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weierstrass: bits2int, int2octets, truncateHash now comply with standard

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Paul Miller 2023-01-21 18:03:39 +00:00
parent 1e47bf2372
commit 6f99f6042e
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3 changed files with 53 additions and 44 deletions
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6
src/abstract/utils.ts
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@ -116,6 +116,12 @@ export function bytesToNumberLE(uint8a: Uint8Array): bigint {
export const numberToBytesBE = (n: bigint, len: number) =>
hexToBytes(n.toString(16).padStart(len * 2, '0'));
export const numberToBytesLE = (n: bigint, len: number) => numberToBytesBE(n, len).reverse();
// Returns variable number bytes (minimal bigint encoding?)
export const numberToVarBytesBE = (n: bigint) => {
let hex = n.toString(16);
if (hex.length & 1) hex = '0' + hex;
return hexToBytes(hex);
};
export function ensureBytes(hex: Hex, expectedLength?: number): Uint8Array {
// Uint8Array.from() instead of hash.slice() because node.js Buffer

79
src/abstract/weierstrass.ts
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@ -708,7 +708,7 @@ export type CurveType = BasicCurve<bigint> & {
hash: ut.CHash; // Because we need outputLen for DRBG
hmac: HmacFnSync;
randomBytes: (bytesLength?: number) => Uint8Array;
truncateHash?: (hash: Uint8Array, truncateOnly?: boolean) => bigint;
truncateHash?: (hash: Uint8Array, truncateOnly?: boolean) => Uint8Array;
};
function validateOpts(curve: CurveType) {
@ -881,18 +881,15 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
return isBiggerThanHalfOrder(s) ? mod.mod(-s, CURVE_ORDER) : s;
}
function bits2int_2(bytes: Uint8Array): bigint {
const delta = bytes.length * 8 - CURVE.nBitLength;
const num = ut.bytesToNumberBE(bytes);
return delta > 0 ? num >> BigInt(delta) : num;
}
// Ensures ECDSA message hashes are 32 bytes and < curve order
function _truncateHash(hash: Uint8Array, truncateOnly = false): bigint {
const h = bits2int_2(hash);
if (truncateOnly) return h;
const { n } = CURVE;
return h >= n ? h - n : h;
// RFC6979 suggest optional truncating via bits2octets
// FIPS 186-4 Section 4.6 suggest the leftmost min(N, outlen) bits, where N = nBitLength, which is exactly what bits2int does
// However, result of bits2int can be higher than order, but since there is same amount of bits, modulo operation
// can be done via 'h >= n ? h - n : h'.
// But we cannot use int2octets, since it pads small hash with zeros which should not happen on truncate as per RFC6979 vectors
function _truncateHash(hash: Uint8Array, truncateOnly = false): Uint8Array {
const num = bits2int(hash);
return ut.numberToVarBytesBE(truncateOnly ? num : mod.mod(num, CURVE_ORDER)); // same as bits2octets but without zero padding
}
const truncateHash = CURVE.truncateHash || _truncateHash;
@ -956,7 +953,7 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
const { r, s, recovery } = this;
if (recovery == null) throw new Error('Cannot recover: recovery bit is not present');
if (![0, 1, 2, 3].includes(recovery)) throw new Error('Cannot recover: invalid recovery bit');
const h = truncateHash(ut.ensureBytes(msgHash));
const h = ut.bytesToNumberBE(truncateHash(ut.ensureBytes(msgHash)));
const { n } = CURVE;
const radj = recovery === 2 || recovery === 3 ? r + n : r;
if (radj >= Fp.ORDER) throw new Error('Cannot recover: bit 2/3 is invalid with current r');
@ -1099,38 +1096,42 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
// RFC6979 methods
function bits2int(bytes: Uint8Array): bigint {
const { nByteLength } = CURVE;
if (!(bytes instanceof Uint8Array)) throw new Error('Expected Uint8Array');
const slice = bytes.length > nByteLength ? bytes.slice(0, nByteLength) : bytes;
// const slice = bytes; nByteLength; nBitLength;
let num = ut.bytesToNumberBE(slice);
// const { nBitLength } = CURVE;
// const delta = (bytes.length * 8) - nBitLength;
// if (delta > 0) {
// // console.log('bits=', bytes.length*8, 'CURVE n=', nBitLength, 'delta=', delta);
// // console.log(bytes.length, nBitLength, delta);
// // console.log(bytes, new Error().stack);
// num >>= BigInt(delta);
// }
return num;
}
function bits2octets(bytes: Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
const z1 = bits2int(bytes);
const z2 = mod.mod(z1, CURVE_ORDER);
return int2octets(z2 < _0n ? z1 : z2);
// Truncate to nBitLength leftmost bits (kinda)
// NOTE: for curves with nBitLength % 8 !== 0: bits2octets(bits2octets(hash)) !== bits2octets(hash)
// for some cases, because bytes.length * 8 is not actual bitLength.
const delta = bytes.length * 8 - CURVE.nBitLength;
const num = ut.bytesToNumberBE(bytes);
return delta > 0 ? num >> BigInt(delta) : num;
}
// NOTE: pads output with zero as per spec
const ORDER_MASK = ut.bitMask(CURVE.nBitLength);
function int2octets(num: bigint): Uint8Array {
return numToField(num); // prohibits >nByteLength bytes
if (typeof num !== 'bigint') throw new Error('Expected bigint');
if (!(_0n <= num && num < ORDER_MASK))
throw new Error(`Expected number < 2^${CURVE.nBitLength}`);
return ut.numberToBytesBE(num, CURVE.nByteLength); // works with order, can have different size than numToField!
}
// Steps A, D of RFC6979 3.2
// Creates RFC6979 seed; converts msg/privKey to numbers.
// Used only in sign, not in verify.
// NOTE: we cannot assume here that msgHash has same amount of bytes as curve order, this will be wrong at least for P521.
// Also it can be bigger for P224 + SHA256
function initSigArgs(msgHash: Hex, privateKey: PrivKey, extraEntropy?: Entropy) {
if (msgHash == null) throw new Error(`sign: expected valid message hash, not "${msgHash}"`);
// Step A is ignored, since we already provide hash instead of msg
const h1 = numToField(truncateHash(ut.ensureBytes(msgHash)));
// NOTE: instead of bits2int, we calling here truncateHash, since we need
// custom truncation for stark. For other curves it is essentially same as calling bits2int + mod
// However, we cannot later call bits2octets (which is truncateHash + int2octets), since nested bits2int is broken
// for curves where nBitLength % 8 !== 0, so we unwrap it here as int2octets call.
// const bits2octets = (bits)=>int2octets(ut.bytesToNumberBE(truncateHash(bits)))
const h1 = truncateHash(ut.ensureBytes(msgHash));
const h1int = ut.bytesToNumberBE(h1);
const h1octets = int2octets(h1int);
const d = normalizePrivateKey(privateKey);
// K = HMAC_K(V || 0x00 || int2octets(x) || bits2octets(h1) || k')
const seedArgs = [int2octets(d), bits2octets(h1)];
const seedArgs = [int2octets(d), h1octets];
// RFC6979 3.6: additional k' could be provided
if (extraEntropy != null) {
if (extraEntropy === true) extraEntropy = CURVE.randomBytes(Fp.BYTES);
@ -1142,7 +1143,7 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
// Step D
// V, 0x00 are done in HmacDRBG constructor.
const seed = ut.concatBytes(...seedArgs);
const m = bits2int(h1);
const m = h1int; // NOTE: no need to call bits2int second time here, it is inside truncateHash!
return { seed, m, d };
}
@ -1156,7 +1157,8 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
*/
function kmdToSig(kBytes: Uint8Array, m: bigint, d: bigint, lowS = true): Signature | undefined {
const { n } = CURVE;
const k = truncateHash(kBytes, true);
// RFC 6979 Section 3.2, step 3: k = bits2int(T)
const k = ut.bytesToNumberBE(truncateHash(kBytes, true)); // Cannot use fields methods, since it is group element
if (!isWithinCurveOrder(k)) return;
// Important: all mod() calls in the function must be done over `n`
const kinv = mod.invert(k, n);
@ -1189,6 +1191,7 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
* ```
* @param opts `lowS, extraEntropy`
*/
// TODO: add opts.prehashed = True, if !opts.prehashed do hash on msg?
function sign(msgHash: Hex, privKey: PrivKey, opts = defaultSigOpts): Signature {
// Steps A, D of RFC6979 3.2.
const { seed, m, d } = initSigArgs(msgHash, privKey, opts.extraEntropy);
@ -1256,7 +1259,7 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
}
const { n } = CURVE;
const { r, s } = signature;
const h = truncateHash(msgHash);
const h = ut.bytesToNumberBE(truncateHash(msgHash)); // Cannot use fields methods, since it is group element
const sinv = mod.invert(s, n); // s^-1
// R = u1⋅G - u2⋅P
const u1 = mod.mod(h * sinv, n);

12
src/stark.ts
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { keccak_256 } from '@noble/hashes/sha3';
import { sha256 } from '@noble/hashes/sha256';
import { weierstrass, ProjectivePointType } from './abstract/weierstrass.js';
import * as cutils from './abstract/utils.js';
import { Fp } from './abstract/modular.js';
import { Fp, mod } from './abstract/modular.js';
import { getHash } from './_shortw_utils.js';
type ProjectivePoint = ProjectivePointType<bigint>;
@ -31,8 +31,7 @@ export const starkCurve = weierstrass({
// Default options
lowS: false,
...getHash(sha256),
truncateHash: (hash: Uint8Array, truncateOnly = false): bigint => {
// TODO: cleanup, ugly code
truncateHash: (hash: Uint8Array, truncateOnly = false): Uint8Array => {
// Fix truncation
if (!truncateOnly) {
let hashS = bytesToNumber0x(hash).toString(16);
@ -43,12 +42,13 @@ export const starkCurve = weierstrass({
}
// Truncate zero bytes on left (compat with elliptic)
while (hash[0] === 0) hash = hash.subarray(1);
// bits2int + part of bits2octets (mod if !truncateOnly)
const byteLength = hash.length;
const delta = byteLength * 8 - nBitLength; // size of curve.n (252 bits)
let h = hash.length ? bytesToNumber0x(hash) : 0n;
if (delta > 0) h = h >> BigInt(delta);
if (!truncateOnly && h >= CURVE_N) h -= CURVE_N;
return h;
if (delta > 0) h = h >> BigInt(delta); // truncate to nBitLength leftmost bits
if (!truncateOnly) h = mod(h, CURVE_N);
return cutils.numberToVarBytesBE(h);
},
});