go-ethereum/cmd/geth/chaincmd.go

// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of go-ethereum.
//
// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"io/ioutil"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"runtime"
	"strconv"
	"sync/atomic"
	"time"

	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/console"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/downloader"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
	"gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1"
)

var (
	initCommand = cli.Command{
		Action:    utils.MigrateFlags(initGenesis),
		Name:      "init",
		Usage:     "Bootstrap and initialize a new genesis block",
		ArgsUsage: "<genesisPath>",
		Flags: []cli.Flag{
			utils.DataDirFlag,
		},
		Category: "BLOCKCHAIN COMMANDS",
		Description: `
The init command initializes a new genesis block and definition for the network.
This is a destructive action and changes the network in which you will be
participating.

It expects the genesis file as argument.`,
	}
	importCommand = cli.Command{
		Action:    utils.MigrateFlags(importChain),
		Name:      "import",
		Usage:     "Import a blockchain file",
		ArgsUsage: "<filename> (<filename 2> ... <filename N>) ",
		Flags: []cli.Flag{
			utils.DataDirFlag,
			utils.CacheFlag,
			utils.SyncModeFlag,
			utils.GCModeFlag,
			utils.CacheDatabaseFlag,
			utils.CacheGCFlag,
		},
		Category: "BLOCKCHAIN COMMANDS",
		Description: `
The import command imports blocks from an RLP-encoded form. The form can be one file
with several RLP-encoded blocks, or several files can be used.

If only one file is used, import error will result in failure. If several files are used,
processing will proceed even if an individual RLP-file import failure occurs.`,
	}
	exportCommand = cli.Command{
		Action:    utils.MigrateFlags(exportChain),
		Name:      "export",
		Usage:     "Export blockchain into file",
		ArgsUsage: "<filename> [<blockNumFirst> <blockNumLast>]",
		Flags: []cli.Flag{
			utils.DataDirFlag,
			utils.CacheFlag,
			utils.SyncModeFlag,
		},
		Category: "BLOCKCHAIN COMMANDS",
		Description: `
Requires a first argument of the file to write to.
Optional second and third arguments control the first and
last block to write. In this mode, the file will be appended
if already existing. If the file ends with .gz, the output will
be gzipped.`,
	}
	importPreimagesCommand = cli.Command{
		Action:    utils.MigrateFlags(importPreimages),
		Name:      "import-preimages",
		Usage:     "Import the preimage database from an RLP stream",
		ArgsUsage: "<datafile>",
		Flags: []cli.Flag{
			utils.DataDirFlag,
			utils.CacheFlag,
			utils.SyncModeFlag,
		},
		Category: "BLOCKCHAIN COMMANDS",
		Description: `
	The import-preimages command imports hash preimages from an RLP encoded stream.`,
	}
	exportPreimagesCommand = cli.Command{
		Action:    utils.MigrateFlags(exportPreimages),
		Name:      "export-preimages",
		Usage:     "Export the preimage database into an RLP stream",
		ArgsUsage: "<dumpfile>",
		Flags: []cli.Flag{
			utils.DataDirFlag,
			utils.CacheFlag,
			utils.SyncModeFlag,
		},
		Category: "BLOCKCHAIN COMMANDS",
		Description: `
The export-preimages command export hash preimages to an RLP encoded stream`,
	}
	copydbCommand = cli.Command{
		Action:    utils.MigrateFlags(copyDb),
		Name:      "copydb",
		Usage:     "Create a local chain from a target chaindata folder",
		ArgsUsage: "<sourceChaindataDir>",
		Flags: []cli.Flag{
			utils.DataDirFlag,
			utils.CacheFlag,
			utils.SyncModeFlag,
			utils.FakePoWFlag,
			utils.TestnetFlag,
			utils.RinkebyFlag,
		},
		Category: "BLOCKCHAIN COMMANDS",
		Description: `
The first argument must be the directory containing the blockchain to download from`,
	}
	removedbCommand = cli.Command{
		Action:    utils.MigrateFlags(removeDB),
		Name:      "removedb",
		Usage:     "Remove blockchain and state databases",
		ArgsUsage: " ",
		Flags: []cli.Flag{
			utils.DataDirFlag,
		},
		Category: "BLOCKCHAIN COMMANDS",
		Description: `
Remove blockchain and state databases`,
	}
	dumpCommand = cli.Command{
		Action:    utils.MigrateFlags(dump),
		Name:      "dump",
		Usage:     "Dump a specific block from storage",
		ArgsUsage: "[<blockHash> | <blockNum>]...",
		Flags: []cli.Flag{
			utils.DataDirFlag,
			utils.CacheFlag,
			utils.SyncModeFlag,
		},
		Category: "BLOCKCHAIN COMMANDS",
		Description: `
The arguments are interpreted as block numbers or hashes.
Use "ethereum dump 0" to dump the genesis block.`,
	}
	migrateAncientCommand = cli.Command{
		Action:    utils.MigrateFlags(migrateAncient),
		Name:      "migrate-ancient",
		Usage:     "migrate ancient database forcibly",
		ArgsUsage: " ",
		Flags: []cli.Flag{
			utils.DataDirFlag,
			utils.AncientFlag,
			utils.CacheFlag,
			utils.TestnetFlag,
			utils.RinkebyFlag,
			utils.GoerliFlag,
		},
		Category: "BLOCKCHAIN COMMANDS",
	}
	inspectCommand = cli.Command{
		Action:    utils.MigrateFlags(inspect),
		Name:      "inspect",
		Usage:     "Inspect the storage size for each type of data in the database",
		ArgsUsage: " ",
		Flags: []cli.Flag{
			utils.DataDirFlag,
			utils.AncientFlag,
			utils.CacheFlag,
			utils.TestnetFlag,
			utils.RinkebyFlag,
			utils.GoerliFlag,
			utils.SyncModeFlag,
		},
		Category: "BLOCKCHAIN COMMANDS",
	}
)

// initGenesis will initialise the given JSON format genesis file and writes it as
// the zero'd block (i.e. genesis) or will fail hard if it can't succeed.
func initGenesis(ctx *cli.Context) error {
	// Make sure we have a valid genesis JSON
	genesisPath := ctx.Args().First()
	if len(genesisPath) == 0 {
		utils.Fatalf("Must supply path to genesis JSON file")
	}
	file, err := os.Open(genesisPath)
	if err != nil {
		utils.Fatalf("Failed to read genesis file: %v", err)
	}
	defer file.Close()

	genesis := new(core.Genesis)
	if err := json.NewDecoder(file).Decode(genesis); err != nil {
		utils.Fatalf("invalid genesis file: %v", err)
	}
	// Open an initialise both full and light databases
	stack := makeFullNode(ctx)
	defer stack.Close()

	for _, name := range []string{"chaindata", "lightchaindata"} {
		chaindb, err := stack.OpenDatabase(name, 0, 0, "")
		if err != nil {
			utils.Fatalf("Failed to open database: %v", err)
		}
		_, hash, err := core.SetupGenesisBlock(chaindb, genesis)
		if err != nil {
			utils.Fatalf("Failed to write genesis block: %v", err)
		}
		chaindb.Close()
		log.Info("Successfully wrote genesis state", "database", name, "hash", hash)
	}
	return nil
}

func importChain(ctx *cli.Context) error {
	if len(ctx.Args()) < 1 {
		utils.Fatalf("This command requires an argument.")
	}
	stack := makeFullNode(ctx)
	defer stack.Close()

	chain, db := utils.MakeChain(ctx, stack)
	defer db.Close()

	// Start periodically gathering memory profiles
	var peakMemAlloc, peakMemSys uint64
	go func() {
		stats := new(runtime.MemStats)
		for {
			runtime.ReadMemStats(stats)
			if atomic.LoadUint64(&peakMemAlloc) < stats.Alloc {
				atomic.StoreUint64(&peakMemAlloc, stats.Alloc)
			}
			if atomic.LoadUint64(&peakMemSys) < stats.Sys {
				atomic.StoreUint64(&peakMemSys, stats.Sys)
			}
			time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
		}
	}()
	// Import the chain
	start := time.Now()

	if len(ctx.Args()) == 1 {
		if err := utils.ImportChain(chain, ctx.Args().First()); err != nil {
			log.Error("Import error", "err", err)
		}
	} else {
		for _, arg := range ctx.Args() {
			if err := utils.ImportChain(chain, arg); err != nil {
				log.Error("Import error", "file", arg, "err", err)
			}
		}
	}
	chain.Stop()
	fmt.Printf("Import done in %v.\n\n", time.Since(start))

	// Output pre-compaction stats mostly to see the import trashing
	stats, err := db.Stat("leveldb.stats")
	if err != nil {
		utils.Fatalf("Failed to read database stats: %v", err)
	}
	fmt.Println(stats)

	ioStats, err := db.Stat("leveldb.iostats")
	if err != nil {
		utils.Fatalf("Failed to read database iostats: %v", err)
	}
	fmt.Println(ioStats)

	// Print the memory statistics used by the importing
	mem := new(runtime.MemStats)
	runtime.ReadMemStats(mem)

	fmt.Printf("Object memory: %.3f MB current, %.3f MB peak\n", float64(mem.Alloc)/1024/1024, float64(atomic.LoadUint64(&peakMemAlloc))/1024/1024)
	fmt.Printf("System memory: %.3f MB current, %.3f MB peak\n", float64(mem.Sys)/1024/1024, float64(atomic.LoadUint64(&peakMemSys))/1024/1024)
	fmt.Printf("Allocations:   %.3f million\n", float64(mem.Mallocs)/1000000)
	fmt.Printf("GC pause:      %v\n\n", time.Duration(mem.PauseTotalNs))

	if ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.NoCompactionFlag.Name) {
		return nil
	}

	// Compact the entire database to more accurately measure disk io and print the stats
	start = time.Now()
	fmt.Println("Compacting entire database...")
	if err = db.Compact(nil, nil); err != nil {
		utils.Fatalf("Compaction failed: %v", err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("Compaction done in %v.\n\n", time.Since(start))

	stats, err = db.Stat("leveldb.stats")
	if err != nil {
		utils.Fatalf("Failed to read database stats: %v", err)
	}
	fmt.Println(stats)

	ioStats, err = db.Stat("leveldb.iostats")
	if err != nil {
		utils.Fatalf("Failed to read database iostats: %v", err)
	}
	fmt.Println(ioStats)
	return nil
}

func exportChain(ctx *cli.Context) error {
	if len(ctx.Args()) < 1 {
		utils.Fatalf("This command requires an argument.")
	}
	stack := makeFullNode(ctx)
	defer stack.Close()

	chain, _ := utils.MakeChain(ctx, stack)
	start := time.Now()

	var err error
	fp := ctx.Args().First()
	if len(ctx.Args()) < 3 {
		err = utils.ExportChain(chain, fp)
	} else {
		// This can be improved to allow for numbers larger than 9223372036854775807
		first, ferr := strconv.ParseInt(ctx.Args().Get(1), 10, 64)
		last, lerr := strconv.ParseInt(ctx.Args().Get(2), 10, 64)
		if ferr != nil || lerr != nil {
			utils.Fatalf("Export error in parsing parameters: block number not an integer\n")
		}
		if first < 0 || last < 0 {
			utils.Fatalf("Export error: block number must be greater than 0\n")
		}
		err = utils.ExportAppendChain(chain, fp, uint64(first), uint64(last))
	}

	if err != nil {
		utils.Fatalf("Export error: %v\n", err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("Export done in %v\n", time.Since(start))
	return nil
}

// importPreimages imports preimage data from the specified file.
func importPreimages(ctx *cli.Context) error {
	if len(ctx.Args()) < 1 {
		utils.Fatalf("This command requires an argument.")
	}
	stack := makeFullNode(ctx)
	defer stack.Close()

	db := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack)
	start := time.Now()

	if err := utils.ImportPreimages(db, ctx.Args().First()); err != nil {
		utils.Fatalf("Import error: %v\n", err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("Import done in %v\n", time.Since(start))
	return nil
}

// exportPreimages dumps the preimage data to specified json file in streaming way.
func exportPreimages(ctx *cli.Context) error {
	if len(ctx.Args()) < 1 {
		utils.Fatalf("This command requires an argument.")
	}
	stack := makeFullNode(ctx)
	defer stack.Close()

	db := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack)
	start := time.Now()

	if err := utils.ExportPreimages(db, ctx.Args().First()); err != nil {
		utils.Fatalf("Export error: %v\n", err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("Export done in %v\n", time.Since(start))
	return nil
}

func copyDb(ctx *cli.Context) error {
	// Ensure we have a source chain directory to copy
	if len(ctx.Args()) < 1 {
		utils.Fatalf("Source chaindata directory path argument missing")
	}
	if len(ctx.Args()) < 2 {
		utils.Fatalf("Source ancient chain directory path argument missing")
	}
	// Initialize a new chain for the running node to sync into
	stack := makeFullNode(ctx)
	defer stack.Close()

	chain, chainDb := utils.MakeChain(ctx, stack)
	syncMode := *utils.GlobalTextMarshaler(ctx, utils.SyncModeFlag.Name).(*downloader.SyncMode)

	var syncBloom *trie.SyncBloom
	if syncMode == downloader.FastSync {
		syncBloom = trie.NewSyncBloom(uint64(ctx.GlobalInt(utils.CacheFlag.Name)/2), chainDb)
	}
	dl := downloader.New(0, chainDb, syncBloom, new(event.TypeMux), chain, nil, nil)

	// Create a source peer to satisfy downloader requests from
	db, err := rawdb.NewLevelDBDatabaseWithFreezer(ctx.Args().First(), ctx.GlobalInt(utils.CacheFlag.Name)/2, 256, ctx.Args().Get(1), "")
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	hc, err := core.NewHeaderChain(db, chain.Config(), chain.Engine(), func() bool { return false })
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	peer := downloader.NewFakePeer("local", db, hc, dl)
	if err = dl.RegisterPeer("local", 63, peer); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	// Synchronise with the simulated peer
	start := time.Now()

	currentHeader := hc.CurrentHeader()
	if err = dl.Synchronise("local", currentHeader.Hash(), hc.GetTd(currentHeader.Hash(), currentHeader.Number.Uint64()), syncMode); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	for dl.Synchronising() {
		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
	}
	fmt.Printf("Database copy done in %v\n", time.Since(start))

	// Compact the entire database to remove any sync overhead
	start = time.Now()
	fmt.Println("Compacting entire database...")
	if err = db.Compact(nil, nil); err != nil {
		utils.Fatalf("Compaction failed: %v", err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("Compaction done in %v.\n\n", time.Since(start))
	return nil
}

func removeDB(ctx *cli.Context) error {
	stack, config := makeConfigNode(ctx)

	for i, name := range []string{"chaindata", "lightchaindata"} {
		// Ensure the database exists in the first place
		logger := log.New("database", name)

		var (
			dbdirs  []string
			freezer string
		)
		dbdir := stack.ResolvePath(name)
		if !common.FileExist(dbdir) {
			logger.Info("Database doesn't exist, skipping", "path", dbdir)
			continue
		}
		dbdirs = append(dbdirs, dbdir)
		if i == 0 {
			freezer = config.Eth.DatabaseFreezer
			switch {
			case freezer == "":
				freezer = filepath.Join(dbdir, "ancient")
			case !filepath.IsAbs(freezer):
				freezer = config.Node.ResolvePath(freezer)
			}
			if common.FileExist(freezer) {
				dbdirs = append(dbdirs, freezer)
			}
		}
		for i := len(dbdirs) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
			// Confirm removal and execute
			fmt.Println(dbdirs[i])
			confirm, err := console.Stdin.PromptConfirm("Remove this database?")
			switch {
			case err != nil:
				utils.Fatalf("%v", err)
			case !confirm:
				logger.Warn("Database deletion aborted")
			default:
				start := time.Now()
				os.RemoveAll(dbdirs[i])
				logger.Info("Database successfully deleted", "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func dump(ctx *cli.Context) error {
	stack := makeFullNode(ctx)
	defer stack.Close()

	chain, chainDb := utils.MakeChain(ctx, stack)
	for _, arg := range ctx.Args() {
		var block *types.Block
		if hashish(arg) {
			block = chain.GetBlockByHash(common.HexToHash(arg))
		} else {
			num, _ := strconv.Atoi(arg)
			block = chain.GetBlockByNumber(uint64(num))
		}
		if block == nil {
			fmt.Println("{}")
			utils.Fatalf("block not found")
		} else {
			state, err := state.New(block.Root(), state.NewDatabase(chainDb))
			if err != nil {
				utils.Fatalf("could not create new state: %v", err)
			}
			fmt.Printf("%s\n", state.Dump())
		}
	}
	chainDb.Close()
	return nil
}

func migrateAncient(ctx *cli.Context) error {
	node, config := makeConfigNode(ctx)
	defer node.Close()

	dbdir := config.Node.ResolvePath("chaindata")
	kvdb, err := rawdb.NewLevelDBDatabase(dbdir, 128, 1024, "")
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer kvdb.Close()

	freezer := config.Eth.DatabaseFreezer
	switch {
	case freezer == "":
		freezer = filepath.Join(dbdir, "ancient")
	case !filepath.IsAbs(freezer):
		freezer = config.Node.ResolvePath(freezer)
	}
	stored := rawdb.ReadAncientPath(kvdb)
	if stored != freezer && stored != "" {
		confirm, err := console.Stdin.PromptConfirm(fmt.Sprintf("Are you sure to migrate ancient database from %s to %s?", stored, freezer))
		switch {
		case err != nil:
			utils.Fatalf("%v", err)
		case !confirm:
			log.Warn("Ancient database migration aborted")
		default:
			if err := rename(stored, freezer); err != nil {
				// Renaming a file can fail if the source and destination
				// are on different file systems.
				if err := moveAncient(stored, freezer); err != nil {
					utils.Fatalf("Migrate ancient database failed, %v", err)
				}
			}
			rawdb.WriteAncientPath(kvdb, freezer)
			log.Info("Ancient database successfully migrated")
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func inspect(ctx *cli.Context) error {
	node, _ := makeConfigNode(ctx)
	defer node.Close()

	_, chainDb := utils.MakeChain(ctx, node)
	defer chainDb.Close()

	return rawdb.InspectDatabase(chainDb)
}

// hashish returns true for strings that look like hashes.
func hashish(x string) bool {
	_, err := strconv.Atoi(x)
	return err != nil
}

// copyFileSynced copies data from source file to destination
// and synces the dest file forcibly.
func copyFileSynced(src string, dest string, info os.FileInfo) error {
	srcf, err := os.Open(src)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer srcf.Close()

	destf, err := os.OpenFile(dest, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, info.Mode().Perm())
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	// The maximum size of ancient file is 2GB, 4MB buffer is suitable here.
	buff := make([]byte, 4*1024*1024)
	for {
		rn, err := srcf.Read(buff)
		if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
			return err
		}
		if rn == 0 {
			break
		}
		if wn, err := destf.Write(buff[:rn]); err != nil || wn != rn {
			return err
		}
	}
	if err1 := destf.Sync(); err == nil {
		err = err1
	}
	if err1 := destf.Close(); err == nil {
		err = err1
	}
	return err
}

// copyDirSynced recursively copies files under the specified dir
// to dest and synces the dest dir forcibly.
func copyDirSynced(src string, dest string, info os.FileInfo) error {
	if err := os.MkdirAll(dest, os.ModePerm); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer os.Chmod(dest, info.Mode())

	objects, err := ioutil.ReadDir(src)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	for _, obj := range objects {
		// All files in ancient database should be flatten files.
		if !obj.Mode().IsRegular() {
			continue
		}
		subsrc, subdest := filepath.Join(src, obj.Name()), filepath.Join(dest, obj.Name())
		if err := copyFileSynced(subsrc, subdest, obj); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	return syncDir(dest)
}

// moveAncient migrates ancient database from source to destination.
func moveAncient(src string, dest string) error {
	srcinfo, err := os.Stat(src)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if !srcinfo.IsDir() {
		return errors.New("ancient directory expected")
	}
	if destinfo, err := os.Lstat(dest); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
		if destinfo.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink != 0 {
			return errors.New("symbolic link datadir is not supported")
		}
	}
	if err := copyDirSynced(src, dest, srcinfo); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return os.RemoveAll(src)
}