This commit adds pluggable consensus engines to go-ethereum. In short, it
introduces a generic consensus interface, and refactors the entire codebase to
use this interface.
This commit solves several issues concerning the genesis block:
* Genesis/ChainConfig loading was handled by cmd/geth code. This left
library users in the cold. They could specify a JSON-encoded
string and overwrite the config, but didn't get any of the additional
checks performed by geth.
* Decoding and writing of genesis JSON was conflated in
WriteGenesisBlock. This made it a lot harder to embed the genesis
block into the forthcoming config file loader. This commit changes
things so there is a single Genesis type that represents genesis
blocks. All uses of Write*Genesis* are changed to use the new type
instead.
* If the chain config supplied by the user was incompatible with the
current chain (i.e. the chain had already advanced beyond a scheduled
fork), it got overwritten. This is not an issue in practice because
previous forks have always had the highest total difficulty. It might
matter in the future though. The new code reverts the local chain to
the point of the fork when upgrading configuration.
The change to genesis block data removes compression library
dependencies from package core.
There is no need to depend on the old context package now that the
minimum Go version is 1.7. The move to "context" eliminates our weird
vendoring setup. Some vendored code still uses golang.org/x/net/context
and it is now vendored in the normal way.
This change triggered new vet checks around context.WithTimeout which
didn't fire with golang.org/x/net/context.
* accounts, cmd, eth, ethdb: port logs over to new system
* ethdb: drop concept of cache distribution between dbs
* eth: fix some log nitpicks to make them nicer
* common: remove CurrencyToString
Move denomination values to params instead.
* common: delete dead code
* common: move big integer operations to common/math
This commit consolidates all big integer operations into common/math and
adds tests and documentation.
There should be no change in semantics for BigPow, BigMin, BigMax, S256,
U256, Exp and their behaviour is now locked in by tests.
The BigD, BytesToBig and Bytes2Big functions don't provide additional
value, all uses are replaced by new(big.Int).SetBytes().
BigToBytes is now called PaddedBigBytes, its minimum output size
parameter is now specified as the number of bytes instead of bits. The
single use of this function is in the EVM's MSTORE instruction.
Big and String2Big are replaced by ParseBig, which is slightly stricter.
It previously accepted leading zeros for hexadecimal inputs but treated
decimal inputs as octal if a leading zero digit was present.
ParseUint64 is used in places where String2Big was used to decode a
uint64.
The new functions MustParseBig and MustParseUint64 are now used in many
places where parsing errors were previously ignored.
* common: delete unused big integer variables
* accounts/abi: replace uses of BytesToBig with use of encoding/binary
* common: remove BytesToBig
* common: remove Bytes2Big
* common: remove BigTrue
* cmd/utils: add BigFlag and use it for error-checked integer flags
While here, remove environment variable processing for DirectoryFlag
because we don't use it.
* core: add missing error checks in genesis block parser
* common: remove String2Big
* cmd/evm: use utils.BigFlag
* common/math: check for 256 bit overflow in ParseBig
This is supposed to prevent silent overflow/truncation of values in the
genesis block JSON. Without this check, a genesis block that set a
balance larger than 256 bits would lead to weird behaviour in the VM.
* cmd/utils: fixup import
Reworked the EVM gas instructions to use 64bit integers rather than
arbitrary size big ints. All gas operations, be it additions,
multiplications or divisions, are checked and guarded against 64 bit
integer overflows.
In additon, most of the protocol paramaters in the params package have
been converted to uint64 and are now constants rather than variables.
* common/math: added overflow check ops
* core: vmenv, env renamed to evm
* eth, internal/ethapi, les: unmetered eth_call and cancel methods
* core/vm: implemented big.Int pool for evm instructions
* core/vm: unexported intPool methods & verification methods
* core/vm: added memoryGasCost overflow check and test
* core,eth,internal: Added `debug_getBadBlocks()` method
When bad blocks are discovered, these are stored within geth.
An RPC-endpoint makes them availablewithin the `debug`
namespace. This feature makes it easier to discover network forks.
```
* core, api: go format + docs
* core/blockchain: Documentation, fix minor nitpick
* core: fix failing blockchain test
Reworked the EVM gas instructions to use 64bit integers rather than
arbitrary size big ints. All gas operations, be it additions,
multiplications or divisions, are checked and guarded against 64 bit
integer overflows.
In additon, most of the protocol paramaters in the params package have
been converted to uint64 and are now constants rather than variables.
* common/math: added overflow check ops
* core: vmenv, env renamed to evm
* eth, internal/ethapi, les: unmetered eth_call and cancel methods
* core/vm: implemented big.Int pool for evm instructions
* core/vm: unexported intPool methods & verification methods
* core/vm: added memoryGasCost overflow check and test
The Subscription type is gone, all uses are replaced by
*TypeMuxSubscription. This change is prep-work for the
introduction of the new Subscription type in a later commit.
gorename -from '"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"::Event' -to TypeMuxEvent
gorename -from '"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"::muxsub' -to TypeMuxSubscription
gofmt -w -r 'Subscription -> *TypeMuxSubscription' ./event/*.go
find . -name '*.go' -and -not -regex '\./vendor/.*' \| xargs gofmt -w -r 'event.Subscription -> *event.TypeMuxSubscription'
Commit d3b751e accidentally deleted a crucial 'return' statement,
leading to a crash in case of an issue with node data. This change
improves the fix in PR #3591 by removing the lock entirely.
This significantly reduces the dependency closure of ethclient, which no
longer depends on core/vm as of this change.
All uses of vm.Logs are replaced by []*types.Log. NewLog is gone too,
the constructor simply returned a literal.
The run loop, which previously contained custom opcode executes have been
removed and has been simplified to a few checks.
Each operation consists of 4 elements: execution function, gas cost function,
stack validation function and memory size function. The execution function
implements the operation's runtime behaviour, the gas cost function implements
the operation gas costs function and greatly depends on the memory and stack,
the stack validation function validates the stack and makes sure that enough
items can be popped off and pushed on and the memory size function calculates
the memory required for the operation and returns it.
This commit also allows the EVM to go unmetered. This is helpful for offline
operations such as contract calls.
This commit introduces a FindOnce method for filters. FindOnce finds the next block that
matches the filter and returns all matching logs from that block. If there are no further
matching logs, it returns a nil slice. This method allows callers to iterate over large
sets of logs progressively.
The changes introduce a small inefficiency relating to mipmaps: the first time a filter is
called, it acts as if all mipmaps are matched, and thus iterates several blocks near the
requested start point. This is in the interest of simplicity and avoiding duplicate mipmap
lookups each time FindOnce is called.
The transaction pool keeps track of the current nonce in its local pendingState. When a
new block comes in the pendingState is reset. During the reset it fetches multiple times
the current state through the use of the currentState callback. When a second block comes
in during the reset its possible that the state changes during the reset. If that block
holds transactions that are currently in the pool the local pendingState that is used to
determine nonces can get out of sync.
Environment is now a struct (not an interface). This
reduces a lot of tech-debt throughout the codebase where a virtual
machine environment had to be implemented in order to test or run it.
The new environment is suitable to be used en the json tests, core
consensus and light client.
This field used to be assigned by the filter system and returned through
the RPC API. Now that we have a Go client that uses the underlying type,
the field needs to move. It is now assigned to true when the RemovedLogs
event is generated so the filter system doesn't need to care about the
field at all.
While here, remove the log list from ChainSideEvent. There are no users
of this field right now and any potential users could subscribe to
RemovedLogsEvent instead.
The registrar was broken, unmaintained and there is a much better
replacement: ENS.
(cherry picked from commit 6ca8f57b08d550613175260cab7633adcacbe6ab)
This commit implements EIP158 part 1, 2, 3 & 4
1. If an account is empty it's no longer written to the trie. An empty
account is defined as (balance=0, nonce=0, storage=0, code=0).
2. Delete an empty account if it's touched
3. An empty account is redefined as either non-existent or empty.
4. Zero value calls and zero value suicides no longer consume the 25k
reation costs.
params: moved core/config to params
Signed-off-by: Jeffrey Wilcke <jeffrey@ethereum.org>
These accessors were introduced by light client changes, but
the only method that is actually used is GetNumberU64. This
commit replaces all uses of .GetNumberU64 with .Number.Uint64.
This commit converts the dependency management from Godeps to the vendor
folder, also switching the tool from godep to trash. Since the upstream tool
lacks a few features proposed via a few PRs, until those PRs are merged in
(if), use github.com/karalabe/trash.
You can update dependencies via trash --update.
All dependencies have been updated to their latest version.
Parts of the build system are reworked to drop old notions of Godeps and
invocation of the go vet command so that it doesn't run against the vendor
folder, as that will just blow up during vetting.
The conversion drops OpenCL (and hence GPU mining support) from ethash and our
codebase. The short reasoning is that there's noone to maintain and having
opencl libs in our deps messes up builds as go install ./... tries to build
them, failing with unsatisfied link errors for the C OpenCL deps.
golang.org/x/net/context is not vendored in. We expect it to be fetched by the
user (i.e. using go get). To keep ci.go builds reproducible the package is
"vendored" in build/_vendor.
* trie: store nodes as pointers
This avoids memory copies when unwrapping node interface values.
name old time/op new time/op delta
Get 388ns ± 8% 215ns ± 2% -44.56% (p=0.000 n=15+15)
GetDB 363ns ± 3% 202ns ± 2% -44.21% (p=0.000 n=15+15)
UpdateBE 1.57µs ± 2% 1.29µs ± 3% -17.80% (p=0.000 n=13+15)
UpdateLE 1.92µs ± 2% 1.61µs ± 2% -16.25% (p=0.000 n=14+14)
HashBE 2.16µs ± 6% 2.18µs ± 6% ~ (p=0.436 n=15+15)
HashLE 7.43µs ± 3% 7.21µs ± 3% -2.96% (p=0.000 n=15+13)
* trie: close temporary databases in GetDB benchmark
* trie: don't keep []byte from DB load around
Nodes decoded from a DB load kept hashes and values as sub-slices of
the DB value. This can be a problem because loading from leveldb often
returns []byte with a cap that's larger than necessary, increasing
memory usage.
* trie: unload old cached nodes
* trie, core/state: use cache unloading for account trie
* trie: use explicit private flags (fixes Go 1.5 reflection issue).
* trie: fixup cachegen overflow at request of nick
* core/state: rename journal size constant
This commit replaces the deep-copy based state revert mechanism with a
linear complexity journal. This commit also hides several internal
StateDB methods to limit the number of ways in which calling code can
use the journal incorrectly.
As usual consultation and bug fixes to the initial implementation were
provided by @karalabe, @obscuren and @Arachnid. Thank you!
In this commit, contract bindings and their backend start using the
Ethereum Go API interfaces offered by ethclient. This makes ethclient a
suitable replacement for the old remote backend and gets us one step
closer to the final stable Go API that is planned for go-ethereum 1.5.
The changes in detail:
* Pending state is optional for read only contract bindings.
BoundContract attempts to discover the Pending* methods via an
interface assertion. There are a couple of advantages to this:
ContractCaller is just two methods and can be implemented on top of
pretty much anything that provides Ethereum data. Since the backend
interfaces are now disjoint, ContractBackend can simply be declared as
a union of the reader and writer side.
* Caching of HasCode is removed. The caching could go wrong in case of
chain reorganisations and removing it simplifies the code a lot.
We'll figure out a performant way of providing ErrNoCode before the
1.5 release.
* BoundContract now ensures that the backend receives a non-nil context
with every call.
ValidateFields was introduced before the rlp decoder disallowed nil
values. Decoding RLP will never return nil values, there is no need
to check for them.
This CL makes several refactors:
- Define a Tracer interface, implementing the `CaptureState` method
- Add the VM environment as the first argument of
`Tracer.CaptureState`
- Rename existing functionality `StructLogger` an make it an
implementation of `Tracer`
- Delete `StructLogCollector` and make `StructLogger` collect the logs
directly
- Change all callers to use the new `StructLogger` where necessary and
extract logs from that.
- Deletes the apparently obsolete and likely nonfunctional 'TraceCall'
from the eth API.
Callers that only wish accumulated logs can use the `StructLogger`
implementation straightforwardly. Callers that wish to efficiently
capture VM traces and operate on them without excessive copying can now
implement the `Tracer` interface to receive VM state at each step and
do with it as they wish.
This CL also removes the accumulation of logs from the vm.Environment;
this was necessary as part of the refactor, but also simplifies it by
removing a responsibility that doesn't directly belong to the
Environment.
Support for legacy version 0.9.x is gone. The compiler version is no
longer cached. Compilation results (and the version) are read directly
from stdout using the --combined-json flag. As a workaround for
ethereum/solidity#651, source code is written to a temporary file before
compilation.
Integration of solc in package ethapi and cmd/abigen is now much simpler
because the compiler wrapper is no longer passed around as a pointer.
Fixes#2806, accidentally
The account manager was previously created by packge cmd/utils as part
of flag processing and then passed down into eth.Ethereum through its
config struct. Since we are starting to create nodes which do not have
eth.Ethereum as a registered service, the code was rearranged to
register the account manager as its own service. Making it a service is
ugly though and it doesn't really fix the root cause: creating nodes
without eth.Ethereum requires duplicating lots of code.
This commit splits utils.MakeSystemNode into three functions, making
creation of other node/service configurations easier. It also moves the
account manager into Node so it can be used by those configurations
without requiring package eth.
Consensus rules dictate that objects can only be removed during the
finalisation of the transaction (i.e. after all calls have finished).
Thus calling a suicided contract twice from the same transaction:
A->B(S)->ret(A)->B(S) results in 2 suicides. Calling the suicided
object twice from two transactions: A->B(S), A->B, results in only one
suicide and a call to an empty object.
Our current debug tracing functionality replays all transaction that
were executed prior to the targetted transaction in order to provide
the user with an accurate trace.
As a side effect to calling StateDB.IntermediateRoot it also deletes any
suicides objects. Our tracing code never calls this function because it
isn't interested in the intermediate root. Becasue of this it caused a
bug in the tracing code where transactions that were send to priviously
deleted objects resulted in two suicides rather than one suicide and a
call to an empty object.
Fixes#2542
We used to have reporting of bad blocks, but it was disabled
before the Frontier release. We need it back because users
are usually unable to provide the full RLP data of a bad
block when it occurs.
A shortcoming of this particular implementation is that the
origin peer is not tracked for blocks received during eth/63
sync. No origin peer info is still better than no report at
all though.
Shutting down geth prints hundreds of annoying error messages in some
cases. The errors appear because the Stop method of eth.ProtocolManager,
miner.Miner and core.TxPool is asynchronous. Left over peer sessions
generate events which are processed after Stop even though the database
has already been closed.
The fix is to make Stop synchronous using sync.WaitGroup.
For eth.ProtocolManager, in order to make use of WaitGroup safe, we need
a way to stop new peer sessions from being added while waiting on the
WaitGroup. The eth protocol Run function now selects on a signaling
channel and adds to the WaitGroup only if ProtocolManager is not
shutting down.
For miner.worker and core.TxPool the number of goroutines is static,
WaitGroup can be used in the usual way without additional
synchronisation.
Context keys must have a unique type in order to prevent
any unintented clashes. The code used int(1) as key.
Fix it by implementing the pattern recommended by package context.
- Manager.Accounts no longer returns an error.
- Manager methods take Account instead of common.Address.
- All uses of Account with unkeyed fields are converted.
The account management API was originally implemented as a thin layer
around crypto.KeyStore, on the grounds that several kinds of key stores
would be implemented later on. It turns out that this won't happen so
KeyStore is a superflous abstraction.
In this commit crypto.KeyStore and everything related to it moves to
package accounts and is unexported.
rpc: be less restrictive on the request id
rpc: improved documentation
console: upgrade web3.js to version 0.16.0
rpc: cache http connections
rpc: rename wsDomains parameter to wsOrigins
Exposes some core methods to transition and compute new state
information and adds an additional return value to the transition db
method to fetch required gas for that particular message (excluding gas
refunds from any SSTORE[X] = 0 and SUICIDE.
Fixes#2395
The chain maker and the simulated backend now run with a homestead phase
beginning at block 0 (i.e. there's no frontier).
This commit also fixes up #2388
Added chain configuration options and write out during genesis database
insertion. If no "config" was found, nothing is written to the database.
Configurations are written on a per genesis base. This means
that any chain (which is identified by it's genesis hash) can have their
own chain settings.
When a block is queried for retrieval we should add a check whether the
block falls within the frontier rules. If we'd always use `From`
retrieving transaction might fail. This PR temporarily changes
everything to `FromFrontier` (safe!).
* change gas cost for contract creating txs
* invalidate signature with s value greater than secp256k1 N / 2
* OOG contract creation if not enough gas to store code
* new difficulty adjustment algorithm
* new DELEGATECALL op code
Pending logs are now filterable through the Go API. Filter API changed
such that each filter type has it's own bucket and adding filter
explicitly requires you specify the bucket to put it in.
This PR fixes a regression of the RPC where the default gas price that
was being used for transaction wasn't properly using the GPO. This PR
adds the GPO back to suggest gas prices rather than the hardcoded
default of 10000000000000.
Closes#2194
Out of Bound log events are events that were removed due to a fork. When
logs are received the filtering mechanism should check for the `removed`
field on the json structure.
The test chain generated by makeChainFork included invalid uncle
headers, crashing the generator during the state commit.
The headers were invalid because they used the iteration counter as the
block number, even though makeChainFork uses a block with number > 0 as
the parent. Fix this by introducing BlockGen.Number, which allows
accessing the actual number of the block being generated.
State and receipt deliveries from a previous eth/62+ sync can hang if
the downloader has moved on to syncing with eth/61. Fix this by also
draining the eth/63 channels while waiting for eth/61 data.
A nicer solution would be to take care of the channels in a central
place, but that would involve a major rewrite.
Unexpected deliveries could block indefinitely if they arrived at the
right time. The fix is to ensure that the cancellation channel is
always closed when the sync ends, unblocking any deliveries. Also remove
the atomic check for whether a sync is currently running because it
doesn't help and can be misleading.
Cancelling always seems to break the tests though. The downloader
spawned d.process whenever new data arrived, making it somewhat hard to
track when block processing was actually done. Fix this by running
d.process in a dedicated goroutine that is tied to the lifecycle of the
sync. d.process gets notified of new work by the queue instead of being
invoked all the time. This removes a ton of weird workaround code,
including a hairy use of atomic CAS.
This removes the burden on a single object to take care of all
validation and state processing. Now instead the validation is done by
the `core.BlockValidator` (`types.Validator`) that takes care of both
header and uncle validation through the `ValidateBlock` method and state
validation through the `ValidateState` method. The state processing is
done by a new object `core.StateProcessor` (`types.Processor`) and
accepts a new state as input and uses that to process the given block's
transactions (and uncles for rewords) to calculate the state root for
the next block (P_n + 1).
There are a bunch of changes required to make this work:
- in miner: allow unregistering agents, fix RemoteAgent.Stop
- in eth/filters: make FilterSystem.Stop not crash
- in rpc/comms: move listen loop to platform-independent code
Fixes#1930. I ran the shell loop there for a few minutes and didn't see
any changes in the memory profile.
XEth.gpo was being initialized as needed. WithState copies the XEth
struct including the gpo field. If gpo was nil at the time of the copy
and Call or Transact were invoked on it, an additional GPO listenLoop
would be spawned.
Move the lazy initialization to GasPriceOracle instead so the same GPO
instance is shared among all created XEths.
Fixes#1317
Might help with #1930
* xeth, rpc: implement eth_getNatSpec for tx confirmations
* rename silly docserver -> httpclient
* eth/backend: httpclient now accessible via eth.Ethereum init-d via config.DocRoot
* cmd: introduce separate CLI flag for DocRoot (defaults to homedir)
* common/path: delete unused assetpath func, separate HomeDir func
* lines with leading space are ommitted from history
* exit processed even with whitespace around
* all whitespace lines (not only empty ones) are ignored
add 7 missing commands to admin api autocomplete
registrar: methods now return proper error if reg addresses are not set. fixes#1457
rpc/console: fix personal.newAccount() regression. Now all comms accept interactive password
registrar: add registrar tests for errors
crypto: catch AES decryption error on presale wallet import + fix error msg format. fixes#1580
CLI: improve error message when starting a second instance of geth. fixes#1564
cli/accounts: unlock multiple accounts. fixes#1785
* make unlocking multiple accounts work with inline <() fd
* passwdfile now correctly read only once
* improve logs
* fix CLI help text for unlocking
fix regression with docRoot / admin API
* docRoot/jspath passed to rpc/api ParseApis, which passes onto adminApi
* docRoot field for JS console in order to pass when RPC is (re)started
* improve flag desc for jspath
common/docserver: catch http errors from response
fix rpc/api tests
common/natspec: fix end to end test (skipped because takes 8s)
registrar: fix major regression:
* deploy registrars on frontier
* register HashsReg and UrlHint in GlobalRegistrar.
* set all 3 contract addresses in code
* zero out addresses first in tests
Log filtering is now using a MIPmap like approach where addresses of
logs are added to a mapped bloom bin. The current levels for the MIP are
in ranges of 1.000.000, 500.000, 100.000, 50.000, 1.000. Logs are
therefor filtered in batches of 1.000.
