params: release Geth v1.10.12

params: update Ropsten CHT too

.travis.yml

@@ -120,36 +120,6 @@ jobs:
         - go run build/ci.go install -dlgo -arch arm64 -cc aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc
         - go run build/ci.go archive -arch arm64 -type tar -signer LINUX_SIGNING_KEY -signify SIGNIFY_KEY -upload gethstore/builds
 
-    # This builder does the Linux Azure MIPS xgo uploads
-    - stage: build
-      if: type = push
-      os: linux
-      dist: bionic
-      services:
-        - docker
-      go: 1.17.x
-      env:
-        - azure-linux-mips
-        - GO111MODULE=on
-      git:
-        submodules: false # avoid cloning ethereum/tests
-      script:
-        - go run build/ci.go xgo --alltools -- --targets=linux/mips --ldflags '-extldflags "-static"' -v
-        - for bin in build/bin/*-linux-mips; do mv -f "${bin}" "${bin/-linux-mips/}"; done
-        - go run build/ci.go archive -arch mips -type tar -signer LINUX_SIGNING_KEY -signify SIGNIFY_KEY -upload gethstore/builds
-
-        - go run build/ci.go xgo --alltools -- --targets=linux/mipsle --ldflags '-extldflags "-static"' -v
-        - for bin in build/bin/*-linux-mipsle; do mv -f "${bin}" "${bin/-linux-mipsle/}"; done
-        - go run build/ci.go archive -arch mipsle -type tar -signer LINUX_SIGNING_KEY -signify SIGNIFY_KEY -upload gethstore/builds
-
-        - go run build/ci.go xgo --alltools -- --targets=linux/mips64 --ldflags '-extldflags "-static"' -v
-        - for bin in build/bin/*-linux-mips64; do mv -f "${bin}" "${bin/-linux-mips64/}"; done
-        - go run build/ci.go archive -arch mips64 -type tar -signer LINUX_SIGNING_KEY signify SIGNIFY_KEY -upload gethstore/builds
-
-        - go run build/ci.go xgo --alltools -- --targets=linux/mips64le --ldflags '-extldflags "-static"' -v
-        - for bin in build/bin/*-linux-mips64le; do mv -f "${bin}" "${bin/-linux-mips64le/}"; done
-        - go run build/ci.go archive -arch mips64le -type tar -signer LINUX_SIGNING_KEY -signify SIGNIFY_KEY -upload gethstore/builds
-
     # This builder does the Android Maven and Azure uploads
     - stage: build
       if: type = push

Makefile

@@ -2,11 +2,7 @@
 # with Go source code. If you know what GOPATH is then you probably
 # don't need to bother with make.
 
-.PHONY: geth android ios geth-cross evm all test clean
+.PHONY: geth android ios evm all test clean
-.PHONY: geth-linux geth-linux-386 geth-linux-amd64 geth-linux-mips64 geth-linux-mips64le
-.PHONY: geth-linux-arm geth-linux-arm-5 geth-linux-arm-6 geth-linux-arm-7 geth-linux-arm64
-.PHONY: geth-darwin geth-darwin-386 geth-darwin-amd64
-.PHONY: geth-windows geth-windows-386 geth-windows-amd64
 
 GOBIN = ./build/bin
 GO ?= latest
@@ -53,95 +49,3 @@ devtools:
 	env GOBIN= go install ./cmd/abigen
 	@type "solc" 2> /dev/null || echo 'Please install solc'
 	@type "protoc" 2> /dev/null || echo 'Please install protoc'
-
-# Cross Compilation Targets (xgo)
-
-geth-cross: geth-linux geth-darwin geth-windows geth-android geth-ios
-	@echo "Full cross compilation done:"
-	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-*
-
-geth-linux: geth-linux-386 geth-linux-amd64 geth-linux-arm geth-linux-mips64 geth-linux-mips64le
-	@echo "Linux cross compilation done:"
-	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-linux-*
-
-geth-linux-386:
-	$(GORUN) build/ci.go xgo -- --go=$(GO) --targets=linux/386 -v ./cmd/geth
-	@echo "Linux 386 cross compilation done:"
-	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-linux-* | grep 386
-
-geth-linux-amd64:
-	$(GORUN) build/ci.go xgo -- --go=$(GO) --targets=linux/amd64 -v ./cmd/geth
-	@echo "Linux amd64 cross compilation done:"
-	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-linux-* | grep amd64
-
-geth-linux-arm: geth-linux-arm-5 geth-linux-arm-6 geth-linux-arm-7 geth-linux-arm64
-	@echo "Linux ARM cross compilation done:"
-	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-linux-* | grep arm
-
-geth-linux-arm-5:
-	$(GORUN) build/ci.go xgo -- --go=$(GO) --targets=linux/arm-5 -v ./cmd/geth
-	@echo "Linux ARMv5 cross compilation done:"
-	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-linux-* | grep arm-5
-
-geth-linux-arm-6:
-	$(GORUN) build/ci.go xgo -- --go=$(GO) --targets=linux/arm-6 -v ./cmd/geth
-	@echo "Linux ARMv6 cross compilation done:"
-	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-linux-* | grep arm-6
-
-geth-linux-arm-7:
-	$(GORUN) build/ci.go xgo -- --go=$(GO) --targets=linux/arm-7 -v ./cmd/geth
-	@echo "Linux ARMv7 cross compilation done:"
-	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-linux-* | grep arm-7
-
-geth-linux-arm64:
-	$(GORUN) build/ci.go xgo -- --go=$(GO) --targets=linux/arm64 -v ./cmd/geth
-	@echo "Linux ARM64 cross compilation done:"
-	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-linux-* | grep arm64
-
-geth-linux-mips:
-	$(GORUN) build/ci.go xgo -- --go=$(GO) --targets=linux/mips --ldflags '-extldflags "-static"' -v ./cmd/geth
-	@echo "Linux MIPS cross compilation done:"
-	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-linux-* | grep mips
-
-geth-linux-mipsle:
-	$(GORUN) build/ci.go xgo -- --go=$(GO) --targets=linux/mipsle --ldflags '-extldflags "-static"' -v ./cmd/geth
-	@echo "Linux MIPSle cross compilation done:"
-	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-linux-* | grep mipsle
-
-geth-linux-mips64:
-	$(GORUN) build/ci.go xgo -- --go=$(GO) --targets=linux/mips64 --ldflags '-extldflags "-static"' -v ./cmd/geth
-	@echo "Linux MIPS64 cross compilation done:"
-	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-linux-* | grep mips64
-
-geth-linux-mips64le:
-	$(GORUN) build/ci.go xgo -- --go=$(GO) --targets=linux/mips64le --ldflags '-extldflags "-static"' -v ./cmd/geth
-	@echo "Linux MIPS64le cross compilation done:"
-	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-linux-* | grep mips64le
-
-geth-darwin: geth-darwin-386 geth-darwin-amd64
-	@echo "Darwin cross compilation done:"
-	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-darwin-*
-
-geth-darwin-386:
-	$(GORUN) build/ci.go xgo -- --go=$(GO) --targets=darwin/386 -v ./cmd/geth
-	@echo "Darwin 386 cross compilation done:"
-	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-darwin-* | grep 386
-
-geth-darwin-amd64:
-	$(GORUN) build/ci.go xgo -- --go=$(GO) --targets=darwin/amd64 -v ./cmd/geth
-	@echo "Darwin amd64 cross compilation done:"
-	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-darwin-* | grep amd64
-
-geth-windows: geth-windows-386 geth-windows-amd64
-	@echo "Windows cross compilation done:"
-	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-windows-*
-
-geth-windows-386:
-	$(GORUN) build/ci.go xgo -- --go=$(GO) --targets=windows/386 -v ./cmd/geth
-	@echo "Windows 386 cross compilation done:"
-	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-windows-* | grep 386
-
-geth-windows-amd64:
-	$(GORUN) build/ci.go xgo -- --go=$(GO) --targets=windows/amd64 -v ./cmd/geth
-	@echo "Windows amd64 cross compilation done:"
-	@ls -ld $(GOBIN)/geth-windows-* | grep amd64

accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go

@@ -462,6 +462,9 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) PendingNonceAt(ctx context.Context, account common.Ad
 // SuggestGasPrice implements ContractTransactor.SuggestGasPrice. Since the simulated
 // chain doesn't have miners, we just return a gas price of 1 for any call.
 func (b *SimulatedBackend) SuggestGasPrice(ctx context.Context) (*big.Int, error) {
+	if b.pendingBlock.Header().BaseFee != nil {
+		return b.pendingBlock.Header().BaseFee, nil
+	}
 	return big.NewInt(1), nil
 }
 

accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated_test.go

@@ -916,8 +916,8 @@ func TestSuggestGasPrice(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("could not get gas price: %v", err)
 	}
-	if gasPrice.Uint64() != uint64(1) {
+	if gasPrice.Uint64() != sim.pendingBlock.Header().BaseFee.Uint64() {
-		t.Errorf("gas price was not expected value of 1. actual: %v", gasPrice.Uint64())
+		t.Errorf("gas price was not expected value of %v. actual: %v", sim.pendingBlock.Header().BaseFee.Uint64(), gasPrice.Uint64())
 	}
 }
 

accounts/abi/bind/base.go

@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ func (c *BoundContract) transact(opts *TransactOpts, contract *common.Address, i
 		rawTx, err = c.createLegacyTx(opts, contract, input)
 	} else {
 		// Only query for basefee if gasPrice not specified
-		if head, errHead := c.transactor.HeaderByNumber(ensureContext(opts.Context), nil); err != nil {
+		if head, errHead := c.transactor.HeaderByNumber(ensureContext(opts.Context), nil); errHead != nil {
 			return nil, errHead
 		} else if head.BaseFee != nil {
 			rawTx, err = c.createDynamicTx(opts, contract, input, head)

build/ci.go

@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ Available commands are:
    nsis                                                                                        -- creates a Windows NSIS installer
    aar        [ -local ] [ -sign key-id ] [-deploy repo] [ -upload dest ]                      -- creates an Android archive
    xcode      [ -local ] [ -sign key-id ] [-deploy repo] [ -upload dest ]                      -- creates an iOS XCode framework
-   xgo        [ -alltools ] [ options ]                                                        -- cross builds according to options
    purge      [ -store blobstore ] [ -days threshold ]                                         -- purges old archives from the blobstore
 
 For all commands, -n prevents execution of external programs (dry run mode).
@@ -188,8 +187,6 @@ func main() {
 		doAndroidArchive(os.Args[2:])
 	case "xcode":
 		doXCodeFramework(os.Args[2:])
-	case "xgo":
-		doXgo(os.Args[2:])
 	case "purge":
 		doPurge(os.Args[2:])
 	default:
@@ -1209,48 +1206,6 @@ func newPodMetadata(env build.Environment, archive string) podMetadata {
 	}
 }
 
-// Cross compilation
-
-func doXgo(cmdline []string) {
-	var (
-		alltools = flag.Bool("alltools", false, `Flag whether we're building all known tools, or only on in particular`)
-	)
-	flag.CommandLine.Parse(cmdline)
-	env := build.Env()
-	var tc build.GoToolchain
-
-	// Make sure xgo is available for cross compilation
-	build.MustRun(tc.Install(GOBIN, "github.com/karalabe/xgo@latest"))
-
-	// If all tools building is requested, build everything the builder wants
-	args := append(buildFlags(env), flag.Args()...)
-
-	if *alltools {
-		args = append(args, []string{"--dest", GOBIN}...)
-		for _, res := range allToolsArchiveFiles {
-			if strings.HasPrefix(res, GOBIN) {
-				// Binary tool found, cross build it explicitly
-				args = append(args, "./"+filepath.Join("cmd", filepath.Base(res)))
-				build.MustRun(xgoTool(args))
-				args = args[:len(args)-1]
-			}
-		}
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Otherwise execute the explicit cross compilation
-	path := args[len(args)-1]
-	args = append(args[:len(args)-1], []string{"--dest", GOBIN, path}...)
-	build.MustRun(xgoTool(args))
-}
-
-func xgoTool(args []string) *exec.Cmd {
-	cmd := exec.Command(filepath.Join(GOBIN, "xgo"), args...)
-	cmd.Env = os.Environ()
-	cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, []string{"GOBIN=" + GOBIN}...)
-	return cmd
-}
-
 // Binary distribution cleanups
 
 func doPurge(cmdline []string) {

cmd/devp2p/nodesetcmd.go

@@ -235,6 +235,8 @@ func ethFilter(args []string) (nodeFilter, error) {
 		filter = forkid.NewStaticFilter(params.GoerliChainConfig, params.GoerliGenesisHash)
 	case "ropsten":
 		filter = forkid.NewStaticFilter(params.RopstenChainConfig, params.RopstenGenesisHash)
+	case "sepolia":
+		filter = forkid.NewStaticFilter(params.SepoliaChainConfig, params.SepoliaGenesisHash)
 	default:
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown network %q", args[0])
 	}

cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/execution.go

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ type rejectedTx struct {
 // Apply applies a set of transactions to a pre-state
 func (pre *Prestate) Apply(vmConfig vm.Config, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig,
 	txs types.Transactions, miningReward int64,
-	getTracerFn func(txIndex int, txHash common.Hash) (tracer vm.Tracer, err error)) (*state.StateDB, *ExecutionResult, error) {
+	getTracerFn func(txIndex int, txHash common.Hash) (tracer vm.EVMLogger, err error)) (*state.StateDB, *ExecutionResult, error) {
 
 	// Capture errors for BLOCKHASH operation, if we haven't been supplied the
 	// required blockhashes

cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/transaction.go

@@ -36,17 +36,19 @@ import (
 )
 
 type result struct {
-	Error   error
+	Error        error
-	Address common.Address
+	Address      common.Address
-	Hash    common.Hash
+	Hash         common.Hash
+	IntrinsicGas uint64
 }
 
 // MarshalJSON marshals as JSON with a hash.
 func (r *result) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	type xx struct {
-		Error   string          `json:"error,omitempty"`
+		Error        string          `json:"error,omitempty"`
-		Address *common.Address `json:"address,omitempty"`
+		Address      *common.Address `json:"address,omitempty"`
-		Hash    *common.Hash    `json:"hash,omitempty"`
+		Hash         *common.Hash    `json:"hash,omitempty"`
+		IntrinsicGas uint64          `json:"intrinsicGas,omitempty"`
 	}
 	var out xx
 	if r.Error != nil {
@@ -58,6 +60,7 @@ func (r *result) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	if r.Hash != (common.Hash{}) {
 		out.Hash = &r.Hash
 	}
+	out.IntrinsicGas = r.IntrinsicGas
 	return json.Marshal(out)
 }
 
@@ -118,6 +121,9 @@ func Transaction(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	}
 	var results []result
 	for it.Next() {
+		if err := it.Err(); err != nil {
+			return NewError(ErrorIO, err)
+		}
 		var tx types.Transaction
 		err := rlp.DecodeBytes(it.Value(), &tx)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -132,12 +138,36 @@ func Transaction(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		} else {
 			r.Address = sender
 		}
-
+		// Check intrinsic gas
 		if gas, err := core.IntrinsicGas(tx.Data(), tx.AccessList(), tx.To() == nil,
 			chainConfig.IsHomestead(new(big.Int)), chainConfig.IsIstanbul(new(big.Int))); err != nil {
 			r.Error = err
-		} else if tx.Gas() < gas {
+			results = append(results, r)
-			r.Error = fmt.Errorf("%w: have %d, want %d", core.ErrIntrinsicGas, tx.Gas(), gas)
+			continue
+		} else {
+			r.IntrinsicGas = gas
+			if tx.Gas() < gas {
+				r.Error = fmt.Errorf("%w: have %d, want %d", core.ErrIntrinsicGas, tx.Gas(), gas)
+				results = append(results, r)
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+		// Validate <256bit fields
+		switch {
+		case tx.Value().BitLen() > 256:
+			r.Error = errors.New("value exceeds 256 bits")
+		case tx.GasPrice().BitLen() > 256:
+			r.Error = errors.New("gasPrice exceeds 256 bits")
+		case tx.GasTipCap().BitLen() > 256:
+			r.Error = errors.New("maxPriorityFeePerGas exceeds 256 bits")
+		case tx.GasFeeCap().BitLen() > 256:
+			r.Error = errors.New("maxFeePerGas exceeds 256 bits")
+		case tx.GasFeeCap().Cmp(tx.GasTipCap()) < 0:
+			r.Error = errors.New("maxFeePerGas < maxPriorityFeePerGas")
+		case new(big.Int).Mul(tx.GasPrice(), new(big.Int).SetUint64(tx.Gas())).BitLen() > 256:
+			r.Error = errors.New("gas * gasPrice exceeds 256 bits")
+		case new(big.Int).Mul(tx.GasFeeCap(), new(big.Int).SetUint64(tx.Gas())).BitLen() > 256:
+			r.Error = errors.New("gas * maxFeePerGas exceeds 256 bits")
 		}
 		results = append(results, r)
 	}

cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/transition.go

@@ -89,10 +89,10 @@ func Transition(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 
 	var (
 		err     error
-		tracer  vm.Tracer
+		tracer  vm.EVMLogger
 		baseDir = ""
 	)
-	var getTracer func(txIndex int, txHash common.Hash) (vm.Tracer, error)
+	var getTracer func(txIndex int, txHash common.Hash) (vm.EVMLogger, error)
 
 	// If user specified a basedir, make sure it exists
 	if ctx.IsSet(OutputBasedir.Name) {
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ func Transition(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 				prevFile.Close()
 			}
 		}()
-		getTracer = func(txIndex int, txHash common.Hash) (vm.Tracer, error) {
+		getTracer = func(txIndex int, txHash common.Hash) (vm.EVMLogger, error) {
 			if prevFile != nil {
 				prevFile.Close()
 			}
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ func Transition(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 			return vm.NewJSONLogger(logConfig, traceFile), nil
 		}
 	} else {
-		getTracer = func(txIndex int, txHash common.Hash) (tracer vm.Tracer, err error) {
+		getTracer = func(txIndex int, txHash common.Hash) (tracer vm.EVMLogger, err error) {
 			return nil, nil
 		}
 	}

cmd/evm/runner.go

@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ func runCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	}
 
 	var (
-		tracer        vm.Tracer
+		tracer        vm.EVMLogger
 		debugLogger   *vm.StructLogger
 		statedb       *state.StateDB
 		chainConfig   *params.ChainConfig

cmd/evm/staterunner.go

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ func stateTestCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		EnableReturnData: !ctx.GlobalBool(DisableReturnDataFlag.Name),
 	}
 	var (
-		tracer   vm.Tracer
+		tracer   vm.EVMLogger
 		debugger *vm.StructLogger
 	)
 	switch {

cmd/evm/t8n_test.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/reexec"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/cmdtest"
 )
 
@@ -170,13 +171,45 @@ func TestT8n(t *testing.T) {
 			output: t8nOutput{result: true},
 			expOut: "exp2.json",
 		},
+		{ // Difficulty calculation - with uncles + Berlin
+			base: "./testdata/14",
+			input: t8nInput{
+				"alloc.json", "txs.json", "env.uncles.json", "Berlin", "",
+			},
+			output: t8nOutput{result: true},
+			expOut: "exp_berlin.json",
+		},
+		{ // Difficulty calculation on arrow glacier
+			base: "./testdata/19",
+			input: t8nInput{
+				"alloc.json", "txs.json", "env.json", "London", "",
+			},
+			output: t8nOutput{result: true},
+			expOut: "exp_london.json",
+		},
+		{ // Difficulty calculation on arrow glacier
+			base: "./testdata/19",
+			input: t8nInput{
+				"alloc.json", "txs.json", "env.json", "ArrowGlacier", "",
+			},
+			output: t8nOutput{result: true},
+			expOut: "exp_arrowglacier.json",
+		},
 	} {
 
 		args := []string{"t8n"}
 		args = append(args, tc.output.get()...)
 		args = append(args, tc.input.get(tc.base)...)
+		var qArgs []string // quoted args for debugging purposes
+		for _, arg := range args {
+			if len(arg) == 0 {
+				qArgs = append(qArgs, `""`)
+			} else {
+				qArgs = append(qArgs, arg)
+			}
+		}
+		tt.Logf("args: %v\n", strings.Join(qArgs, " "))
 		tt.Run("evm-test", args...)
-		tt.Logf("args: %v\n", strings.Join(args, " "))
 		// Compare the expected output, if provided
 		if tc.expOut != "" {
 			want, err := os.ReadFile(fmt.Sprintf("%v/%v", tc.base, tc.expOut))
@@ -257,6 +290,22 @@ func TestT9n(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			expOut: "exp.json",
 		},
+		{ // Transactions with value exceeding 256 bits
+			base: "./testdata/17",
+			input: t9nInput{
+				inTxs:  "signed_txs.rlp",
+				stFork: "London",
+			},
+			expOut: "exp.json",
+		},
+		{ // Invalid RLP
+			base: "./testdata/18",
+			input: t9nInput{
+				inTxs:  "invalid.rlp",
+				stFork: "London",
+			},
+			expExitCode: t8ntool.ErrorIO,
+		},
 	} {
 
 		args := []string{"t9n"}

cmd/evm/testdata/14/exp_berlin.json

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "result": {
+    "stateRoot": "0x6f058887ca01549716789c380ede95aecc510e6d1fdc4dbf67d053c7c07f4bdc",
+    "txRoot": "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
+    "receiptRoot": "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
+    "logsHash": "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
+    "logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+    "receipts": [],
+    "currentDifficulty": "0x1ff9000000000"
+  }
+}

cmd/evm/testdata/15/exp2.json

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 [
   {
     "address": "0xd02d72e067e77158444ef2020ff2d325f929b363",
-    "hash": "0xa98a24882ea90916c6a86da650fbc6b14238e46f0af04a131ce92be897507476"
+    "hash": "0xa98a24882ea90916c6a86da650fbc6b14238e46f0af04a131ce92be897507476",
+    "intrinsicGas": 21000
   },
   {
     "address": "0xd02d72e067e77158444ef2020ff2d325f929b363",
-    "hash": "0x36bad80acce7040c45fd32764b5c2b2d2e6f778669fb41791f73f546d56e739a"
+    "hash": "0x36bad80acce7040c45fd32764b5c2b2d2e6f778669fb41791f73f546d56e739a",
+    "intrinsicGas": 21000
   }
 ]

cmd/evm/testdata/16/exp.json

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 [
   {
     "address": "0xa94f5374fce5edbc8e2a8697c15331677e6ebf0b",
-    "hash": "0x7cc3d1a8540a44736750f03bb4d85c0113be4b3472a71bf82241a3b261b479e6"
+    "hash": "0x7cc3d1a8540a44736750f03bb4d85c0113be4b3472a71bf82241a3b261b479e6",
+    "intrinsicGas": 21000
   },
   {
     "error": "intrinsic gas too low: have 82, want 21000",
     "address": "0xa94f5374fce5edbc8e2a8697c15331677e6ebf0b",
-    "hash": "0x3b2d2609e4361562edb9169314f4c05afc6dbf5d706bf9dda5abe242ab76a22b"
+    "hash": "0x3b2d2609e4361562edb9169314f4c05afc6dbf5d706bf9dda5abe242ab76a22b",
+    "intrinsicGas": 21000
   }
 ]

cmd/evm/testdata/17/exp.json

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+ [
+    {
+      "error": "value exceeds 256 bits",
+      "address": "0xa94f5374fce5edbc8e2a8697c15331677e6ebf0b",
+      "hash": "0xfbd91685dcbf8172f0e8c53e2ddbb4d26707840da6b51a74371f62a33868fd82",
+      "intrinsicGas": 21000
+    },
+    {
+      "error": "gasPrice exceeds 256 bits",
+      "address": "0x1b57ccef1fe5fb73f1e64530fb4ebd9cf1655964",
+      "hash": "0x45dc05035cada83748e4c1fe617220106b331eca054f44c2304d5654a9fb29d5",
+      "intrinsicGas": 21000
+    },
+    {
+      "error": "invalid transaction v, r, s values",
+      "hash": "0xf06691c2a803ab7f3c81d06a0c0a896f80f311105c599fc59a9fdbc669356d35"
+    },
+    {
+      "error": "invalid transaction v, r, s values",
+      "hash": "0x84703b697ad5b0db25e4f1f98fb6b1adce85b9edb2232eeba9cedd8c6601694b"
+    }
+]

cmd/evm/testdata/17/rlpdata.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+[
+  [
+    "",
+    "d",
+    5208,
+    d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0,
+    010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001,
+    "",
+    1b,
+    c16787a8e25e941d67691954642876c08f00996163ae7dfadbbfd6cd436f549d,
+    6180e5626cae31590f40641fe8f63734316c4bfeb4cdfab6714198c1044d2e28,
+  ],
+  [
+    "",
+    010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001,
+    5208,
+    d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0,
+    11,
+    "",
+    1b,
+    c16787a8e25e941d67691954642876c08f00996163ae7dfadbbfd6cd436f549d,
+    6180e5626cae31590f40641fe8f63734316c4bfeb4cdfab6714198c1044d2e28,
+  ],
+  [
+    "",
+    11,
+    5208,
+    d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0,
+    11,
+    "",
+    1b,
+    c16787a8e25e941d67691954642876c08f00996163ae7dfadbbfd6cd436f549daa,
+    6180e5626cae31590f40641fe8f63734316c4bfeb4cdfab6714198c1044d2e28,
+  ],
+  [
+    "",
+    11,
+    5208,
+    d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0,
+    11,
+    "",
+    1b,
+    c16787a8e25e941d67691954642876c08f00996163ae7dfadbbfd6cd436f549d,
+    6180e5626cae31590f40641fe8f63734316c4bfeb4cdfab6714198c1044d2e28bb,
+  ],
+]

cmd/evm/testdata/17/signed_txs.rlp

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+"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"

cmd/evm/testdata/18/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Invalid rlp
+
+This folder contains a sample of invalid RLP, and it's expected
+that the t9n handles this properly: 
+
+```
+$ go run . t9n --input.txs=./testdata/18/invalid.rlp --state.fork=London 
+ERROR(11): rlp: value size exceeds available input length
+```

cmd/evm/testdata/18/invalid.rlp

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+"0xf852328001825208870b9331677e6ebf0a801ca098ff921201554726367d2be8c804a7ff89ccf285ebc57dff8ae4c44b9c19ac4aa03887321be575c8095f789dd4c743dfe42c1820f9231f98a962b210e3ac2452a3"

cmd/evm/testdata/19/alloc.json

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "a94f5374fce5edbc8e2a8697c15331677e6ebf0b": {
+    "balance": "0x5ffd4878be161d74",
+    "code": "0x",
+    "nonce": "0xac",
+    "storage": {}
+  },
+  "0x8a8eafb1cf62bfbeb1741769dae1a9dd47996192":{
+    "balance": "0xfeedbead",
+    "nonce" : "0x00"
+  }
+}

cmd/evm/testdata/19/env.json

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "currentCoinbase": "0xc94f5374fce5edbc8e2a8697c15331677e6ebf0b",
+  "currentGasLimit": "0x750a163df65e8a",
+  "currentBaseFee": "0x500",
+  "currentNumber": "13000000",
+  "currentTimestamp": "100015",
+  "parentTimestamp" : "99999",
+  "parentDifficulty" : "0x2000000000000"
+}

cmd/evm/testdata/19/exp_arrowglacier.json

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "result": {
+    "stateRoot": "0x6f058887ca01549716789c380ede95aecc510e6d1fdc4dbf67d053c7c07f4bdc",
+    "txRoot": "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
+    "receiptRoot": "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
+    "logsHash": "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
+    "logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+    "currentDifficulty": "0x2000000200000",
+    "receipts": []
+  }
+}

cmd/evm/testdata/19/exp_london.json

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "result": {
+    "stateRoot": "0x6f058887ca01549716789c380ede95aecc510e6d1fdc4dbf67d053c7c07f4bdc",
+    "txRoot": "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
+    "receiptRoot": "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
+    "logsHash": "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
+    "logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+    "currentDifficulty": "0x2000080000000",
+    "receipts": []
+  }
+}

cmd/evm/testdata/19/readme.md

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+## Difficulty calculation
+
+This test shows how the `evm t8n` can be used to calculate the (ethash) difficulty, if none is provided by the caller, 
+this time on `ArrowGlacier` (Eip 4345).
+
+Calculating it (with an empty set of txs) using `ArrowGlacier` rules (and no provided unclehash for the parent block):
+```
+[user@work evm]$ ./evm t8n --input.alloc=./testdata/14/alloc.json --input.txs=./testdata/14/txs.json --input.env=./testdata/14/env.json --output.result=stdout --state.fork=ArrowGlacier
+```

cmd/evm/testdata/19/txs.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+[]

cmd/geth/chaincmd.go

@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ It expects the genesis file as argument.`,
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
 			utils.MainnetFlag,
 			utils.RopstenFlag,
+			utils.SepoliaFlag,
 			utils.RinkebyFlag,
 			utils.GoerliFlag,
 		},
@@ -140,7 +141,9 @@ be gzipped.`,
 		},
 		Category: "BLOCKCHAIN COMMANDS",
 		Description: `
-	The import-preimages command imports hash preimages from an RLP encoded stream.`,
+The import-preimages command imports hash preimages from an RLP encoded stream.
+It's deprecated, please use "geth db import" instead.
+`,
 	}
 	exportPreimagesCommand = cli.Command{
 		Action:    utils.MigrateFlags(exportPreimages),
@@ -154,7 +157,9 @@ be gzipped.`,
 		},
 		Category: "BLOCKCHAIN COMMANDS",
 		Description: `
-The export-preimages command export hash preimages to an RLP encoded stream`,
+The export-preimages command exports hash preimages to an RLP encoded stream.
+It's deprecated, please use "geth db export" instead.
+`,
 	}
 	dumpCommand = cli.Command{
 		Action:    utils.MigrateFlags(dump),
@@ -368,7 +373,6 @@ func exportPreimages(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if len(ctx.Args()) < 1 {
 		utils.Fatalf("This command requires an argument.")
 	}
-
 	stack, _ := makeConfigNode(ctx)
 	defer stack.Close()
 

cmd/geth/config.go

@@ -156,8 +156,8 @@ func makeConfigNode(ctx *cli.Context) (*node.Node, gethConfig) {
 // makeFullNode loads geth configuration and creates the Ethereum backend.
 func makeFullNode(ctx *cli.Context) (*node.Node, ethapi.Backend) {
 	stack, cfg := makeConfigNode(ctx)
-	if ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.OverrideLondonFlag.Name) {
+	if ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.OverrideArrowGlacierFlag.Name) {
-		cfg.Eth.OverrideLondon = new(big.Int).SetUint64(ctx.GlobalUint64(utils.OverrideLondonFlag.Name))
+		cfg.Eth.OverrideArrowGlacier = new(big.Int).SetUint64(ctx.GlobalUint64(utils.OverrideArrowGlacierFlag.Name))
 	}
 	backend, eth := utils.RegisterEthService(stack, &cfg.Eth)
 

cmd/geth/consolecmd.go

@@ -134,6 +134,8 @@ func remoteConsole(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 				path = filepath.Join(path, "rinkeby")
 			} else if ctx.GlobalBool(utils.GoerliFlag.Name) {
 				path = filepath.Join(path, "goerli")
+			} else if ctx.GlobalBool(utils.SepoliaFlag.Name) {
+				path = filepath.Join(path, "sepolia")
 			}
 		}
 		endpoint = fmt.Sprintf("%s/geth.ipc", path)

cmd/geth/dbcmd.go

@@ -17,11 +17,16 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"os/signal"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
@@ -62,6 +67,8 @@ Remove blockchain and state databases`,
 			dbPutCmd,
 			dbGetSlotsCmd,
 			dbDumpFreezerIndex,
+			dbImportCmd,
+			dbExportCmd,
 		},
 	}
 	dbInspectCmd = cli.Command{
@@ -73,6 +80,7 @@ Remove blockchain and state databases`,
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
 			utils.MainnetFlag,
 			utils.RopstenFlag,
+			utils.SepoliaFlag,
 			utils.RinkebyFlag,
 			utils.GoerliFlag,
 		},
@@ -88,6 +96,7 @@ Remove blockchain and state databases`,
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
 			utils.MainnetFlag,
 			utils.RopstenFlag,
+			utils.SepoliaFlag,
 			utils.RinkebyFlag,
 			utils.GoerliFlag,
 		},
@@ -101,6 +110,7 @@ Remove blockchain and state databases`,
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
 			utils.MainnetFlag,
 			utils.RopstenFlag,
+			utils.SepoliaFlag,
 			utils.RinkebyFlag,
 			utils.GoerliFlag,
 			utils.CacheFlag,
@@ -120,6 +130,7 @@ corruption if it is aborted during execution'!`,
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
 			utils.MainnetFlag,
 			utils.RopstenFlag,
+			utils.SepoliaFlag,
 			utils.RinkebyFlag,
 			utils.GoerliFlag,
 		},
@@ -135,6 +146,7 @@ corruption if it is aborted during execution'!`,
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
 			utils.MainnetFlag,
 			utils.RopstenFlag,
+			utils.SepoliaFlag,
 			utils.RinkebyFlag,
 			utils.GoerliFlag,
 		},
@@ -151,6 +163,7 @@ WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
 			utils.MainnetFlag,
 			utils.RopstenFlag,
+			utils.SepoliaFlag,
 			utils.RinkebyFlag,
 			utils.GoerliFlag,
 		},
@@ -167,6 +180,7 @@ WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
 			utils.MainnetFlag,
 			utils.RopstenFlag,
+			utils.SepoliaFlag,
 			utils.RinkebyFlag,
 			utils.GoerliFlag,
 		},
@@ -182,11 +196,42 @@ WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
 			utils.MainnetFlag,
 			utils.RopstenFlag,
+			utils.SepoliaFlag,
 			utils.RinkebyFlag,
 			utils.GoerliFlag,
 		},
 		Description: "This command displays information about the freezer index.",
 	}
+	dbImportCmd = cli.Command{
+		Action:    utils.MigrateFlags(importLDBdata),
+		Name:      "import",
+		Usage:     "Imports leveldb-data from an exported RLP dump.",
+		ArgsUsage: "<dumpfile> <start (optional)",
+		Flags: []cli.Flag{
+			utils.DataDirFlag,
+			utils.SyncModeFlag,
+			utils.MainnetFlag,
+			utils.RopstenFlag,
+			utils.RinkebyFlag,
+			utils.GoerliFlag,
+		},
+		Description: "The import command imports the specific chain data from an RLP encoded stream.",
+	}
+	dbExportCmd = cli.Command{
+		Action:    utils.MigrateFlags(exportChaindata),
+		Name:      "export",
+		Usage:     "Exports the chain data into an RLP dump. If the <dumpfile> has .gz suffix, gzip compression will be used.",
+		ArgsUsage: "<type> <dumpfile>",
+		Flags: []cli.Flag{
+			utils.DataDirFlag,
+			utils.SyncModeFlag,
+			utils.MainnetFlag,
+			utils.RopstenFlag,
+			utils.RinkebyFlag,
+			utils.GoerliFlag,
+		},
+		Description: "Exports the specified chain data to an RLP encoded stream, optionally gzip-compressed.",
+	}
 )
 
 func removeDB(ctx *cli.Context) error {
@@ -335,14 +380,15 @@ func dbGet(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	db := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, true)
 	defer db.Close()
 
-	key, err := hexutil.Decode(ctx.Args().Get(0))
+	key, err := parseHexOrString(ctx.Args().Get(0))
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Info("Could not decode the key", "error", err)
 		return err
 	}
+
 	data, err := db.Get(key)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Info("Get operation failed", "error", err)
+		log.Info("Get operation failed", "key", fmt.Sprintf("0x%#x", key), "error", err)
 		return err
 	}
 	fmt.Printf("key %#x: %#x\n", key, data)
@@ -360,7 +406,7 @@ func dbDelete(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	db := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, false)
 	defer db.Close()
 
-	key, err := hexutil.Decode(ctx.Args().Get(0))
+	key, err := parseHexOrString(ctx.Args().Get(0))
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Info("Could not decode the key", "error", err)
 		return err
@@ -370,7 +416,7 @@ func dbDelete(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		fmt.Printf("Previous value: %#x\n", data)
 	}
 	if err = db.Delete(key); err != nil {
-		log.Info("Delete operation returned an error", "error", err)
+		log.Info("Delete operation returned an error", "key", fmt.Sprintf("0x%#x", key), "error", err)
 		return err
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -393,7 +439,7 @@ func dbPut(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		data  []byte
 		err   error
 	)
-	key, err = hexutil.Decode(ctx.Args().Get(0))
+	key, err = parseHexOrString(ctx.Args().Get(0))
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Info("Could not decode the key", "error", err)
 		return err
@@ -499,3 +545,142 @@ func freezerInspect(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+// ParseHexOrString tries to hexdecode b, but if the prefix is missing, it instead just returns the raw bytes
+func parseHexOrString(str string) ([]byte, error) {
+	b, err := hexutil.Decode(str)
+	if errors.Is(err, hexutil.ErrMissingPrefix) {
+		return []byte(str), nil
+	}
+	return b, err
+}
+
+func importLDBdata(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+	start := 0
+	switch ctx.NArg() {
+	case 1:
+		break
+	case 2:
+		s, err := strconv.Atoi(ctx.Args().Get(1))
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("second arg must be an integer: %v", err)
+		}
+		start = s
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("required arguments: %v", ctx.Command.ArgsUsage)
+	}
+	var (
+		fName     = ctx.Args().Get(0)
+		stack, _  = makeConfigNode(ctx)
+		interrupt = make(chan os.Signal, 1)
+		stop      = make(chan struct{})
+	)
+	defer stack.Close()
+	signal.Notify(interrupt, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
+	defer signal.Stop(interrupt)
+	defer close(interrupt)
+	go func() {
+		if _, ok := <-interrupt; ok {
+			log.Info("Interrupted during ldb import, stopping at next batch")
+		}
+		close(stop)
+	}()
+	db := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, false)
+	return utils.ImportLDBData(db, fName, int64(start), stop)
+}
+
+type preimageIterator struct {
+	iter ethdb.Iterator
+}
+
+func (iter *preimageIterator) Next() (byte, []byte, []byte, bool) {
+	for iter.iter.Next() {
+		key := iter.iter.Key()
+		if bytes.HasPrefix(key, rawdb.PreimagePrefix) && len(key) == (len(rawdb.PreimagePrefix)+common.HashLength) {
+			return utils.OpBatchAdd, key, iter.iter.Value(), true
+		}
+	}
+	return 0, nil, nil, false
+}
+
+func (iter *preimageIterator) Release() {
+	iter.iter.Release()
+}
+
+type snapshotIterator struct {
+	init    bool
+	account ethdb.Iterator
+	storage ethdb.Iterator
+}
+
+func (iter *snapshotIterator) Next() (byte, []byte, []byte, bool) {
+	if !iter.init {
+		iter.init = true
+		return utils.OpBatchDel, rawdb.SnapshotRootKey, nil, true
+	}
+	for iter.account.Next() {
+		key := iter.account.Key()
+		if bytes.HasPrefix(key, rawdb.SnapshotAccountPrefix) && len(key) == (len(rawdb.SnapshotAccountPrefix)+common.HashLength) {
+			return utils.OpBatchAdd, key, iter.account.Value(), true
+		}
+	}
+	for iter.storage.Next() {
+		key := iter.storage.Key()
+		if bytes.HasPrefix(key, rawdb.SnapshotStoragePrefix) && len(key) == (len(rawdb.SnapshotStoragePrefix)+2*common.HashLength) {
+			return utils.OpBatchAdd, key, iter.storage.Value(), true
+		}
+	}
+	return 0, nil, nil, false
+}
+
+func (iter *snapshotIterator) Release() {
+	iter.account.Release()
+	iter.storage.Release()
+}
+
+// chainExporters defines the export scheme for all exportable chain data.
+var chainExporters = map[string]func(db ethdb.Database) utils.ChainDataIterator{
+	"preimage": func(db ethdb.Database) utils.ChainDataIterator {
+		iter := db.NewIterator(rawdb.PreimagePrefix, nil)
+		return &preimageIterator{iter: iter}
+	},
+	"snapshot": func(db ethdb.Database) utils.ChainDataIterator {
+		account := db.NewIterator(rawdb.SnapshotAccountPrefix, nil)
+		storage := db.NewIterator(rawdb.SnapshotStoragePrefix, nil)
+		return &snapshotIterator{account: account, storage: storage}
+	},
+}
+
+func exportChaindata(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+	if ctx.NArg() < 2 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("required arguments: %v", ctx.Command.ArgsUsage)
+	}
+	// Parse the required chain data type, make sure it's supported.
+	kind := ctx.Args().Get(0)
+	kind = strings.ToLower(strings.Trim(kind, " "))
+	exporter, ok := chainExporters[kind]
+	if !ok {
+		var kinds []string
+		for kind := range chainExporters {
+			kinds = append(kinds, kind)
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid data type %s, supported types: %s", kind, strings.Join(kinds, ", "))
+	}
+	var (
+		stack, _  = makeConfigNode(ctx)
+		interrupt = make(chan os.Signal, 1)
+		stop      = make(chan struct{})
+	)
+	defer stack.Close()
+	signal.Notify(interrupt, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
+	defer signal.Stop(interrupt)
+	defer close(interrupt)
+	go func() {
+		if _, ok := <-interrupt; ok {
+			log.Info("Interrupted during db export, stopping at next batch")
+		}
+		close(stop)
+	}()
+	db := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, true)
+	return utils.ExportChaindata(ctx.Args().Get(1), kind, exporter(db), stop)
+}

cmd/geth/main.go

@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/metrics"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/node"
+
+	// Force-load the native, to trigger registration
+	_ "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/tracers/native"
+
 	"gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1"
 )
 
@@ -66,7 +70,7 @@ var (
 		utils.NoUSBFlag,
 		utils.USBFlag,
 		utils.SmartCardDaemonPathFlag,
-		utils.OverrideLondonFlag,
+		utils.OverrideArrowGlacierFlag,
 		utils.EthashCacheDirFlag,
 		utils.EthashCachesInMemoryFlag,
 		utils.EthashCachesOnDiskFlag,
@@ -136,6 +140,7 @@ var (
 		utils.DeveloperFlag,
 		utils.DeveloperPeriodFlag,
 		utils.RopstenFlag,
+		utils.SepoliaFlag,
 		utils.RinkebyFlag,
 		utils.GoerliFlag,
 		utils.VMEnableDebugFlag,

cmd/geth/snapshot.go

@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ var (
 					utils.DataDirFlag,
 					utils.AncientFlag,
 					utils.RopstenFlag,
+					utils.SepoliaFlag,
 					utils.RinkebyFlag,
 					utils.GoerliFlag,
 					utils.CacheTrieJournalFlag,
@@ -92,6 +93,7 @@ the trie clean cache with default directory will be deleted.
 					utils.DataDirFlag,
 					utils.AncientFlag,
 					utils.RopstenFlag,
+					utils.SepoliaFlag,
 					utils.RinkebyFlag,
 					utils.GoerliFlag,
 				},
@@ -112,6 +114,7 @@ In other words, this command does the snapshot to trie conversion.
 					utils.DataDirFlag,
 					utils.AncientFlag,
 					utils.RopstenFlag,
+					utils.SepoliaFlag,
 					utils.RinkebyFlag,
 					utils.GoerliFlag,
 				},
@@ -134,6 +137,7 @@ It's also usable without snapshot enabled.
 					utils.DataDirFlag,
 					utils.AncientFlag,
 					utils.RopstenFlag,
+					utils.SepoliaFlag,
 					utils.RinkebyFlag,
 					utils.GoerliFlag,
 				},
@@ -157,6 +161,7 @@ It's also usable without snapshot enabled.
 					utils.DataDirFlag,
 					utils.AncientFlag,
 					utils.RopstenFlag,
+					utils.SepoliaFlag,
 					utils.RinkebyFlag,
 					utils.GoerliFlag,
 					utils.ExcludeCodeFlag,

cmd/geth/usage.go

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ var AppHelpFlagGroups = []flags.FlagGroup{
 			utils.GoerliFlag,
 			utils.RinkebyFlag,
 			utils.RopstenFlag,
+			utils.SepoliaFlag,
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
 			utils.ExitWhenSyncedFlag,
 			utils.GCModeFlag,

cmd/puppeth/wizard.go

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	"bufio"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io/ioutil"
@@ -32,8 +31,10 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/console/prompt"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+	"github.com/peterh/liner"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/terminal"
 )
 
@@ -76,17 +77,27 @@ type wizard struct {
 	servers  map[string]*sshClient // SSH connections to servers to administer
 	services map[string][]string   // Ethereum services known to be running on servers
 
-	in   *bufio.Reader // Wrapper around stdin to allow reading user input
+	lock sync.Mutex // Lock to protect configs during concurrent service discovery
-	lock sync.Mutex    // Lock to protect configs during concurrent service discovery
+}
+
+// prompts the user for input with the given prompt string.  Returns when a value is entered.
+// Causes the wizard to exit if ctrl-d is pressed
+func promptInput(p string) string {
+	for {
+		text, err := prompt.Stdin.PromptInput(p)
+		if err != nil {
+			if err != liner.ErrPromptAborted {
+				log.Crit("Failed to read user input", "err", err)
+			}
+		} else {
+			return text
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 // read reads a single line from stdin, trimming if from spaces.
 func (w *wizard) read() string {
-	fmt.Printf("> ")
+	text := promptInput("> ")
-	text, err := w.in.ReadString('\n')
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Crit("Failed to read user input", "err", err)
-	}
 	return strings.TrimSpace(text)
 }
 
@@ -94,11 +105,7 @@ func (w *wizard) read() string {
 // non-emptyness.
 func (w *wizard) readString() string {
 	for {
-		fmt.Printf("> ")
+		text := promptInput("> ")
-		text, err := w.in.ReadString('\n')
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Crit("Failed to read user input", "err", err)
-		}
 		if text = strings.TrimSpace(text); text != "" {
 			return text
 		}
@@ -108,11 +115,7 @@ func (w *wizard) readString() string {
 // readDefaultString reads a single line from stdin, trimming if from spaces. If
 // an empty line is entered, the default value is returned.
 func (w *wizard) readDefaultString(def string) string {
-	fmt.Printf("> ")
+	text := promptInput("> ")
-	text, err := w.in.ReadString('\n')
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Crit("Failed to read user input", "err", err)
-	}
 	if text = strings.TrimSpace(text); text != "" {
 		return text
 	}
@@ -124,11 +127,7 @@ func (w *wizard) readDefaultString(def string) string {
 // value is returned.
 func (w *wizard) readDefaultYesNo(def bool) bool {
 	for {
-		fmt.Printf("> ")
+		text := promptInput("> ")
-		text, err := w.in.ReadString('\n')
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Crit("Failed to read user input", "err", err)
-		}
 		if text = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(text)); text == "" {
 			return def
 		}
@@ -146,11 +145,7 @@ func (w *wizard) readDefaultYesNo(def bool) bool {
 // interpret it as a URL (http, https or file).
 func (w *wizard) readURL() *url.URL {
 	for {
-		fmt.Printf("> ")
+		text := promptInput("> ")
-		text, err := w.in.ReadString('\n')
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Crit("Failed to read user input", "err", err)
-		}
 		uri, err := url.Parse(strings.TrimSpace(text))
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error("Invalid input, expected URL", "err", err)
@@ -164,11 +159,7 @@ func (w *wizard) readURL() *url.URL {
 // to parse into an integer.
 func (w *wizard) readInt() int {
 	for {
-		fmt.Printf("> ")
+		text := promptInput("> ")
-		text, err := w.in.ReadString('\n')
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Crit("Failed to read user input", "err", err)
-		}
 		if text = strings.TrimSpace(text); text == "" {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -186,11 +177,7 @@ func (w *wizard) readInt() int {
 // returned.
 func (w *wizard) readDefaultInt(def int) int {
 	for {
-		fmt.Printf("> ")
+		text := promptInput("> ")
-		text, err := w.in.ReadString('\n')
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Crit("Failed to read user input", "err", err)
-		}
 		if text = strings.TrimSpace(text); text == "" {
 			return def
 		}
@@ -208,11 +195,7 @@ func (w *wizard) readDefaultInt(def int) int {
 // default value is returned.
 func (w *wizard) readDefaultBigInt(def *big.Int) *big.Int {
 	for {
-		fmt.Printf("> ")
+		text := promptInput("> ")
-		text, err := w.in.ReadString('\n')
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Crit("Failed to read user input", "err", err)
-		}
 		if text = strings.TrimSpace(text); text == "" {
 			return def
 		}
@@ -225,38 +208,11 @@ func (w *wizard) readDefaultBigInt(def *big.Int) *big.Int {
 	}
 }
 
-/*
-// readFloat reads a single line from stdin, trimming if from spaces, enforcing it
-// to parse into a float.
-func (w *wizard) readFloat() float64 {
-	for {
-		fmt.Printf("> ")
-		text, err := w.in.ReadString('\n')
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Crit("Failed to read user input", "err", err)
-		}
-		if text = strings.TrimSpace(text); text == "" {
-			continue
-		}
-		val, err := strconv.ParseFloat(strings.TrimSpace(text), 64)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Error("Invalid input, expected float", "err", err)
-			continue
-		}
-		return val
-	}
-}
-*/
-
 // readDefaultFloat reads a single line from stdin, trimming if from spaces, enforcing
 // it to parse into a float. If an empty line is entered, the default value is returned.
 func (w *wizard) readDefaultFloat(def float64) float64 {
 	for {
-		fmt.Printf("> ")
+		text := promptInput("> ")
-		text, err := w.in.ReadString('\n')
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Crit("Failed to read user input", "err", err)
-		}
 		if text = strings.TrimSpace(text); text == "" {
 			return def
 		}
@@ -285,12 +241,7 @@ func (w *wizard) readPassword() string {
 // it to an Ethereum address.
 func (w *wizard) readAddress() *common.Address {
 	for {
-		// Read the address from the user
+		text := promptInput("> 0x")
-		fmt.Printf("> 0x")
-		text, err := w.in.ReadString('\n')
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Crit("Failed to read user input", "err", err)
-		}
 		if text = strings.TrimSpace(text); text == "" {
 			return nil
 		}
@@ -311,11 +262,7 @@ func (w *wizard) readAddress() *common.Address {
 func (w *wizard) readDefaultAddress(def common.Address) common.Address {
 	for {
 		// Read the address from the user
-		fmt.Printf("> 0x")
+		text := promptInput("> 0x")
-		text, err := w.in.ReadString('\n')
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Crit("Failed to read user input", "err", err)
-		}
 		if text = strings.TrimSpace(text); text == "" {
 			return def
 		}
@@ -334,8 +281,9 @@ func (w *wizard) readJSON() string {
 	var blob json.RawMessage
 
 	for {
-		fmt.Printf("> ")
+		text := promptInput("> ")
-		if err := json.NewDecoder(w.in).Decode(&blob); err != nil {
+		reader := strings.NewReader(text)
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(reader).Decode(&blob); err != nil {
 			log.Error("Invalid JSON, please try again", "err", err)
 			continue
 		}
@@ -351,10 +299,7 @@ func (w *wizard) readIPAddress() string {
 	for {
 		// Read the IP address from the user
 		fmt.Printf("> ")
-		text, err := w.in.ReadString('\n')
+		text := promptInput("> ")
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Crit("Failed to read user input", "err", err)
-		}
 		if text = strings.TrimSpace(text); text == "" {
 			return ""
 		}

cmd/puppeth/wizard_intro.go

@@ -17,14 +17,12 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	"bufio"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
-	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 )
@@ -38,7 +36,6 @@ func makeWizard(network string) *wizard {
 		},
 		servers:  make(map[string]*sshClient),
 		services: make(map[string][]string),
-		in:       bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -82,25 +79,17 @@ func (w *wizard) run() {
 	} else if err := json.Unmarshal(blob, &w.conf); err != nil {
 		log.Crit("Previous configuration corrupted", "path", w.conf.path, "err", err)
 	} else {
-		// Dial all previously known servers concurrently
+		// Dial all previously known servers
-		var pend sync.WaitGroup
 		for server, pubkey := range w.conf.Servers {
-			pend.Add(1)
+			log.Info("Dialing previously configured server", "server", server)
-
+			client, err := dial(server, pubkey)
-			go func(server string, pubkey []byte) {
+			if err != nil {
-				defer pend.Done()
+				log.Error("Previous server unreachable", "server", server, "err", err)
-
+			}
-				log.Info("Dialing previously configured server", "server", server)
+			w.lock.Lock()
-				client, err := dial(server, pubkey)
+			w.servers[server] = client
-				if err != nil {
+			w.lock.Unlock()
-					log.Error("Previous server unreachable", "server", server, "err", err)
-				}
-				w.lock.Lock()
-				w.servers[server] = client
-				w.lock.Unlock()
-			}(server, pubkey)
 		}
-		pend.Wait()
 		w.networkStats()
 	}
 	// Basics done, loop ad infinitum about what to do

cmd/rlpdump/main.go

@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"bufio"
 	"bytes"
+	"container/list"
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
@@ -26,18 +28,20 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 )
 
 var (
-	hexMode = flag.String("hex", "", "dump given hex data")
+	hexMode     = flag.String("hex", "", "dump given hex data")
-	noASCII = flag.Bool("noascii", false, "don't print ASCII strings readably")
+	reverseMode = flag.Bool("reverse", false, "convert ASCII to rlp")
-	single  = flag.Bool("single", false, "print only the first element, discard the rest")
+	noASCII     = flag.Bool("noascii", false, "don't print ASCII strings readably")
+	single      = flag.Bool("single", false, "print only the first element, discard the rest")
 )
 
 func init() {
 	flag.Usage = func() {
-		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Usage:", os.Args[0], "[-noascii] [-hex <data>] [filename]")
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Usage:", os.Args[0], "[-noascii] [-hex <data>][-reverse] [filename]")
 		flag.PrintDefaults()
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, `
 Dumps RLP data from the given file in readable form.
@@ -73,23 +77,40 @@ func main() {
 		flag.Usage()
 		os.Exit(2)
 	}
-
+	out := os.Stdout
-	s := rlp.NewStream(r, 0)
+	if *reverseMode {
-	for {
+		data, err := textToRlp(r)
-		if err := dump(s, 0); err != nil {
+		if err != nil {
-			if err != io.EOF {
+			die(err)
-				die(err)
-			}
-			break
 		}
-		fmt.Println()
+		fmt.Printf("0x%x\n", data)
-		if *single {
+		return
-			break
+	} else {
+		err := rlpToText(r, out)
+		if err != nil {
+			die(err)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-func dump(s *rlp.Stream, depth int) error {
+func rlpToText(r io.Reader, out io.Writer) error {
+	s := rlp.NewStream(r, 0)
+	for {
+		if err := dump(s, 0, out); err != nil {
+			if err != io.EOF {
+				return err
+			}
+			break
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintln(out)
+		if *single {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func dump(s *rlp.Stream, depth int, out io.Writer) error {
 	kind, size, err := s.Kind()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -101,28 +122,28 @@ func dump(s *rlp.Stream, depth int) error {
 			return err
 		}
 		if len(str) == 0 || !*noASCII && isASCII(str) {
-			fmt.Printf("%s%q", ws(depth), str)
+			fmt.Fprintf(out, "%s%q", ws(depth), str)
 		} else {
-			fmt.Printf("%s%x", ws(depth), str)
+			fmt.Fprintf(out, "%s%x", ws(depth), str)
 		}
 	case rlp.List:
 		s.List()
 		defer s.ListEnd()
 		if size == 0 {
-			fmt.Print(ws(depth) + "[]")
+			fmt.Fprintf(out, ws(depth)+"[]")
 		} else {
-			fmt.Println(ws(depth) + "[")
+			fmt.Fprintln(out, ws(depth)+"[")
 			for i := 0; ; i++ {
 				if i > 0 {
-					fmt.Print(",\n")
+					fmt.Fprint(out, ",\n")
 				}
-				if err := dump(s, depth+1); err == rlp.EOL {
+				if err := dump(s, depth+1, out); err == rlp.EOL {
 					break
 				} else if err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
 			}
-			fmt.Print(ws(depth) + "]")
+			fmt.Fprint(out, ws(depth)+"]")
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -145,3 +166,45 @@ func die(args ...interface{}) {
 	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, args...)
 	os.Exit(1)
 }
+
+// textToRlp converts text into RLP (best effort).
+func textToRlp(r io.Reader) ([]byte, error) {
+	// We're expecting the input to be well-formed, meaning that
+	// - each element is on a separate line
+	// - each line is either an (element OR a list start/end) + comma
+	// - an element is either hex-encoded bytes OR a quoted string
+	var (
+		scanner = bufio.NewScanner(r)
+		obj     []interface{}
+		stack   = list.New()
+	)
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		t := strings.TrimSpace(scanner.Text())
+		if len(t) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		switch t {
+		case "[": // list start
+			stack.PushFront(obj)
+			obj = make([]interface{}, 0)
+		case "]", "],": // list end
+			parent := stack.Remove(stack.Front()).([]interface{})
+			obj = append(parent, obj)
+		case "[],": // empty list
+			obj = append(obj, make([]interface{}, 0))
+		default: // element
+			data := []byte(t)[:len(t)-1] // cut off comma
+			if data[0] == '"' {          // ascii string
+				data = []byte(t)[1 : len(data)-1]
+			} else { // hex data
+				data = common.FromHex(string(data))
+			}
+			obj = append(obj, data)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	data, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(obj[0])
+	return data, err
+}

cmd/rlpdump/rlpdump_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
+)
+
+func TestRoundtrip(t *testing.T) {
+	for i, want := range []string{
+		"0xf880806482520894d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0d0a1010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001801ba0c16787a8e25e941d67691954642876c08f00996163ae7dfadbbfd6cd436f549da06180e5626cae31590f40641fe8f63734316c4bfeb4cdfab6714198c1044d2e28",
+		"0xd5c0d3cb84746573742a2a808213378667617a6f6e6b",
+		"0xc780c0c1c0825208",
+	} {
+		var out strings.Builder
+		err := rlpToText(bytes.NewReader(common.FromHex(want)), &out)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		text := out.String()
+		rlpBytes, err := textToRlp(strings.NewReader(text))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("test %d: error %v", i, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		have := fmt.Sprintf("0x%x", rlpBytes)
+		if have != want {
+			t.Errorf("test %d: have\n%v\nwant:\n%v\n", i, have, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTextToRlp(t *testing.T) {
+	type tc struct {
+		text string
+		want string
+	}
+	cases := []tc{
+		{
+			text: `[
+  "",
+  [],
+[     
+ [],
+    ],
+  5208,
+]`,
+			want: "0xc780c0c1c0825208",
+		},
+	}
+	for i, tc := range cases {
+		have, err := textToRlp(strings.NewReader(tc.text))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("test %d: error %v", i, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		if hexutil.Encode(have) != tc.want {
+			t.Errorf("test %d:\nhave %v\nwant %v", i, hexutil.Encode(have), tc.want)
+		}
+	}
+}

cmd/utils/cmd.go

@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@
 package utils
 
 import (
+	"bufio"
 	"compress/gzip"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
@@ -270,6 +272,7 @@ func ExportAppendChain(blockchain *core.BlockChain, fn string, first uint64, las
 }
 
 // ImportPreimages imports a batch of exported hash preimages into the database.
+// It's a part of the deprecated functionality, should be removed in the future.
 func ImportPreimages(db ethdb.Database, fn string) error {
 	log.Info("Importing preimages", "file", fn)
 
@@ -280,7 +283,7 @@ func ImportPreimages(db ethdb.Database, fn string) error {
 	}
 	defer fh.Close()
 
-	var reader io.Reader = fh
+	var reader io.Reader = bufio.NewReader(fh)
 	if strings.HasSuffix(fn, ".gz") {
 		if reader, err = gzip.NewReader(reader); err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -288,7 +291,7 @@ func ImportPreimages(db ethdb.Database, fn string) error {
 	}
 	stream := rlp.NewStream(reader, 0)
 
-	// Import the preimages in batches to prevent disk trashing
+	// Import the preimages in batches to prevent disk thrashing
 	preimages := make(map[common.Hash][]byte)
 
 	for {
@@ -317,6 +320,7 @@ func ImportPreimages(db ethdb.Database, fn string) error {
 
 // ExportPreimages exports all known hash preimages into the specified file,
 // truncating any data already present in the file.
+// It's a part of the deprecated functionality, should be removed in the future.
 func ExportPreimages(db ethdb.Database, fn string) error {
 	log.Info("Exporting preimages", "file", fn)
 
@@ -344,3 +348,207 @@ func ExportPreimages(db ethdb.Database, fn string) error {
 	log.Info("Exported preimages", "file", fn)
 	return nil
 }
+
+// exportHeader is used in the export/import flow. When we do an export,
+// the first element we output is the exportHeader.
+// Whenever a backwards-incompatible change is made, the Version header
+// should be bumped.
+// If the importer sees a higher version, it should reject the import.
+type exportHeader struct {
+	Magic    string // Always set to 'gethdbdump' for disambiguation
+	Version  uint64
+	Kind     string
+	UnixTime uint64
+}
+
+const exportMagic = "gethdbdump"
+const (
+	OpBatchAdd = 0
+	OpBatchDel = 1
+)
+
+// ImportLDBData imports a batch of snapshot data into the database
+func ImportLDBData(db ethdb.Database, f string, startIndex int64, interrupt chan struct{}) error {
+	log.Info("Importing leveldb data", "file", f)
+
+	// Open the file handle and potentially unwrap the gzip stream
+	fh, err := os.Open(f)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer fh.Close()
+
+	var reader io.Reader = bufio.NewReader(fh)
+	if strings.HasSuffix(f, ".gz") {
+		if reader, err = gzip.NewReader(reader); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	stream := rlp.NewStream(reader, 0)
+
+	// Read the header
+	var header exportHeader
+	if err := stream.Decode(&header); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("could not decode header: %v", err)
+	}
+	if header.Magic != exportMagic {
+		return errors.New("incompatible data, wrong magic")
+	}
+	if header.Version != 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("incompatible version %d, (support only 0)", header.Version)
+	}
+	log.Info("Importing data", "file", f, "type", header.Kind, "data age",
+		common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(time.Unix(int64(header.UnixTime), 0))))
+
+	// Import the snapshot in batches to prevent disk thrashing
+	var (
+		count  int64
+		start  = time.Now()
+		logged = time.Now()
+		batch  = db.NewBatch()
+	)
+	for {
+		// Read the next entry
+		var (
+			op       byte
+			key, val []byte
+		)
+		if err := stream.Decode(&op); err != nil {
+			if err == io.EOF {
+				break
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := stream.Decode(&key); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := stream.Decode(&val); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if count < startIndex {
+			count++
+			continue
+		}
+		switch op {
+		case OpBatchDel:
+			batch.Delete(key)
+		case OpBatchAdd:
+			batch.Put(key, val)
+		default:
+			return fmt.Errorf("unknown op %d\n", op)
+		}
+		if batch.ValueSize() > ethdb.IdealBatchSize {
+			if err := batch.Write(); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			batch.Reset()
+		}
+		// Check interruption emitted by ctrl+c
+		if count%1000 == 0 {
+			select {
+			case <-interrupt:
+				if err := batch.Write(); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				log.Info("External data import interrupted", "file", f, "count", count, "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
+				return nil
+			default:
+			}
+		}
+		if count%1000 == 0 && time.Since(logged) > 8*time.Second {
+			log.Info("Importing external data", "file", f, "count", count, "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
+			logged = time.Now()
+		}
+		count += 1
+	}
+	// Flush the last batch snapshot data
+	if batch.ValueSize() > 0 {
+		if err := batch.Write(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	log.Info("Imported chain data", "file", f, "count", count,
+		"elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ChainDataIterator is an interface wraps all necessary functions to iterate
+// the exporting chain data.
+type ChainDataIterator interface {
+	// Next returns the key-value pair for next exporting entry in the iterator.
+	// When the end is reached, it will return (0, nil, nil, false).
+	Next() (byte, []byte, []byte, bool)
+
+	// Release releases associated resources. Release should always succeed and can
+	// be called multiple times without causing error.
+	Release()
+}
+
+// ExportChaindata exports the given data type (truncating any data already present)
+// in the file. If the suffix is 'gz', gzip compression is used.
+func ExportChaindata(fn string, kind string, iter ChainDataIterator, interrupt chan struct{}) error {
+	log.Info("Exporting chain data", "file", fn, "kind", kind)
+	defer iter.Release()
+
+	// Open the file handle and potentially wrap with a gzip stream
+	fh, err := os.OpenFile(fn, os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY|os.O_TRUNC, os.ModePerm)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer fh.Close()
+
+	var writer io.Writer = fh
+	if strings.HasSuffix(fn, ".gz") {
+		writer = gzip.NewWriter(writer)
+		defer writer.(*gzip.Writer).Close()
+	}
+	// Write the header
+	if err := rlp.Encode(writer, &exportHeader{
+		Magic:    exportMagic,
+		Version:  0,
+		Kind:     kind,
+		UnixTime: uint64(time.Now().Unix()),
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// Extract data from source iterator and dump them out to file
+	var (
+		count  int64
+		start  = time.Now()
+		logged = time.Now()
+	)
+	for {
+		op, key, val, ok := iter.Next()
+		if !ok {
+			break
+		}
+		if err := rlp.Encode(writer, op); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := rlp.Encode(writer, key); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := rlp.Encode(writer, val); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if count%1000 == 0 {
+			// Check interruption emitted by ctrl+c
+			select {
+			case <-interrupt:
+				log.Info("Chain data exporting interrupted", "file", fn,
+					"kind", kind, "count", count, "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
+				return nil
+			default:
+			}
+			if time.Since(logged) > 8*time.Second {
+				log.Info("Exporting chain data", "file", fn, "kind", kind,
+					"count", count, "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
+				logged = time.Now()
+			}
+		}
+		count++
+	}
+	log.Info("Exported chain data", "file", fn, "kind", kind, "count", count,
+		"elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
+	return nil
+}

cmd/utils/export_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package utils
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
+)
+
+// TestExport does basic sanity checks on the export/import functionality
+func TestExport(t *testing.T) {
+	f := fmt.Sprintf("%v/tempdump", os.TempDir())
+	defer func() {
+		os.Remove(f)
+	}()
+	testExport(t, f)
+}
+
+func TestExportGzip(t *testing.T) {
+	f := fmt.Sprintf("%v/tempdump.gz", os.TempDir())
+	defer func() {
+		os.Remove(f)
+	}()
+	testExport(t, f)
+}
+
+type testIterator struct {
+	index int
+}
+
+func newTestIterator() *testIterator {
+	return &testIterator{index: -1}
+}
+
+func (iter *testIterator) Next() (byte, []byte, []byte, bool) {
+	if iter.index >= 999 {
+		return 0, nil, nil, false
+	}
+	iter.index += 1
+	if iter.index == 42 {
+		iter.index += 1
+	}
+	return OpBatchAdd, []byte(fmt.Sprintf("key-%04d", iter.index)),
+		[]byte(fmt.Sprintf("value %d", iter.index)), true
+}
+
+func (iter *testIterator) Release() {}
+
+func testExport(t *testing.T, f string) {
+	err := ExportChaindata(f, "testdata", newTestIterator(), make(chan struct{}))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	db := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
+	err = ImportLDBData(db, f, 5, make(chan struct{}))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// verify
+	for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
+		v, err := db.Get([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("key-%04d", i)))
+		if (i < 5 || i == 42) && err == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expected no element at idx %d, got '%v'", i, string(v))
+		}
+		if !(i < 5 || i == 42) {
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("expected element idx %d: %v", i, err)
+			}
+			if have, want := string(v), fmt.Sprintf("value %d", i); have != want {
+				t.Fatalf("have %v, want %v", have, want)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	v, err := db.Get([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("key-%04d", 1000)))
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no element at idx %d, got '%v'", 1000, string(v))
+	}
+}
+
+// testDeletion tests if the deletion markers can be exported/imported correctly
+func TestDeletionExport(t *testing.T) {
+	f := fmt.Sprintf("%v/tempdump", os.TempDir())
+	defer func() {
+		os.Remove(f)
+	}()
+	testDeletion(t, f)
+}
+
+// TestDeletionExportGzip tests if the deletion markers can be exported/imported
+// correctly with gz compression.
+func TestDeletionExportGzip(t *testing.T) {
+	f := fmt.Sprintf("%v/tempdump.gz", os.TempDir())
+	defer func() {
+		os.Remove(f)
+	}()
+	testDeletion(t, f)
+}
+
+type deletionIterator struct {
+	index int
+}
+
+func newDeletionIterator() *deletionIterator {
+	return &deletionIterator{index: -1}
+}
+
+func (iter *deletionIterator) Next() (byte, []byte, []byte, bool) {
+	if iter.index >= 999 {
+		return 0, nil, nil, false
+	}
+	iter.index += 1
+	if iter.index == 42 {
+		iter.index += 1
+	}
+	return OpBatchDel, []byte(fmt.Sprintf("key-%04d", iter.index)), nil, true
+}
+
+func (iter *deletionIterator) Release() {}
+
+func testDeletion(t *testing.T, f string) {
+	err := ExportChaindata(f, "testdata", newDeletionIterator(), make(chan struct{}))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	db := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
+	for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
+		db.Put([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("key-%04d", i)), []byte(fmt.Sprintf("value %d", i)))
+	}
+	err = ImportLDBData(db, f, 5, make(chan struct{}))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
+		v, err := db.Get([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("key-%04d", i)))
+		if i < 5 || i == 42 {
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("expected element at idx %d, got '%v'", i, err)
+			}
+			if have, want := string(v), fmt.Sprintf("value %d", i); have != want {
+				t.Fatalf("have %v, want %v", have, want)
+			}
+		}
+		if !(i < 5 || i == 42) {
+			if err == nil {
+				t.Fatalf("expected no element idx %d: %v", i, string(v))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestImportFutureFormat tests that we reject unsupported future versions.
+func TestImportFutureFormat(t *testing.T) {
+	f := fmt.Sprintf("%v/tempdump-future", os.TempDir())
+	defer func() {
+		os.Remove(f)
+	}()
+	fh, err := os.OpenFile(f, os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY|os.O_TRUNC, os.ModePerm)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer fh.Close()
+	if err := rlp.Encode(fh, &exportHeader{
+		Magic:    exportMagic,
+		Version:  500,
+		Kind:     "testdata",
+		UnixTime: uint64(time.Now().Unix()),
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	db2 := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
+	err = ImportLDBData(db2, f, 0, make(chan struct{}))
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("Expected error, got none")
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(err.Error(), "incompatible version") {
+		t.Fatalf("wrong error: %v", err)
+	}
+}

cmd/utils/flags.go

@@ -155,6 +155,10 @@ var (
 		Name:  "ropsten",
 		Usage: "Ropsten network: pre-configured proof-of-work test network",
 	}
+	SepoliaFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
+		Name:  "sepolia",
+		Usage: "Sepolia network: pre-configured proof-of-work test network",
+	}
 	DeveloperFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
 		Name:  "dev",
 		Usage: "Ephemeral proof-of-authority network with a pre-funded developer account, mining enabled",
@@ -235,9 +239,9 @@ var (
 		Usage: "Megabytes of memory allocated to bloom-filter for pruning",
 		Value: 2048,
 	}
-	OverrideLondonFlag = cli.Uint64Flag{
+	OverrideArrowGlacierFlag = cli.Uint64Flag{
-		Name:  "override.london",
+		Name:  "override.arrowglacier",
-		Usage: "Manually specify London fork-block, overriding the bundled setting",
+		Usage: "Manually specify Arrow Glacier fork-block, overriding the bundled setting",
 	}
 	// Light server and client settings
 	LightServeFlag = cli.IntFlag{
@@ -686,7 +690,7 @@ var (
 	}
 	GpoMaxGasPriceFlag = cli.Int64Flag{
 		Name:  "gpo.maxprice",
-		Usage: "Maximum gas price will be recommended by gpo",
+		Usage: "Maximum transaction priority fee (or gasprice before London fork) to be recommended by gpo",
 		Value: ethconfig.Defaults.GPO.MaxPrice.Int64(),
 	}
 	GpoIgnoreGasPriceFlag = cli.Int64Flag{
@@ -798,6 +802,9 @@ func MakeDataDir(ctx *cli.Context) string {
 		if ctx.GlobalBool(GoerliFlag.Name) {
 			return filepath.Join(path, "goerli")
 		}
+		if ctx.GlobalBool(SepoliaFlag.Name) {
+			return filepath.Join(path, "sepolia")
+		}
 		return path
 	}
 	Fatalf("Cannot determine default data directory, please set manually (--datadir)")
@@ -846,6 +853,8 @@ func setBootstrapNodes(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *p2p.Config) {
 		urls = SplitAndTrim(ctx.GlobalString(BootnodesFlag.Name))
 	case ctx.GlobalBool(RopstenFlag.Name):
 		urls = params.RopstenBootnodes
+	case ctx.GlobalBool(SepoliaFlag.Name):
+		urls = params.SepoliaBootnodes
 	case ctx.GlobalBool(RinkebyFlag.Name):
 		urls = params.RinkebyBootnodes
 	case ctx.GlobalBool(GoerliFlag.Name):
@@ -1269,6 +1278,8 @@ func setDataDir(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *node.Config) {
 		cfg.DataDir = filepath.Join(node.DefaultDataDir(), "rinkeby")
 	case ctx.GlobalBool(GoerliFlag.Name) && cfg.DataDir == node.DefaultDataDir():
 		cfg.DataDir = filepath.Join(node.DefaultDataDir(), "goerli")
+	case ctx.GlobalBool(SepoliaFlag.Name) && cfg.DataDir == node.DefaultDataDir():
+		cfg.DataDir = filepath.Join(node.DefaultDataDir(), "sepolia")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1454,7 +1465,7 @@ func CheckExclusive(ctx *cli.Context, args ...interface{}) {
 // SetEthConfig applies eth-related command line flags to the config.
 func SetEthConfig(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, cfg *ethconfig.Config) {
 	// Avoid conflicting network flags
-	CheckExclusive(ctx, MainnetFlag, DeveloperFlag, RopstenFlag, RinkebyFlag, GoerliFlag)
+	CheckExclusive(ctx, MainnetFlag, DeveloperFlag, RopstenFlag, RinkebyFlag, GoerliFlag, SepoliaFlag)
 	CheckExclusive(ctx, LightServeFlag, SyncModeFlag, "light")
 	CheckExclusive(ctx, DeveloperFlag, ExternalSignerFlag) // Can't use both ephemeral unlocked and external signer
 	if ctx.GlobalString(GCModeFlag.Name) == "archive" && ctx.GlobalUint64(TxLookupLimitFlag.Name) != 0 {
@@ -1598,6 +1609,12 @@ func SetEthConfig(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, cfg *ethconfig.Config) {
 		}
 		cfg.Genesis = core.DefaultRopstenGenesisBlock()
 		SetDNSDiscoveryDefaults(cfg, params.RopstenGenesisHash)
+	case ctx.GlobalBool(SepoliaFlag.Name):
+		if !ctx.GlobalIsSet(NetworkIdFlag.Name) {
+			cfg.NetworkId = 11155111
+		}
+		cfg.Genesis = core.DefaultSepoliaGenesisBlock()
+		SetDNSDiscoveryDefaults(cfg, params.SepoliaGenesisHash)
 	case ctx.GlobalBool(RinkebyFlag.Name):
 		if !ctx.GlobalIsSet(NetworkIdFlag.Name) {
 			cfg.NetworkId = 4
@@ -1826,6 +1843,8 @@ func MakeGenesis(ctx *cli.Context) *core.Genesis {
 		genesis = core.DefaultGenesisBlock()
 	case ctx.GlobalBool(RopstenFlag.Name):
 		genesis = core.DefaultRopstenGenesisBlock()
+	case ctx.GlobalBool(SepoliaFlag.Name):
+		genesis = core.DefaultSepoliaGenesisBlock()
 	case ctx.GlobalBool(RinkebyFlag.Name):
 		genesis = core.DefaultRinkebyGenesisBlock()
 	case ctx.GlobalBool(GoerliFlag.Name):

common/hexutil/hexutil.go

@@ -176,13 +176,14 @@ func MustDecodeBig(input string) *big.Int {
 }
 
 // EncodeBig encodes bigint as a hex string with 0x prefix.
-// The sign of the integer is ignored.
 func EncodeBig(bigint *big.Int) string {
-	nbits := bigint.BitLen()
+	if sign := bigint.Sign(); sign == 0 {
-	if nbits == 0 {
 		return "0x0"
+	} else if sign > 0 {
+		return "0x" + bigint.Text(16)
+	} else {
+		return "-0x" + bigint.Text(16)[1:]
 	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%#x", bigint)
 }
 
 func has0xPrefix(input string) bool {

common/hexutil/hexutil_test.go

@@ -201,3 +201,15 @@ func TestDecodeUint64(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func BenchmarkEncodeBig(b *testing.B) {
+	for _, bench := range encodeBigTests {
+		b.Run(bench.want, func(b *testing.B) {
+			b.ReportAllocs()
+			bigint := bench.input.(*big.Int)
+			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+				EncodeBig(bigint)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

consensus/clique/api.go

@@ -214,6 +214,9 @@ func (api *API) GetSigner(rlpOrBlockNr *blockNumberOrHashOrRLP) (common.Address,
 		} else if number, ok := blockNrOrHash.Number(); ok {
 			header = api.chain.GetHeaderByNumber(uint64(number.Int64()))
 		}
+		if header == nil {
+			return common.Address{}, fmt.Errorf("missing block %v", blockNrOrHash.String())
+		}
 		return api.clique.Author(header)
 	}
 	block := new(types.Block)

consensus/clique/clique.go

@@ -600,8 +600,7 @@ func (c *Clique) Seal(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, block *types.Block, res
 	}
 	// For 0-period chains, refuse to seal empty blocks (no reward but would spin sealing)
 	if c.config.Period == 0 && len(block.Transactions()) == 0 {
-		log.Info("Sealing paused, waiting for transactions")
+		return errors.New("sealing paused while waiting for transactions")
-		return nil
 	}
 	// Don't hold the signer fields for the entire sealing procedure
 	c.lock.RLock()
@@ -621,8 +620,7 @@ func (c *Clique) Seal(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, block *types.Block, res
 		if recent == signer {
 			// Signer is among recents, only wait if the current block doesn't shift it out
 			if limit := uint64(len(snap.Signers)/2 + 1); number < limit || seen > number-limit {
-				log.Info("Signed recently, must wait for others")
+				return errors.New("signed recently, must wait for others")
-				return nil
 			}
 		}
 	}

consensus/ethash/consensus.go

@@ -45,6 +45,11 @@ var (
 	maxUncles                     = 2                 // Maximum number of uncles allowed in a single block
 	allowedFutureBlockTimeSeconds = int64(15)         // Max seconds from current time allowed for blocks, before they're considered future blocks
 
+	// calcDifficultyEip4345 is the difficulty adjustment algorithm as specified by EIP 4345.
+	// It offsets the bomb a total of 10.7M blocks.
+	// Specification EIP-4345: https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4345
+	calcDifficultyEip4345 = makeDifficultyCalculator(big.NewInt(10_700_000))
+
 	// calcDifficultyEip3554 is the difficulty adjustment algorithm as specified by EIP 3554.
 	// It offsets the bomb a total of 9.7M blocks.
 	// Specification EIP-3554: https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3554
@@ -330,6 +335,8 @@ func (ethash *Ethash) CalcDifficulty(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, time uin
 func CalcDifficulty(config *params.ChainConfig, time uint64, parent *types.Header) *big.Int {
 	next := new(big.Int).Add(parent.Number, big1)
 	switch {
+	case config.IsArrowGlacier(next):
+		return calcDifficultyEip4345(time, parent)
 	case config.IsLondon(next):
 		return calcDifficultyEip3554(time, parent)
 	case config.IsMuirGlacier(next):

consensus/ethash/ethash.go

@@ -136,13 +136,16 @@ func memoryMapAndGenerate(path string, size uint64, lock bool, generator func(bu
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, nil, err
 	}
-	if err = dump.Truncate(int64(len(dumpMagic))*4 + int64(size)); err != nil {
+	if err = ensureSize(dump, int64(len(dumpMagic))*4+int64(size)); err != nil {
+		dump.Close()
+		os.Remove(temp)
 		return nil, nil, nil, err
 	}
 	// Memory map the file for writing and fill it with the generator
 	mem, buffer, err := memoryMapFile(dump, true)
 	if err != nil {
 		dump.Close()
+		os.Remove(temp)
 		return nil, nil, nil, err
 	}
 	copy(buffer, dumpMagic)
@@ -358,7 +361,7 @@ func (d *dataset) generate(dir string, limit int, lock bool, test bool) {
 		if err != nil {
 			logger.Error("Failed to generate mapped ethash dataset", "err", err)
 
-			d.dataset = make([]uint32, dsize/2)
+			d.dataset = make([]uint32, dsize/4)
 			generateDataset(d.dataset, d.epoch, cache)
 		}
 		// Iterate over all previous instances and delete old ones

consensus/ethash/mmap_help_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+//go:build linux
+// +build linux
+
+package ethash
+
+import (
+	"os"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+// ensureSize expands the file to the given size. This is to prevent runtime
+// errors later on, if the underlying file expands beyond the disk capacity,
+// even though it ostensibly is already expanded, but due to being sparse
+// does not actually occupy the full declared size on disk.
+func ensureSize(f *os.File, size int64) error {
+	// Docs: https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/fallocate.2.html
+	return unix.Fallocate(int(f.Fd()), 0, 0, size)
+}

consensus/ethash/mmap_help_other.go

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+//go:build !linux
+// +build !linux
+
+package ethash
+
+import (
+	"os"
+)
+
+// ensureSize expands the file to the given size. This is to prevent runtime
+// errors later on, if the underlying file expands beyond the disk capacity,
+// even though it ostensibly is already expanded, but due to being sparse
+// does not actually occupy the full declared size on disk.
+func ensureSize(f *os.File, size int64) error {
+	// On systems which do not support fallocate, we merely truncate it.
+	// More robust alternatives  would be to
+	// - Use posix_fallocate, or
+	// - explicitly fill the file with zeroes.
+	return f.Truncate(size)
+}

core/bench_test.go

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ var (
 	// This is the content of the genesis block used by the benchmarks.
 	benchRootKey, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("b71c71a67e1177ad4e901695e1b4b9ee17ae16c6668d313eac2f96dbcda3f291")
 	benchRootAddr   = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(benchRootKey.PublicKey)
-	benchRootFunds  = math.BigPow(2, 100)
+	benchRootFunds  = math.BigPow(2, 200)
 )
 
 // genValueTx returns a block generator that includes a single
@@ -86,7 +86,19 @@ func genValueTx(nbytes int) func(int, *BlockGen) {
 		toaddr := common.Address{}
 		data := make([]byte, nbytes)
 		gas, _ := IntrinsicGas(data, nil, false, false, false)
-		tx, _ := types.SignTx(types.NewTransaction(gen.TxNonce(benchRootAddr), toaddr, big.NewInt(1), gas, nil, data), types.HomesteadSigner{}, benchRootKey)
+		signer := types.MakeSigner(gen.config, big.NewInt(int64(i)))
+		gasPrice := big.NewInt(0)
+		if gen.header.BaseFee != nil {
+			gasPrice = gen.header.BaseFee
+		}
+		tx, _ := types.SignNewTx(benchRootKey, signer, &types.LegacyTx{
+			Nonce:    gen.TxNonce(benchRootAddr),
+			To:       &toaddr,
+			Value:    big.NewInt(1),
+			Gas:      gas,
+			Data:     data,
+			GasPrice: gasPrice,
+		})
 		gen.AddTx(tx)
 	}
 }
@@ -110,24 +122,38 @@ func init() {
 // and fills the blocks with many small transactions.
 func genTxRing(naccounts int) func(int, *BlockGen) {
 	from := 0
+	availableFunds := new(big.Int).Set(benchRootFunds)
 	return func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {
 		block := gen.PrevBlock(i - 1)
 		gas := block.GasLimit()
+		gasPrice := big.NewInt(0)
+		if gen.header.BaseFee != nil {
+			gasPrice = gen.header.BaseFee
+		}
+		signer := types.MakeSigner(gen.config, big.NewInt(int64(i)))
 		for {
 			gas -= params.TxGas
 			if gas < params.TxGas {
 				break
 			}
 			to := (from + 1) % naccounts
-			tx := types.NewTransaction(
+			burn := new(big.Int).SetUint64(params.TxGas)
-				gen.TxNonce(ringAddrs[from]),
+			burn.Mul(burn, gen.header.BaseFee)
-				ringAddrs[to],
+			availableFunds.Sub(availableFunds, burn)
-				benchRootFunds,
+			if availableFunds.Cmp(big.NewInt(1)) < 0 {
-				params.TxGas,
+				panic("not enough funds")
-				nil,
+			}
-				nil,
+			tx, err := types.SignNewTx(ringKeys[from], signer,
-			)
+				&types.LegacyTx{
-			tx, _ = types.SignTx(tx, types.HomesteadSigner{}, ringKeys[from])
+					Nonce:    gen.TxNonce(ringAddrs[from]),
+					To:       &ringAddrs[to],
+					Value:    availableFunds,
+					Gas:      params.TxGas,
+					GasPrice: gasPrice,
+				})
+			if err != nil {
+				panic(err)
+			}
 			gen.AddTx(tx)
 			from = to
 		}
@@ -245,6 +271,7 @@ func makeChainForBench(db ethdb.Database, full bool, count uint64) {
 			block := types.NewBlockWithHeader(header)
 			rawdb.WriteBody(db, hash, n, block.Body())
 			rawdb.WriteReceipts(db, hash, n, nil)
+			rawdb.WriteHeadBlockHash(db, hash)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -278,6 +305,8 @@ func benchReadChain(b *testing.B, full bool, count uint64) {
 	}
 	makeChainForBench(db, full, count)
 	db.Close()
+	cacheConfig := *defaultCacheConfig
+	cacheConfig.TrieDirtyDisabled = true
 
 	b.ReportAllocs()
 	b.ResetTimer()
@@ -287,7 +316,7 @@ func benchReadChain(b *testing.B, full bool, count uint64) {
 		if err != nil {
 			b.Fatalf("error opening database at %v: %v", dir, err)
 		}
-		chain, err := NewBlockChain(db, nil, params.TestChainConfig, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
+		chain, err := NewBlockChain(db, &cacheConfig, params.TestChainConfig, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
 		if err != nil {
 			b.Fatalf("error creating chain: %v", err)
 		}

core/blockchain.go

@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/metrics"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
 	lru "github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru"
 )
@@ -409,11 +408,6 @@ func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, chainConfig *par
 	return bc, nil
 }
 
-// GetVMConfig returns the block chain VM config.
-func (bc *BlockChain) GetVMConfig() *vm.Config {
-	return &bc.vmConfig
-}
-
 // empty returns an indicator whether the blockchain is empty.
 // Note, it's a special case that we connect a non-empty ancient
 // database with an empty node, so that we can plugin the ancient
@@ -666,53 +660,6 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) FastSyncCommitHead(hash common.Hash) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// GasLimit returns the gas limit of the current HEAD block.
-func (bc *BlockChain) GasLimit() uint64 {
-	return bc.CurrentBlock().GasLimit()
-}
-
-// CurrentBlock retrieves the current head block of the canonical chain. The
-// block is retrieved from the blockchain's internal cache.
-func (bc *BlockChain) CurrentBlock() *types.Block {
-	return bc.currentBlock.Load().(*types.Block)
-}
-
-// Snapshots returns the blockchain snapshot tree.
-func (bc *BlockChain) Snapshots() *snapshot.Tree {
-	return bc.snaps
-}
-
-// CurrentFastBlock retrieves the current fast-sync head block of the canonical
-// chain. The block is retrieved from the blockchain's internal cache.
-func (bc *BlockChain) CurrentFastBlock() *types.Block {
-	return bc.currentFastBlock.Load().(*types.Block)
-}
-
-// Validator returns the current validator.
-func (bc *BlockChain) Validator() Validator {
-	return bc.validator
-}
-
-// Processor returns the current processor.
-func (bc *BlockChain) Processor() Processor {
-	return bc.processor
-}
-
-// State returns a new mutable state based on the current HEAD block.
-func (bc *BlockChain) State() (*state.StateDB, error) {
-	return bc.StateAt(bc.CurrentBlock().Root())
-}
-
-// StateAt returns a new mutable state based on a particular point in time.
-func (bc *BlockChain) StateAt(root common.Hash) (*state.StateDB, error) {
-	return state.New(root, bc.stateCache, bc.snaps)
-}
-
-// StateCache returns the caching database underpinning the blockchain instance.
-func (bc *BlockChain) StateCache() state.Database {
-	return bc.stateCache
-}
-
 // Reset purges the entire blockchain, restoring it to its genesis state.
 func (bc *BlockChain) Reset() error {
 	return bc.ResetWithGenesisBlock(bc.genesisBlock)
@@ -819,194 +766,6 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) writeHeadBlock(block *types.Block) {
 	headBlockGauge.Update(int64(block.NumberU64()))
 }
 
-// Genesis retrieves the chain's genesis block.
-func (bc *BlockChain) Genesis() *types.Block {
-	return bc.genesisBlock
-}
-
-// GetBody retrieves a block body (transactions and uncles) from the database by
-// hash, caching it if found.
-func (bc *BlockChain) GetBody(hash common.Hash) *types.Body {
-	// Short circuit if the body's already in the cache, retrieve otherwise
-	if cached, ok := bc.bodyCache.Get(hash); ok {
-		body := cached.(*types.Body)
-		return body
-	}
-	number := bc.hc.GetBlockNumber(hash)
-	if number == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	body := rawdb.ReadBody(bc.db, hash, *number)
-	if body == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	// Cache the found body for next time and return
-	bc.bodyCache.Add(hash, body)
-	return body
-}
-
-// GetBodyRLP retrieves a block body in RLP encoding from the database by hash,
-// caching it if found.
-func (bc *BlockChain) GetBodyRLP(hash common.Hash) rlp.RawValue {
-	// Short circuit if the body's already in the cache, retrieve otherwise
-	if cached, ok := bc.bodyRLPCache.Get(hash); ok {
-		return cached.(rlp.RawValue)
-	}
-	number := bc.hc.GetBlockNumber(hash)
-	if number == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	body := rawdb.ReadBodyRLP(bc.db, hash, *number)
-	if len(body) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	// Cache the found body for next time and return
-	bc.bodyRLPCache.Add(hash, body)
-	return body
-}
-
-// HasBlock checks if a block is fully present in the database or not.
-func (bc *BlockChain) HasBlock(hash common.Hash, number uint64) bool {
-	if bc.blockCache.Contains(hash) {
-		return true
-	}
-	return rawdb.HasBody(bc.db, hash, number)
-}
-
-// HasFastBlock checks if a fast block is fully present in the database or not.
-func (bc *BlockChain) HasFastBlock(hash common.Hash, number uint64) bool {
-	if !bc.HasBlock(hash, number) {
-		return false
-	}
-	if bc.receiptsCache.Contains(hash) {
-		return true
-	}
-	return rawdb.HasReceipts(bc.db, hash, number)
-}
-
-// HasState checks if state trie is fully present in the database or not.
-func (bc *BlockChain) HasState(hash common.Hash) bool {
-	_, err := bc.stateCache.OpenTrie(hash)
-	return err == nil
-}
-
-// HasBlockAndState checks if a block and associated state trie is fully present
-// in the database or not, caching it if present.
-func (bc *BlockChain) HasBlockAndState(hash common.Hash, number uint64) bool {
-	// Check first that the block itself is known
-	block := bc.GetBlock(hash, number)
-	if block == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	return bc.HasState(block.Root())
-}
-
-// GetBlock retrieves a block from the database by hash and number,
-// caching it if found.
-func (bc *BlockChain) GetBlock(hash common.Hash, number uint64) *types.Block {
-	// Short circuit if the block's already in the cache, retrieve otherwise
-	if block, ok := bc.blockCache.Get(hash); ok {
-		return block.(*types.Block)
-	}
-	block := rawdb.ReadBlock(bc.db, hash, number)
-	if block == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	// Cache the found block for next time and return
-	bc.blockCache.Add(block.Hash(), block)
-	return block
-}
-
-// GetBlockByHash retrieves a block from the database by hash, caching it if found.
-func (bc *BlockChain) GetBlockByHash(hash common.Hash) *types.Block {
-	number := bc.hc.GetBlockNumber(hash)
-	if number == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return bc.GetBlock(hash, *number)
-}
-
-// GetBlockByNumber retrieves a block from the database by number, caching it
-// (associated with its hash) if found.
-func (bc *BlockChain) GetBlockByNumber(number uint64) *types.Block {
-	hash := rawdb.ReadCanonicalHash(bc.db, number)
-	if hash == (common.Hash{}) {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return bc.GetBlock(hash, number)
-}
-
-// GetReceiptsByHash retrieves the receipts for all transactions in a given block.
-func (bc *BlockChain) GetReceiptsByHash(hash common.Hash) types.Receipts {
-	if receipts, ok := bc.receiptsCache.Get(hash); ok {
-		return receipts.(types.Receipts)
-	}
-	number := rawdb.ReadHeaderNumber(bc.db, hash)
-	if number == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	receipts := rawdb.ReadReceipts(bc.db, hash, *number, bc.chainConfig)
-	if receipts == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	bc.receiptsCache.Add(hash, receipts)
-	return receipts
-}
-
-// GetBlocksFromHash returns the block corresponding to hash and up to n-1 ancestors.
-// [deprecated by eth/62]
-func (bc *BlockChain) GetBlocksFromHash(hash common.Hash, n int) (blocks []*types.Block) {
-	number := bc.hc.GetBlockNumber(hash)
-	if number == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
-		block := bc.GetBlock(hash, *number)
-		if block == nil {
-			break
-		}
-		blocks = append(blocks, block)
-		hash = block.ParentHash()
-		*number--
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-// GetUnclesInChain retrieves all the uncles from a given block backwards until
-// a specific distance is reached.
-func (bc *BlockChain) GetUnclesInChain(block *types.Block, length int) []*types.Header {
-	uncles := []*types.Header{}
-	for i := 0; block != nil && i < length; i++ {
-		uncles = append(uncles, block.Uncles()...)
-		block = bc.GetBlock(block.ParentHash(), block.NumberU64()-1)
-	}
-	return uncles
-}
-
-// TrieNode retrieves a blob of data associated with a trie node
-// either from ephemeral in-memory cache, or from persistent storage.
-func (bc *BlockChain) TrieNode(hash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
-	return bc.stateCache.TrieDB().Node(hash)
-}
-
-// ContractCode retrieves a blob of data associated with a contract hash
-// either from ephemeral in-memory cache, or from persistent storage.
-func (bc *BlockChain) ContractCode(hash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
-	return bc.stateCache.ContractCode(common.Hash{}, hash)
-}
-
-// ContractCodeWithPrefix retrieves a blob of data associated with a contract
-// hash either from ephemeral in-memory cache, or from persistent storage.
-//
-// If the code doesn't exist in the in-memory cache, check the storage with
-// new code scheme.
-func (bc *BlockChain) ContractCodeWithPrefix(hash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
-	type codeReader interface {
-		ContractCodeWithPrefix(addrHash, codeHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error)
-	}
-	return bc.stateCache.(codeReader).ContractCodeWithPrefix(common.Hash{}, hash)
-}
-
 // Stop stops the blockchain service. If any imports are currently in progress
 // it will abort them using the procInterrupt.
 func (bc *BlockChain) Stop() {
@@ -1390,18 +1149,6 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) InsertReceiptChain(blockChain types.Blocks, receiptChain [
 	return 0, nil
 }
 
-// SetTxLookupLimit is responsible for updating the txlookup limit to the
-// original one stored in db if the new mismatches with the old one.
-func (bc *BlockChain) SetTxLookupLimit(limit uint64) {
-	bc.txLookupLimit = limit
-}
-
-// TxLookupLimit retrieves the txlookup limit used by blockchain to prune
-// stale transaction indices.
-func (bc *BlockChain) TxLookupLimit() uint64 {
-	return bc.txLookupLimit
-}
-
 var lastWrite uint64
 
 // writeBlockWithoutState writes only the block and its metadata to the database,
@@ -1689,11 +1436,10 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, verifySeals bool) (int, er
 
 	// Peek the error for the first block to decide the directing import logic
 	it := newInsertIterator(chain, results, bc.validator)
-
 	block, err := it.next()
 
-	// Left-trim all the known blocks
+	// Left-trim all the known blocks that don't need to build snapshot
-	if err == ErrKnownBlock {
+	if bc.skipBlock(err, it) {
 		// First block (and state) is known
 		//   1. We did a roll-back, and should now do a re-import
 		//   2. The block is stored as a sidechain, and is lying about it's stateroot, and passes a stateroot
@@ -1704,7 +1450,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, verifySeals bool) (int, er
 			localTd  = bc.GetTd(current.Hash(), current.NumberU64())
 			externTd = bc.GetTd(block.ParentHash(), block.NumberU64()-1) // The first block can't be nil
 		)
-		for block != nil && err == ErrKnownBlock {
+		for block != nil && bc.skipBlock(err, it) {
 			externTd = new(big.Int).Add(externTd, block.Difficulty())
 			if localTd.Cmp(externTd) < 0 {
 				break
@@ -1722,7 +1468,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, verifySeals bool) (int, er
 		// When node runs a fast sync again, it can re-import a batch of known blocks via
 		// `insertChain` while a part of them have higher total difficulty than current
 		// head full block(new pivot point).
-		for block != nil && err == ErrKnownBlock {
+		for block != nil && bc.skipBlock(err, it) {
 			log.Debug("Writing previously known block", "number", block.Number(), "hash", block.Hash())
 			if err := bc.writeKnownBlock(block); err != nil {
 				return it.index, err
@@ -1754,8 +1500,10 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, verifySeals bool) (int, er
 		// If there are any still remaining, mark as ignored
 		return it.index, err
 
-	// Some other error occurred, abort
+	// Some other error(except ErrKnownBlock) occurred, abort.
-	case err != nil:
+	// ErrKnownBlock is allowed here since some known blocks
+	// still need re-execution to generate snapshots that are missing
+	case err != nil && !errors.Is(err, ErrKnownBlock):
 		bc.futureBlocks.Remove(block.Hash())
 		stats.ignored += len(it.chain)
 		bc.reportBlock(block, nil, err)
@@ -1773,7 +1521,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, verifySeals bool) (int, er
 		}
 	}()
 
-	for ; block != nil && err == nil || err == ErrKnownBlock; block, err = it.next() {
+	for ; block != nil && err == nil || errors.Is(err, ErrKnownBlock); block, err = it.next() {
 		// If the chain is terminating, stop processing blocks
 		if bc.insertStopped() {
 			log.Debug("Abort during block processing")
@@ -1788,8 +1536,9 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, verifySeals bool) (int, er
 		// Clique blocks where they can share state among each other, so importing an
 		// older block might complete the state of the subsequent one. In this case,
 		// just skip the block (we already validated it once fully (and crashed), since
-		// its header and body was already in the database).
+		// its header and body was already in the database). But if the corresponding
-		if err == ErrKnownBlock {
+		// snapshot layer is missing, forcibly rerun the execution to build it.
+		if bc.skipBlock(err, it) {
 			logger := log.Debug
 			if bc.chainConfig.Clique == nil {
 				logger = log.Warn
@@ -2266,6 +2015,47 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) futureBlocksLoop() {
 	}
 }
 
+// skipBlock returns 'true', if the block being imported can be skipped over, meaning
+// that the block does not need to be processed but can be considered already fully 'done'.
+func (bc *BlockChain) skipBlock(err error, it *insertIterator) bool {
+	// We can only ever bypass processing if the only error returned by the validator
+	// is ErrKnownBlock, which means all checks passed, but we already have the block
+	// and state.
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrKnownBlock) {
+		return false
+	}
+	// If we're not using snapshots, we can skip this, since we have both block
+	// and (trie-) state
+	if bc.snaps == nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	var (
+		header     = it.current() // header can't be nil
+		parentRoot common.Hash
+	)
+	// If we also have the snapshot-state, we can skip the processing.
+	if bc.snaps.Snapshot(header.Root) != nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	// In this case, we have the trie-state but not snapshot-state. If the parent
+	// snapshot-state exists, we need to process this in order to not get a gap
+	// in the snapshot layers.
+	// Resolve parent block
+	if parent := it.previous(); parent != nil {
+		parentRoot = parent.Root
+	} else if parent = bc.GetHeaderByHash(header.ParentHash); parent != nil {
+		parentRoot = parent.Root
+	}
+	if parentRoot == (common.Hash{}) {
+		return false // Theoretically impossible case
+	}
+	// Parent is also missing snapshot: we can skip this. Otherwise process.
+	if bc.snaps.Snapshot(parentRoot) == nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 // maintainTxIndex is responsible for the construction and deletion of the
 // transaction index.
 //
@@ -2398,116 +2188,3 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) InsertHeaderChain(chain []*types.Header, checkFreq int) (i
 	_, err := bc.hc.InsertHeaderChain(chain, start)
 	return 0, err
 }
-
-// CurrentHeader retrieves the current head header of the canonical chain. The
-// header is retrieved from the HeaderChain's internal cache.
-func (bc *BlockChain) CurrentHeader() *types.Header {
-	return bc.hc.CurrentHeader()
-}
-
-// GetTd retrieves a block's total difficulty in the canonical chain from the
-// database by hash and number, caching it if found.
-func (bc *BlockChain) GetTd(hash common.Hash, number uint64) *big.Int {
-	return bc.hc.GetTd(hash, number)
-}
-
-// GetHeader retrieves a block header from the database by hash and number,
-// caching it if found.
-func (bc *BlockChain) GetHeader(hash common.Hash, number uint64) *types.Header {
-	// Blockchain might have cached the whole block, only if not go to headerchain
-	if block, ok := bc.blockCache.Get(hash); ok {
-		return block.(*types.Block).Header()
-	}
-
-	return bc.hc.GetHeader(hash, number)
-}
-
-// GetHeaderByHash retrieves a block header from the database by hash, caching it if
-// found.
-func (bc *BlockChain) GetHeaderByHash(hash common.Hash) *types.Header {
-	// Blockchain might have cached the whole block, only if not go to headerchain
-	if block, ok := bc.blockCache.Get(hash); ok {
-		return block.(*types.Block).Header()
-	}
-
-	return bc.hc.GetHeaderByHash(hash)
-}
-
-// HasHeader checks if a block header is present in the database or not, caching
-// it if present.
-func (bc *BlockChain) HasHeader(hash common.Hash, number uint64) bool {
-	return bc.hc.HasHeader(hash, number)
-}
-
-// GetCanonicalHash returns the canonical hash for a given block number
-func (bc *BlockChain) GetCanonicalHash(number uint64) common.Hash {
-	return bc.hc.GetCanonicalHash(number)
-}
-
-// GetAncestor retrieves the Nth ancestor of a given block. It assumes that either the given block or
-// a close ancestor of it is canonical. maxNonCanonical points to a downwards counter limiting the
-// number of blocks to be individually checked before we reach the canonical chain.
-//
-// Note: ancestor == 0 returns the same block, 1 returns its parent and so on.
-func (bc *BlockChain) GetAncestor(hash common.Hash, number, ancestor uint64, maxNonCanonical *uint64) (common.Hash, uint64) {
-	return bc.hc.GetAncestor(hash, number, ancestor, maxNonCanonical)
-}
-
-// GetHeaderByNumber retrieves a block header from the database by number,
-// caching it (associated with its hash) if found.
-func (bc *BlockChain) GetHeaderByNumber(number uint64) *types.Header {
-	return bc.hc.GetHeaderByNumber(number)
-}
-
-// GetTransactionLookup retrieves the lookup associate with the given transaction
-// hash from the cache or database.
-func (bc *BlockChain) GetTransactionLookup(hash common.Hash) *rawdb.LegacyTxLookupEntry {
-	// Short circuit if the txlookup already in the cache, retrieve otherwise
-	if lookup, exist := bc.txLookupCache.Get(hash); exist {
-		return lookup.(*rawdb.LegacyTxLookupEntry)
-	}
-	tx, blockHash, blockNumber, txIndex := rawdb.ReadTransaction(bc.db, hash)
-	if tx == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	lookup := &rawdb.LegacyTxLookupEntry{BlockHash: blockHash, BlockIndex: blockNumber, Index: txIndex}
-	bc.txLookupCache.Add(hash, lookup)
-	return lookup
-}
-
-// Config retrieves the chain's fork configuration.
-func (bc *BlockChain) Config() *params.ChainConfig { return bc.chainConfig }
-
-// Engine retrieves the blockchain's consensus engine.
-func (bc *BlockChain) Engine() consensus.Engine { return bc.engine }
-
-// SubscribeRemovedLogsEvent registers a subscription of RemovedLogsEvent.
-func (bc *BlockChain) SubscribeRemovedLogsEvent(ch chan<- RemovedLogsEvent) event.Subscription {
-	return bc.scope.Track(bc.rmLogsFeed.Subscribe(ch))
-}
-
-// SubscribeChainEvent registers a subscription of ChainEvent.
-func (bc *BlockChain) SubscribeChainEvent(ch chan<- ChainEvent) event.Subscription {
-	return bc.scope.Track(bc.chainFeed.Subscribe(ch))
-}
-
-// SubscribeChainHeadEvent registers a subscription of ChainHeadEvent.
-func (bc *BlockChain) SubscribeChainHeadEvent(ch chan<- ChainHeadEvent) event.Subscription {
-	return bc.scope.Track(bc.chainHeadFeed.Subscribe(ch))
-}
-
-// SubscribeChainSideEvent registers a subscription of ChainSideEvent.
-func (bc *BlockChain) SubscribeChainSideEvent(ch chan<- ChainSideEvent) event.Subscription {
-	return bc.scope.Track(bc.chainSideFeed.Subscribe(ch))
-}
-
-// SubscribeLogsEvent registers a subscription of []*types.Log.
-func (bc *BlockChain) SubscribeLogsEvent(ch chan<- []*types.Log) event.Subscription {
-	return bc.scope.Track(bc.logsFeed.Subscribe(ch))
-}
-
-// SubscribeBlockProcessingEvent registers a subscription of bool where true means
-// block processing has started while false means it has stopped.
-func (bc *BlockChain) SubscribeBlockProcessingEvent(ch chan<- bool) event.Subscription {
-	return bc.scope.Track(bc.blockProcFeed.Subscribe(ch))
-}

core/blockchain_insert.go

@@ -150,6 +150,14 @@ func (it *insertIterator) previous() *types.Header {
 	return it.chain[it.index-1].Header()
 }
 
+// current returns the current header that is being processed, or nil.
+func (it *insertIterator) current() *types.Header {
+	if it.index == -1 || it.index >= len(it.chain) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return it.chain[it.index].Header()
+}
+
 // first returns the first block in the it.
 func (it *insertIterator) first() *types.Block {
 	return it.chain[0]

core/blockchain_reader.go

@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package core
+
+import (
+	"math/big"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state/snapshot"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
+)
+
+// CurrentHeader retrieves the current head header of the canonical chain. The
+// header is retrieved from the HeaderChain's internal cache.
+func (bc *BlockChain) CurrentHeader() *types.Header {
+	return bc.hc.CurrentHeader()
+}
+
+// CurrentBlock retrieves the current head block of the canonical chain. The
+// block is retrieved from the blockchain's internal cache.
+func (bc *BlockChain) CurrentBlock() *types.Block {
+	return bc.currentBlock.Load().(*types.Block)
+}
+
+// CurrentFastBlock retrieves the current fast-sync head block of the canonical
+// chain. The block is retrieved from the blockchain's internal cache.
+func (bc *BlockChain) CurrentFastBlock() *types.Block {
+	return bc.currentFastBlock.Load().(*types.Block)
+}
+
+// HasHeader checks if a block header is present in the database or not, caching
+// it if present.
+func (bc *BlockChain) HasHeader(hash common.Hash, number uint64) bool {
+	return bc.hc.HasHeader(hash, number)
+}
+
+// GetHeader retrieves a block header from the database by hash and number,
+// caching it if found.
+func (bc *BlockChain) GetHeader(hash common.Hash, number uint64) *types.Header {
+	return bc.hc.GetHeader(hash, number)
+}
+
+// GetHeaderByHash retrieves a block header from the database by hash, caching it if
+// found.
+func (bc *BlockChain) GetHeaderByHash(hash common.Hash) *types.Header {
+	return bc.hc.GetHeaderByHash(hash)
+}
+
+// GetHeaderByNumber retrieves a block header from the database by number,
+// caching it (associated with its hash) if found.
+func (bc *BlockChain) GetHeaderByNumber(number uint64) *types.Header {
+	return bc.hc.GetHeaderByNumber(number)
+}
+
+// GetBody retrieves a block body (transactions and uncles) from the database by
+// hash, caching it if found.
+func (bc *BlockChain) GetBody(hash common.Hash) *types.Body {
+	// Short circuit if the body's already in the cache, retrieve otherwise
+	if cached, ok := bc.bodyCache.Get(hash); ok {
+		body := cached.(*types.Body)
+		return body
+	}
+	number := bc.hc.GetBlockNumber(hash)
+	if number == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	body := rawdb.ReadBody(bc.db, hash, *number)
+	if body == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Cache the found body for next time and return
+	bc.bodyCache.Add(hash, body)
+	return body
+}
+
+// GetBodyRLP retrieves a block body in RLP encoding from the database by hash,
+// caching it if found.
+func (bc *BlockChain) GetBodyRLP(hash common.Hash) rlp.RawValue {
+	// Short circuit if the body's already in the cache, retrieve otherwise
+	if cached, ok := bc.bodyRLPCache.Get(hash); ok {
+		return cached.(rlp.RawValue)
+	}
+	number := bc.hc.GetBlockNumber(hash)
+	if number == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	body := rawdb.ReadBodyRLP(bc.db, hash, *number)
+	if len(body) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Cache the found body for next time and return
+	bc.bodyRLPCache.Add(hash, body)
+	return body
+}
+
+// HasBlock checks if a block is fully present in the database or not.
+func (bc *BlockChain) HasBlock(hash common.Hash, number uint64) bool {
+	if bc.blockCache.Contains(hash) {
+		return true
+	}
+	return rawdb.HasBody(bc.db, hash, number)
+}
+
+// HasFastBlock checks if a fast block is fully present in the database or not.
+func (bc *BlockChain) HasFastBlock(hash common.Hash, number uint64) bool {
+	if !bc.HasBlock(hash, number) {
+		return false
+	}
+	if bc.receiptsCache.Contains(hash) {
+		return true
+	}
+	return rawdb.HasReceipts(bc.db, hash, number)
+}
+
+// GetBlock retrieves a block from the database by hash and number,
+// caching it if found.
+func (bc *BlockChain) GetBlock(hash common.Hash, number uint64) *types.Block {
+	// Short circuit if the block's already in the cache, retrieve otherwise
+	if block, ok := bc.blockCache.Get(hash); ok {
+		return block.(*types.Block)
+	}
+	block := rawdb.ReadBlock(bc.db, hash, number)
+	if block == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Cache the found block for next time and return
+	bc.blockCache.Add(block.Hash(), block)
+	return block
+}
+
+// GetBlockByHash retrieves a block from the database by hash, caching it if found.
+func (bc *BlockChain) GetBlockByHash(hash common.Hash) *types.Block {
+	number := bc.hc.GetBlockNumber(hash)
+	if number == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return bc.GetBlock(hash, *number)
+}
+
+// GetBlockByNumber retrieves a block from the database by number, caching it
+// (associated with its hash) if found.
+func (bc *BlockChain) GetBlockByNumber(number uint64) *types.Block {
+	hash := rawdb.ReadCanonicalHash(bc.db, number)
+	if hash == (common.Hash{}) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return bc.GetBlock(hash, number)
+}
+
+// GetBlocksFromHash returns the block corresponding to hash and up to n-1 ancestors.
+// [deprecated by eth/62]
+func (bc *BlockChain) GetBlocksFromHash(hash common.Hash, n int) (blocks []*types.Block) {
+	number := bc.hc.GetBlockNumber(hash)
+	if number == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		block := bc.GetBlock(hash, *number)
+		if block == nil {
+			break
+		}
+		blocks = append(blocks, block)
+		hash = block.ParentHash()
+		*number--
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// GetReceiptsByHash retrieves the receipts for all transactions in a given block.
+func (bc *BlockChain) GetReceiptsByHash(hash common.Hash) types.Receipts {
+	if receipts, ok := bc.receiptsCache.Get(hash); ok {
+		return receipts.(types.Receipts)
+	}
+	number := rawdb.ReadHeaderNumber(bc.db, hash)
+	if number == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	receipts := rawdb.ReadReceipts(bc.db, hash, *number, bc.chainConfig)
+	if receipts == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	bc.receiptsCache.Add(hash, receipts)
+	return receipts
+}
+
+// GetUnclesInChain retrieves all the uncles from a given block backwards until
+// a specific distance is reached.
+func (bc *BlockChain) GetUnclesInChain(block *types.Block, length int) []*types.Header {
+	uncles := []*types.Header{}
+	for i := 0; block != nil && i < length; i++ {
+		uncles = append(uncles, block.Uncles()...)
+		block = bc.GetBlock(block.ParentHash(), block.NumberU64()-1)
+	}
+	return uncles
+}
+
+// GetCanonicalHash returns the canonical hash for a given block number
+func (bc *BlockChain) GetCanonicalHash(number uint64) common.Hash {
+	return bc.hc.GetCanonicalHash(number)
+}
+
+// GetAncestor retrieves the Nth ancestor of a given block. It assumes that either the given block or
+// a close ancestor of it is canonical. maxNonCanonical points to a downwards counter limiting the
+// number of blocks to be individually checked before we reach the canonical chain.
+//
+// Note: ancestor == 0 returns the same block, 1 returns its parent and so on.
+func (bc *BlockChain) GetAncestor(hash common.Hash, number, ancestor uint64, maxNonCanonical *uint64) (common.Hash, uint64) {
+	return bc.hc.GetAncestor(hash, number, ancestor, maxNonCanonical)
+}
+
+// GetTransactionLookup retrieves the lookup associate with the given transaction
+// hash from the cache or database.
+func (bc *BlockChain) GetTransactionLookup(hash common.Hash) *rawdb.LegacyTxLookupEntry {
+	// Short circuit if the txlookup already in the cache, retrieve otherwise
+	if lookup, exist := bc.txLookupCache.Get(hash); exist {
+		return lookup.(*rawdb.LegacyTxLookupEntry)
+	}
+	tx, blockHash, blockNumber, txIndex := rawdb.ReadTransaction(bc.db, hash)
+	if tx == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	lookup := &rawdb.LegacyTxLookupEntry{BlockHash: blockHash, BlockIndex: blockNumber, Index: txIndex}
+	bc.txLookupCache.Add(hash, lookup)
+	return lookup
+}
+
+// GetTd retrieves a block's total difficulty in the canonical chain from the
+// database by hash and number, caching it if found.
+func (bc *BlockChain) GetTd(hash common.Hash, number uint64) *big.Int {
+	return bc.hc.GetTd(hash, number)
+}
+
+// HasState checks if state trie is fully present in the database or not.
+func (bc *BlockChain) HasState(hash common.Hash) bool {
+	_, err := bc.stateCache.OpenTrie(hash)
+	return err == nil
+}
+
+// HasBlockAndState checks if a block and associated state trie is fully present
+// in the database or not, caching it if present.
+func (bc *BlockChain) HasBlockAndState(hash common.Hash, number uint64) bool {
+	// Check first that the block itself is known
+	block := bc.GetBlock(hash, number)
+	if block == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return bc.HasState(block.Root())
+}
+
+// TrieNode retrieves a blob of data associated with a trie node
+// either from ephemeral in-memory cache, or from persistent storage.
+func (bc *BlockChain) TrieNode(hash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
+	return bc.stateCache.TrieDB().Node(hash)
+}
+
+// ContractCode retrieves a blob of data associated with a contract hash
+// either from ephemeral in-memory cache, or from persistent storage.
+func (bc *BlockChain) ContractCode(hash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
+	return bc.stateCache.ContractCode(common.Hash{}, hash)
+}
+
+// ContractCodeWithPrefix retrieves a blob of data associated with a contract
+// hash either from ephemeral in-memory cache, or from persistent storage.
+//
+// If the code doesn't exist in the in-memory cache, check the storage with
+// new code scheme.
+func (bc *BlockChain) ContractCodeWithPrefix(hash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
+	type codeReader interface {
+		ContractCodeWithPrefix(addrHash, codeHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error)
+	}
+	return bc.stateCache.(codeReader).ContractCodeWithPrefix(common.Hash{}, hash)
+}
+
+// State returns a new mutable state based on the current HEAD block.
+func (bc *BlockChain) State() (*state.StateDB, error) {
+	return bc.StateAt(bc.CurrentBlock().Root())
+}
+
+// StateAt returns a new mutable state based on a particular point in time.
+func (bc *BlockChain) StateAt(root common.Hash) (*state.StateDB, error) {
+	return state.New(root, bc.stateCache, bc.snaps)
+}
+
+// Config retrieves the chain's fork configuration.
+func (bc *BlockChain) Config() *params.ChainConfig { return bc.chainConfig }
+
+// Engine retrieves the blockchain's consensus engine.
+func (bc *BlockChain) Engine() consensus.Engine { return bc.engine }
+
+// Snapshots returns the blockchain snapshot tree.
+func (bc *BlockChain) Snapshots() *snapshot.Tree {
+	return bc.snaps
+}
+
+// Validator returns the current validator.
+func (bc *BlockChain) Validator() Validator {
+	return bc.validator
+}
+
+// Processor returns the current processor.
+func (bc *BlockChain) Processor() Processor {
+	return bc.processor
+}
+
+// StateCache returns the caching database underpinning the blockchain instance.
+func (bc *BlockChain) StateCache() state.Database {
+	return bc.stateCache
+}
+
+// GasLimit returns the gas limit of the current HEAD block.
+func (bc *BlockChain) GasLimit() uint64 {
+	return bc.CurrentBlock().GasLimit()
+}
+
+// Genesis retrieves the chain's genesis block.
+func (bc *BlockChain) Genesis() *types.Block {
+	return bc.genesisBlock
+}
+
+// GetVMConfig returns the block chain VM config.
+func (bc *BlockChain) GetVMConfig() *vm.Config {
+	return &bc.vmConfig
+}
+
+// SetTxLookupLimit is responsible for updating the txlookup limit to the
+// original one stored in db if the new mismatches with the old one.
+func (bc *BlockChain) SetTxLookupLimit(limit uint64) {
+	bc.txLookupLimit = limit
+}
+
+// TxLookupLimit retrieves the txlookup limit used by blockchain to prune
+// stale transaction indices.
+func (bc *BlockChain) TxLookupLimit() uint64 {
+	return bc.txLookupLimit
+}
+
+// SubscribeRemovedLogsEvent registers a subscription of RemovedLogsEvent.
+func (bc *BlockChain) SubscribeRemovedLogsEvent(ch chan<- RemovedLogsEvent) event.Subscription {
+	return bc.scope.Track(bc.rmLogsFeed.Subscribe(ch))
+}
+
+// SubscribeChainEvent registers a subscription of ChainEvent.
+func (bc *BlockChain) SubscribeChainEvent(ch chan<- ChainEvent) event.Subscription {
+	return bc.scope.Track(bc.chainFeed.Subscribe(ch))
+}
+
+// SubscribeChainHeadEvent registers a subscription of ChainHeadEvent.
+func (bc *BlockChain) SubscribeChainHeadEvent(ch chan<- ChainHeadEvent) event.Subscription {
+	return bc.scope.Track(bc.chainHeadFeed.Subscribe(ch))
+}
+
+// SubscribeChainSideEvent registers a subscription of ChainSideEvent.
+func (bc *BlockChain) SubscribeChainSideEvent(ch chan<- ChainSideEvent) event.Subscription {
+	return bc.scope.Track(bc.chainSideFeed.Subscribe(ch))
+}
+
+// SubscribeLogsEvent registers a subscription of []*types.Log.
+func (bc *BlockChain) SubscribeLogsEvent(ch chan<- []*types.Log) event.Subscription {
+	return bc.scope.Track(bc.logsFeed.Subscribe(ch))
+}
+
+// SubscribeBlockProcessingEvent registers a subscription of bool where true means
+// block processing has started while false means it has stopped.
+func (bc *BlockChain) SubscribeBlockProcessingEvent(ch chan<- bool) event.Subscription {
+	return bc.scope.Track(bc.blockProcFeed.Subscribe(ch))
+}

core/blockchain_repair_test.go

@@ -1863,3 +1863,124 @@ func testRepair(t *testing.T, tt *rewindTest, snapshots bool) {
 		t.Errorf("Frozen block count mismatch: have %d, want %d", frozen, tt.expFrozen)
 	}
 }
+
+// TestIssue23496 tests scenario described in https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/23496#issuecomment-926393893
+// Credits to @zzyalbert for finding the issue.
+//
+// Local chain owns these blocks:
+// G  B1  B2  B3  B4
+// B1: state committed
+// B2: snapshot disk layer
+// B3: state committed
+// B4: head block
+//
+// Crash happens without fully persisting snapshot and in-memory states,
+// chain rewinds itself to the B1 (skip B3 in order to recover snapshot)
+// In this case the snapshot layer of B3 is not created because of existent
+// state.
+func TestIssue23496(t *testing.T) {
+	// It's hard to follow the test case, visualize the input
+	//log.Root().SetHandler(log.LvlFilterHandler(log.LvlTrace, log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.TerminalFormat(true))))
+
+	// Create a temporary persistent database
+	datadir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create temporary datadir: %v", err)
+	}
+	os.RemoveAll(datadir)
+
+	db, err := rawdb.NewLevelDBDatabaseWithFreezer(datadir, 0, 0, datadir, "", false)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create persistent database: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close() // Might double close, should be fine
+
+	// Initialize a fresh chain
+	var (
+		genesis = (&Genesis{BaseFee: big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee)}).MustCommit(db)
+		engine  = ethash.NewFullFaker()
+		config  = &CacheConfig{
+			TrieCleanLimit: 256,
+			TrieDirtyLimit: 256,
+			TrieTimeLimit:  5 * time.Minute,
+			SnapshotLimit:  256,
+			SnapshotWait:   true,
+		}
+	)
+	chain, err := NewBlockChain(db, config, params.AllEthashProtocolChanges, engine, vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create chain: %v", err)
+	}
+	blocks, _ := GenerateChain(params.TestChainConfig, genesis, engine, rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), 4, func(i int, b *BlockGen) {
+		b.SetCoinbase(common.Address{0x02})
+		b.SetDifficulty(big.NewInt(1000000))
+	})
+
+	// Insert block B1 and commit the state into disk
+	if _, err := chain.InsertChain(blocks[:1]); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to import canonical chain start: %v", err)
+	}
+	chain.stateCache.TrieDB().Commit(blocks[0].Root(), true, nil)
+
+	// Insert block B2 and commit the snapshot into disk
+	if _, err := chain.InsertChain(blocks[1:2]); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to import canonical chain start: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := chain.snaps.Cap(blocks[1].Root(), 0); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to flatten snapshots: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Insert block B3 and commit the state into disk
+	if _, err := chain.InsertChain(blocks[2:3]); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to import canonical chain start: %v", err)
+	}
+	chain.stateCache.TrieDB().Commit(blocks[2].Root(), true, nil)
+
+	// Insert the remaining blocks
+	if _, err := chain.InsertChain(blocks[3:]); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to import canonical chain tail: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Pull the plug on the database, simulating a hard crash
+	db.Close()
+
+	// Start a new blockchain back up and see where the repair leads us
+	db, err = rawdb.NewLevelDBDatabaseWithFreezer(datadir, 0, 0, datadir, "", false)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to reopen persistent database: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	chain, err = NewBlockChain(db, nil, params.AllEthashProtocolChanges, engine, vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to recreate chain: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer chain.Stop()
+
+	if head := chain.CurrentHeader(); head.Number.Uint64() != uint64(4) {
+		t.Errorf("Head header mismatch: have %d, want %d", head.Number, 4)
+	}
+	if head := chain.CurrentFastBlock(); head.NumberU64() != uint64(4) {
+		t.Errorf("Head fast block mismatch: have %d, want %d", head.NumberU64(), uint64(4))
+	}
+	if head := chain.CurrentBlock(); head.NumberU64() != uint64(1) {
+		t.Errorf("Head block mismatch: have %d, want %d", head.NumberU64(), uint64(1))
+	}
+
+	// Reinsert B2-B4
+	if _, err := chain.InsertChain(blocks[1:]); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to import canonical chain tail: %v", err)
+	}
+	if head := chain.CurrentHeader(); head.Number.Uint64() != uint64(4) {
+		t.Errorf("Head header mismatch: have %d, want %d", head.Number, 4)
+	}
+	if head := chain.CurrentFastBlock(); head.NumberU64() != uint64(4) {
+		t.Errorf("Head fast block mismatch: have %d, want %d", head.NumberU64(), uint64(4))
+	}
+	if head := chain.CurrentBlock(); head.NumberU64() != uint64(4) {
+		t.Errorf("Head block mismatch: have %d, want %d", head.NumberU64(), uint64(4))
+	}
+	if layer := chain.Snapshots().Snapshot(blocks[2].Root()); layer == nil {
+		t.Error("Failed to regenerate the snapshot of known state")
+	}
+}

core/blockchain_test.go

@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ func TestReorgLongHeaders(t *testing.T) { testReorgLong(t, false) }
 func TestReorgLongBlocks(t *testing.T)  { testReorgLong(t, true) }
 
 func testReorgLong(t *testing.T, full bool) {
-	testReorg(t, []int64{0, 0, -9}, []int64{0, 0, 0, -9}, 393280, full)
+	testReorg(t, []int64{0, 0, -9}, []int64{0, 0, 0, -9}, 393280+params.GenesisDifficulty.Int64(), full)
 }
 
 // Tests that reorganising a short difficult chain after a long easy one
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ func testReorgShort(t *testing.T, full bool) {
 	for i := 0; i < len(diff); i++ {
 		diff[i] = -9
 	}
-	testReorg(t, easy, diff, 12615120, full)
+	testReorg(t, easy, diff, 12615120+params.GenesisDifficulty.Int64(), full)
 }
 
 func testReorg(t *testing.T, first, second []int64, td int64, full bool) {
@@ -2385,7 +2385,7 @@ func benchmarkLargeNumberOfValueToNonexisting(b *testing.B, numTxs, numBlocks in
 		for txi := 0; txi < numTxs; txi++ {
 			uniq := uint64(i*numTxs + txi)
 			recipient := recipientFn(uniq)
-			tx, err := types.SignTx(types.NewTransaction(uniq, recipient, big.NewInt(1), params.TxGas, big.NewInt(1), nil), signer, testBankKey)
+			tx, err := types.SignTx(types.NewTransaction(uniq, recipient, big.NewInt(1), params.TxGas, block.header.BaseFee, nil), signer, testBankKey)
 			if err != nil {
 				b.Error(err)
 			}

core/forkid/forkid_test.go

@@ -63,8 +63,10 @@ func TestCreation(t *testing.T) {
 				{12243999, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xe029e991), Next: 12244000}}, // Last Muir Glacier block
 				{12244000, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0x0eb440f6), Next: 12965000}}, // First Berlin block
 				{12964999, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0x0eb440f6), Next: 12965000}}, // Last Berlin block
-				{12965000, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xb715077d), Next: 0}},        // First London block
+				{12965000, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xb715077d), Next: 13773000}}, // First London block
-				{20000000, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xb715077d), Next: 0}},        // Future London block
+				{13772999, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xb715077d), Next: 13773000}}, // Last London block
+				{13773000, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0x20c327fc), Next: 0}},        /// First Arrow Glacier block
+				{20000000, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0x20c327fc), Next: 0}},        // Future Arrow Glacier block
 			},
 		},
 		// Ropsten test cases
@@ -205,11 +207,11 @@ func TestValidation(t *testing.T) {
 		// Local is mainnet Petersburg, remote is Rinkeby Petersburg.
 		{7987396, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xafec6b27), Next: 0}, ErrLocalIncompatibleOrStale},
 
-		// Local is mainnet London, far in the future. Remote announces Gopherium (non existing fork)
+		// Local is mainnet Arrow Glacier, far in the future. Remote announces Gopherium (non existing fork)
 		// at some future block 88888888, for itself, but past block for local. Local is incompatible.
 		//
 		// This case detects non-upgraded nodes with majority hash power (typical Ropsten mess).
-		{88888888, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xb715077d), Next: 88888888}, ErrLocalIncompatibleOrStale},
+		{88888888, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0x20c327fc), Next: 88888888}, ErrLocalIncompatibleOrStale},
 
 		// Local is mainnet Byzantium. Remote is also in Byzantium, but announces Gopherium (non existing
 		// fork) at block 7279999, before Petersburg. Local is incompatible.

core/genesis.go

@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ func SetupGenesisBlock(db ethdb.Database, genesis *Genesis) (*params.ChainConfig
 	return SetupGenesisBlockWithOverride(db, genesis, nil)
 }
 
-func SetupGenesisBlockWithOverride(db ethdb.Database, genesis *Genesis, overrideLondon *big.Int) (*params.ChainConfig, common.Hash, error) {
+func SetupGenesisBlockWithOverride(db ethdb.Database, genesis *Genesis, overrideArrowGlacier *big.Int) (*params.ChainConfig, common.Hash, error) {
 	if genesis != nil && genesis.Config == nil {
 		return params.AllEthashProtocolChanges, common.Hash{}, errGenesisNoConfig
 	}
@@ -204,8 +204,8 @@ func SetupGenesisBlockWithOverride(db ethdb.Database, genesis *Genesis, override
 	}
 	// Get the existing chain configuration.
 	newcfg := genesis.configOrDefault(stored)
-	if overrideLondon != nil {
+	if overrideArrowGlacier != nil {
-		newcfg.LondonBlock = overrideLondon
+		newcfg.ArrowGlacierBlock = overrideArrowGlacier
 	}
 	if err := newcfg.CheckConfigForkOrder(); err != nil {
 		return newcfg, common.Hash{}, err
@@ -244,6 +244,8 @@ func (g *Genesis) configOrDefault(ghash common.Hash) *params.ChainConfig {
 		return params.MainnetChainConfig
 	case ghash == params.RopstenGenesisHash:
 		return params.RopstenChainConfig
+	case ghash == params.SepoliaGenesisHash:
+		return params.SepoliaChainConfig
 	case ghash == params.RinkebyGenesisHash:
 		return params.RinkebyChainConfig
 	case ghash == params.GoerliGenesisHash:
@@ -322,7 +324,7 @@ func (g *Genesis) Commit(db ethdb.Database) (*types.Block, error) {
 	if config.Clique != nil && len(block.Extra()) == 0 {
 		return nil, errors.New("can't start clique chain without signers")
 	}
-	rawdb.WriteTd(db, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), g.Difficulty)
+	rawdb.WriteTd(db, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), block.Difficulty())
 	rawdb.WriteBlock(db, block)
 	rawdb.WriteReceipts(db, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), nil)
 	rawdb.WriteCanonicalHash(db, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64())
@@ -400,6 +402,19 @@ func DefaultGoerliGenesisBlock() *Genesis {
 	}
 }
 
+// DefaultSepoliaGenesisBlock returns the Sepolia network genesis block.
+func DefaultSepoliaGenesisBlock() *Genesis {
+	return &Genesis{
+		Config:     params.SepoliaChainConfig,
+		Nonce:      0,
+		ExtraData:  []byte("Sepolia, Athens, Attica, Greece!"),
+		GasLimit:   0x1c9c380,
+		Difficulty: big.NewInt(0x20000),
+		Timestamp:  1633267481,
+		Alloc:      decodePrealloc(sepoliaAllocData),
+	}
+}
+
 // DeveloperGenesisBlock returns the 'geth --dev' genesis block.
 func DeveloperGenesisBlock(period uint64, faucet common.Address) *Genesis {
 	// Override the default period to the user requested one

core/genesis_test.go

@@ -30,25 +30,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 )
 
-func TestDefaultGenesisBlock(t *testing.T) {
-	block := DefaultGenesisBlock().ToBlock(nil)
-	if block.Hash() != params.MainnetGenesisHash {
-		t.Errorf("wrong mainnet genesis hash, got %v, want %v", block.Hash(), params.MainnetGenesisHash)
-	}
-	block = DefaultRopstenGenesisBlock().ToBlock(nil)
-	if block.Hash() != params.RopstenGenesisHash {
-		t.Errorf("wrong ropsten genesis hash, got %v, want %v", block.Hash(), params.RopstenGenesisHash)
-	}
-	block = DefaultRinkebyGenesisBlock().ToBlock(nil)
-	if block.Hash() != params.RinkebyGenesisHash {
-		t.Errorf("wrong rinkeby genesis hash, got %v, want %v", block.Hash(), params.RinkebyGenesisHash)
-	}
-	block = DefaultGoerliGenesisBlock().ToBlock(nil)
-	if block.Hash() != params.GoerliGenesisHash {
-		t.Errorf("wrong goerli genesis hash, got %v, want %v", block.Hash(), params.GoerliGenesisHash)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestInvalidCliqueConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	block := DefaultGoerliGenesisBlock()
 	block.ExtraData = []byte{}
@@ -179,33 +160,56 @@ func TestSetupGenesis(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// TestGenesisHashes checks the congruity of default genesis data to corresponding hardcoded genesis hash values.
+// TestGenesisHashes checks the congruity of default genesis data to
+// corresponding hardcoded genesis hash values.
 func TestGenesisHashes(t *testing.T) {
-	cases := []struct {
+	for i, c := range []struct {
 		genesis *Genesis
-		hash    common.Hash
+		want    common.Hash
 	}{
-		{
+		{DefaultGenesisBlock(), params.MainnetGenesisHash},
-			genesis: DefaultGenesisBlock(),
+		{DefaultGoerliGenesisBlock(), params.GoerliGenesisHash},
-			hash:    params.MainnetGenesisHash,
+		{DefaultRopstenGenesisBlock(), params.RopstenGenesisHash},
-		},
+		{DefaultRinkebyGenesisBlock(), params.RinkebyGenesisHash},
-		{
+		{DefaultSepoliaGenesisBlock(), params.SepoliaGenesisHash},
-			genesis: DefaultGoerliGenesisBlock(),
+	} {
-			hash:    params.GoerliGenesisHash,
+		// Test via MustCommit
-		},
+		if have := c.genesis.MustCommit(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()).Hash(); have != c.want {
-		{
+			t.Errorf("case: %d a), want: %s, got: %s", i, c.want.Hex(), have.Hex())
-			genesis: DefaultRopstenGenesisBlock(),
+		}
-			hash:    params.RopstenGenesisHash,
+		// Test via ToBlock
-		},
+		if have := c.genesis.ToBlock(nil).Hash(); have != c.want {
-		{
+			t.Errorf("case: %d a), want: %s, got: %s", i, c.want.Hex(), have.Hex())
-			genesis: DefaultRinkebyGenesisBlock(),
-			hash:    params.RinkebyGenesisHash,
-		},
-	}
-	for i, c := range cases {
-		b := c.genesis.MustCommit(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase())
-		if got := b.Hash(); got != c.hash {
-			t.Errorf("case: %d, want: %s, got: %s", i, c.hash.Hex(), got.Hex())
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestGenesis_Commit(t *testing.T) {
+	genesis := &Genesis{
+		BaseFee: big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee),
+		Config:  params.TestChainConfig,
+		// difficulty is nil
+	}
+
+	db := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
+	genesisBlock, err := genesis.Commit(db)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if genesis.Difficulty != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("assumption wrong")
+	}
+
+	// This value should have been set as default in the ToBlock method.
+	if genesisBlock.Difficulty().Cmp(params.GenesisDifficulty) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("assumption wrong: want: %d, got: %v", params.GenesisDifficulty, genesisBlock.Difficulty())
+	}
+
+	// Expect the stored total difficulty to be the difficulty of the genesis block.
+	stored := rawdb.ReadTd(db, genesisBlock.Hash(), genesisBlock.NumberU64())
+
+	if stored.Cmp(genesisBlock.Difficulty()) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("inequal difficulty; stored: %v, genesisBlock: %v", stored, genesisBlock.Difficulty())
+	}
+}

core/rawdb/accessors_chain.go

@@ -35,20 +35,15 @@ import (
 
 // ReadCanonicalHash retrieves the hash assigned to a canonical block number.
 func ReadCanonicalHash(db ethdb.Reader, number uint64) common.Hash {
-	data, _ := db.Ancient(freezerHashTable, number)
+	var data []byte
-	if len(data) == 0 {
+	db.ReadAncients(func(reader ethdb.AncientReader) error {
-		data, _ = db.Get(headerHashKey(number))
+		data, _ = reader.Ancient(freezerHashTable, number)
-		// In the background freezer is moving data from leveldb to flatten files.
-		// So during the first check for ancient db, the data is not yet in there,
-		// but when we reach into leveldb, the data was already moved. That would
-		// result in a not found error.
 		if len(data) == 0 {
-			data, _ = db.Ancient(freezerHashTable, number)
+			// Get it by hash from leveldb
+			data, _ = db.Get(headerHashKey(number))
 		}
-	}
+		return nil
-	if len(data) == 0 {
+	})
-		return common.Hash{}
-	}
 	return common.BytesToHash(data)
 }
 
@@ -304,32 +299,25 @@ func WriteFastTxLookupLimit(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, number uint64) {
 
 // ReadHeaderRLP retrieves a block header in its raw RLP database encoding.
 func ReadHeaderRLP(db ethdb.Reader, hash common.Hash, number uint64) rlp.RawValue {
-	// First try to look up the data in ancient database. Extra hash
+	var data []byte
-	// comparison is necessary since ancient database only maintains
+	db.ReadAncients(func(reader ethdb.AncientReader) error {
-	// the canonical data.
+		// First try to look up the data in ancient database. Extra hash
-	data, _ := db.Ancient(freezerHeaderTable, number)
+		// comparison is necessary since ancient database only maintains
-	if len(data) > 0 && crypto.Keccak256Hash(data) == hash {
+		// the canonical data.
-		return data
+		data, _ = reader.Ancient(freezerHeaderTable, number)
-	}
+		if len(data) > 0 && crypto.Keccak256Hash(data) == hash {
-	// Then try to look up the data in leveldb.
+			return nil
-	data, _ = db.Get(headerKey(number, hash))
+		}
-	if len(data) > 0 {
+		// If not, try reading from leveldb
-		return data
+		data, _ = db.Get(headerKey(number, hash))
-	}
+		return nil
-	// In the background freezer is moving data from leveldb to flatten files.
+	})
-	// So during the first check for ancient db, the data is not yet in there,
+	return data
-	// but when we reach into leveldb, the data was already moved. That would
-	// result in a not found error.
-	data, _ = db.Ancient(freezerHeaderTable, number)
-	if len(data) > 0 && crypto.Keccak256Hash(data) == hash {
-		return data
-	}
-	return nil // Can't find the data anywhere.
 }
 
 // HasHeader verifies the existence of a block header corresponding to the hash.
 func HasHeader(db ethdb.Reader, hash common.Hash, number uint64) bool {
-	if has, err := db.Ancient(freezerHashTable, number); err == nil && common.BytesToHash(has) == hash {
+	if isCanon(db, number, hash) {
 		return true
 	}
 	if has, err := db.Has(headerKey(number, hash)); !has || err != nil {
@@ -389,53 +377,48 @@ func deleteHeaderWithoutNumber(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, hash common.Hash, number
 	}
 }
 
+// isCanon is an internal utility method, to check whether the given number/hash
+// is part of the ancient (canon) set.
+func isCanon(reader ethdb.AncientReader, number uint64, hash common.Hash) bool {
+	h, err := reader.Ancient(freezerHashTable, number)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return bytes.Equal(h, hash[:])
+}
+
 // ReadBodyRLP retrieves the block body (transactions and uncles) in RLP encoding.
 func ReadBodyRLP(db ethdb.Reader, hash common.Hash, number uint64) rlp.RawValue {
 	// First try to look up the data in ancient database. Extra hash
 	// comparison is necessary since ancient database only maintains
 	// the canonical data.
-	data, _ := db.Ancient(freezerBodiesTable, number)
+	var data []byte
-	if len(data) > 0 {
+	db.ReadAncients(func(reader ethdb.AncientReader) error {
-		h, _ := db.Ancient(freezerHashTable, number)
+		// Check if the data is in ancients
-		if common.BytesToHash(h) == hash {
+		if isCanon(reader, number, hash) {
-			return data
+			data, _ = reader.Ancient(freezerBodiesTable, number)
+			return nil
 		}
-	}
+		// If not, try reading from leveldb
-	// Then try to look up the data in leveldb.
+		data, _ = db.Get(blockBodyKey(number, hash))
-	data, _ = db.Get(blockBodyKey(number, hash))
+		return nil
-	if len(data) > 0 {
+	})
-		return data
+	return data
-	}
-	// In the background freezer is moving data from leveldb to flatten files.
-	// So during the first check for ancient db, the data is not yet in there,
-	// but when we reach into leveldb, the data was already moved. That would
-	// result in a not found error.
-	data, _ = db.Ancient(freezerBodiesTable, number)
-	if len(data) > 0 {
-		h, _ := db.Ancient(freezerHashTable, number)
-		if common.BytesToHash(h) == hash {
-			return data
-		}
-	}
-	return nil // Can't find the data anywhere.
 }
 
 // ReadCanonicalBodyRLP retrieves the block body (transactions and uncles) for the canonical
 // block at number, in RLP encoding.
 func ReadCanonicalBodyRLP(db ethdb.Reader, number uint64) rlp.RawValue {
-	// If it's an ancient one, we don't need the canonical hash
+	var data []byte
-	data, _ := db.Ancient(freezerBodiesTable, number)
+	db.ReadAncients(func(reader ethdb.AncientReader) error {
-	if len(data) == 0 {
+		data, _ = reader.Ancient(freezerBodiesTable, number)
-		// Need to get the hash
+		if len(data) > 0 {
-		data, _ = db.Get(blockBodyKey(number, ReadCanonicalHash(db, number)))
+			return nil
-		// In the background freezer is moving data from leveldb to flatten files.
-		// So during the first check for ancient db, the data is not yet in there,
-		// but when we reach into leveldb, the data was already moved. That would
-		// result in a not found error.
-		if len(data) == 0 {
-			data, _ = db.Ancient(freezerBodiesTable, number)
 		}
-	}
+		// Get it by hash from leveldb
+		data, _ = db.Get(blockBodyKey(number, ReadCanonicalHash(db, number)))
+		return nil
+	})
 	return data
 }
 
@@ -448,7 +431,7 @@ func WriteBodyRLP(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, hash common.Hash, number uint64, rlp
 
 // HasBody verifies the existence of a block body corresponding to the hash.
 func HasBody(db ethdb.Reader, hash common.Hash, number uint64) bool {
-	if has, err := db.Ancient(freezerHashTable, number); err == nil && common.BytesToHash(has) == hash {
+	if isCanon(db, number, hash) {
 		return true
 	}
 	if has, err := db.Has(blockBodyKey(number, hash)); !has || err != nil {
@@ -489,33 +472,18 @@ func DeleteBody(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, hash common.Hash, number uint64) {
 
 // ReadTdRLP retrieves a block's total difficulty corresponding to the hash in RLP encoding.
 func ReadTdRLP(db ethdb.Reader, hash common.Hash, number uint64) rlp.RawValue {
-	// First try to look up the data in ancient database. Extra hash
+	var data []byte
-	// comparison is necessary since ancient database only maintains
+	db.ReadAncients(func(reader ethdb.AncientReader) error {
-	// the canonical data.
+		// Check if the data is in ancients
-	data, _ := db.Ancient(freezerDifficultyTable, number)
+		if isCanon(reader, number, hash) {
-	if len(data) > 0 {
+			data, _ = reader.Ancient(freezerDifficultyTable, number)
-		h, _ := db.Ancient(freezerHashTable, number)
+			return nil
-		if common.BytesToHash(h) == hash {
-			return data
 		}
-	}
+		// If not, try reading from leveldb
-	// Then try to look up the data in leveldb.
+		data, _ = db.Get(headerTDKey(number, hash))
-	data, _ = db.Get(headerTDKey(number, hash))
+		return nil
-	if len(data) > 0 {
+	})
-		return data
+	return data
-	}
-	// In the background freezer is moving data from leveldb to flatten files.
-	// So during the first check for ancient db, the data is not yet in there,
-	// but when we reach into leveldb, the data was already moved. That would
-	// result in a not found error.
-	data, _ = db.Ancient(freezerDifficultyTable, number)
-	if len(data) > 0 {
-		h, _ := db.Ancient(freezerHashTable, number)
-		if common.BytesToHash(h) == hash {
-			return data
-		}
-	}
-	return nil // Can't find the data anywhere.
 }
 
 // ReadTd retrieves a block's total difficulty corresponding to the hash.
@@ -553,7 +521,7 @@ func DeleteTd(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, hash common.Hash, number uint64) {
 // HasReceipts verifies the existence of all the transaction receipts belonging
 // to a block.
 func HasReceipts(db ethdb.Reader, hash common.Hash, number uint64) bool {
-	if has, err := db.Ancient(freezerHashTable, number); err == nil && common.BytesToHash(has) == hash {
+	if isCanon(db, number, hash) {
 		return true
 	}
 	if has, err := db.Has(blockReceiptsKey(number, hash)); !has || err != nil {
@@ -564,33 +532,18 @@ func HasReceipts(db ethdb.Reader, hash common.Hash, number uint64) bool {
 
 // ReadReceiptsRLP retrieves all the transaction receipts belonging to a block in RLP encoding.
 func ReadReceiptsRLP(db ethdb.Reader, hash common.Hash, number uint64) rlp.RawValue {
-	// First try to look up the data in ancient database. Extra hash
+	var data []byte
-	// comparison is necessary since ancient database only maintains
+	db.ReadAncients(func(reader ethdb.AncientReader) error {
-	// the canonical data.
+		// Check if the data is in ancients
-	data, _ := db.Ancient(freezerReceiptTable, number)
+		if isCanon(reader, number, hash) {
-	if len(data) > 0 {
+			data, _ = reader.Ancient(freezerReceiptTable, number)
-		h, _ := db.Ancient(freezerHashTable, number)
+			return nil
-		if common.BytesToHash(h) == hash {
-			return data
 		}
-	}
+		// If not, try reading from leveldb
-	// Then try to look up the data in leveldb.
+		data, _ = db.Get(blockReceiptsKey(number, hash))
-	data, _ = db.Get(blockReceiptsKey(number, hash))
+		return nil
-	if len(data) > 0 {
+	})
-		return data
+	return data
-	}
-	// In the background freezer is moving data from leveldb to flatten files.
-	// So during the first check for ancient db, the data is not yet in there,
-	// but when we reach into leveldb, the data was already moved. That would
-	// result in a not found error.
-	data, _ = db.Ancient(freezerReceiptTable, number)
-	if len(data) > 0 {
-		h, _ := db.Ancient(freezerHashTable, number)
-		if common.BytesToHash(h) == hash {
-			return data
-		}
-	}
-	return nil // Can't find the data anywhere.
 }
 
 // ReadRawReceipts retrieves all the transaction receipts belonging to a block.

core/rawdb/accessors_snapshot.go

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ func DeleteSnapshotDisabled(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter) {
 // ReadSnapshotRoot retrieves the root of the block whose state is contained in
 // the persisted snapshot.
 func ReadSnapshotRoot(db ethdb.KeyValueReader) common.Hash {
-	data, _ := db.Get(snapshotRootKey)
+	data, _ := db.Get(SnapshotRootKey)
 	if len(data) != common.HashLength {
 		return common.Hash{}
 	}
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ func ReadSnapshotRoot(db ethdb.KeyValueReader) common.Hash {
 // WriteSnapshotRoot stores the root of the block whose state is contained in
 // the persisted snapshot.
 func WriteSnapshotRoot(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, root common.Hash) {
-	if err := db.Put(snapshotRootKey, root[:]); err != nil {
+	if err := db.Put(SnapshotRootKey, root[:]); err != nil {
 		log.Crit("Failed to store snapshot root", "err", err)
 	}
 }
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ func WriteSnapshotRoot(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, root common.Hash) {
 // be used during updates, so a crash or failure will mark the entire snapshot
 // invalid.
 func DeleteSnapshotRoot(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter) {
-	if err := db.Delete(snapshotRootKey); err != nil {
+	if err := db.Delete(SnapshotRootKey); err != nil {
 		log.Crit("Failed to remove snapshot root", "err", err)
 	}
 }

core/rawdb/database.go

@@ -89,8 +89,8 @@ func (db *nofreezedb) Ancient(kind string, number uint64) ([]byte, error) {
 	return nil, errNotSupported
 }
 
-// ReadAncients returns an error as we don't have a backing chain freezer.
+// AncientRange returns an error as we don't have a backing chain freezer.
-func (db *nofreezedb) ReadAncients(kind string, start, max, maxByteSize uint64) ([][]byte, error) {
+func (db *nofreezedb) AncientRange(kind string, start, max, maxByteSize uint64) ([][]byte, error) {
 	return nil, errNotSupported
 }
 
@@ -119,6 +119,22 @@ func (db *nofreezedb) Sync() error {
 	return errNotSupported
 }
 
+func (db *nofreezedb) ReadAncients(fn func(reader ethdb.AncientReader) error) (err error) {
+	// Unlike other ancient-related methods, this method does not return
+	// errNotSupported when invoked.
+	// The reason for this is that the caller might want to do several things:
+	// 1. Check if something is in freezer,
+	// 2. If not, check leveldb.
+	//
+	// This will work, since the ancient-checks inside 'fn' will return errors,
+	// and the leveldb work will continue.
+	//
+	// If we instead were to return errNotSupported here, then the caller would
+	// have to explicitly check for that, having an extra clause to do the
+	// non-ancient operations.
+	return fn(db)
+}
+
 // NewDatabase creates a high level database on top of a given key-value data
 // store without a freezer moving immutable chain segments into cold storage.
 func NewDatabase(db ethdb.KeyValueStore) ethdb.Database {
@@ -355,7 +371,7 @@ func InspectDatabase(db ethdb.Database, keyPrefix, keyStart []byte) error {
 			accountSnaps.Add(size)
 		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, SnapshotStoragePrefix) && len(key) == (len(SnapshotStoragePrefix)+2*common.HashLength):
 			storageSnaps.Add(size)
-		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, preimagePrefix) && len(key) == (len(preimagePrefix)+common.HashLength):
+		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, PreimagePrefix) && len(key) == (len(PreimagePrefix)+common.HashLength):
 			preimages.Add(size)
 		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, configPrefix) && len(key) == (len(configPrefix)+common.HashLength):
 			metadata.Add(size)
@@ -377,7 +393,7 @@ func InspectDatabase(db ethdb.Database, keyPrefix, keyStart []byte) error {
 			var accounted bool
 			for _, meta := range [][]byte{
 				databaseVersionKey, headHeaderKey, headBlockKey, headFastBlockKey, lastPivotKey,
-				fastTrieProgressKey, snapshotDisabledKey, snapshotRootKey, snapshotJournalKey,
+				fastTrieProgressKey, snapshotDisabledKey, SnapshotRootKey, snapshotJournalKey,
 				snapshotGeneratorKey, snapshotRecoveryKey, txIndexTailKey, fastTxLookupLimitKey,
 				uncleanShutdownKey, badBlockKey,
 			} {

core/rawdb/freezer.go

@@ -80,8 +80,9 @@ type freezer struct {
 	frozen    uint64 // Number of blocks already frozen
 	threshold uint64 // Number of recent blocks not to freeze (params.FullImmutabilityThreshold apart from tests)
 
-	// This lock synchronizes writers and the truncate operation.
+	// This lock synchronizes writers and the truncate operation, as well as
-	writeLock  sync.Mutex
+	// the "atomic" (batched) read operations.
+	writeLock  sync.RWMutex
 	writeBatch *freezerBatch
 
 	readonly     bool
@@ -201,12 +202,12 @@ func (f *freezer) Ancient(kind string, number uint64) ([]byte, error) {
 	return nil, errUnknownTable
 }
 
-// ReadAncients retrieves multiple items in sequence, starting from the index 'start'.
+// AncientRange retrieves multiple items in sequence, starting from the index 'start'.
 // It will return
 //  - at most 'max' items,
 //  - at least 1 item (even if exceeding the maxByteSize), but will otherwise
 //   return as many items as fit into maxByteSize.
-func (f *freezer) ReadAncients(kind string, start, count, maxBytes uint64) ([][]byte, error) {
+func (f *freezer) AncientRange(kind string, start, count, maxBytes uint64) ([][]byte, error) {
 	if table := f.tables[kind]; table != nil {
 		return table.RetrieveItems(start, count, maxBytes)
 	}
@@ -222,8 +223,8 @@ func (f *freezer) Ancients() (uint64, error) {
 func (f *freezer) AncientSize(kind string) (uint64, error) {
 	// This needs the write lock to avoid data races on table fields.
 	// Speed doesn't matter here, AncientSize is for debugging.
-	f.writeLock.Lock()
+	f.writeLock.RLock()
-	defer f.writeLock.Unlock()
+	defer f.writeLock.RUnlock()
 
 	if table := f.tables[kind]; table != nil {
 		return table.size()
@@ -231,6 +232,14 @@ func (f *freezer) AncientSize(kind string) (uint64, error) {
 	return 0, errUnknownTable
 }
 
+// ReadAncients runs the given read operation while ensuring that no writes take place
+// on the underlying freezer.
+func (f *freezer) ReadAncients(fn func(ethdb.AncientReader) error) (err error) {
+	f.writeLock.RLock()
+	defer f.writeLock.RUnlock()
+	return fn(f)
+}
+
 // ModifyAncients runs the given write operation.
 func (f *freezer) ModifyAncients(fn func(ethdb.AncientWriteOp) error) (writeSize int64, err error) {
 	if f.readonly {

core/rawdb/schema.go

@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ var (
 	// snapshotDisabledKey flags that the snapshot should not be maintained due to initial sync.
 	snapshotDisabledKey = []byte("SnapshotDisabled")
 
-	// snapshotRootKey tracks the hash of the last snapshot.
+	// SnapshotRootKey tracks the hash of the last snapshot.
-	snapshotRootKey = []byte("SnapshotRoot")
+	SnapshotRootKey = []byte("SnapshotRoot")
 
 	// snapshotJournalKey tracks the in-memory diff layers across restarts.
 	snapshotJournalKey = []byte("SnapshotJournal")
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ var (
 	SnapshotStoragePrefix = []byte("o") // SnapshotStoragePrefix + account hash + storage hash -> storage trie value
 	CodePrefix            = []byte("c") // CodePrefix + code hash -> account code
 
-	preimagePrefix = []byte("secure-key-")      // preimagePrefix + hash -> preimage
+	PreimagePrefix = []byte("secure-key-")      // PreimagePrefix + hash -> preimage
 	configPrefix   = []byte("ethereum-config-") // config prefix for the db
 
 	// Chain index prefixes (use `i` + single byte to avoid mixing data types).
@@ -207,9 +207,9 @@ func bloomBitsKey(bit uint, section uint64, hash common.Hash) []byte {
 	return key
 }
 
-// preimageKey = preimagePrefix + hash
+// preimageKey = PreimagePrefix + hash
 func preimageKey(hash common.Hash) []byte {
-	return append(preimagePrefix, hash.Bytes()...)
+	return append(PreimagePrefix, hash.Bytes()...)
 }
 
 // codeKey = CodePrefix + hash

core/rawdb/table.go

@@ -62,10 +62,10 @@ func (t *table) Ancient(kind string, number uint64) ([]byte, error) {
 	return t.db.Ancient(kind, number)
 }
 
-// ReadAncients is a noop passthrough that just forwards the request to the underlying
+// AncientRange is a noop passthrough that just forwards the request to the underlying
 // database.
-func (t *table) ReadAncients(kind string, start, count, maxBytes uint64) ([][]byte, error) {
+func (t *table) AncientRange(kind string, start, count, maxBytes uint64) ([][]byte, error) {
-	return t.db.ReadAncients(kind, start, count, maxBytes)
+	return t.db.AncientRange(kind, start, count, maxBytes)
 }
 
 // Ancients is a noop passthrough that just forwards the request to the underlying
@@ -85,6 +85,10 @@ func (t *table) ModifyAncients(fn func(ethdb.AncientWriteOp) error) (int64, erro
 	return t.db.ModifyAncients(fn)
 }
 
+func (t *table) ReadAncients(fn func(reader ethdb.AncientReader) error) (err error) {
+	return t.db.ReadAncients(fn)
+}
+
 // TruncateAncients is a noop passthrough that just forwards the request to the underlying
 // database.
 func (t *table) TruncateAncients(items uint64) error {

core/rlp_test.go

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func getBlock(transactions int, uncles int, dataSize int) *types.Block {
 		// A sender who makes transactions, has some funds
 		key, _  = crypto.HexToECDSA("b71c71a67e1177ad4e901695e1b4b9ee17ae16c6668d313eac2f96dbcda3f291")
 		address = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey)
-		funds   = big.NewInt(1000000000000000)
+		funds   = big.NewInt(1_000_000_000_000_000_000)
 		gspec   = &Genesis{
 			Config: params.TestChainConfig,
 			Alloc:  GenesisAlloc{address: {Balance: funds}},

core/state/snapshot/difflayer_test.go

@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ func BenchmarkJournal(b *testing.B) {
 		}
 		return newDiffLayer(parent, common.Hash{}, destructs, accounts, storage)
 	}
-	layer := snapshot(new(diskLayer))
+	layer := snapshot(emptyLayer())
 	for i := 1; i < 128; i++ {
 		layer = fill(layer)
 	}

core/state/snapshot/generate.go

@@ -560,6 +560,12 @@ func (dl *diskLayer) generate(stats *generatorStats) {
 		default:
 		}
 		if batch.ValueSize() > ethdb.IdealBatchSize || abort != nil {
+			if bytes.Compare(currentLocation, dl.genMarker) < 0 {
+				log.Error("Snapshot generator went backwards",
+					"currentLocation", fmt.Sprintf("%x", currentLocation),
+					"genMarker", fmt.Sprintf("%x", dl.genMarker))
+			}
+
 			// Flush out the batch anyway no matter it's empty or not.
 			// It's possible that all the states are recovered and the
 			// generation indeed makes progress.
@@ -634,8 +640,14 @@ func (dl *diskLayer) generate(stats *generatorStats) {
 			stats.storage += common.StorageSize(1 + common.HashLength + dataLen)
 			stats.accounts++
 		}
+		marker := accountHash[:]
+		// If the snap generation goes here after interrupted, genMarker may go backward
+		// when last genMarker is consisted of accountHash and storageHash
+		if accMarker != nil && bytes.Equal(marker, accMarker) && len(dl.genMarker) > common.HashLength {
+			marker = dl.genMarker[:]
+		}
 		// If we've exceeded our batch allowance or termination was requested, flush to disk
-		if err := checkAndFlush(accountHash[:]); err != nil {
+		if err := checkAndFlush(marker); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		// If the iterated account is the contract, create a further loop to

core/tx_list.go

@@ -295,9 +295,9 @@ func (l *txList) Add(tx *types.Transaction, priceBump uint64) (bool, *types.Tran
 		thresholdFeeCap := aFeeCap.Div(aFeeCap, b)
 		thresholdTip := aTip.Div(aTip, b)
 
-		// Have to ensure that either the new fee cap or tip is higher than the
+		// We have to ensure that both the new fee cap and tip are higher than the
 		// old ones as well as checking the percentage threshold to ensure that
-		// this is accurate for low (Wei-level) gas price replacements
+		// this is accurate for low (Wei-level) gas price replacements.
 		if tx.GasFeeCapIntCmp(thresholdFeeCap) < 0 || tx.GasTipCapIntCmp(thresholdTip) < 0 {
 			return false, nil
 		}

core/tx_list_test.go

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ func TestStrictTxListAdd(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func BenchmarkTxListAdd(t *testing.B) {
+func BenchmarkTxListAdd(b *testing.B) {
 	// Generate a list of transactions to insert
 	key, _ := crypto.GenerateKey()
 
@@ -60,11 +60,13 @@ func BenchmarkTxListAdd(t *testing.B) {
 		txs[i] = transaction(uint64(i), 0, key)
 	}
 	// Insert the transactions in a random order
-	list := newTxList(true)
 	priceLimit := big.NewInt(int64(DefaultTxPoolConfig.PriceLimit))
-	t.ResetTimer()
+	b.ResetTimer()
-	for _, v := range rand.Perm(len(txs)) {
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		list.Add(txs[v], DefaultTxPoolConfig.PriceBump)
+		list := newTxList(true)
-		list.Filter(priceLimit, DefaultTxPoolConfig.PriceBump)
+		for _, v := range rand.Perm(len(txs)) {
+			list.Add(txs[v], DefaultTxPoolConfig.PriceBump)
+			list.Filter(priceLimit, DefaultTxPoolConfig.PriceBump)
+		}
 	}
 }

core/tx_noncer.go

@@ -77,3 +77,11 @@ func (txn *txNoncer) setIfLower(addr common.Address, nonce uint64) {
 	}
 	txn.nonces[addr] = nonce
 }
+
+// setAll sets the nonces for all accounts to the given map.
+func (txn *txNoncer) setAll(all map[common.Address]uint64) {
+	txn.lock.Lock()
+	defer txn.lock.Unlock()
+
+	txn.nonces = all
+}

core/tx_pool.go

@@ -1182,16 +1182,18 @@ func (pool *TxPool) runReorg(done chan struct{}, reset *txpoolResetRequest, dirt
 			pendingBaseFee := misc.CalcBaseFee(pool.chainconfig, reset.newHead)
 			pool.priced.SetBaseFee(pendingBaseFee)
 		}
+		// Update all accounts to the latest known pending nonce
+		nonces := make(map[common.Address]uint64, len(pool.pending))
+		for addr, list := range pool.pending {
+			highestPending := list.LastElement()
+			nonces[addr] = highestPending.Nonce() + 1
+		}
+		pool.pendingNonces.setAll(nonces)
 	}
 	// Ensure pool.queue and pool.pending sizes stay within the configured limits.
 	pool.truncatePending()
 	pool.truncateQueue()
 
-	// Update all accounts to the latest known pending nonce
-	for addr, list := range pool.pending {
-		highestPending := list.LastElement()
-		pool.pendingNonces.set(addr, highestPending.Nonce()+1)
-	}
 	dropBetweenReorgHistogram.Update(int64(pool.changesSinceReorg))
 	pool.changesSinceReorg = 0 // Reset change counter
 	pool.mu.Unlock()

core/tx_pool_test.go

@@ -2540,3 +2540,24 @@ func BenchmarkInsertRemoteWithAllLocals(b *testing.B) {
 		pool.Stop()
 	}
 }
+
+// Benchmarks the speed of batch transaction insertion in case of multiple accounts.
+func BenchmarkPoolMultiAccountBatchInsert(b *testing.B) {
+	// Generate a batch of transactions to enqueue into the pool
+	pool, _ := setupTxPool()
+	defer pool.Stop()
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+	batches := make(types.Transactions, b.N)
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		key, _ := crypto.GenerateKey()
+		account := crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey)
+		pool.currentState.AddBalance(account, big.NewInt(1000000))
+		tx := transaction(uint64(0), 100000, key)
+		batches[i] = tx
+	}
+	// Benchmark importing the transactions into the queue
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for _, tx := range batches {
+		pool.AddRemotesSync([]*types.Transaction{tx})
+	}
+}

core/vm/evm.go

@@ -182,9 +182,14 @@ func (evm *EVM) Call(caller ContractRef, addr common.Address, input []byte, gas
 	if !evm.StateDB.Exist(addr) {
 		if !isPrecompile && evm.chainRules.IsEIP158 && value.Sign() == 0 {
 			// Calling a non existing account, don't do anything, but ping the tracer
-			if evm.Config.Debug && evm.depth == 0 {
+			if evm.Config.Debug {
-				evm.Config.Tracer.CaptureStart(evm, caller.Address(), addr, false, input, gas, value)
+				if evm.depth == 0 {
-				evm.Config.Tracer.CaptureEnd(ret, 0, 0, nil)
+					evm.Config.Tracer.CaptureStart(evm, caller.Address(), addr, false, input, gas, value)
+					evm.Config.Tracer.CaptureEnd(ret, 0, 0, nil)
+				} else {
+					evm.Config.Tracer.CaptureEnter(CALL, caller.Address(), addr, input, gas, value)
+					evm.Config.Tracer.CaptureExit(ret, 0, nil)
+				}
 			}
 			return nil, gas, nil
 		}

core/vm/interpreter.go

@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ import (
 
 // Config are the configuration options for the Interpreter
 type Config struct {
-	Debug                   bool   // Enables debugging
+	Debug                   bool      // Enables debugging
-	Tracer                  Tracer // Opcode logger
+	Tracer                  EVMLogger // Opcode logger
-	NoRecursion             bool   // Disables call, callcode, delegate call and create
+	NoRecursion             bool      // Disables call, callcode, delegate call and create
-	NoBaseFee               bool   // Forces the EIP-1559 baseFee to 0 (needed for 0 price calls)
+	NoBaseFee               bool      // Forces the EIP-1559 baseFee to 0 (needed for 0 price calls)
-	EnablePreimageRecording bool   // Enables recording of SHA3/keccak preimages
+	EnablePreimageRecording bool      // Enables recording of SHA3/keccak preimages
 
 	JumpTable [256]*operation // EVM instruction table, automatically populated if unset
 
@@ -152,9 +152,9 @@ func (in *EVMInterpreter) Run(contract *Contract, input []byte, readOnly bool) (
 		pc   = uint64(0) // program counter
 		cost uint64
 		// copies used by tracer
-		pcCopy  uint64 // needed for the deferred Tracer
+		pcCopy  uint64 // needed for the deferred EVMLogger
-		gasCopy uint64 // for Tracer to log gas remaining before execution
+		gasCopy uint64 // for EVMLogger to log gas remaining before execution
-		logged  bool   // deferred Tracer should ignore already logged steps
+		logged  bool   // deferred EVMLogger should ignore already logged steps
 		res     []byte // result of the opcode execution function
 	)
 	// Don't move this deferrred function, it's placed before the capturestate-deferred method,

core/vm/logger.go

@@ -98,12 +98,12 @@ func (s *StructLog) ErrorString() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
-// Tracer is used to collect execution traces from an EVM transaction
+// EVMLogger is used to collect execution traces from an EVM transaction
 // execution. CaptureState is called for each step of the VM with the
 // current VM state.
 // Note that reference types are actual VM data structures; make copies
 // if you need to retain them beyond the current call.
-type Tracer interface {
+type EVMLogger interface {
 	CaptureStart(env *EVM, from common.Address, to common.Address, create bool, input []byte, gas uint64, value *big.Int)
 	CaptureState(env *EVM, pc uint64, op OpCode, gas, cost uint64, scope *ScopeContext, rData []byte, depth int, err error)
 	CaptureEnter(typ OpCode, from common.Address, to common.Address, input []byte, gas uint64, value *big.Int)
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ type Tracer interface {
 	CaptureEnd(output []byte, gasUsed uint64, t time.Duration, err error)
 }
 
-// StructLogger is an EVM state logger and implements Tracer.
+// StructLogger is an EVM state logger and implements EVMLogger.
 //
 // StructLogger can capture state based on the given Log configuration and also keeps
 // a track record of modified storage which is used in reporting snapshots of the
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ func (l *StructLogger) Reset() {
 	l.err = nil
 }
 
-// CaptureStart implements the Tracer interface to initialize the tracing operation.
+// CaptureStart implements the EVMLogger interface to initialize the tracing operation.
 func (l *StructLogger) CaptureStart(env *EVM, from common.Address, to common.Address, create bool, input []byte, gas uint64, value *big.Int) {
 }
 
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ func (l *StructLogger) CaptureState(env *EVM, pc uint64, op OpCode, gas, cost ui
 	l.logs = append(l.logs, log)
 }
 
-// CaptureFault implements the Tracer interface to trace an execution fault
+// CaptureFault implements the EVMLogger interface to trace an execution fault
 // while running an opcode.
 func (l *StructLogger) CaptureFault(env *EVM, pc uint64, op OpCode, gas, cost uint64, scope *ScopeContext, depth int, err error) {
 }

eth/api_backend.go

@@ -352,8 +352,8 @@ func (b *EthAPIBackend) StartMining(threads int) error {
 	return b.eth.StartMining(threads)
 }
 
-func (b *EthAPIBackend) StateAtBlock(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, reexec uint64, base *state.StateDB, checkLive bool) (*state.StateDB, error) {
+func (b *EthAPIBackend) StateAtBlock(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, reexec uint64, base *state.StateDB, checkLive, preferDisk bool) (*state.StateDB, error) {
-	return b.eth.stateAtBlock(block, reexec, base, checkLive)
+	return b.eth.stateAtBlock(block, reexec, base, checkLive, preferDisk)
 }
 
 func (b *EthAPIBackend) StateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec uint64) (core.Message, vm.BlockContext, *state.StateDB, error) {

eth/backend.go

@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ func New(stack *node.Node, config *ethconfig.Config) (*Ethereum, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	chainConfig, genesisHash, genesisErr := core.SetupGenesisBlockWithOverride(chainDb, config.Genesis, config.OverrideLondon)
+	chainConfig, genesisHash, genesisErr := core.SetupGenesisBlockWithOverride(chainDb, config.Genesis, config.OverrideArrowGlacier)
 	if _, ok := genesisErr.(*params.ConfigCompatError); genesisErr != nil && !ok {
 		return nil, genesisErr
 	}

eth/ethconfig/config.go

@@ -202,8 +202,8 @@ type Config struct {
 	// CheckpointOracle is the configuration for checkpoint oracle.
 	CheckpointOracle *params.CheckpointOracleConfig `toml:",omitempty"`
 
-	// Berlin block override (TODO: remove after the fork)
+	// Arrow Glacier block override (TODO: remove after the fork)
-	OverrideLondon *big.Int `toml:",omitempty"`
+	OverrideArrowGlacier *big.Int `toml:",omitempty"`
 }
 
 // CreateConsensusEngine creates a consensus engine for the given chain configuration.

eth/ethconfig/gen_config.go

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ func (c Config) MarshalTOML() (interface{}, error) {
 		RPCTxFeeCap             float64
 		Checkpoint              *params.TrustedCheckpoint      `toml:",omitempty"`
 		CheckpointOracle        *params.CheckpointOracleConfig `toml:",omitempty"`
-		OverrideLondon          *big.Int                       `toml:",omitempty"`
+		OverrideArrowGlacier    *big.Int                       `toml:",omitempty"`
 	}
 	var enc Config
 	enc.Genesis = c.Genesis
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ func (c Config) MarshalTOML() (interface{}, error) {
 	enc.RPCTxFeeCap = c.RPCTxFeeCap
 	enc.Checkpoint = c.Checkpoint
 	enc.CheckpointOracle = c.CheckpointOracle
-	enc.OverrideLondon = c.OverrideLondon
+	enc.OverrideArrowGlacier = c.OverrideArrowGlacier
 	return &enc, nil
 }
 
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ func (c *Config) UnmarshalTOML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 		RPCTxFeeCap             *float64
 		Checkpoint              *params.TrustedCheckpoint      `toml:",omitempty"`
 		CheckpointOracle        *params.CheckpointOracleConfig `toml:",omitempty"`
-		OverrideLondon          *big.Int                       `toml:",omitempty"`
+		OverrideArrowGlacier    *big.Int                       `toml:",omitempty"`
 	}
 	var dec Config
 	if err := unmarshal(&dec); err != nil {
@@ -280,8 +280,8 @@ func (c *Config) UnmarshalTOML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 	if dec.CheckpointOracle != nil {
 		c.CheckpointOracle = dec.CheckpointOracle
 	}
-	if dec.OverrideLondon != nil {
+	if dec.OverrideArrowGlacier != nil {
-		c.OverrideLondon = dec.OverrideLondon
+		c.OverrideArrowGlacier = dec.OverrideArrowGlacier
 	}
 	return nil
 }

eth/fetcher/block_fetcher.go

@@ -391,13 +391,14 @@ func (f *BlockFetcher) loop() {
 				blockAnnounceDOSMeter.Mark(1)
 				break
 			}
+			if notification.number == 0 {
+				break
+			}
 			// If we have a valid block number, check that it's potentially useful
-			if notification.number > 0 {
+			if dist := int64(notification.number) - int64(f.chainHeight()); dist < -maxUncleDist || dist > maxQueueDist {
-				if dist := int64(notification.number) - int64(f.chainHeight()); dist < -maxUncleDist || dist > maxQueueDist {
+				log.Debug("Peer discarded announcement", "peer", notification.origin, "number", notification.number, "hash", notification.hash, "distance", dist)
-					log.Debug("Peer discarded announcement", "peer", notification.origin, "number", notification.number, "hash", notification.hash, "distance", dist)
+				blockAnnounceDropMeter.Mark(1)
-					blockAnnounceDropMeter.Mark(1)
+				break
-					break
-				}
 			}
 			// All is well, schedule the announce if block's not yet downloading
 			if _, ok := f.fetching[notification.hash]; ok {

eth/fetcher/tx_fetcher.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ package fetcher
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	mrand "math/rand"
 	"sort"
@@ -277,29 +278,27 @@ func (f *TxFetcher) Enqueue(peer string, txs []*types.Transaction, direct bool)
 	)
 	errs := f.addTxs(txs)
 	for i, err := range errs {
-		if err != nil {
+		// Track the transaction hash if the price is too low for us.
-			// Track the transaction hash if the price is too low for us.
+		// Avoid re-request this transaction when we receive another
-			// Avoid re-request this transaction when we receive another
+		// announcement.
-			// announcement.
+		if errors.Is(err, core.ErrUnderpriced) || errors.Is(err, core.ErrReplaceUnderpriced) {
-			if err == core.ErrUnderpriced || err == core.ErrReplaceUnderpriced {
+			for f.underpriced.Cardinality() >= maxTxUnderpricedSetSize {
-				for f.underpriced.Cardinality() >= maxTxUnderpricedSetSize {
+				f.underpriced.Pop()
-					f.underpriced.Pop()
-				}
-				f.underpriced.Add(txs[i].Hash())
 			}
-			// Track a few interesting failure types
+			f.underpriced.Add(txs[i].Hash())
-			switch err {
+		}
-			case nil: // Noop, but need to handle to not count these
+		// Track a few interesting failure types
+		switch {
+		case err == nil: // Noop, but need to handle to not count these
 
-			case core.ErrAlreadyKnown:
+		case errors.Is(err, core.ErrAlreadyKnown):
-				duplicate++
+			duplicate++
 
-			case core.ErrUnderpriced, core.ErrReplaceUnderpriced:
+		case errors.Is(err, core.ErrUnderpriced) || errors.Is(err, core.ErrReplaceUnderpriced):
-				underpriced++
+			underpriced++
 
-			default:
+		default:
-				otherreject++
+			otherreject++
-			}
 		}
 		added = append(added, txs[i].Hash())
 	}

eth/filters/bench_test.go

@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ func BenchmarkBloomBits32k(b *testing.B) {
 const benchFilterCnt = 2000
 
 func benchmarkBloomBits(b *testing.B, sectionSize uint64) {
+	b.Skip("test disabled: this tests presume (and modify) an existing datadir.")
 	benchDataDir := node.DefaultDataDir() + "/geth/chaindata"
 	b.Log("Running bloombits benchmark   section size:", sectionSize)
 
@@ -155,6 +156,7 @@ func clearBloomBits(db ethdb.Database) {
 }
 
 func BenchmarkNoBloomBits(b *testing.B) {
+	b.Skip("test disabled: this tests presume (and modify) an existing datadir.")
 	benchDataDir := node.DefaultDataDir() + "/geth/chaindata"
 	b.Log("Running benchmark without bloombits")
 	db, err := rawdb.NewLevelDBDatabase(benchDataDir, 128, 1024, "", false)

eth/filters/filter_test.go

@@ -65,15 +65,19 @@ func BenchmarkFilters(b *testing.B) {
 		case 2403:
 			receipt := makeReceipt(addr1)
 			gen.AddUncheckedReceipt(receipt)
+			gen.AddUncheckedTx(types.NewTransaction(999, common.HexToAddress("0x999"), big.NewInt(999), 999, gen.BaseFee(), nil))
 		case 1034:
 			receipt := makeReceipt(addr2)
 			gen.AddUncheckedReceipt(receipt)
+			gen.AddUncheckedTx(types.NewTransaction(999, common.HexToAddress("0x999"), big.NewInt(999), 999, gen.BaseFee(), nil))
 		case 34:
 			receipt := makeReceipt(addr3)
 			gen.AddUncheckedReceipt(receipt)
+			gen.AddUncheckedTx(types.NewTransaction(999, common.HexToAddress("0x999"), big.NewInt(999), 999, gen.BaseFee(), nil))
 		case 99999:
 			receipt := makeReceipt(addr4)
 			gen.AddUncheckedReceipt(receipt)
+			gen.AddUncheckedTx(types.NewTransaction(999, common.HexToAddress("0x999"), big.NewInt(999), 999, gen.BaseFee(), nil))
 
 		}
 	})

eth/gasprice/gasprice_test.go

@@ -107,10 +107,13 @@ func newTestBackend(t *testing.T, londonBlock *big.Int, pending bool) *testBacke
 		signer = types.LatestSigner(gspec.Config)
 	)
 	config.LondonBlock = londonBlock
+	config.ArrowGlacierBlock = londonBlock
 	engine := ethash.NewFaker()
 	db := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
-	genesis, _ := gspec.Commit(db)
+	genesis, err := gspec.Commit(db)
-
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
 	// Generate testing blocks
 	blocks, _ := core.GenerateChain(gspec.Config, genesis, engine, db, testHead+1, func(i int, b *core.BlockGen) {
 		b.SetCoinbase(common.Address{1})

eth/state_accessor.go

@@ -35,7 +35,17 @@ import (
 // are attempted to be reexecuted to generate the desired state. The optional
 // base layer statedb can be passed then it's regarded as the statedb of the
 // parent block.
-func (eth *Ethereum) stateAtBlock(block *types.Block, reexec uint64, base *state.StateDB, checkLive bool) (statedb *state.StateDB, err error) {
+// Parameters:
+// - block: The block for which we want the state (== state at the stateRoot of the parent)
+// - reexec: The maximum number of blocks to reprocess trying to obtain the desired state
+// - base: If the caller is tracing multiple blocks, the caller can provide the parent state
+//         continuously from the callsite.
+// - checklive: if true, then the live 'blockchain' state database is used. If the caller want to
+//        perform Commit or other 'save-to-disk' changes, this should be set to false to avoid
+//        storing trash persistently
+// - preferDisk: this arg can be used by the caller to signal that even though the 'base' is provided,
+//        it would be preferrable to start from a fresh state, if we have it on disk.
+func (eth *Ethereum) stateAtBlock(block *types.Block, reexec uint64, base *state.StateDB, checkLive bool, preferDisk bool) (statedb *state.StateDB, err error) {
 	var (
 		current  *types.Block
 		database state.Database
@@ -50,6 +60,15 @@ func (eth *Ethereum) stateAtBlock(block *types.Block, reexec uint64, base *state
 		}
 	}
 	if base != nil {
+		if preferDisk {
+			// Create an ephemeral trie.Database for isolating the live one. Otherwise
+			// the internal junks created by tracing will be persisted into the disk.
+			database = state.NewDatabaseWithConfig(eth.chainDb, &trie.Config{Cache: 16})
+			if statedb, err = state.New(block.Root(), database, nil); err == nil {
+				log.Info("Found disk backend for state trie", "root", block.Root(), "number", block.Number())
+				return statedb, nil
+			}
+		}
 		// The optional base statedb is given, mark the start point as parent block
 		statedb, database, report = base, base.Database(), false
 		current = eth.blockchain.GetBlock(block.ParentHash(), block.NumberU64()-1)
@@ -152,7 +171,7 @@ func (eth *Ethereum) stateAtTransaction(block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec
 	}
 	// Lookup the statedb of parent block from the live database,
 	// otherwise regenerate it on the flight.
-	statedb, err := eth.stateAtBlock(parent, reexec, nil, true)
+	statedb, err := eth.stateAtBlock(parent, reexec, nil, true, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, vm.BlockContext{}, nil, err
 	}

eth/tracers/api.go

@@ -53,6 +53,13 @@ const (
 	// and reexecute to produce missing historical state necessary to run a specific
 	// trace.
 	defaultTraceReexec = uint64(128)
+
+	// defaultTracechainMemLimit is the size of the triedb, at which traceChain
+	// switches over and tries to use a disk-backed database instead of building
+	// on top of memory.
+	// For non-archive nodes, this limit _will_ be overblown, as disk-backed tries
+	// will only be found every ~15K blocks or so.
+	defaultTracechainMemLimit = common.StorageSize(500 * 1024 * 1024)
 )
 
 // Backend interface provides the common API services (that are provided by
@@ -67,7 +74,10 @@ type Backend interface {
 	ChainConfig() *params.ChainConfig
 	Engine() consensus.Engine
 	ChainDb() ethdb.Database
-	StateAtBlock(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, reexec uint64, base *state.StateDB, checkLive bool) (*state.StateDB, error)
+	// StateAtBlock returns the state corresponding to the stateroot of the block.
+	// N.B: For executing transactions on block N, the required stateRoot is block N-1,
+	// so this method should be called with the parent.
+	StateAtBlock(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, reexec uint64, base *state.StateDB, checkLive, preferDisk bool) (*state.StateDB, error)
 	StateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec uint64) (core.Message, vm.BlockContext, *state.StateDB, error)
 }
 
@@ -320,6 +330,7 @@ func (api *API) traceChain(ctx context.Context, start, end *types.Block, config
 			}
 			close(results)
 		}()
+		var preferDisk bool
 		// Feed all the blocks both into the tracer, as well as fast process concurrently
 		for number = start.NumberU64(); number < end.NumberU64(); number++ {
 			// Stop tracing if interruption was requested
@@ -349,18 +360,24 @@ func (api *API) traceChain(ctx context.Context, start, end *types.Block, config
 			}
 			// Prepare the statedb for tracing. Don't use the live database for
 			// tracing to avoid persisting state junks into the database.
-			statedb, err = api.backend.StateAtBlock(localctx, block, reexec, statedb, false)
+			statedb, err = api.backend.StateAtBlock(localctx, block, reexec, statedb, false, preferDisk)
 			if err != nil {
 				failed = err
 				break
 			}
-			if statedb.Database().TrieDB() != nil {
+			if trieDb := statedb.Database().TrieDB(); trieDb != nil {
 				// Hold the reference for tracer, will be released at the final stage
-				statedb.Database().TrieDB().Reference(block.Root(), common.Hash{})
+				trieDb.Reference(block.Root(), common.Hash{})
 
 				// Release the parent state because it's already held by the tracer
 				if parent != (common.Hash{}) {
-					statedb.Database().TrieDB().Dereference(parent)
+					trieDb.Dereference(parent)
+				}
+				// Prefer disk if the trie db memory grows too much
+				s1, s2 := trieDb.Size()
+				if !preferDisk && (s1+s2) > defaultTracechainMemLimit {
+					log.Info("Switching to prefer-disk mode for tracing", "size", s1+s2)
+					preferDisk = true
 				}
 			}
 			parent = block.Root()
@@ -496,7 +513,7 @@ func (api *API) IntermediateRoots(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash, config
 	if config != nil && config.Reexec != nil {
 		reexec = *config.Reexec
 	}
-	statedb, err := api.backend.StateAtBlock(ctx, parent, reexec, nil, true)
+	statedb, err := api.backend.StateAtBlock(ctx, parent, reexec, nil, true, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -557,7 +574,7 @@ func (api *API) traceBlock(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, config *Trac
 	if config != nil && config.Reexec != nil {
 		reexec = *config.Reexec
 	}
-	statedb, err := api.backend.StateAtBlock(ctx, parent, reexec, nil, true)
+	statedb, err := api.backend.StateAtBlock(ctx, parent, reexec, nil, true, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -646,7 +663,7 @@ func (api *API) standardTraceBlockToFile(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block
 	if config != nil && config.Reexec != nil {
 		reexec = *config.Reexec
 	}
-	statedb, err := api.backend.StateAtBlock(ctx, parent, reexec, nil, true)
+	statedb, err := api.backend.StateAtBlock(ctx, parent, reexec, nil, true, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -810,7 +827,7 @@ func (api *API) TraceCall(ctx context.Context, args ethapi.TransactionArgs, bloc
 	if config != nil && config.Reexec != nil {
 		reexec = *config.Reexec
 	}
-	statedb, err := api.backend.StateAtBlock(ctx, block, reexec, nil, true)
+	statedb, err := api.backend.StateAtBlock(ctx, block, reexec, nil, true, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -845,12 +862,14 @@ func (api *API) TraceCall(ctx context.Context, args ethapi.TransactionArgs, bloc
 func (api *API) traceTx(ctx context.Context, message core.Message, txctx *Context, vmctx vm.BlockContext, statedb *state.StateDB, config *TraceConfig) (interface{}, error) {
 	// Assemble the structured logger or the JavaScript tracer
 	var (
-		tracer    vm.Tracer
+		tracer    vm.EVMLogger
 		err       error
 		txContext = core.NewEVMTxContext(message)
 	)
 	switch {
-	case config != nil && config.Tracer != nil:
+	case config == nil:
+		tracer = vm.NewStructLogger(nil)
+	case config.Tracer != nil:
 		// Define a meaningful timeout of a single transaction trace
 		timeout := defaultTraceTimeout
 		if config.Timeout != nil {
@@ -858,23 +877,19 @@ func (api *API) traceTx(ctx context.Context, message core.Message, txctx *Contex
 				return nil, err
 			}
 		}
-		// Constuct the JavaScript tracer to execute with
+		if t, err := New(*config.Tracer, txctx); err != nil {
-		if tracer, err = New(*config.Tracer, txctx); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
+		} else {
+			deadlineCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, timeout)
+			go func() {
+				<-deadlineCtx.Done()
+				if errors.Is(deadlineCtx.Err(), context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+					t.Stop(errors.New("execution timeout"))
+				}
+			}()
+			defer cancel()
+			tracer = t
 		}
-		// Handle timeouts and RPC cancellations
-		deadlineCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, timeout)
-		go func() {
-			<-deadlineCtx.Done()
-			if deadlineCtx.Err() == context.DeadlineExceeded {
-				tracer.(*Tracer).Stop(errors.New("execution timeout"))
-			}
-		}()
-		defer cancel()
-
-	case config == nil:
-		tracer = vm.NewStructLogger(nil)
-
 	default:
 		tracer = vm.NewStructLogger(config.LogConfig)
 	}
@@ -904,7 +919,7 @@ func (api *API) traceTx(ctx context.Context, message core.Message, txctx *Contex
 			StructLogs:  ethapi.FormatLogs(tracer.StructLogs()),
 		}, nil
 
-	case *Tracer:
+	case Tracer:
 		return tracer.GetResult()
 
 	default:

eth/tracers/api_test.go

@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ func (b *testBackend) ChainDb() ethdb.Database {
 	return b.chaindb
 }
 
-func (b *testBackend) StateAtBlock(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, reexec uint64, base *state.StateDB, checkLive bool) (*state.StateDB, error) {
+func (b *testBackend) StateAtBlock(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, reexec uint64, base *state.StateDB, checkLive bool, preferDisk bool) (*state.StateDB, error) {
 	statedb, err := b.chain.StateAt(block.Root())
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errStateNotFound
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ func TestOverriddenTraceCall(t *testing.T) {
 		tx, _ := types.SignTx(types.NewTransaction(uint64(i), accounts[1].addr, big.NewInt(1000), params.TxGas, b.BaseFee(), nil), signer, accounts[0].key)
 		b.AddTx(tx)
 	}))
-	randomAccounts, tracer := newAccounts(3), "callTracer"
+	randomAccounts, tracer := newAccounts(3), "callTracerJs"
 
 	var testSuite = []struct {
 		blockNumber rpc.BlockNumber

eth/tracers/native/call.go

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package native
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"math/big"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/tracers"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	tracers.RegisterNativeTracer("callTracer", NewCallTracer)
+}
+
+type callFrame struct {
+	Type    string      `json:"type"`
+	From    string      `json:"from"`
+	To      string      `json:"to,omitempty"`
+	Value   string      `json:"value,omitempty"`
+	Gas     string      `json:"gas"`
+	GasUsed string      `json:"gasUsed"`
+	Input   string      `json:"input"`
+	Output  string      `json:"output,omitempty"`
+	Error   string      `json:"error,omitempty"`
+	Calls   []callFrame `json:"calls,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type callTracer struct {
+	callstack []callFrame
+	interrupt uint32 // Atomic flag to signal execution interruption
+	reason    error  // Textual reason for the interruption
+}
+
+// NewCallTracer returns a native go tracer which tracks
+// call frames of a tx, and implements vm.EVMLogger.
+func NewCallTracer() tracers.Tracer {
+	// First callframe contains tx context info
+	// and is populated on start and end.
+	t := &callTracer{callstack: make([]callFrame, 1)}
+	return t
+}
+
+func (t *callTracer) CaptureStart(env *vm.EVM, from common.Address, to common.Address, create bool, input []byte, gas uint64, value *big.Int) {
+	t.callstack[0] = callFrame{
+		Type:  "CALL",
+		From:  addrToHex(from),
+		To:    addrToHex(to),
+		Input: bytesToHex(input),
+		Gas:   uintToHex(gas),
+		Value: bigToHex(value),
+	}
+	if create {
+		t.callstack[0].Type = "CREATE"
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *callTracer) CaptureEnd(output []byte, gasUsed uint64, _ time.Duration, err error) {
+	t.callstack[0].GasUsed = uintToHex(gasUsed)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.callstack[0].Error = err.Error()
+		if err.Error() == "execution reverted" && len(output) > 0 {
+			t.callstack[0].Output = bytesToHex(output)
+		}
+	} else {
+		t.callstack[0].Output = bytesToHex(output)
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *callTracer) CaptureState(env *vm.EVM, pc uint64, op vm.OpCode, gas, cost uint64, scope *vm.ScopeContext, rData []byte, depth int, err error) {
+}
+
+func (t *callTracer) CaptureFault(env *vm.EVM, pc uint64, op vm.OpCode, gas, cost uint64, _ *vm.ScopeContext, depth int, err error) {
+}
+
+func (t *callTracer) CaptureEnter(typ vm.OpCode, from common.Address, to common.Address, input []byte, gas uint64, value *big.Int) {
+	// Skip if tracing was interrupted
+	if atomic.LoadUint32(&t.interrupt) > 0 {
+		// TODO: env.Cancel()
+		return
+	}
+
+	call := callFrame{
+		Type:  typ.String(),
+		From:  addrToHex(from),
+		To:    addrToHex(to),
+		Input: bytesToHex(input),
+		Gas:   uintToHex(gas),
+		Value: bigToHex(value),
+	}
+	t.callstack = append(t.callstack, call)
+}
+
+func (t *callTracer) CaptureExit(output []byte, gasUsed uint64, err error) {
+	size := len(t.callstack)
+	if size <= 1 {
+		return
+	}
+	// pop call
+	call := t.callstack[size-1]
+	t.callstack = t.callstack[:size-1]
+	size -= 1
+
+	call.GasUsed = uintToHex(gasUsed)
+	if err == nil {
+		call.Output = bytesToHex(output)
+	} else {
+		call.Error = err.Error()
+		if call.Type == "CREATE" || call.Type == "CREATE2" {
+			call.To = ""
+		}
+	}
+	t.callstack[size-1].Calls = append(t.callstack[size-1].Calls, call)
+}
+
+func (t *callTracer) GetResult() (json.RawMessage, error) {
+	if len(t.callstack) != 1 {
+		return nil, errors.New("incorrect number of top-level calls")
+	}
+	res, err := json.Marshal(t.callstack[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return json.RawMessage(res), t.reason
+}
+
+func (t *callTracer) Stop(err error) {
+	t.reason = err
+	atomic.StoreUint32(&t.interrupt, 1)
+}
+
+func bytesToHex(s []byte) string {
+	return "0x" + common.Bytes2Hex(s)
+}
+
+func bigToHex(n *big.Int) string {
+	if n == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return "0x" + n.Text(16)
+}
+
+func uintToHex(n uint64) string {
+	return "0x" + strconv.FormatUint(n, 16)
+}
+
+func addrToHex(a common.Address) string {
+	return strings.ToLower(a.Hex())
+}

eth/tracers/native/noop.go

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package native
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"math/big"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/tracers"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	tracers.RegisterNativeTracer("noopTracerNative", NewNoopTracer)
+}
+
+type noopTracer struct{}
+
+func NewNoopTracer() tracers.Tracer {
+	return &noopTracer{}
+}
+
+func (t *noopTracer) CaptureStart(env *vm.EVM, from common.Address, to common.Address, create bool, input []byte, gas uint64, value *big.Int) {
+}
+
+func (t *noopTracer) CaptureEnd(output []byte, gasUsed uint64, _ time.Duration, err error) {
+}
+
+func (t *noopTracer) CaptureState(env *vm.EVM, pc uint64, op vm.OpCode, gas, cost uint64, scope *vm.ScopeContext, rData []byte, depth int, err error) {
+}
+
+func (t *noopTracer) CaptureFault(env *vm.EVM, pc uint64, op vm.OpCode, gas, cost uint64, _ *vm.ScopeContext, depth int, err error) {
+}
+
+func (t *noopTracer) CaptureEnter(typ vm.OpCode, from common.Address, to common.Address, input []byte, gas uint64, value *big.Int) {
+}
+
+func (t *noopTracer) CaptureExit(output []byte, gasUsed uint64, err error) {
+}
+
+func (t *noopTracer) GetResult() (json.RawMessage, error) {
+	return json.RawMessage(`{}`), nil
+}
+
+func (t *noopTracer) Stop(err error) {
+}

eth/tracers/testing/calltrace_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+package testing
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"math/big"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"unicode"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/tracers"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/tests"
+
+	// Force-load the native, to trigger registration
+	_ "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/tracers/native"
+)
+
+type callContext struct {
+	Number     math.HexOrDecimal64   `json:"number"`
+	Difficulty *math.HexOrDecimal256 `json:"difficulty"`
+	Time       math.HexOrDecimal64   `json:"timestamp"`
+	GasLimit   math.HexOrDecimal64   `json:"gasLimit"`
+	Miner      common.Address        `json:"miner"`
+}
+
+// callTrace is the result of a callTracer run.
+type callTrace struct {
+	Type    string          `json:"type"`
+	From    common.Address  `json:"from"`
+	To      common.Address  `json:"to"`
+	Input   hexutil.Bytes   `json:"input"`
+	Output  hexutil.Bytes   `json:"output"`
+	Gas     *hexutil.Uint64 `json:"gas,omitempty"`
+	GasUsed *hexutil.Uint64 `json:"gasUsed,omitempty"`
+	Value   *hexutil.Big    `json:"value,omitempty"`
+	Error   string          `json:"error,omitempty"`
+	Calls   []callTrace     `json:"calls,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// callTracerTest defines a single test to check the call tracer against.
+type callTracerTest struct {
+	Genesis *core.Genesis `json:"genesis"`
+	Context *callContext  `json:"context"`
+	Input   string        `json:"input"`
+	Result  *callTrace    `json:"result"`
+}
+
+// Iterates over all the input-output datasets in the tracer test harness and
+// runs the JavaScript tracers against them.
+func TestCallTracerLegacy(t *testing.T) {
+	testCallTracer("callTracerLegacy", "call_tracer_legacy", t)
+}
+
+func TestCallTracerJs(t *testing.T) {
+	testCallTracer("callTracerJs", "call_tracer", t)
+}
+
+func TestCallTracerNative(t *testing.T) {
+	testCallTracer("callTracer", "call_tracer", t)
+}
+
+func testCallTracer(tracerName string, dirPath string, t *testing.T) {
+	files, err := ioutil.ReadDir(filepath.Join("..", "testdata", dirPath))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to retrieve tracer test suite: %v", err)
+	}
+	for _, file := range files {
+		if !strings.HasSuffix(file.Name(), ".json") {
+			continue
+		}
+		file := file // capture range variable
+		t.Run(camel(strings.TrimSuffix(file.Name(), ".json")), func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			var (
+				test = new(callTracerTest)
+				tx   = new(types.Transaction)
+			)
+			// Call tracer test found, read if from disk
+			if blob, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filepath.Join("..", "testdata", dirPath, file.Name())); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("failed to read testcase: %v", err)
+			} else if err := json.Unmarshal(blob, test); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("failed to parse testcase: %v", err)
+			}
+			if err := rlp.DecodeBytes(common.FromHex(test.Input), tx); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("failed to parse testcase input: %v", err)
+			}
+			// Configure a blockchain with the given prestate
+			var (
+				signer    = types.MakeSigner(test.Genesis.Config, new(big.Int).SetUint64(uint64(test.Context.Number)))
+				origin, _ = signer.Sender(tx)
+				txContext = vm.TxContext{
+					Origin:   origin,
+					GasPrice: tx.GasPrice(),
+				}
+				context = vm.BlockContext{
+					CanTransfer: core.CanTransfer,
+					Transfer:    core.Transfer,
+					Coinbase:    test.Context.Miner,
+					BlockNumber: new(big.Int).SetUint64(uint64(test.Context.Number)),
+					Time:        new(big.Int).SetUint64(uint64(test.Context.Time)),
+					Difficulty:  (*big.Int)(test.Context.Difficulty),
+					GasLimit:    uint64(test.Context.GasLimit),
+				}
+				_, statedb = tests.MakePreState(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), test.Genesis.Alloc, false)
+			)
+			tracer, err := tracers.New(tracerName, new(tracers.Context))
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("failed to create call tracer: %v", err)
+			}
+			evm := vm.NewEVM(context, txContext, statedb, test.Genesis.Config, vm.Config{Debug: true, Tracer: tracer})
+			msg, err := tx.AsMessage(signer, nil)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("failed to prepare transaction for tracing: %v", err)
+			}
+			st := core.NewStateTransition(evm, msg, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(tx.Gas()))
+			if _, err = st.TransitionDb(); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("failed to execute transaction: %v", err)
+			}
+			// Retrieve the trace result and compare against the etalon
+			res, err := tracer.GetResult()
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("failed to retrieve trace result: %v", err)
+			}
+			ret := new(callTrace)
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(res, ret); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal trace result: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			if !jsonEqual(ret, test.Result) {
+				// uncomment this for easier debugging
+				//have, _ := json.MarshalIndent(ret, "", " ")
+				//want, _ := json.MarshalIndent(test.Result, "", " ")
+				//t.Fatalf("trace mismatch: \nhave %+v\nwant %+v", string(have), string(want))
+				t.Fatalf("trace mismatch: \nhave %+v\nwant %+v", ret, test.Result)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// jsonEqual is similar to reflect.DeepEqual, but does a 'bounce' via json prior to
+// comparison
+func jsonEqual(x, y interface{}) bool {
+	xTrace := new(callTrace)
+	yTrace := new(callTrace)
+	if xj, err := json.Marshal(x); err == nil {
+		json.Unmarshal(xj, xTrace)
+	} else {
+		return false
+	}
+	if yj, err := json.Marshal(y); err == nil {
+		json.Unmarshal(yj, yTrace)
+	} else {
+		return false
+	}
+	return reflect.DeepEqual(xTrace, yTrace)
+}
+
+// camel converts a snake cased input string into a camel cased output.
+func camel(str string) string {
+	pieces := strings.Split(str, "_")
+	for i := 1; i < len(pieces); i++ {
+		pieces[i] = string(unicode.ToUpper(rune(pieces[i][0]))) + pieces[i][1:]
+	}
+	return strings.Join(pieces, "")
+}
+func BenchmarkTracers(b *testing.B) {
+	files, err := ioutil.ReadDir(filepath.Join("..", "testdata", "call_tracer"))
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatalf("failed to retrieve tracer test suite: %v", err)
+	}
+	for _, file := range files {
+		if !strings.HasSuffix(file.Name(), ".json") {
+			continue
+		}
+		file := file // capture range variable
+		b.Run(camel(strings.TrimSuffix(file.Name(), ".json")), func(b *testing.B) {
+			blob, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filepath.Join("..", "testdata", "call_tracer", file.Name()))
+			if err != nil {
+				b.Fatalf("failed to read testcase: %v", err)
+			}
+			test := new(callTracerTest)
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(blob, test); err != nil {
+				b.Fatalf("failed to parse testcase: %v", err)
+			}
+			benchTracer("callTracerNative", test, b)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func benchTracer(tracerName string, test *callTracerTest, b *testing.B) {
+	// Configure a blockchain with the given prestate
+	tx := new(types.Transaction)
+	if err := rlp.DecodeBytes(common.FromHex(test.Input), tx); err != nil {
+		b.Fatalf("failed to parse testcase input: %v", err)
+	}
+	signer := types.MakeSigner(test.Genesis.Config, new(big.Int).SetUint64(uint64(test.Context.Number)))
+	msg, err := tx.AsMessage(signer, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatalf("failed to prepare transaction for tracing: %v", err)
+	}
+	origin, _ := signer.Sender(tx)
+	txContext := vm.TxContext{
+		Origin:   origin,
+		GasPrice: tx.GasPrice(),
+	}
+	context := vm.BlockContext{
+		CanTransfer: core.CanTransfer,
+		Transfer:    core.Transfer,
+		Coinbase:    test.Context.Miner,
+		BlockNumber: new(big.Int).SetUint64(uint64(test.Context.Number)),
+		Time:        new(big.Int).SetUint64(uint64(test.Context.Time)),
+		Difficulty:  (*big.Int)(test.Context.Difficulty),
+		GasLimit:    uint64(test.Context.GasLimit),
+	}
+	_, statedb := tests.MakePreState(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), test.Genesis.Alloc, false)
+
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		tracer, err := tracers.New(tracerName, new(tracers.Context))
+		if err != nil {
+			b.Fatalf("failed to create call tracer: %v", err)
+		}
+		evm := vm.NewEVM(context, txContext, statedb, test.Genesis.Config, vm.Config{Debug: true, Tracer: tracer})
+		snap := statedb.Snapshot()
+		st := core.NewStateTransition(evm, msg, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(tx.Gas()))
+		if _, err = st.TransitionDb(); err != nil {
+			b.Fatalf("failed to execute transaction: %v", err)
+		}
+		if _, err = tracer.GetResult(); err != nil {
+			b.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		statedb.RevertToSnapshot(snap)
+	}
+}

eth/tracers/tracer.go

@@ -363,9 +363,9 @@ func (r *frameResult) pushObject(vm *duktape.Context) {
 	vm.PutPropString(obj, "getError")
 }
 
-// Tracer provides an implementation of Tracer that evaluates a Javascript
+// jsTracer provides an implementation of Tracer that evaluates a Javascript
 // function for each VM execution step.
-type Tracer struct {
+type jsTracer struct {
 	vm *duktape.Context // Javascript VM instance
 
 	tracerObject int // Stack index of the tracer JavaScript object
@@ -409,12 +409,8 @@ type Context struct {
 // New instantiates a new tracer instance. code specifies a Javascript snippet,
 // which must evaluate to an expression returning an object with 'step', 'fault'
 // and 'result' functions.
-func New(code string, ctx *Context) (*Tracer, error) {
+func newJsTracer(code string, ctx *Context) (*jsTracer, error) {
-	// Resolve any tracers by name and assemble the tracer object
+	tracer := &jsTracer{
-	if tracer, ok := tracer(code); ok {
-		code = tracer
-	}
-	tracer := &Tracer{
 		vm:              duktape.New(),
 		ctx:             make(map[string]interface{}),
 		opWrapper:       new(opWrapper),
@@ -553,17 +549,10 @@ func New(code string, ctx *Context) (*Tracer, error) {
 	tracer.vm.Pop()
 	hasExit := tracer.vm.GetPropString(tracer.tracerObject, "exit")
 	tracer.vm.Pop()
-
 	if hasEnter != hasExit {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("trace object must expose either both or none of enter() and exit()")
 	}
-	if !hasStep {
+	tracer.traceCallFrames = hasEnter && hasExit
-		// If there's no step function, the enter and exit must be present
-		if !hasEnter {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("trace object must expose either step() or both enter() and exit()")
-		}
-	}
-	tracer.traceCallFrames = hasEnter
 	tracer.traceSteps = hasStep
 
 	// Tracer is valid, inject the big int library to access large numbers
@@ -627,14 +616,14 @@ func New(code string, ctx *Context) (*Tracer, error) {
 }
 
 // Stop terminates execution of the tracer at the first opportune moment.
-func (jst *Tracer) Stop(err error) {
+func (jst *jsTracer) Stop(err error) {
 	jst.reason = err
 	atomic.StoreUint32(&jst.interrupt, 1)
 }
 
 // call executes a method on a JS object, catching any errors, formatting and
 // returning them as error objects.
-func (jst *Tracer) call(noret bool, method string, args ...string) (json.RawMessage, error) {
+func (jst *jsTracer) call(noret bool, method string, args ...string) (json.RawMessage, error) {
 	// Execute the JavaScript call and return any error
 	jst.vm.PushString(method)
 	for _, arg := range args {
@@ -670,7 +659,7 @@ func wrapError(context string, err error) error {
 }
 
 // CaptureStart implements the Tracer interface to initialize the tracing operation.
-func (jst *Tracer) CaptureStart(env *vm.EVM, from common.Address, to common.Address, create bool, input []byte, gas uint64, value *big.Int) {
+func (jst *jsTracer) CaptureStart(env *vm.EVM, from common.Address, to common.Address, create bool, input []byte, gas uint64, value *big.Int) {
 	jst.ctx["type"] = "CALL"
 	if create {
 		jst.ctx["type"] = "CREATE"
@@ -700,7 +689,7 @@ func (jst *Tracer) CaptureStart(env *vm.EVM, from common.Address, to common.Addr
 }
 
 // CaptureState implements the Tracer interface to trace a single step of VM execution.
-func (jst *Tracer) CaptureState(env *vm.EVM, pc uint64, op vm.OpCode, gas, cost uint64, scope *vm.ScopeContext, rData []byte, depth int, err error) {
+func (jst *jsTracer) CaptureState(env *vm.EVM, pc uint64, op vm.OpCode, gas, cost uint64, scope *vm.ScopeContext, rData []byte, depth int, err error) {
 	if !jst.traceSteps {
 		return
 	}
@@ -736,7 +725,7 @@ func (jst *Tracer) CaptureState(env *vm.EVM, pc uint64, op vm.OpCode, gas, cost
 }
 
 // CaptureFault implements the Tracer interface to trace an execution fault
-func (jst *Tracer) CaptureFault(env *vm.EVM, pc uint64, op vm.OpCode, gas, cost uint64, scope *vm.ScopeContext, depth int, err error) {
+func (jst *jsTracer) CaptureFault(env *vm.EVM, pc uint64, op vm.OpCode, gas, cost uint64, scope *vm.ScopeContext, depth int, err error) {
 	if jst.err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -750,7 +739,7 @@ func (jst *Tracer) CaptureFault(env *vm.EVM, pc uint64, op vm.OpCode, gas, cost
 }
 
 // CaptureEnd is called after the call finishes to finalize the tracing.
-func (jst *Tracer) CaptureEnd(output []byte, gasUsed uint64, t time.Duration, err error) {
+func (jst *jsTracer) CaptureEnd(output []byte, gasUsed uint64, t time.Duration, err error) {
 	jst.ctx["output"] = output
 	jst.ctx["time"] = t.String()
 	jst.ctx["gasUsed"] = gasUsed
@@ -761,7 +750,7 @@ func (jst *Tracer) CaptureEnd(output []byte, gasUsed uint64, t time.Duration, er
 }
 
 // CaptureEnter is called when EVM enters a new scope (via call, create or selfdestruct).
-func (jst *Tracer) CaptureEnter(typ vm.OpCode, from common.Address, to common.Address, input []byte, gas uint64, value *big.Int) {
+func (jst *jsTracer) CaptureEnter(typ vm.OpCode, from common.Address, to common.Address, input []byte, gas uint64, value *big.Int) {
 	if !jst.traceCallFrames {
 		return
 	}
@@ -791,7 +780,7 @@ func (jst *Tracer) CaptureEnter(typ vm.OpCode, from common.Address, to common.Ad
 
 // CaptureExit is called when EVM exits a scope, even if the scope didn't
 // execute any code.
-func (jst *Tracer) CaptureExit(output []byte, gasUsed uint64, err error) {
+func (jst *jsTracer) CaptureExit(output []byte, gasUsed uint64, err error) {
 	if !jst.traceCallFrames {
 		return
 	}
@@ -815,7 +804,7 @@ func (jst *Tracer) CaptureExit(output []byte, gasUsed uint64, err error) {
 }
 
 // GetResult calls the Javascript 'result' function and returns its value, or any accumulated error
-func (jst *Tracer) GetResult() (json.RawMessage, error) {
+func (jst *jsTracer) GetResult() (json.RawMessage, error) {
 	// Transform the context into a JavaScript object and inject into the state
 	obj := jst.vm.PushObject()
 
@@ -837,7 +826,7 @@ func (jst *Tracer) GetResult() (json.RawMessage, error) {
 }
 
 // addToObj pushes a field to a JS object.
-func (jst *Tracer) addToObj(obj int, key string, val interface{}) {
+func (jst *jsTracer) addToObj(obj int, key string, val interface{}) {
 	pushValue(jst.vm, val)
 	jst.vm.PutPropString(obj, key)
 }

eth/tracers/tracer_test.go

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ func testCtx() *vmContext {
 	return &vmContext{blockCtx: vm.BlockContext{BlockNumber: big.NewInt(1)}, txCtx: vm.TxContext{GasPrice: big.NewInt(100000)}}
 }
 
-func runTrace(tracer *Tracer, vmctx *vmContext, chaincfg *params.ChainConfig) (json.RawMessage, error) {
+func runTrace(tracer Tracer, vmctx *vmContext, chaincfg *params.ChainConfig) (json.RawMessage, error) {
 	env := vm.NewEVM(vmctx.blockCtx, vmctx.txCtx, &dummyStatedb{}, chaincfg, vm.Config{Debug: true, Tracer: tracer})
 	var (
 		startGas uint64 = 10000
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ func TestHaltBetweenSteps(t *testing.T) {
 // TestNoStepExec tests a regular value transfer (no exec), and accessing the statedb
 // in 'result'
 func TestNoStepExec(t *testing.T) {
-	runEmptyTrace := func(tracer *Tracer, vmctx *vmContext) (json.RawMessage, error) {
+	runEmptyTrace := func(tracer Tracer, vmctx *vmContext) (json.RawMessage, error) {
 		env := vm.NewEVM(vmctx.blockCtx, vmctx.txCtx, &dummyStatedb{}, params.TestChainConfig, vm.Config{Debug: true, Tracer: tracer})
 		startGas := uint64(10000)
 		contract := vm.NewContract(account{}, account{}, big.NewInt(0), startGas)

eth/tracers/tracers.go

@@ -18,14 +18,53 @@
 package tracers
 
 import (
+	"encoding/json"
 	"strings"
 	"unicode"
 
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/tracers/internal/tracers"
 )
 
-// all contains all the built in JavaScript tracers by name.
+// Tracer interface extends vm.EVMLogger and additionally
-var all = make(map[string]string)
+// allows collecting the tracing result.
+type Tracer interface {
+	vm.EVMLogger
+	GetResult() (json.RawMessage, error)
+	// Stop terminates execution of the tracer at the first opportune moment.
+	Stop(err error)
+}
+
+var (
+	nativeTracers map[string]func() Tracer = make(map[string]func() Tracer)
+	jsTracers                              = make(map[string]string)
+)
+
+// RegisterNativeTracer makes native tracers which adhere
+// to the `Tracer` interface available to the rest of the codebase.
+// It is typically invoked in the `init()` function, e.g. see the `native/call.go`.
+func RegisterNativeTracer(name string, ctor func() Tracer) {
+	nativeTracers[name] = ctor
+}
+
+// New returns a new instance of a tracer,
+// 1. If 'code' is the name of a registered native tracer, then that tracer
+//   is instantiated and returned
+// 2. If 'code' is the name of a registered js-tracer, then that tracer is
+//   instantiated and returned
+// 3. Otherwise, the code is interpreted as the js code of a js-tracer, and
+//   is evaluated and returned.
+func New(code string, ctx *Context) (Tracer, error) {
+	// Resolve native tracer
+	if fn, ok := nativeTracers[code]; ok {
+		return fn(), nil
+	}
+	// Resolve js-tracers by name and assemble the tracer object
+	if tracer, ok := jsTracers[code]; ok {
+		code = tracer
+	}
+	return newJsTracer(code, ctx)
+}
 
 // camel converts a snake cased input string into a camel cased output.
 func camel(str string) string {
@@ -40,14 +79,6 @@ func camel(str string) string {
 func init() {
 	for _, file := range tracers.AssetNames() {
 		name := camel(strings.TrimSuffix(file, ".js"))
-		all[name] = string(tracers.MustAsset(file))
+		jsTracers[name] = string(tracers.MustAsset(file))
 	}
 }
-
-// tracer retrieves a specific JavaScript tracer by name.
-func tracer(name string) (string, bool) {
-	if tracer, ok := all[name]; ok {
-		return tracer, true
-	}
-	return "", false
-}

eth/tracers/tracers_test.go

@@ -20,23 +20,18 @@ import (
 	"crypto/ecdsa"
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"math/big"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"reflect"
-	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/tests"
 )
 
@@ -104,20 +99,83 @@ type callTrace struct {
 	Calls   []callTrace     `json:"calls,omitempty"`
 }
 
-type callContext struct {
+// TestZeroValueToNotExitCall tests the calltracer(s) on the following:
-	Number     math.HexOrDecimal64   `json:"number"`
+// Tx to A, A calls B with zero value. B does not already exist.
-	Difficulty *math.HexOrDecimal256 `json:"difficulty"`
+// Expected: that enter/exit is invoked and the inner call is shown in the result
-	Time       math.HexOrDecimal64   `json:"timestamp"`
+func TestZeroValueToNotExitCall(t *testing.T) {
-	GasLimit   math.HexOrDecimal64   `json:"gasLimit"`
+	var to = common.HexToAddress("0x00000000000000000000000000000000deadbeef")
-	Miner      common.Address        `json:"miner"`
+	privkey, err := crypto.HexToECDSA("0000000000000000deadbeef00000000000000000000000000000000deadbeef")
-}
+	if err != nil {
-
+		t.Fatalf("err %v", err)
-// callTracerTest defines a single test to check the call tracer against.
+	}
-type callTracerTest struct {
+	signer := types.NewEIP155Signer(big.NewInt(1))
-	Genesis *core.Genesis `json:"genesis"`
+	tx, err := types.SignNewTx(privkey, signer, &types.LegacyTx{
-	Context *callContext  `json:"context"`
+		GasPrice: big.NewInt(0),
-	Input   string        `json:"input"`
+		Gas:      50000,
-	Result  *callTrace    `json:"result"`
+		To:       &to,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("err %v", err)
+	}
+	origin, _ := signer.Sender(tx)
+	txContext := vm.TxContext{
+		Origin:   origin,
+		GasPrice: big.NewInt(1),
+	}
+	context := vm.BlockContext{
+		CanTransfer: core.CanTransfer,
+		Transfer:    core.Transfer,
+		Coinbase:    common.Address{},
+		BlockNumber: new(big.Int).SetUint64(8000000),
+		Time:        new(big.Int).SetUint64(5),
+		Difficulty:  big.NewInt(0x30000),
+		GasLimit:    uint64(6000000),
+	}
+	var code = []byte{
+		byte(vm.PUSH1), 0x0, byte(vm.DUP1), byte(vm.DUP1), byte(vm.DUP1), // in and outs zero
+		byte(vm.DUP1), byte(vm.PUSH1), 0xff, byte(vm.GAS), // value=0,address=0xff, gas=GAS
+		byte(vm.CALL),
+	}
+	var alloc = core.GenesisAlloc{
+		to: core.GenesisAccount{
+			Nonce: 1,
+			Code:  code,
+		},
+		origin: core.GenesisAccount{
+			Nonce:   0,
+			Balance: big.NewInt(500000000000000),
+		},
+	}
+	_, statedb := tests.MakePreState(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), alloc, false)
+	// Create the tracer, the EVM environment and run it
+	tracer, err := New("callTracerJs", new(Context))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create call tracer: %v", err)
+	}
+	evm := vm.NewEVM(context, txContext, statedb, params.MainnetChainConfig, vm.Config{Debug: true, Tracer: tracer})
+	msg, err := tx.AsMessage(signer, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to prepare transaction for tracing: %v", err)
+	}
+	st := core.NewStateTransition(evm, msg, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(tx.Gas()))
+	if _, err = st.TransitionDb(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to execute transaction: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Retrieve the trace result and compare against the etalon
+	res, err := tracer.GetResult()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to retrieve trace result: %v", err)
+	}
+	have := new(callTrace)
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(res, have); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal trace result: %v", err)
+	}
+	wantStr := `{"type":"CALL","from":"0x682a80a6f560eec50d54e63cbeda1c324c5f8d1b","to":"0x00000000000000000000000000000000deadbeef","value":"0x0","gas":"0x7148","gasUsed":"0x2d0","input":"0x","output":"0x","calls":[{"type":"CALL","from":"0x00000000000000000000000000000000deadbeef","to":"0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000ff","value":"0x0","gas":"0x6cbf","gasUsed":"0x0","input":"0x","output":"0x"}]}`
+	want := new(callTrace)
+	json.Unmarshal([]byte(wantStr), want)
+	if !jsonEqual(have, want) {
+		t.Error("have != want")
+	}
 }
 
 func TestPrestateTracerCreate2(t *testing.T) {
@@ -201,96 +259,6 @@ func TestPrestateTracerCreate2(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// Iterates over all the input-output datasets in the tracer test harness and
-// runs the JavaScript tracers against them.
-func TestCallTracerLegacy(t *testing.T) {
-	testCallTracer("callTracerLegacy", "call_tracer_legacy", t)
-}
-
-func testCallTracer(tracer string, dirPath string, t *testing.T) {
-	files, err := ioutil.ReadDir(filepath.Join("testdata", dirPath))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to retrieve tracer test suite: %v", err)
-	}
-	for _, file := range files {
-		if !strings.HasSuffix(file.Name(), ".json") {
-			continue
-		}
-		file := file // capture range variable
-		t.Run(camel(strings.TrimSuffix(file.Name(), ".json")), func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			// Call tracer test found, read if from disk
-			blob, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filepath.Join("testdata", dirPath, file.Name()))
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("failed to read testcase: %v", err)
-			}
-			test := new(callTracerTest)
-			if err := json.Unmarshal(blob, test); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("failed to parse testcase: %v", err)
-			}
-			// Configure a blockchain with the given prestate
-			tx := new(types.Transaction)
-			if err := rlp.DecodeBytes(common.FromHex(test.Input), tx); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("failed to parse testcase input: %v", err)
-			}
-			signer := types.MakeSigner(test.Genesis.Config, new(big.Int).SetUint64(uint64(test.Context.Number)))
-			origin, _ := signer.Sender(tx)
-			txContext := vm.TxContext{
-				Origin:   origin,
-				GasPrice: tx.GasPrice(),
-			}
-			context := vm.BlockContext{
-				CanTransfer: core.CanTransfer,
-				Transfer:    core.Transfer,
-				Coinbase:    test.Context.Miner,
-				BlockNumber: new(big.Int).SetUint64(uint64(test.Context.Number)),
-				Time:        new(big.Int).SetUint64(uint64(test.Context.Time)),
-				Difficulty:  (*big.Int)(test.Context.Difficulty),
-				GasLimit:    uint64(test.Context.GasLimit),
-			}
-			_, statedb := tests.MakePreState(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), test.Genesis.Alloc, false)
-
-			// Create the tracer, the EVM environment and run it
-			tracer, err := New(tracer, new(Context))
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("failed to create call tracer: %v", err)
-			}
-			evm := vm.NewEVM(context, txContext, statedb, test.Genesis.Config, vm.Config{Debug: true, Tracer: tracer})
-
-			msg, err := tx.AsMessage(signer, nil)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("failed to prepare transaction for tracing: %v", err)
-			}
-			st := core.NewStateTransition(evm, msg, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(tx.Gas()))
-			if _, err = st.TransitionDb(); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("failed to execute transaction: %v", err)
-			}
-			// Retrieve the trace result and compare against the etalon
-			res, err := tracer.GetResult()
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("failed to retrieve trace result: %v", err)
-			}
-			ret := new(callTrace)
-			if err := json.Unmarshal(res, ret); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal trace result: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			if !jsonEqual(ret, test.Result) {
-				// uncomment this for easier debugging
-				//have, _ := json.MarshalIndent(ret, "", " ")
-				//want, _ := json.MarshalIndent(test.Result, "", " ")
-				//t.Fatalf("trace mismatch: \nhave %+v\nwant %+v", string(have), string(want))
-				t.Fatalf("trace mismatch: \nhave %+v\nwant %+v", ret, test.Result)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestCallTracer(t *testing.T) {
-	testCallTracer("callTracer", "call_tracer", t)
-}
-
 // jsonEqual is similar to reflect.DeepEqual, but does a 'bounce' via json prior to
 // comparison
 func jsonEqual(x, y interface{}) bool {
@@ -337,6 +305,7 @@ func BenchmarkTransactionTrace(b *testing.B) {
 		Time:        new(big.Int).SetUint64(uint64(5)),
 		Difficulty:  big.NewInt(0xffffffff),
 		GasLimit:    gas,
+		BaseFee:     big.NewInt(8),
 	}
 	alloc := core.GenesisAlloc{}
 	// The code pushes 'deadbeef' into memory, then the other params, and calls CREATE2, then returns
@@ -386,73 +355,3 @@ func BenchmarkTransactionTrace(b *testing.B) {
 		tracer.Reset()
 	}
 }
-
-func BenchmarkTracers(b *testing.B) {
-	files, err := ioutil.ReadDir(filepath.Join("testdata", "call_tracer"))
-	if err != nil {
-		b.Fatalf("failed to retrieve tracer test suite: %v", err)
-	}
-	for _, file := range files {
-		if !strings.HasSuffix(file.Name(), ".json") {
-			continue
-		}
-		file := file // capture range variable
-		b.Run(camel(strings.TrimSuffix(file.Name(), ".json")), func(b *testing.B) {
-			blob, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filepath.Join("testdata", "call_tracer", file.Name()))
-			if err != nil {
-				b.Fatalf("failed to read testcase: %v", err)
-			}
-			test := new(callTracerTest)
-			if err := json.Unmarshal(blob, test); err != nil {
-				b.Fatalf("failed to parse testcase: %v", err)
-			}
-			benchTracer("callTracer", test, b)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func benchTracer(tracerName string, test *callTracerTest, b *testing.B) {
-	// Configure a blockchain with the given prestate
-	tx := new(types.Transaction)
-	if err := rlp.DecodeBytes(common.FromHex(test.Input), tx); err != nil {
-		b.Fatalf("failed to parse testcase input: %v", err)
-	}
-	signer := types.MakeSigner(test.Genesis.Config, new(big.Int).SetUint64(uint64(test.Context.Number)))
-	msg, err := tx.AsMessage(signer, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		b.Fatalf("failed to prepare transaction for tracing: %v", err)
-	}
-	origin, _ := signer.Sender(tx)
-	txContext := vm.TxContext{
-		Origin:   origin,
-		GasPrice: tx.GasPrice(),
-	}
-	context := vm.BlockContext{
-		CanTransfer: core.CanTransfer,
-		Transfer:    core.Transfer,
-		Coinbase:    test.Context.Miner,
-		BlockNumber: new(big.Int).SetUint64(uint64(test.Context.Number)),
-		Time:        new(big.Int).SetUint64(uint64(test.Context.Time)),
-		Difficulty:  (*big.Int)(test.Context.Difficulty),
-		GasLimit:    uint64(test.Context.GasLimit),
-	}
-	_, statedb := tests.MakePreState(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), test.Genesis.Alloc, false)
-
-	// Create the tracer, the EVM environment and run it
-	tracer, err := New(tracerName, new(Context))
-	if err != nil {
-		b.Fatalf("failed to create call tracer: %v", err)
-	}
-	evm := vm.NewEVM(context, txContext, statedb, test.Genesis.Config, vm.Config{Debug: true, Tracer: tracer})
-
-	b.ReportAllocs()
-	b.ResetTimer()
-	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		snap := statedb.Snapshot()
-		st := core.NewStateTransition(evm, msg, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(tx.Gas()))
-		if _, err = st.TransitionDb(); err != nil {
-			b.Fatalf("failed to execute transaction: %v", err)
-		}
-		statedb.RevertToSnapshot(snap)
-	}
-}

ethclient/ethclient.go

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ func (ec *Client) Close() {
 
 // Blockchain Access
 
-// ChainId retrieves the current chain ID for transaction replay protection.
+// ChainID retrieves the current chain ID for transaction replay protection.
 func (ec *Client) ChainID(ctx context.Context) (*big.Int, error) {
 	var result hexutil.Big
 	err := ec.c.CallContext(ctx, &result, "eth_chainId")

ethdb/database.go

@@ -76,12 +76,12 @@ type AncientReader interface {
 	// Ancient retrieves an ancient binary blob from the append-only immutable files.
 	Ancient(kind string, number uint64) ([]byte, error)
 
-	// ReadAncients retrieves multiple items in sequence, starting from the index 'start'.
+	// AncientRange retrieves multiple items in sequence, starting from the index 'start'.
 	// It will return
 	//  - at most 'count' items,
 	//  - at least 1 item (even if exceeding the maxBytes), but will otherwise
 	//   return as many items as fit into maxBytes.
-	ReadAncients(kind string, start, count, maxBytes uint64) ([][]byte, error)
+	AncientRange(kind string, start, count, maxBytes uint64) ([][]byte, error)
 
 	// Ancients returns the ancient item numbers in the ancient store.
 	Ancients() (uint64, error)
@@ -90,6 +90,15 @@ type AncientReader interface {
 	AncientSize(kind string) (uint64, error)
 }
 
+// AncientBatchReader is the interface for 'batched' or 'atomic' reading.
+type AncientBatchReader interface {
+	AncientReader
+
+	// ReadAncients runs the given read operation while ensuring that no writes take place
+	// on the underlying freezer.
+	ReadAncients(fn func(AncientReader) error) (err error)
+}
+
 // AncientWriter contains the methods required to write to immutable ancient data.
 type AncientWriter interface {
 	// ModifyAncients runs a write operation on the ancient store.
@@ -117,7 +126,7 @@ type AncientWriteOp interface {
 // immutable ancient data.
 type Reader interface {
 	KeyValueReader
-	AncientReader
+	AncientBatchReader
 }
 
 // Writer contains the methods required to write data to both key-value as well as
@@ -130,7 +139,7 @@ type Writer interface {
 // AncientStore contains all the methods required to allow handling different
 // ancient data stores backing immutable chain data store.
 type AncientStore interface {
-	AncientReader
+	AncientBatchReader
 	AncientWriter
 	io.Closer
 }

ethdb/leveldb/leveldb.go

@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ type batch struct {
 // Put inserts the given value into the batch for later committing.
 func (b *batch) Put(key, value []byte) error {
 	b.b.Put(key, value)
-	b.size += len(value)
+	b.size += len(key) + len(value)
 	return nil
 }