds retrieves a batch of nodes to be used as potential seed servers
 // during bootstrapping the node into the network.
 //
diff --git a/p2p/discover/database_test.go b/p2p/discover/database_test.go
index 88f5d2155e..4fce164ca9 100644
--- a/p2p/discover/database_test.go
+++ b/p2p/discover/database_test.go
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ func TestNodeDBFetchStore(t *testing.T) {
 		30303,
 	)
 	inst := time.Now()
+	num := 314
 
 	db, _ := newNodeDB("", Version, NodeID{})
 	defer db.close()
@@ -117,6 +118,16 @@ func TestNodeDBFetchStore(t *testing.T) {
 	if stored := db.lastPong(node.ID); stored.Unix() != inst.Unix() {
 		t.Errorf("pong: value mismatch: have %v, want %v", stored, inst)
 	}
+	// Check fetch/store operations on a node findnode-failure object
+	if stored := db.findFails(node.ID); stored != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("find-node fails: non-existing object: %v", stored)
+	}
+	if err := db.updateFindFails(node.ID, num); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("find-node fails: failed to update: %v", err)
+	}
+	if stored := db.findFails(node.ID); stored != num {
+		t.Errorf("find-node fails: value mismatch: have %v, want %v", stored, num)
+	}
 	// Check fetch/store operations on an actual node object
 	if stored := db.node(node.ID); stored != nil {
 		t.Errorf("node: non-existing object: %v", stored)

From 6078aa08ebf165e523cc00b67d89f0f946ba4fb5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?P=C3=A9ter=20Szil=C3=A1gyi?= <peterke@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 25 May 2015 15:04:40 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 10/18] p2p/discover: watch find failures, evacuate on too
 many, rebond if failed

---
 p2p/discover/table.go | 55 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 47 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/p2p/discover/table.go b/p2p/discover/table.go
index b523a06841..c45143307a 100644
--- a/p2p/discover/table.go
+++ b/p2p/discover/table.go
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ const (
 	nBuckets   = hashBits + 1 // Number of buckets
 
 	maxBondingPingPongs = 16
+	maxFindnodeFailures = 5
 )
 
 type Table struct {
@@ -198,7 +199,19 @@ func (tab *Table) Lookup(targetID NodeID) []*Node {
 				asked[n.ID] = true
 				pendingQueries++
 				go func() {
-					r, _ := tab.net.findnode(n.ID, n.addr(), targetID)
+					// Find potential neighbors to bond with
+					r, err := tab.net.findnode(n.ID, n.addr(), targetID)
+					if err != nil {
+						// Bump the failure counter to detect and evacuate non-bonded entries
+						fails := tab.db.findFails(n.ID) + 1
+						tab.db.updateFindFails(n.ID, fails)
+						glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("Bumping failures for %x: %d", n.ID[:8], fails)
+
+						if fails > maxFindnodeFailures {
+							glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("Evacuating node %x: %d findnode failures", n.ID[:8], fails)
+							tab.del(n)
+						}
+					}
 					reply <- tab.bondall(r)
 				}()
 			}
@@ -305,8 +318,15 @@ func (tab *Table) bondall(nodes []*Node) (result []*Node) {
 // If pinged is true, the remote node has just pinged us and one half
 // of the process can be skipped.
 func (tab *Table) bond(pinged bool, id NodeID, addr *net.UDPAddr, tcpPort uint16) (*Node, error) {
-	var n *Node
-	if n = tab.db.node(id); n == nil {
+	// Retrieve a previously known node and any recent findnode failures
+	node, fails := tab.db.node(id), 0
+	if node != nil {
+		fails = tab.db.findFails(id)
+	}
+	// If the node is unknown (non-bonded) or failed (remotely unknown), bond from scratch
+	if node == nil || fails > 0 {
+		glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("Bonding %x: known=%v, fails=%v", id[:8], node != nil, fails)
+
 		tab.bondmu.Lock()
 		w := tab.bonding[id]
 		if w != nil {
@@ -325,18 +345,22 @@ func (tab *Table) bond(pinged bool, id NodeID, addr *net.UDPAddr, tcpPort uint16
 			delete(tab.bonding, id)
 			tab.bondmu.Unlock()
 		}
-		n = w.n
+		node = w.n
 		if w.err != nil {
 			return nil, w.err
 		}
 	}
+	// Bonding succeeded, add to the table and reset previous findnode failures
 	tab.mutex.Lock()
 	defer tab.mutex.Unlock()
-	b := tab.buckets[logdist(tab.self.sha, n.sha)]
-	if !b.bump(n) {
-		tab.pingreplace(n, b)
+
+	b := tab.buckets[logdist(tab.self.sha, node.sha)]
+	if !b.bump(node) {
+		tab.pingreplace(node, b)
 	}
-	return n, nil
+	tab.db.updateFindFails(id, 0)
+
+	return node, nil
 }
 
 func (tab *Table) pingpong(w *bondproc, pinged bool, id NodeID, addr *net.UDPAddr, tcpPort uint16) {
@@ -414,6 +438,21 @@ outer:
 	}
 }
 
+// del removes an entry from the node table (used to evacuate failed/non-bonded
+// discovery peers).
+func (tab *Table) del(node *Node) {
+	tab.mutex.Lock()
+	defer tab.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	bucket := tab.buckets[logdist(tab.self.sha, node.sha)]
+	for i := range bucket.entries {
+		if bucket.entries[i].ID == node.ID {
+			bucket.entries = append(bucket.entries[:i], bucket.entries[i+1:]...)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func (b *bucket) bump(n *Node) bool {
 	for i := range b.entries {
 		if b.entries[i].ID == n.ID {

From 5076170f344afb970c1adc91429ced6ce93b5989 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?P=C3=A9ter=20Szil=C3=A1gyi?= <peterke@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 25 May 2015 15:22:54 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 11/18] p2p/discover: permit temporary bond failures for
 previously known nodes

---
 p2p/discover/table.go | 27 +++++++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/p2p/discover/table.go b/p2p/discover/table.go
index c45143307a..ee1d58cae0 100644
--- a/p2p/discover/table.go
+++ b/p2p/discover/table.go
@@ -324,6 +324,7 @@ func (tab *Table) bond(pinged bool, id NodeID, addr *net.UDPAddr, tcpPort uint16
 		fails = tab.db.findFails(id)
 	}
 	// If the node is unknown (non-bonded) or failed (remotely unknown), bond from scratch
+	var result error
 	if node == nil || fails > 0 {
 		glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("Bonding %x: known=%v, fails=%v", id[:8], node != nil, fails)
 
@@ -345,22 +346,24 @@ func (tab *Table) bond(pinged bool, id NodeID, addr *net.UDPAddr, tcpPort uint16
 			delete(tab.bonding, id)
 			tab.bondmu.Unlock()
 		}
-		node = w.n
-		if w.err != nil {
-			return nil, w.err
+		// Retrieve the bonding results
+		result = w.err
+		if result == nil {
+			node = w.n
 		}
 	}
-	// Bonding succeeded, add to the table and reset previous findnode failures
-	tab.mutex.Lock()
-	defer tab.mutex.Unlock()
+	// Even if bonding temporarily failed, give the node a chance
+	if node != nil {
+		tab.mutex.Lock()
+		defer tab.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	b := tab.buckets[logdist(tab.self.sha, node.sha)]
-	if !b.bump(node) {
-		tab.pingreplace(node, b)
+		b := tab.buckets[logdist(tab.self.sha, node.sha)]
+		if !b.bump(node) {
+			tab.pingreplace(node, b)
+		}
+		tab.db.updateFindFails(id, 0)
 	}
-	tab.db.updateFindFails(id, 0)
-
-	return node, nil
+	return node, result
 }
 
 func (tab *Table) pingpong(w *bondproc, pinged bool, id NodeID, addr *net.UDPAddr, tcpPort uint16) {

From f539ed1e6647cb27d873ae12e48db66df93df34a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?P=C3=A9ter=20Szil=C3=A1gyi?= <peterke@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 25 May 2015 15:57:44 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 12/18] p2p/discover: force refresh if the table is empty

---
 p2p/discover/table.go | 54 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 41 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/p2p/discover/table.go b/p2p/discover/table.go
index ee1d58cae0..38bdea0ca0 100644
--- a/p2p/discover/table.go
+++ b/p2p/discover/table.go
@@ -191,6 +191,12 @@ func (tab *Table) Lookup(targetID NodeID) []*Node {
 	result := tab.closest(target, bucketSize)
 	tab.mutex.Unlock()
 
+	// If the result set is empty, all nodes were dropped, refresh
+	if len(result.entries) == 0 {
+		tab.refresh()
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	for {
 		// ask the alpha closest nodes that we haven't asked yet
 		for i := 0; i < len(result.entries) && pendingQueries < alpha; i++ {
@@ -207,7 +213,7 @@ func (tab *Table) Lookup(targetID NodeID) []*Node {
 						tab.db.updateFindFails(n.ID, fails)
 						glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("Bumping failures for %x: %d", n.ID[:8], fails)
 
-						if fails > maxFindnodeFailures {
+						if fails >= maxFindnodeFailures {
 							glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("Evacuating node %x: %d findnode failures", n.ID[:8], fails)
 							tab.del(n)
 						}
@@ -232,19 +238,41 @@ func (tab *Table) Lookup(targetID NodeID) []*Node {
 	return result.entries
 }
 
-// refresh performs a lookup for a random target to keep buckets full.
+// refresh performs a lookup for a random target to keep buckets full, or seeds
+// the table if it is empty (initial bootstrap or discarded faulty peers).
 func (tab *Table) refresh() {
-	// The Kademlia paper specifies that the bucket refresh should
-	// perform a refresh in the least recently used bucket. We cannot
-	// adhere to this because the findnode target is a 512bit value
-	// (not hash-sized) and it is not easily possible to generate a
-	// sha3 preimage that falls into a chosen bucket.
-	//
-	// We perform a lookup with a random target instead.
-	var target NodeID
-	rand.Read(target[:])
-	result := tab.Lookup(target)
-	if len(result) == 0 {
+	seed := true
+
+	// If the discovery table is empty, seed with previously known nodes
+	tab.mutex.Lock()
+	for _, bucket := range tab.buckets {
+		if len(bucket.entries) > 0 {
+			seed = false
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	tab.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	// If the table is not empty, try to refresh using the live entries
+	if !seed {
+		// The Kademlia paper specifies that the bucket refresh should
+		// perform a refresh in the least recently used bucket. We cannot
+		// adhere to this because the findnode target is a 512bit value
+		// (not hash-sized) and it is not easily possible to generate a
+		// sha3 preimage that falls into a chosen bucket.
+		//
+		// We perform a lookup with a random target instead.
+		var target NodeID
+		rand.Read(target[:])
+
+		result := tab.Lookup(target)
+		if len(result) == 0 {
+			// Lookup failed, seed after all
+			seed = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	if seed {
 		// Pick a batch of previously know seeds to lookup with
 		seeds := tab.db.querySeeds(10)
 		for _, seed := range seeds {

From 3630432dfb486a5bf8f853900be1fe32fefae182 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?P=C3=A9ter=20Szil=C3=A1gyi?= <peterke@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 25 May 2015 16:23:16 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 13/18] p2p/discovery: fix a cornercase loop if no seeds or
 bootnodes are known

---
 p2p/discover/table.go | 14 +++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/p2p/discover/table.go b/p2p/discover/table.go
index 38bdea0ca0..7bff0d1d06 100644
--- a/p2p/discover/table.go
+++ b/p2p/discover/table.go
@@ -278,12 +278,16 @@ func (tab *Table) refresh() {
 		for _, seed := range seeds {
 			glog.V(logger.Debug).Infoln("Seeding network with", seed)
 		}
+		peers := append(tab.nursery, seeds...)
+
 		// Bootstrap the table with a self lookup
-		all := tab.bondall(append(tab.nursery, seeds...))
-		tab.mutex.Lock()
-		tab.add(all)
-		tab.mutex.Unlock()
-		tab.Lookup(tab.self.ID)
+		if len(peers) > 0 {
+			tab.mutex.Lock()
+			tab.add(peers)
+			tab.mutex.Unlock()
+
+			tab.Lookup(tab.self.ID)
+		}
 		// TODO: the Kademlia paper says that we're supposed to perform
 		// random lookups in all buckets further away than our closest neighbor.
 	}

From 612f01400f59b0b4d0db9f9ceaa38f45805ea89e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?P=C3=A9ter=20Szil=C3=A1gyi?= <peterke@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 25 May 2015 16:35:32 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 14/18] p2p/discover: bond with seed nodes too (runs only if
 findnode failed)

---
 p2p/discover/table.go | 11 ++++-------
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/p2p/discover/table.go b/p2p/discover/table.go
index 7bff0d1d06..4b7ddb7759 100644
--- a/p2p/discover/table.go
+++ b/p2p/discover/table.go
@@ -278,14 +278,11 @@ func (tab *Table) refresh() {
 		for _, seed := range seeds {
 			glog.V(logger.Debug).Infoln("Seeding network with", seed)
 		}
-		peers := append(tab.nursery, seeds...)
-
-		// Bootstrap the table with a self lookup
-		if len(peers) > 0 {
-			tab.mutex.Lock()
-			tab.add(peers)
-			tab.mutex.Unlock()
+		nodes := append(tab.nursery, seeds...)
 
+		// Bond with all the seed nodes (will pingpong only if failed recently)
+		bonded := tab.bondall(nodes)
+		if len(bonded) > 0 {
 			tab.Lookup(tab.self.ID)
 		}
 		// TODO: the Kademlia paper says that we're supposed to perform

From b2f2806055c90f6956db6c89bfdc3df65b95d6b6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: obscuren <geffobscura@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 27 May 2015 00:11:54 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 15/18] cmd/geth, core: Updated DB version & seedhash debug
 method

---
 cmd/geth/admin.go       | 25 ++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 core/block_processor.go |  5 ++++-
 2 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cmd/geth/admin.go b/cmd/geth/admin.go
index 28786553c7..8f9a009d74 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/admin.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/admin.go
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ func (js *jsre) adminBindings() {
 	debug.Set("getBlockRlp", js.getBlockRlp)
 	debug.Set("setHead", js.setHead)
 	debug.Set("processBlock", js.debugBlock)
+	debug.Set("seedhash", js.seedHash)
 	// undocumented temporary
 	debug.Set("waitForBlocks", js.waitForBlocks)
 }
@@ -118,6 +119,27 @@ func (js *jsre) getBlock(call otto.FunctionCall) (*types.Block, error) {
 	return block, nil
 }
 
+func (js *jsre) seedHash(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
+	if len(call.ArgumentList) > 0 {
+		if call.Argument(0).IsNumber() {
+			num, _ := call.Argument(0).ToInteger()
+			hash, err := ethash.GetSeedHash(uint64(num))
+			if err != nil {
+				fmt.Println(err)
+				return otto.UndefinedValue()
+			}
+			v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(fmt.Sprintf("0x%x", hash))
+			return v
+		} else {
+			fmt.Println("arg not a number")
+		}
+	} else {
+		fmt.Println("requires number argument")
+	}
+
+	return otto.UndefinedValue()
+}
+
 func (js *jsre) pendingTransactions(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
 	txs := js.ethereum.TxPool().GetTransactions()
 
@@ -220,10 +242,11 @@ func (js *jsre) debugBlock(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
 	vm.Debug = true
 	_, err = js.ethereum.BlockProcessor().RetryProcess(block)
 	if err != nil {
-		glog.Infoln(err)
+		fmt.Println(err)
 	}
 	vm.Debug = old
 
+	fmt.Println("ok")
 	return otto.UndefinedValue()
 }
 
diff --git a/core/block_processor.go b/core/block_processor.go
index 3f10e5efde..0377824079 100644
--- a/core/block_processor.go
+++ b/core/block_processor.go
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import (
 const (
 	// must be bumped when consensus algorithm is changed, this forces the upgradedb
 	// command to be run (forces the blocks to be imported again using the new algorithm)
-	BlockChainVersion = 2
+	BlockChainVersion = 3
 )
 
 var receiptsPre = []byte("receipts-")
@@ -159,6 +159,9 @@ func (sm *BlockProcessor) RetryProcess(block *types.Block) (logs state.Logs, err
 		return nil, ParentError(header.ParentHash)
 	}
 	parent := sm.bc.GetBlock(header.ParentHash)
+	if !sm.Pow.Verify(block) {
+		return nil, ValidationError("Block's nonce is invalid (= %x)", block.Nonce)
+	}
 
 	return sm.processWithParent(block, parent)
 }

From 222249e622cd552b0500051fbbcbfb00a5366da4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: obscuren <geffobscura@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 27 May 2015 01:36:59 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 16/18] cmd/geth: Flush instead of close. This solves a nil ptr
 error

---
 cmd/geth/main.go | 12 ++++++------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cmd/geth/main.go b/cmd/geth/main.go
index 9d935efbd4..742dae10f0 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/main.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/main.go
@@ -533,9 +533,9 @@ func importchain(ctx *cli.Context) {
 	}
 
 	// force database flush
-	ethereum.BlockDb().Close()
-	ethereum.StateDb().Close()
-	ethereum.ExtraDb().Close()
+	ethereum.BlockDb().Flush()
+	ethereum.StateDb().Flush()
+	ethereum.ExtraDb().Flush()
 
 	fmt.Printf("Import done in %v", time.Since(start))
 
@@ -630,9 +630,9 @@ func upgradeDb(ctx *cli.Context) {
 	}
 
 	// force database flush
-	ethereum.BlockDb().Close()
-	ethereum.StateDb().Close()
-	ethereum.ExtraDb().Close()
+	ethereum.BlockDb().Flush()
+	ethereum.StateDb().Flush()
+	ethereum.ExtraDb().Flush()
 
 	os.Remove(exportFile)
 

From be2b0501b5832c0b49f07cdf2db597cc34450199 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: obscuren <geffobscura@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 27 May 2015 01:52:03 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 17/18] core: block.gasLimit - parent.gasLimit <=
 parent.gasLimit / GasLimitBoundDivisor

---
 core/block_processor.go | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/core/block_processor.go b/core/block_processor.go
index 0377824079..e808c03da0 100644
--- a/core/block_processor.go
+++ b/core/block_processor.go
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ func (sm *BlockProcessor) ValidateHeader(block, parent *types.Header, checkPow b
 	a := new(big.Int).Sub(block.GasLimit, parent.GasLimit)
 	a.Abs(a)
 	b := new(big.Int).Div(parent.GasLimit, params.GasLimitBoundDivisor)
-	if !(a.Cmp(b) < 0) || (block.GasLimit.Cmp(params.MinGasLimit) == -1) {
+	if !(a.Cmp(b) <= 0) || (block.GasLimit.Cmp(params.MinGasLimit) == -1) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("GasLimit check failed for block %v (%v > %v)", block.GasLimit, a, b)
 	}
 

From 2c532a7255919bc09e01cca6866bfc15682509a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: obscuren <geffobscura@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 27 May 2015 02:06:52 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 18/18] cmd/geth: bump version 0.9.25

---
 cmd/geth/main.go | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/cmd/geth/main.go b/cmd/geth/main.go
index 742dae10f0..0cbf8e41a2 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/main.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/main.go
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ import _ "net/http/pprof"
 
 const (
 	ClientIdentifier = "Geth"
-	Version          = "0.9.24"
+	Version          = "0.9.25"
 )
 
 var (