20 KiB
Provider
Coming from Web3.js?
If you are coming from Web3.js, this is one of the biggest differences you will encounter using ethers.
The ethers library creates a strong division between the operation a Provider can perform and those of a Signer, which Web3.js lumps together.
This separation of concerns and a stricted subset of Provider operations allows for a larger variety of backends, a more consistent API and ensures other libraries to operate without being able to rely on any underlying assumption.
Accounts Methods
provider . getBalance( address [ , blockTag = latest ] ) => Promise< BigNumber >
Returns the balance of address as of the blockTag block height.
provider . getCode( address [ , blockTag = latest ] ) => Promise< string< DataHexString > >
Returns the contract code of address as of the blockTag block height. If there is no contract currently deployed, the result is 0x.
provider . getStorageAt( addr , pos [ , blockTag = latest ] ) => Promise< string< DataHexString > >
Returns the Bytes32 value of the position pos at address addr, as of the blockTag.
provider . getTransactionCount( address [ , blockTag = latest ] ) => Promise< number >
Returns the number of transactions address has ever sent, as of blockTag. This value is required to be the nonce for the next transaction from address sent to the network.
// Get the balance for an account...
provider.getBalance("ricmoo.firefly.eth");
// { Promise: { BigNumber: "25334210474552466902" } }
// Get the code for a contract...
provider.getCode("registrar.firefly.eth");
// { Promise: '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' }
// Get the storage value at position 0...
provider.getStorageAt("registrar.firefly.eth", 0)
// { Promise: '0x000000000000000000000000314159265dd8dbb310642f98f50c066173c1259b' }
// Get transaction count of an account...
provider.getTransactionCount("ricmoo.firefly.eth");
// { Promise: 712 }
Blocks Methods
provider . getBlock( block ) => Promise< Block >
Get the block from the network, where the result.transactions is a list of transaction hashes.
provider . getBlockWithTransactions( block ) => Promise< BlockWithTransactions >
Get the block from the network, where the result.transactions is an Array of TransactionResponse objects.
provider.getBlock(100004)
// { Promise: {
// difficulty: 3849295379889,
// extraData: '0x476574682f76312e302e312d39383130306634372f6c696e75782f676f312e34',
// gasLimit: { BigNumber: "3141592" },
// gasUsed: { BigNumber: "21000" },
// hash: '0xf93283571ae16dcecbe1816adc126954a739350cd1523a1559eabeae155fbb63',
// miner: '0x909755D480A27911cB7EeeB5edB918fae50883c0',
// nonce: '0x1a455280001cc3f8',
// number: 100004,
// parentHash: '0x73d88d376f6b4d232d70dc950d9515fad3b5aa241937e362fdbfd74d1c901781',
// timestamp: 1439799168,
// transactions: [
// '0x6f12399cc2cb42bed5b267899b08a847552e8c42a64f5eb128c1bcbd1974fb0c'
// ]
// } }
provider.getBlockWithTransactions(100004)
// { Promise: {
// difficulty: 3849295379889,
// extraData: '0x476574682f76312e302e312d39383130306634372f6c696e75782f676f312e34',
// gasLimit: { BigNumber: "3141592" },
// gasUsed: { BigNumber: "21000" },
// hash: '0xf93283571ae16dcecbe1816adc126954a739350cd1523a1559eabeae155fbb63',
// miner: '0x909755D480A27911cB7EeeB5edB918fae50883c0',
// nonce: '0x1a455280001cc3f8',
// number: 100004,
// parentHash: '0x73d88d376f6b4d232d70dc950d9515fad3b5aa241937e362fdbfd74d1c901781',
// timestamp: 1439799168,
// transactions: [
// {
// blockHash: '0xf93283571ae16dcecbe1816adc126954a739350cd1523a1559eabeae155fbb63',
// blockNumber: 100004,
// chainId: 0,
// confirmations: 11717911,
// creates: null,
// data: '0x',
// from: '0xcf00A85f3826941e7A25BFcF9Aac575d40410852',
// gasLimit: { BigNumber: "90000" },
// gasPrice: { BigNumber: "54588778004" },
// hash: '0x6f12399cc2cb42bed5b267899b08a847552e8c42a64f5eb128c1bcbd1974fb0c',
// nonce: 25,
// r: '0xb23adc880d3735e4389698dddc953fb02f1fa9b57e84d3510a2a4b3597ac2486',
// s: '0x4e856f95c4e2828933246fb4765a5bfd2ca5959840643bef0e80b4e3a243d064',
// to: '0xD9666150A9dA92d9108198a4072970805a8B3428',
// transactionIndex: 0,
// v: 27,
// value: { BigNumber: "5000000000000000000" }
// }
// ]
// } }
Ethereum Naming Service (ENS) Methods
provider . getResolver( name ) => Promise< EnsResolver >
Returns an EnsResolver instance which can be used to further inquire about specific entries for an ENS name.
provider . lookupAddress( address ) => Promise< string >
Performs a reverse lookup of the address in ENS using the Reverse Registrar. If the name does not exist, or the forward lookup does not match, null is returned.
provider . resolveName( name ) => Promise< string< Address > >
Looks up the address of name. If the name is not owned, or does not have a Resolver configured, or the Resolver does not have an address configured, null is returned.
// Reverse lookup of an ENS by address...
provider.lookupAddress("0x6fC21092DA55B392b045eD78F4732bff3C580e2c");
// { Promise: 'registrar.firefly.eth' }
// Lookup an address of an ENS name...
provider.resolveName("ricmoo.firefly.eth");
// { Promise: '0x8ba1f109551bD432803012645Ac136ddd64DBA72' }
EnsResolver
resolver . name => string
The name of this resolver.
resolver . address => string< Address >
The address of the Resolver.
resolver . getAddress( [ cointType = 60 ] ) => Promise< string >
Returns a Promise which resolves to the EIP-2304 multicoin address stored for the coinType. By default an Ethereum Address (coinType = 60) will be returned.
resolver . getContentHash( ) => Promise< string >
Returns a Promise which resolves to any stored EIP-1577 content hash.
resolver . getText( key ) => Promise< string >
Returns a Promise which resolves to any stored EIP-634 text entry for key.
Logs Methods
provider . getLogs( filter ) => Promise< Array< Log > >
Returns the Array of Log matching the filter.
Keep in mind that many backends will discard old events, and that requests which are too broad may get dropped as they require too many resources to execute the query.
Network Status Methods
provider . getNetwork( ) => Promise< Network >
Returns the Network this Provider is connected to.
provider . getBlockNumber( ) => Promise< number >
Returns the block number (or height) of the most recently mined block.
provider . getGasPrice( ) => Promise< BigNumber >
Returns a best guess of the Gas Price to use in a transaction.
provider . ready => Promise< Network >
Returns a Promise which will stall until the network has heen established, ignoring errors due to the target node not being active yet.
This can be used for testing or attaching scripts to wait until the node is up and running smoothly.
// The network information
provider.getNetwork()
// {
// chainId: 1,
// ensAddress: '0x00000000000C2E074eC69A0dFb2997BA6C7d2e1e',
// name: 'homestead'
// }
// The current block number
provider.getBlockNumber()
// { Promise: 11817914 }
// Get the current suggested gas price (in wei)...
gasPrice = await provider.getGasPrice()
// { BigNumber: "207000000000" }
// ...often this gas price is easier to understand or
// display to the user in gwei (giga-wei, or 1e9 wei)
utils.formatUnits(gasPrice, "gwei")
// '207.0'
Transactions Methods
provider . call( transaction [ , blockTag = latest ] ) => Promise< string< DataHexString > >
Returns the result of executing the transaction, using call. A call does not require any ether, but cannot change any state. This is useful for calling getters on Contracts.
provider . estimateGas( transaction ) => Promise< BigNumber >
Returns an estimate of the amount of gas that would be required to submit transaction to the network.
An estimate may not be accurate since there could be another transaction on the network that was not accounted for, but after being mined affected relevant state.
provider . getTransaction( hash ) => Promise< TransactionResponse >
Returns the transaction with hash or null if the transaction is unknown.
If a transaction has not been mined, this method will search the transaction pool. Various backends may have more restrictive transaction pool access (e.g. if the gas price is too low or the transaction was only recently sent and not yet indexed) in which case this method may also return null.
provider . getTransactionReceipt( hash ) => Promise< TransactionReceipt >
Returns the transaction receipt for hash or null if the transaction has not been mined.
To stall until the transaction has been mined, consider the waitForTransaction method below.
provider . sendTransaction( transaction ) => Promise< TransactionResponse >
Submits transaction to the network to be mined. The transaction must be signed, and be valid (i.e. the nonce is correct and the account has sufficient balance to pay for the transaction).
provider . waitForTransaction( hash [ , confirms = 1 [ , timeout ] ] ) => Promise< TxReceipt >
Returns a Promise which will not resolve until transactionHash is mined.
If confirms is 0, this method is non-blocking and if the transaction has not been mined returns null. Otherwise, this method will block until the transaction has confirms blocks mined on top of the block in which is was mined.
Event Emitter Methods
provider . on( eventName , listener ) => this
Add a listener to be triggered for each eventName event.
provider . once( eventName , listener ) => this
Add a listener to be triggered for only the next eventName event, at which time it will be removed.
provider . emit( eventName , ...args ) => boolean
Notify all listeners of the eventName event, passing args to each listener. This is generally only used internally.
provider . off( eventName [ , listener ] ) => this
Remove a listener for the eventName event. If no listener is provided, all listeners for eventName are removed.
provider . removeAllListeners( [ eventName ] ) => this
Remove all the listeners for the eventName events. If no eventName is provided, all events are removed.
provider . listenerCount( [ eventName ] ) => number
Returns the number of listeners for the eventName events. If no eventName is provided, the total number of listeners is returned.
provider . listeners( eventName ) => Array< Listener >
Returns the list of Listeners for the eventName events.
Events
Log Filter
A filter is an object, representing a contract log Filter, which has the optional properties address (the source contract) and topics (a topic-set to match).
If address is unspecified, the filter matches any contract address.
See EventFilters for more information on filtering events.
Topic-Set Filter
The value of a Topic-Set Filter is a array of Topic-Sets.
This event is identical to a Log Filter with the address omitted (i.e. from any contract).
See EventFilters for more information on filtering events.
Transaction Filter
The value of a Transaction Filter is any transaction hash.
This event is emitted on every block that is part of a chain that includes the given mined transaction. It is much more common that the once method is used than the on method.
In addition to transaction and filter events, there are several named events.
Named Provider Events
provider.on("block", (blockNumber) => {
// Emitted on every block change
})
provider.once(txHash, (transaction) => {
// Emitted when the transaction has been mined
})
// This filter could also be generated with the Contract or
// Interface API. If address is not specified, any address
// matches and if topics is not specified, any log matches
filter = {
address: "dai.tokens.ethers.eth",
topics: [
utils.id("Transfer(address,address,uint256)")
]
}
provider.on(filter, (log, event) => {
// Emitted whenever a DAI token transfer occurs
})
// Notice this is an array of topic-sets and is identical to
// using a filter with no address (i.e. match any address)
topicSets = [
utils.id("Transfer(address,address,uint256)"),
null,
[
myAddress,
myOtherAddress
]
]
provider.on(topicSets, (log, event) => {
// Emitted any token is sent TO either address
})
provider.on("pending", (tx) => {
// Emitted when any new pending transaction is noticed
});
provider.on("error", (tx) => {
// Emitted when any error occurs
});
Inspection Methods
Provider . isProvider( object ) => boolean
Returns true if and only if object is a Provider.