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ethers.js/docs/v5/api/signer/README.md
Richard Moore a1b2a62e6b
Updated docs build.
2020-07-05 00:02:47 -04:00

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-----
Documentation: [html](https://docs.ethers.io/)
-----
Signers
=======
Signer
------
#### *signer* . **connect**( provider ) => *[Signer](/v5/api/signer/#Signer)*
Sub-classes **must** implement this, however they may simply throw an error if changing providers is not supported.
#### *signer* . **getAddress**( ) => *Promise< string< [Address](/v5/api/utils/address/#address) > >*
Returns a Promise that resolves to the account address.
This is a Promise so that a **Signer** can be designed around an asynchronous source, such as hardware wallets.
Sub-classes **must** implement this.
#### *Signer* . **isSigner**( object ) => *boolean*
Returns true if an only if *object* is a **Signer**.
### Blockchain Methods
#### *signer* . **getBalance**( [ blockTag = "latest" ] ) => *Promise< [BigNumber](/v5/api/utils/bignumber/) >*
Returns the balance of this wallet at *blockTag*.
#### *signer* . **getChainId**( ) => *Promise< number >*
Returns the chain ID this wallet is connected to.
#### *signer* . **getGasPrice**( ) => *Promise< [BigNumber](/v5/api/utils/bignumber/) >*
Returns the current gas price.
#### *signer* . **getTransactionCount**( [ blockTag = "latest" ] ) => *Promise< number >*
Returns the number of transactions this account has ever sent. This is the value required to be included in transactions as the `nonce`.
#### *signer* . **call**( transactionRequest ) => *Promise< string< [DataHexString](/v5/api/utils/bytes/#DataHexString) > >*
Returns the result of calling using the *transactionRequest*, with this account address being used as the `from` field.
#### *signer* . **estimateGas**( transactionRequest ) => *Promise< [BigNumber](/v5/api/utils/bignumber/) >*
Returns the result of estimating the cost to send the *transactionRequest*, with this account address being used as the `from` field.
#### *signer* . **resolveName**( ensName ) => *Promise< string< [Address](/v5/api/utils/address/#address) > >*
Returns the address associated with the *ensName*.
### Signing
#### *signer* . **signMessage**( message ) => *Promise< string< [RawSignature](/v5/api/utils/bytes/#signature-raw) > >*
This returns a Promise which resolves to the [Raw Signature](/v5/api/utils/bytes/#signature-raw) of *message*.
Sub-classes **must** implement this, however they may throw if signing a message is not supported, such as in a Contract-based Wallet or Meta-Transaction-based Wallet.
#### Note
If *message* is a string, it is **treated as a string** and converted to its representation in UTF8 bytes.
**If and only if** a message is a [Bytes](/v5/api/utils/bytes/#Bytes) will it be treated as binary data.
For example, the string `"0x1234"` is 6 characters long (and in this case 6 bytes long). This is **not** equivalent to the array `[ 0x12, 0x34 ]`, which is 2 bytes long.
A common case is to sign a hash. In this case, if the hash is a string, it **must** be converted to an array first, using the [arrayify](/v5/api/utils/bytes/#utils-arrayify) utility function.
#### *signer* . **signTransaction**( transactionRequest ) => *Promise< string< [DataHexString](/v5/api/utils/bytes/#DataHexString) > >*
Returns a Promise which resolves to the signed transaction of the *transactionRequest*. This method does not populate any missing fields.
Sub-classes **must** implement this, however they may throw if signing a transaction is not supported, which is common for security reasons in many clients.
#### *signer* . **sendTransaction**( transactionRequest ) => *Promise< [TransactionResponse](/v5/api/providers/types/#providers-TransactionResponse) >*
This method populates the transactionRequest with missing fields, using [populateTransaction](/v5/api/signer/#Signer-populateTransaction) and returns a Promise which resolves to the transaction.
Sub-classes **must** implement this, however they may throw if sending a transaction is not supported, such as the [VoidSigner](/v5/api/signer/#VoidSigner) or if the Wallet is offline and not connected to a [Provider](/v5/api/providers/provider/).
### Sub-Classes
#### *signer* . **checkTransaction**( transactionRequest ) => *[TransactionRequest](/v5/api/providers/types/#providers-TransactionRequest)*
This is generally not required to be overridden, but may needed to provide custom behaviour in sub-classes.
This should return a **copy** of the *transactionRequest*, with any properties needed by `call`, `estimateGas` and `populateTransaction` (which is used by sendTransaction). It should also throw an error if any unknown key is specified.
The default implementation checks only valid [TransactionRequest](/v5/api/providers/types/#providers-TransactionRequest) properties exist and adds `from` to the transaction if it does not exist.
If there is a `from` field it **must** be verified to be equal to the Signer's address.
#### *signer* . **populateTransaction**( transactionRequest ) => *Promise< [TransactionRequest](/v5/api/providers/types/#providers-TransactionRequest) >*
This is generally not required to be overridden, but may needed to provide custom behaviour in sub-classes.
This should return a **copy** of *transactionRequest*, follow the same procedure as `checkTransaction` and fill in any properties required for sending a transaction. The result should have all promises resolved; if needed the [resolveProperties](/v5/api/utils/properties/#utils-resolveproperties) utility function can be used for this.
The default implementation calls `checkTransaction` and resolves to if it is an ENS name, adds `gasPrice`, `nonce`, `gasLimit` and `chainId` based on the related operations on Signer.
Wallet
------
#### **new ***ethers* . **Wallet**( privateKey [ , provider ] )
Create a new Wallet instance for *privateKey* and optionally connected to the *provider*.
#### *ethers* . *Wallet* . **createRandom**( [ options = {} ] ) => *[Wallet](/v5/api/signer/#Wallet)*
Returns a new Wallet with a random private key, generated from cryptographically secure entropy sources. If the current environment does not have a secure entropy source, an error is thrown.
Wallets created using this method will have a mnemonic.
#### *ethers* . *Wallet* . **fromEncryptedJson**( json , password [ , progress ] ) => *Promise< [Wallet](/v5/api/signer/#Wallet) >*
Create an instance from an encrypted JSON wallet.
If *progress* is provided it will be called during decryption with a value between 0 and 1 indicating the progress towards completion.
#### *ethers* . *Wallet* . **fromEncryptedJsonSync**( json , password ) => *[Wallet](/v5/api/signer/#Wallet)*
Create an instance from an encrypted JSON wallet.
This operation will operate synchronously which will lock up the user interface, possibly for a non-trivial duration. Most applications should use the asynchronous `fromEncryptedJson` instead.
#### *ethers* . *Wallet* . **fromMnemonic**( mnemonic [ , path , [ wordlist ] ] ) => *[Wallet](/v5/api/signer/#Wallet)*
Create an instance from a mnemonic phrase.
If path is not specified, the Ethereum default path is used (i.e. `m/44'/60'/0'/0/0`).
If wordlist is not specified, the English Wordlist is used.
### Properties
#### *wallet* . **address** => *string< [Address](/v5/api/utils/address/#address) >*
The address for the account this Wallet represents.
#### *wallet* . **provider** => *[Provider](/v5/api/providers/provider/)*
The provider this wallet is connected to, which will ge used for any [Blockchain Methods](/v5/api/signer/#Signer--blockchain-methods) methods. This can be null.
#### Note
A **Wallet** instance is immutable, so if you wish to change the Provider, you may use the [connect](/v5/api/signer/#Signer-connect) method to create a new instance connected to the desired provider.
#### *wallet* . **publicKey** => *string< [DataHexString](/v5/api/utils/bytes/#DataHexString)< 65 > >*
The uncompressed public key for this Wallet represents.
### Methods
#### *wallet* . **encrypt**( password , [ options = {} , [ progress ] ] ) => *Promise< string >*
Encrypt the wallet using *password* returning a Promise which resolves to a JSON wallet.
If *progress* is provided it will be called during decryption with a value between 0 and 1 indicating the progress towards completion.
```javascript
// Create a wallet instance from a mnemonic...
mnemonic = "announce room limb pattern dry unit scale effort smooth jazz weasel alcohol"
walletMnemonic = Wallet.fromMnemonic(mnemonic)
// ...or from a private key
walletPrivateKey = new Wallet(walletMnemonic.privateKey)
walletMnemonic.address === walletPrivateKey.address
// true
// The address as a Promise per the Signer API
walletMnemonic.getAddress()
// { Promise: '0x71CB05EE1b1F506fF321Da3dac38f25c0c9ce6E1' }
// A Wallet address is also available synchronously
walletMnemonic.address
// '0x71CB05EE1b1F506fF321Da3dac38f25c0c9ce6E1'
// The internal cryptographic components
walletMnemonic.privateKey
// '0x1da6847600b0ee25e9ad9a52abbd786dd2502fa4005dd5af9310b7cc7a3b25db'
walletMnemonic.publicKey
// '0x04b9e72dfd423bcf95b3801ac93f4392be5ff22143f9980eb78b3a860c4843bfd04829ae61cdba4b3b1978ac5fc64f5cc2f4350e35a108a9c9a92a81200a60cd64'
// The wallet mnemonic
walletMnemonic.mnemonic
// {
// locale: 'en',
// path: 'm/44\'/60\'/0\'/0/0',
// phrase: 'announce room limb pattern dry unit scale effort smooth jazz weasel alcohol'
// }
// Note: A wallet created with a private key does not
// have a mnemonic (the derivation prevents it)
walletPrivateKey.mnemonic
// null
// Signing a message
walletMnemonic.signMessage("Hello World")
// { Promise: '0x14280e5885a19f60e536de50097e96e3738c7acae4e9e62d67272d794b8127d31c03d9cd59781d4ee31fb4e1b893bd9b020ec67dfa65cfb51e2bdadbb1de26d91c' }
tx = {
to: "0x8ba1f109551bD432803012645Ac136ddd64DBA72",
value: utils.parseEther("1.0")
}
// Signing a transaction
walletMnemonic.signTransaction(tx)
// { Promise: '0xf865808080948ba1f109551bd432803012645ac136ddd64dba72880de0b6b3a7640000801ca0918e294306d177ab7bd664f5e141436563854ebe0a3e523b9690b4922bbb52b8a01181612cec9c431c4257a79b8c9f0c980a2c49bb5a0e6ac52949163eeb565dfc' }
// The connect method returns a new instance of the
// Wallet connected to a provider
wallet = walletMnemonic.connect(provider)
// Querying the network
wallet.getBalance();
// { Promise: { BigNumber: "42" } }
wallet.getTransactionCount();
// { Promise: 0 }
// Sending ether
wallet.sendTransaction(tx)
```
VoidSigner
----------
#### **new ***ethers* . **VoidSigner**( address [ , provider ] ) => *[VoidSigner](/v5/api/signer/#VoidSigner)*
Create a new instance of a **VoidSigner** for *address*.
#### *voidSigner* . **address** => *string< [Address](/v5/api/utils/address/#address) >*
The address of this **VoidSigner**.
```javascript
address = "0x8ba1f109551bD432803012645Ac136ddd64DBA72"
signer = new ethers.VoidSigner(address, provider)
// The DAI token contract
abi = [
"function balanceOf(address) view returns (uint)",
"function transfer(address, uint) returns (bool)"
]
contract = new ethers.Contract("dai.tokens.ethers.eth", abi, signer)
// Get the number of tokens for this account
tokens = await contract.balanceOf(signer.getAddress())
// { BigNumber: "9709905125722568213383" }
//
// Pre-flight (check for revert) on DAI from the signer
//
// Note: We do not have the private key at this point, this
// simply allows us to check what would happen if we
// did. This can be useful to check before prompting
// a request in the UI
//
// This will pass since the token balance is available
contract.callStatic.transfer("donations.ethers.eth", tokens)
// { Promise: true }
// This will fail since it is greater than the token balance
contract.callStatic.transfer("donations.ethers.eth", tokens.add(1))
// Error: call revert exception (method="transfer(address,uint256)", errorSignature="Error(string)", errorArgs=["Dai/insufficient-balance"], reason="Dai/insufficient-balance", code=CALL_EXCEPTION, version=abi/5.0.1)
```
ExternallyOwnedAccount
----------------------
#### *eoa* . **address** => *string< [Address](/v5/api/utils/address/#address) >*
The [Address](/v5/api/utils/address/#address) of this EOA.
#### *eoa* . **privateKey** => *string< [DataHexString](/v5/api/utils/bytes/#DataHexString)< 32 > >*
The privateKey of this EOA
#### *eoa* . **mnemonic** => *[Mnemonic](/v5/api/utils/hdnode/#Mnemonic)*
*Optional*. The account HD mnemonic, if it has one and can be determined. Some sources do not encode the mnemonic, such as an HD extended keys.
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