diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index b6f174af..a356870d 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1354,7 +1354,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "entities"
-version = "0.9.0"
+version = "0.10.0"
 dependencies = [
  "sea-orm",
  "serde",
@@ -2663,7 +2663,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "migration"
-version = "0.9.0"
+version = "0.10.0"
 dependencies = [
  "sea-orm-migration",
  "tokio",
@@ -5555,7 +5555,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "web3_proxy"
-version = "0.9.1"
+version = "0.10.0"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "arc-swap",
diff --git a/entities/Cargo.toml b/entities/Cargo.toml
index a76ab003..2142e104 100644
--- a/entities/Cargo.toml
+++ b/entities/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "entities"
-version = "0.9.0"
+version = "0.10.0"
 edition = "2021"
 
 [lib]
diff --git a/entities/src/rpc_accounting.rs b/entities/src/rpc_accounting.rs
index 94a128eb..15fe09b0 100644
--- a/entities/src/rpc_accounting.rs
+++ b/entities/src/rpc_accounting.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 pub struct Model {
     #[sea_orm(primary_key)]
     pub id: u64,
-    pub rpc_key_id: u64,
+    pub rpc_key_id: Option<u64>,
     pub chain_id: u64,
     pub method: String,
     pub archive_request: bool,
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ pub struct Model {
     pub p90_response_bytes: u64,
     pub p99_response_bytes: u64,
     pub max_response_bytes: u64,
+    pub origin: Option<String>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, EnumIter, DeriveRelation)]
diff --git a/migration/Cargo.toml b/migration/Cargo.toml
index b32f61eb..43189ce8 100644
--- a/migration/Cargo.toml
+++ b/migration/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "migration"
-version = "0.9.0"
+version = "0.10.0"
 edition = "2021"
 publish = false
 
diff --git a/migration/src/m20221108_200345_save_anon_stats.rs b/migration/src/m20221108_200345_save_anon_stats.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56f6125a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/migration/src/m20221108_200345_save_anon_stats.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+use sea_orm_migration::prelude::*;
+
+#[derive(DeriveMigrationName)]
+pub struct Migration;
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
+    async fn up(&self, manager: &SchemaManager) -> Result<(), DbErr> {
+        manager
+            .alter_table(
+                Table::alter()
+                    .table(RpcAccounting::Table)
+                    .modify_column(
+                        ColumnDef::new(RpcAccounting::RpcKeyId)
+                            .big_unsigned()
+                            .null(),
+                    )
+                    .add_column(ColumnDef::new(RpcAccounting::Origin).string().null())
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await
+    }
+
+    async fn down(&self, manager: &SchemaManager) -> Result<(), DbErr> {
+        manager
+            .alter_table(
+                Table::alter()
+                    .table(RpcAccounting::Table)
+                    .modify_column(
+                        ColumnDef::new(RpcAccounting::RpcKeyId)
+                            .big_unsigned()
+                            .not_null(),
+                    )
+                    .drop_column(RpcAccounting::Origin)
+                    .to_owned(),
+            )
+            .await
+    }
+}
+
+/// Learn more at https://docs.rs/sea-query#iden
+#[derive(Iden)]
+enum RpcAccounting {
+    Table,
+    RpcKeyId,
+    Origin,
+}
diff --git a/web3_proxy/Cargo.toml b/web3_proxy/Cargo.toml
index e85a158c..45daab47 100644
--- a/web3_proxy/Cargo.toml
+++ b/web3_proxy/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "web3_proxy"
-version = "0.9.1"
+version = "0.10.0"
 edition = "2021"
 default-run = "web3_proxy"
 
diff --git a/web3_proxy/src/app.rs b/web3_proxy/src/app.rs
index 70dc3d0c..fe54e8ab 100644
--- a/web3_proxy/src/app.rs
+++ b/web3_proxy/src/app.rs
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ use serde::Serialize;
 use serde_json::json;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::net::IpAddr;
+use std::num::NonZeroU64;
 use std::str::FromStr;
 use std::sync::atomic::{self, AtomicUsize};
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -67,8 +68,8 @@ pub struct AuthorizationChecks {
     /// TODO: do we need this? its on the authorization so probably not
     pub user_id: u64,
     /// database id of the rpc key
-    /// if this is 0, then this request is being rate limited by ip
-    pub rpc_key_id: u64,
+    /// if this is None, then this request is being rate limited by ip
+    pub rpc_key_id: Option<NonZeroU64>,
     /// if None, allow unlimited queries. inherited from the user_tier
     pub max_requests_per_period: Option<u64>,
     // if None, allow unlimited concurrent requests. inherited from the user_tier
@@ -113,7 +114,8 @@ pub struct Web3ProxyApp {
     // TODO: this key should be our RpcSecretKey class, not Ulid
     pub rpc_secret_key_cache:
         Cache<Ulid, AuthorizationChecks, hashbrown::hash_map::DefaultHashBuilder>,
-    pub rpc_key_semaphores: Cache<u64, Arc<Semaphore>, hashbrown::hash_map::DefaultHashBuilder>,
+    pub rpc_key_semaphores:
+        Cache<NonZeroU64, Arc<Semaphore>, hashbrown::hash_map::DefaultHashBuilder>,
     pub ip_semaphores: Cache<IpAddr, Arc<Semaphore>, hashbrown::hash_map::DefaultHashBuilder>,
     pub bearer_token_semaphores:
         Cache<String, Arc<Semaphore>, hashbrown::hash_map::DefaultHashBuilder>,
diff --git a/web3_proxy/src/app_stats.rs b/web3_proxy/src/app_stats.rs
index cd8f77f7..42a20e55 100644
--- a/web3_proxy/src/app_stats.rs
+++ b/web3_proxy/src/app_stats.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 use crate::frontend::authorization::{Authorization, RequestMetadata};
 use crate::jsonrpc::JsonRpcForwardedResponse;
+use axum::headers::Origin;
 use chrono::{TimeZone, Utc};
 use derive_more::From;
 use entities::rpc_accounting;
 use hashbrown::HashMap;
 use hdrhistogram::{Histogram, RecordError};
 use sea_orm::{ActiveModelTrait, DatabaseConnection, DbErr};
+use std::num::NonZeroU64;
 use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime};
@@ -32,12 +34,31 @@ pub struct ProxyResponseStat {
 impl ProxyResponseStat {
     /// TODO: think more about this. probably rename it
     fn key(&self) -> ProxyResponseAggregateKey {
+        // include either the rpc_key_id or the origin
+        let (rpc_key_id, origin) = match (
+            self.authorization.checks.rpc_key_id,
+            &self.authorization.origin,
+        ) {
+            (Some(rpc_key_id), _) => {
+                // TODO: allow the user to opt into saving the origin
+                (Some(rpc_key_id), None)
+            }
+            (None, Some(origin)) => {
+                // we save the origin for anonymous access
+                (None, Some(origin.clone()))
+            }
+            (None, None) => {
+                // TODO: what should we do here? log ip? i really don't want to save any ips
+                (None, None)
+            }
+        };
+
         ProxyResponseAggregateKey {
-            rpc_key_id: self.authorization.checks.rpc_key_id,
-            // TODO: include Origin here?
-            method: self.method.clone(),
             archive_request: self.archive_request,
             error_response: self.error_response,
+            method: self.method.clone(),
+            origin,
+            rpc_key_id,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -66,10 +87,12 @@ impl Default for ProxyResponseHistograms {
 // TODO: think more about if we should include IP address in this
 #[derive(Clone, From, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
 struct ProxyResponseAggregateKey {
-    rpc_key_id: u64,
-    method: String,
-    error_response: bool,
     archive_request: bool,
+    error_response: bool,
+    rpc_key_id: Option<NonZeroU64>,
+    method: String,
+    /// TODO: should this be Origin or String?
+    origin: Option<Origin>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Default)]
@@ -182,7 +205,8 @@ impl ProxyResponseAggregate {
         let aggregated_stat_model = rpc_accounting::ActiveModel {
             id: sea_orm::NotSet,
             // origin: sea_orm::Set(key.authorization.origin.to_string()),
-            rpc_key_id: sea_orm::Set(key.rpc_key_id),
+            rpc_key_id: sea_orm::Set(key.rpc_key_id.map(Into::into)),
+            origin: sea_orm::Set(key.origin.map(|x| x.to_string())),
             chain_id: sea_orm::Set(chain_id),
             method: sea_orm::Set(key.method),
             archive_request: sea_orm::Set(key.archive_request),
diff --git a/web3_proxy/src/frontend/authorization.rs b/web3_proxy/src/frontend/authorization.rs
index 42b45973..0c5a0247 100644
--- a/web3_proxy/src/frontend/authorization.rs
+++ b/web3_proxy/src/frontend/authorization.rs
@@ -373,33 +373,34 @@ impl Web3ProxyApp {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Limit the number of concurrent requests from the given key address.
+    /// Limit the number of concurrent requests from the given rpc key.
     #[instrument(level = "trace")]
-    pub async fn authorization_checks_semaphore(
+    pub async fn rpc_key_semaphore(
         &self,
         authorization_checks: &AuthorizationChecks,
     ) -> anyhow::Result<Option<OwnedSemaphorePermit>> {
         if let Some(max_concurrent_requests) = authorization_checks.max_concurrent_requests {
+            let rpc_key_id = authorization_checks.rpc_key_id.context("no rpc_key_id")?;
+
             let semaphore = self
                 .rpc_key_semaphores
-                .get_with(authorization_checks.rpc_key_id, async move {
+                .get_with(rpc_key_id, async move {
                     let s = Semaphore::new(max_concurrent_requests as usize);
-                    trace!(
-                        "new semaphore for rpc_key_id {}",
-                        authorization_checks.rpc_key_id
-                    );
+                    trace!("new semaphore for rpc_key_id {}", rpc_key_id);
                     Arc::new(s)
                 })
                 .await;
 
             // if semaphore.available_permits() == 0 {
-            //     // TODO: concurrent limit hit! emit a stat
+            //     // TODO: concurrent limit hit! emit a stat? this has a race condition though.
+            //     // TODO: maybe have a stat on how long we wait to acquire the semaphore instead?
             // }
 
             let semaphore_permit = semaphore.acquire_owned().await?;
 
             Ok(Some(semaphore_permit))
         } else {
+            // unlimited requests allowed
             Ok(None)
         }
     }
@@ -645,9 +646,12 @@ impl Web3ProxyApp {
                                 None
                             };
 
+                        let rpc_key_id =
+                            Some(rpc_key_model.id.try_into().expect("db ids are never 0"));
+
                         Ok(AuthorizationChecks {
                             user_id: rpc_key_model.user_id,
-                            rpc_key_id: rpc_key_model.id,
+                            rpc_key_id,
                             allowed_ips,
                             allowed_origins,
                             allowed_referers,
@@ -679,15 +683,13 @@ impl Web3ProxyApp {
         let authorization_checks = self.authorization_checks(rpc_key).await?;
 
         // if no rpc_key_id matching the given rpc was found, then we can't rate limit by key
-        if authorization_checks.rpc_key_id == 0 {
+        if authorization_checks.rpc_key_id.is_none() {
             return Ok(RateLimitResult::UnknownKey);
         }
 
         // only allow this rpc_key to run a limited amount of concurrent requests
         // TODO: rate limit should be BEFORE the semaphore!
-        let semaphore = self
-            .authorization_checks_semaphore(&authorization_checks)
-            .await?;
+        let semaphore = self.rpc_key_semaphore(&authorization_checks).await?;
 
         let authorization = Authorization::try_new(
             authorization_checks,
diff --git a/web3_proxy/src/frontend/errors.rs b/web3_proxy/src/frontend/errors.rs
index 81be1404..e825a7ee 100644
--- a/web3_proxy/src/frontend/errors.rs
+++ b/web3_proxy/src/frontend/errors.rs
@@ -151,12 +151,13 @@ impl IntoResponse for FrontendErrorResponse {
                 };
 
                 // create a string with either the IP or the rpc_key_id
-                let msg = if authorization.checks.rpc_key_id == 0 {
+                let msg = if authorization.checks.rpc_key_id.is_none() {
                     format!("too many requests from {}.{}", authorization.ip, retry_msg)
                 } else {
                     format!(
                         "too many requests from rpc key #{}.{}",
-                        authorization.checks.rpc_key_id, retry_msg
+                        authorization.checks.rpc_key_id.unwrap(),
+                        retry_msg
                     )
                 };
 
diff --git a/web3_proxy/src/frontend/rpc_proxy_ws.rs b/web3_proxy/src/frontend/rpc_proxy_ws.rs
index 4c2eb75b..bc89b343 100644
--- a/web3_proxy/src/frontend/rpc_proxy_ws.rs
+++ b/web3_proxy/src/frontend/rpc_proxy_ws.rs
@@ -124,15 +124,15 @@ pub async fn websocket_handler_with_key(
                     "redirect_rpc_key_url not set. only websockets work here"
                 )
                 .into()),
-                (Some(redirect_public_url), _, 0) => {
+                (Some(redirect_public_url), _, None) => {
                     Ok(Redirect::to(redirect_public_url).into_response())
                 }
                 (_, Some(redirect_rpc_key_url), rpc_key_id) => {
                     let reg = Handlebars::new();
 
-                    if authorization.checks.rpc_key_id == 0 {
+                    if authorization.checks.rpc_key_id.is_none() {
                         // TODO: i think this is impossible
-                        Err(anyhow::anyhow!("this page is for rpcs").into())
+                        Err(anyhow::anyhow!("only authenticated websockets work here").into())
                     } else {
                         let redirect_rpc_key_url = reg
                             .render_template(
diff --git a/web3_proxy/src/frontend/users.rs b/web3_proxy/src/frontend/users.rs
index ba8711b6..e989f602 100644
--- a/web3_proxy/src/frontend/users.rs
+++ b/web3_proxy/src/frontend/users.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use redis_rate_limiter::redis::AsyncCommands;
 use sea_orm::{
     ActiveModelTrait, ColumnTrait, EntityTrait, PaginatorTrait, QueryFilter, QueryOrder,
-    TransactionTrait,
+    TransactionTrait, TryIntoModel,
 };
 use serde::Deserialize;
 use serde_json::json;
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ pub async fn rpc_keys_management(
         uk
     };
 
-    let uk: rpc_key::Model = uk.try_into()?;
+    let uk = uk.try_into_model()?;
 
     Ok(Json(uk).into_response())
 }
diff --git a/web3_proxy/src/rpcs/request.rs b/web3_proxy/src/rpcs/request.rs
index 95bdbbb5..8c923dda 100644
--- a/web3_proxy/src/rpcs/request.rs
+++ b/web3_proxy/src/rpcs/request.rs
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ use metered::HitCount;
 use metered::ResponseTime;
 use metered::Throughput;
 use rand::Rng;
+use sea_orm::ActiveEnum;
 use sea_orm::ActiveModelTrait;
-use sea_orm::{ActiveEnum};
 use serde_json::json;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::sync::atomic::{self, AtomicBool, Ordering};
@@ -82,6 +82,14 @@ impl Authorization {
         method: Method,
         params: EthCallFirstParams,
     ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let rpc_key_id = match self.checks.rpc_key_id {
+            Some(rpc_key_id) => rpc_key_id.into(),
+            None => {
+                trace!(?self, "cannot save revert without rpc_key_id");
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+        };
+
         let db_conn = self.db_conn.as_ref().context("no database connection")?;
 
         // TODO: should the database set the timestamp?
@@ -96,7 +104,7 @@ impl Authorization {
         let call_data = params.data.map(|x| format!("{}", x));
 
         let rl = revert_log::ActiveModel {
-            rpc_key_id: sea_orm::Set(self.checks.rpc_key_id),
+            rpc_key_id: sea_orm::Set(rpc_key_id),
             method: sea_orm::Set(method),
             to: sea_orm::Set(to),
             call_data: sea_orm::Set(call_data),