Release 1.4.0.

Update README.md with Ethereum example

.github/workflows/nodejs.yml

@@ -1,17 +1,23 @@
 name: Node CI
-
+on:
-on: [push, pull_request]
+  - push
+  - pull_request
 jobs:
   test:
-    name: v18 @ ubuntu-latest
+    name: v${{ matrix.node }} @ ubuntu-latest
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        node:
+          - 18
+          - 20
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1e31de5234b9f8995739874a8ce0492dc87873e2 # v4
       - name: Use Node.js ${{ matrix.node }}
-      uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+        uses: actions/setup-node@8f152de45cc393bb48ce5d89d36b731f54556e65 # v4
         with:
-        node-version: 18
+          node-version: ${{ matrix.node }}
       - run: npm install
       - run: npm run build --if-present
-    - run: npm run lint --if-present
       - run: npm test
+      - run: npm run lint --if-present

.github/workflows/publish-npm.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+name: Publish Package to npm
+on:
+  release:
+    types: [created]
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      id-token: write
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1e31de5234b9f8995739874a8ce0492dc87873e2 # v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@8f152de45cc393bb48ce5d89d36b731f54556e65 # v4
+        with:
+          node-version: 20
+          registry-url: 'https://registry.npmjs.org'
+          cache: npm
+      - run: npm install -g npm
+      - run: npm ci
+      - run: npm run build
+      - run: npm publish --provenance --access public
+        env:
+          NODE_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NPM_PUBLISH_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/upload-release.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+name: Upload standalone file to GitHub Releases
+on:
+  release:
+    types: [created]
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+      id-token: write
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1e31de5234b9f8995739874a8ce0492dc87873e2 # v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@8f152de45cc393bb48ce5d89d36b731f54556e65 # v4
+        with:
+          node-version: 20
+          registry-url: 'https://registry.npmjs.org'
+          cache: npm
+      - run: |
+          npm install -g npm
+          npm ci
+          npm run build
+          cd build
+          npm ci
+          npm run build
+          gh release upload ${{ github.event.release.tag_name }} noble-curves.js
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}

.gitignore

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
-build/
+node_modules
-node_modules/
+/*.js
-coverage/
+/esm/*.js
-/lib/**/*.js
+*.d.ts
-/lib/**/*.ts
+*.d.ts.map
-/lib/**/*.d.ts.map
+*.js.map
-/curve-definitions/lib
+/build
+/abstract
+/esm/abstract

.prettierrc.json

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 {
   "printWidth": 100,
-  "singleQuote": true
+  "singleQuote": true,
+  "trailingComma": "es5"
 }

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "files.exclude": {
+    "*.{js,d.ts,js.map,d.ts.map}": true,
+    "esm/*.{js,d.ts,js.map,d.ts.map}": true
+  }
+}

SECURITY.md

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 # Security Policy
 
+See [README's Security section](./README.md#security) for detailed description of internal security practices.
+
 ## Supported Versions
 
 | Version | Supported          |
 | ------- | ------------------ |
-| >=0.5.0   | :white_check_mark: |
+| >=1.0.0   | :white_check_mark: |
-| <0.5.0   | :x:                |
+| <1.0.0   | :x:                |
 
 ## Reporting a Vulnerability
 

audit/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Audit
+
+All audits of the library are described in [README's Security section](../README.md#security)
+
+`2023-01-trailofbits-audit-curves.pdf` file in the directory was saved from
+[github.com/trailofbits/publications](https://github.com/trailofbits/publications).
+Check out their repo and verify checksums to ensure the PDF in this directory has not been altered.

benchmark/bls.js

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { readFileSync } from 'fs';
 import { mark, run } from 'micro-bmark';
-import { bls12_381 as bls } from '../lib/bls12-381.js';
+import { bls12_381 as bls } from '../bls12-381.js';
 
 const G2_VECTORS = readFileSync('../test/bls12-381/bls12-381-g2-test-vectors.txt', 'utf-8')
   .trim()
@@ -39,6 +39,21 @@ run(async () => {
   await mark('sign', 50, () => bls.sign('09', priv));
   await mark('verify', 50, () => bls.verify(sig, '09', pub));
   await mark('pairing', 100, () => bls.pairing(p1, p2));
+
+  const scalars1 = Array(4096).fill(0).map(i => 2n ** 235n - BigInt(i));
+  const scalars2 = Array(4096).fill(0).map(i => 2n ** 241n + BigInt(i));
+  const points = scalars1.map(s => bls.G1.ProjectivePoint.BASE.multiply(s));
+  await mark('MSM 4096 scalars x points', 1, () => {
+    // naive approach, not using multi-scalar-multiplication
+    let sum = bls.G1.ProjectivePoint.ZERO;
+    for (let i = 0; i < 4096; i++) {
+      const scalar = scalars2[i];
+      const G1 = points[i];
+      const mutliplied = G1.multiplyUnsafe(scalar);
+      sum = sum.add(mutliplied);
+    }
+  });
+
   await mark('aggregatePublicKeys/8', 100, () => bls.aggregatePublicKeys(pubs.slice(0, 8)));
   await mark('aggregatePublicKeys/32', 50, () => bls.aggregatePublicKeys(pub32));
   await mark('aggregatePublicKeys/128', 20, () => bls.aggregatePublicKeys(pub128));

benchmark/curves.js

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 import { run, mark, utils } from 'micro-bmark';
 import { generateData } from './_shared.js';
-import { P256 } from '../lib/p256.js';
+import { p256 } from '../p256.js';
-import { P384 } from '../lib/p384.js';
+import { p384 } from '../p384.js';
-import { P521 } from '../lib/p521.js';
+import { p521 } from '../p521.js';
-import { ed25519 } from '../lib/ed25519.js';
+import { ed25519 } from '../ed25519.js';
-import { ed448 } from '../lib/ed448.js';
+import { ed448 } from '../ed448.js';
 
 run(async () => {
   const RAM = false
-  for (let kv of Object.entries({ P256, P384, P521, ed25519, ed448 })) {
+  for (let kv of Object.entries({ ed25519, ed448, p256, p384, p521 })) {
     const [name, curve] = kv;
     console.log();
     console.log(`\x1b[36m${name}\x1b[0m`);

benchmark/decaf448.js

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import { run, mark, utils } from 'micro-bmark';
+import { shake256 } from '@noble/hashes/sha3';
+import * as mod from '../abstract/modular.js';
+import { ed448, DecafPoint } from '../ed448.js';
+
+run(async () => {
+  const RAM = false;
+  if (RAM) utils.logMem();
+  console.log(`\x1b[36mdecaf448\x1b[0m`);
+  const priv = mod.hashToPrivateScalar(shake256(ed448.utils.randomPrivateKey(), { dkLen: 112 }), ed448.CURVE.n);
+  const pub = DecafPoint.BASE.multiply(priv);
+  const encoded = pub.toRawBytes();
+  await mark('add', 1000000, () => pub.add(DecafPoint.BASE));
+  await mark('multiply', 1000, () => DecafPoint.BASE.multiply(priv));
+  await mark('encode', 10000, () => DecafPoint.BASE.toRawBytes());
+  await mark('decode', 10000, () => DecafPoint.fromHex(encoded));
+  if (RAM) utils.logMem();
+});

benchmark/ecdh.js

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import { run, compare } from 'micro-bmark';
+import { secp256k1 } from '../secp256k1.js';
+import { p256 } from '../p256.js';
+import { p384 } from '../p384.js';
+import { p521 } from '../p521.js';
+import { x25519 } from '../ed25519.js';
+import { x448 } from '../ed448.js';
+
+run(async () => {
+  const curves = { x25519, secp256k1, p256, p384, p521, x448 };
+  const fns = {};
+  for (let [k, c] of Object.entries(curves)) {
+    const pubB = c.getPublicKey(c.utils.randomPrivateKey());
+    const privA = c.utils.randomPrivateKey();
+    fns[k] = () => c.getSharedSecret(privA, pubB);
+  }
+  await compare('ecdh', 1000, fns);
+});

benchmark/hash-to-curve.js

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import { run, mark, utils } from 'micro-bmark';
+import { hash_to_field } from '../abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
+import { hashToPrivateScalar } from '../abstract/modular.js';
+import { randomBytes } from '@noble/hashes/utils';
+import { sha256 } from '@noble/hashes/sha256';
+// import { generateData } from './_shared.js';
+import { hashToCurve as secp256k1 } from '../secp256k1.js';
+import { hashToCurve as p256 } from '../p256.js';
+import { hashToCurve as p384 } from '../p384.js';
+import { hashToCurve as p521 } from '../p521.js';
+import { hashToCurve as ed25519, hash_to_ristretto255 } from '../ed25519.js';
+import { hashToCurve as ed448, hash_to_decaf448 } from '../ed448.js';
+import { utf8ToBytes } from '../abstract/utils.js';
+
+const N = 0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffebaaedce6af48a03bbfd25e8cd0364141n;
+run(async () => {
+  const rand = randomBytes(40);
+  await mark('hashToPrivateScalar', 1000000, () => hashToPrivateScalar(rand, N));
+  // - p, the characteristic of F
+  // - m, the extension degree of F, m >= 1
+  // - L = ceil((ceil(log2(p)) + k) / 8), where k is the security of suite (e.g. 128)
+  await mark('hash_to_field', 1000000, () =>
+    hash_to_field(rand, 1, { DST: 'secp256k1', hash: sha256, expand: 'xmd', p: N, m: 1, k: 128 })
+  );
+  const msg = utf8ToBytes('message');
+  for (let [title, fn] of Object.entries({ secp256k1, p256, p384, p521, ed25519, ed448 })) {
+    await mark(`hashToCurve ${title}`, 1000, () => fn(msg));
+  }
+
+  await mark('hash_to_ristretto255', 1000, () => hash_to_ristretto255(msg, { DST: 'ristretto255_XMD:SHA-512_R255MAP_RO_' }));
+  await mark('hash_to_decaf448', 1000, () => hash_to_decaf448(msg, { DST: 'decaf448_XOF:SHAKE256_D448MAP_RO_' }));
+});

benchmark/modular.js

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import { run, mark } from 'micro-bmark';
+import { secp256k1 } from '../secp256k1.js';
+import { Field as Fp  } from '../abstract/modular.js';
+
+run(async () => {
+  console.log(`\x1b[36mmodular, secp256k1 field\x1b[0m`);
+  const { Fp: secpFp } = secp256k1.CURVE;
+  await mark('invert a', 300000, () => secpFp.inv(2n ** 232n - 5910n));
+  await mark('invert b', 300000, () => secpFp.inv(2n ** 231n - 5910n));
+  await mark('sqrt p = 3 mod 4', 15000, () => secpFp.sqrt(2n ** 231n - 5910n));
+  const FpStark = Fp(BigInt('0x800000000000011000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001'));
+  await mark('sqrt tonneli-shanks', 500, () => FpStark.sqrt(2n ** 231n - 5909n))
+});

benchmark/package.json

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@noble/hashes": "^1.1.5",
-    "@starkware-industries/starkware-crypto-utils": "^0.0.2",
     "elliptic": "^6.5.4"
   }
 }

benchmark/ristretto255.js

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import { run, mark, utils } from 'micro-bmark';
+import { sha512 } from '@noble/hashes/sha512';
+import * as mod from '../abstract/modular.js';
+import { ed25519, RistrettoPoint } from '../ed25519.js';
+
+run(async () => {
+  const RAM = false;
+  if (RAM) utils.logMem();
+  console.log(`\x1b[36mristretto255\x1b[0m`);
+  const priv = mod.hashToPrivateScalar(sha512(ed25519.utils.randomPrivateKey()), ed25519.CURVE.n);
+  const pub = RistrettoPoint.BASE.multiply(priv);
+  const encoded = pub.toRawBytes();
+  await mark('add', 1000000, () => pub.add(RistrettoPoint.BASE));
+  await mark('multiply', 10000, () => RistrettoPoint.BASE.multiply(priv));
+  await mark('encode', 10000, () => RistrettoPoint.BASE.toRawBytes());
+  await mark('decode', 10000, () => RistrettoPoint.fromHex(encoded));
+  if (RAM) utils.logMem();
+});

benchmark/secp256k1.js

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { run, mark, utils } from 'micro-bmark';
-import { secp256k1, schnorr } from '../lib/secp256k1.js';
+import { secp256k1, schnorr } from '../secp256k1.js';
 import { generateData } from './_shared.js';
 
 run(async () => {

benchmark/stark.js

@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-import { run, mark, compare, utils } from 'micro-bmark';
-import * as starkwareCrypto from '@starkware-industries/starkware-crypto-utils';
-import * as stark from '../lib/stark.js';
-
-run(async () => {
-  const RAM = false;
-  if (RAM) utils.logMem();
-  console.log(`\x1b[36mstark\x1b[0m`);
-  await mark('init', 1, () => stark.utils.precompute(8));
-  const d = (() => {
-    const priv = '2dccce1da22003777062ee0870e9881b460a8b7eca276870f57c601f182136c';
-    const msg = 'c465dd6b1bbffdb05442eb17f5ca38ad1aa78a6f56bf4415bdee219114a47';
-    const pub = stark.getPublicKey(priv);
-    const sig = stark.sign(msg, priv);
-
-    const privateKey = '2dccce1da22003777062ee0870e9881b460a8b7eca276870f57c601f182136c';
-    const msgHash = 'c465dd6b1bbffdb05442eb17f5ca38ad1aa78a6f56bf4415bdee219114a47';
-    const keyPair = starkwareCrypto.default.ec.keyFromPrivate(privateKey, 'hex');
-    const publicKeyStark = starkwareCrypto.default.ec.keyFromPublic(
-      keyPair.getPublic(true, 'hex'),
-      'hex'
-    );
-    return { priv, sig, msg, pub, publicKeyStark, msgHash, keyPair };
-  })();
-  await compare('pedersen', 500, {
-    old: () => {
-      return starkwareCrypto.default.pedersen([
-        '3d937c035c878245caf64531a5756109c53068da139362728feb561405371cb',
-        '208a0a10250e382e1e4bbe2880906c2791bf6275695e02fbbc6aeff9cd8b31a',
-      ]);
-    },
-    noble: () => {
-      return stark.pedersen(
-        '3d937c035c878245caf64531a5756109c53068da139362728feb561405371cb',
-        '208a0a10250e382e1e4bbe2880906c2791bf6275695e02fbbc6aeff9cd8b31a'
-      );
-    },
-  });
-  await mark('poseidon', 10000, () => stark.poseidonHash(
-    0x3d937c035c878245caf64531a5756109c53068da139362728feb561405371cbn,
-    0x208a0a10250e382e1e4bbe2880906c2791bf6275695e02fbbc6aeff9cd8b31an
-  ));
-  await compare('verify', 500, {
-    old: () => {
-      return starkwareCrypto.default.verify(
-        d.publicKeyStark,
-        d.msgHash,
-        starkwareCrypto.default.sign(d.keyPair, d.msgHash)
-      );
-    },
-    noble: () => {
-      return stark.verify(stark.sign(d.msg, d.priv), d.msg, d.pub);
-    },
-  });
-  if (RAM) utils.logMem();
-});

benchmark/utils.js

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import { hexToBytes } from '../abstract/utils.js';
+import { run, mark } from 'micro-bmark';
+
+run(async () => {
+  const hex32 = '0123456789abcdef'.repeat(4);
+  const hex256 = hex32.repeat(8);
+  await mark('hexToBytes 32b', 5000000, () => hexToBytes(hex32));
+  await mark('hexToBytes 256b', 500000, () => hexToBytes(hex256));
+});

build/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# build
+
+The directory is used to build a single file `noble-curves.js` which contains everything.
+
+The output file uses iife wrapper and can be used in browsers as-is.
+
+Don't use it unless you can't use NPM/ESM, which support tree shaking.

build/input.js

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import { bytesToHex, concatBytes, hexToBytes, utf8ToBytes } from '@noble/curves/abstract/utils';
+
+export { secp256k1, schnorr as secp256k1_schnorr } from '@noble/curves/secp256k1';
+export {
+  ed25519,
+  x25519,
+  edwardsToMontgomeryPub as ed25519_edwardsToMontgomeryPub,
+  edwardsToMontgomeryPriv as ed25519_edwardsToMontgomeryPriv,
+} from '@noble/curves/ed25519';
+export {
+  ed448,
+  x448,
+  edwardsToMontgomeryPub as ed448_edwardsToMontgomeryPub,
+} from '@noble/curves/ed448';
+export { p256 } from '@noble/curves/p256';
+export { p384 } from '@noble/curves/p384';
+export { p521 } from '@noble/curves/p521';
+export { bls12_381 } from '@noble/curves/bls12-381';
+
+export const utils = { bytesToHex, concatBytes, hexToBytes, utf8ToBytes };

build/package-lock.json

@@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
+{
+  "name": "build",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "lockfileVersion": 3,
+  "requires": true,
+  "packages": {
+    "": {
+      "name": "build",
+      "version": "1.0.0",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "devDependencies": {
+        "@noble/curves": "file:..",
+        "esbuild": "0.20.1"
+      }
+    },
+    "..": {
+      "name": "@noble/curves",
+      "version": "1.4.0",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@noble/hashes": "1.4.0"
+      },
+      "devDependencies": {
+        "fast-check": "3.0.0",
+        "micro-bmark": "0.3.1",
+        "micro-should": "0.4.0",
+        "prettier": "3.1.1",
+        "typescript": "5.3.2"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/aix-ppc64": {
+      "version": "0.20.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/aix-ppc64/-/aix-ppc64-0.20.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-m55cpeupQ2DbuRGQMMZDzbv9J9PgVelPjlcmM5kxHnrBdBx6REaEd7LamYV7Dm8N7rCyR/XwU6rVP8ploKtIkA==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "ppc64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "aix"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/android-arm": {
+      "version": "0.20.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/android-arm/-/android-arm-0.20.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-4j0+G27/2ZXGWR5okcJi7pQYhmkVgb4D7UKwxcqrjhvp5TKWx3cUjgB1CGj1mfdmJBQ9VnUGgUhign+FPF2Zgw==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "android"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/android-arm64": {
+      "version": "0.20.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/android-arm64/-/android-arm64-0.20.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-hCnXNF0HM6AjowP+Zou0ZJMWWa1VkD77BXe959zERgGJBBxB+sV+J9f/rcjeg2c5bsukD/n17RKWXGFCO5dD5A==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "android"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/android-x64": {
+      "version": "0.20.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/android-x64/-/android-x64-0.20.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-MSfZMBoAsnhpS+2yMFYIQUPs8Z19ajwfuaSZx+tSl09xrHZCjbeXXMsUF/0oq7ojxYEpsSo4c0SfjxOYXRbpaA==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "android"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/darwin-arm64": {
+      "version": "0.20.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/darwin-arm64/-/darwin-arm64-0.20.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Ylk6rzgMD8klUklGPzS414UQLa5NPXZD5tf8JmQU8GQrj6BrFA/Ic9tb2zRe1kOZyCbGl+e8VMbDRazCEBqPvA==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "darwin"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/darwin-x64": {
+      "version": "0.20.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/darwin-x64/-/darwin-x64-0.20.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-pFIfj7U2w5sMp52wTY1XVOdoxw+GDwy9FsK3OFz4BpMAjvZVs0dT1VXs8aQm22nhwoIWUmIRaE+4xow8xfIDZA==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "darwin"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
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+      }
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+        "win32"
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+      "engines": {
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+        "ia32"
+      ],
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+      "optional": true,
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+        "win32"
+      ],
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+      }
+    },
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+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "win32"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@noble/curves": {
+      "resolved": "..",
+      "link": true
+    },
+    "node_modules/esbuild": {
+      "version": "0.20.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/esbuild/-/esbuild-0.20.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-OJwEgrpWm/PCMsLVWXKqvcjme3bHNpOgN7Tb6cQnR5n0TPbQx1/Xrn7rqM+wn17bYeT6MGB5sn1Bh5YiGi70nA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "hasInstallScript": true,
+      "bin": {
+        "esbuild": "bin/esbuild"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12"
+      },
+      "optionalDependencies": {
+        "@esbuild/aix-ppc64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/android-arm": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/android-arm64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/android-x64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/darwin-arm64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/darwin-x64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/freebsd-arm64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/freebsd-x64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/linux-arm": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/linux-arm64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/linux-ia32": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/linux-loong64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/linux-mips64el": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/linux-ppc64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/linux-riscv64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/linux-s390x": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/linux-x64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/netbsd-x64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/openbsd-x64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/sunos-x64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/win32-arm64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/win32-ia32": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/win32-x64": "0.20.1"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

build/package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+  "name": "build",
+  "private": true,
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "description": "Used to build a single file",
+  "main": "input.js",
+  "keywords": [],
+  "type": "module",
+  "author": "",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@noble/curves": "file:..",
+    "esbuild": "0.20.1"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "build": "npx esbuild --bundle input.js --outfile=noble-curves.js --global-name=nobleCurves"
+  }
+}

esm/package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "type": "module",
+  "sideEffects": false
+}

lib/esm/package.json

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "type": "module",
-  "browser": {
-    "crypto": false,
-    "./crypto": "./esm/cryptoBrowser.js"
-  }
-}

package-lock.json

@@ -1,107 +1,37 @@
 {
   "name": "@noble/curves",
-  "version": "0.6.2",
+  "version": "1.3.0",
   "lockfileVersion": 3,
   "requires": true,
   "packages": {
     "": {
       "name": "@noble/curves",
-      "version": "0.6.2",
+      "version": "1.3.0",
-      "funding": [
-        {
-          "type": "individual",
-          "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
-        }
-      ],
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@noble/hashes": "1.2.0"
+        "@noble/hashes": "1.4.0"
       },
       "devDependencies": {
-        "@scure/base": "~1.1.1",
-        "@scure/bip32": "~1.1.5",
-        "@scure/bip39": "~1.1.1",
-        "@types/node": "18.11.3",
         "fast-check": "3.0.0",
-        "micro-bmark": "0.3.0",
+        "micro-bmark": "0.3.1",
         "micro-should": "0.4.0",
-        "prettier": "2.8.3",
+        "prettier": "3.1.1",
-        "typescript": "4.7.3"
+        "typescript": "5.3.2"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@noble/hashes": {
-      "version": "1.2.0",
+      "version": "1.4.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@noble/hashes/-/hashes-1.2.0.tgz",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@noble/hashes/-/hashes-1.4.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-FZfhjEDbT5GRswV3C6uvLPHMiVD6lQBmpoX5+eSiPaMTXte/IKqI5dykDxzZB/WBeK/CDuQRBWarPdi3FNY2zQ==",
+      "integrity": "sha512-V1JJ1WTRUqHHrOSh597hURcMqVKVGL/ea3kv0gSnEdsEZ0/+VyPghM1lMNGc00z7CIQorSvbKpuJkxvuHbvdbg==",
-      "funding": [
+      "engines": {
-        {
+        "node": ">= 16"
-          "type": "individual",
+      },
+      "funding": {
         "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
       }
-      ]
-    },
-    "node_modules/@noble/secp256k1": {
-      "version": "1.7.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@noble/secp256k1/-/secp256k1-1.7.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-hOUk6AyBFmqVrv7k5WAw/LpszxVbj9gGN4JRkIX52fdFAj1UA61KXmZDvqVEm+pOyec3+fIeZB02LYa/pWOArw==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "funding": [
-        {
-          "type": "individual",
-          "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
-        }
-      ]
-    },
-    "node_modules/@scure/base": {
-      "version": "1.1.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@scure/base/-/base-1.1.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-ZxOhsSyxYwLJj3pLZCefNitxsj093tb2vq90mp2txoYeBqbcjDjqFhyM8eUjq/uFm6zJ+mUuqxlS2FkuSY1MTA==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "funding": [
-        {
-          "type": "individual",
-          "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
-        }
-      ]
-    },
-    "node_modules/@scure/bip32": {
-      "version": "1.1.5",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@scure/bip32/-/bip32-1.1.5.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-XyNh1rB0SkEqd3tXcXMi+Xe1fvg+kUIcoRIEujP1Jgv7DqW2r9lg3Ah0NkFaCs9sTkQAQA8kw7xiRXzENi9Rtw==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "funding": [
-        {
-          "type": "individual",
-          "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
-        }
-      ],
-      "dependencies": {
-        "@noble/hashes": "~1.2.0",
-        "@noble/secp256k1": "~1.7.0",
-        "@scure/base": "~1.1.0"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@scure/bip39": {
-      "version": "1.1.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@scure/bip39/-/bip39-1.1.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-t+wDck2rVkh65Hmv280fYdVdY25J9YeEUIgn2LG1WM6gxFkGzcksoDiUkWVpVp3Oex9xGC68JU2dSbUfwZ2jPg==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "funding": [
-        {
-          "type": "individual",
-          "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
-        }
-      ],
-      "dependencies": {
-        "@noble/hashes": "~1.2.0",
-        "@scure/base": "~1.1.0"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@types/node": {
-      "version": "18.11.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/node/-/node-18.11.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-fNjDQzzOsZeKZu5NATgXUPsaFaTxeRgFXoosrHivTl8RGeV733OLawXsGfEk9a8/tySyZUyiZ6E8LcjPFZ2y1A==",
-      "dev": true
     },
     "node_modules/fast-check": {
       "version": "3.0.0",
@@ -120,9 +50,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/micro-bmark": {
-      "version": "0.3.0",
+      "version": "0.3.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/micro-bmark/-/micro-bmark-0.3.0.tgz",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/micro-bmark/-/micro-bmark-0.3.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-rYu+AtUq8lC3zPCoxkOOtwhgJoMpCDGe0/BXUCkj6+H9f/U/TunH/n/qkN98yh04dCCtDV8Aj9uYO3+DKxYrcw==",
+      "integrity": "sha512-bNaKObD4yPAAPrpEqp5jO6LJ2sEFgLoFSmRjEY809mJ62+2AehI/K3+RlVpN3Oo92RHpgC2RQhj6b1Tb4dmo+w==",
       "dev": true
     },
     "node_modules/micro-should": {
@@ -132,15 +62,15 @@
       "dev": true
     },
     "node_modules/prettier": {
-      "version": "2.8.3",
+      "version": "3.1.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/prettier/-/prettier-2.8.3.tgz",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/prettier/-/prettier-3.1.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-tJ/oJ4amDihPoufT5sM0Z1SKEuKay8LfVAMlbbhnnkvt6BUserZylqo2PN+p9KeljLr0OHa2rXHU1T8reeoTrw==",
+      "integrity": "sha512-22UbSzg8luF4UuZtzgiUOfcGM8s4tjBv6dJRT7j275NXsy2jb4aJa4NNveul5x4eqlF1wuhuR2RElK71RvmVaw==",
       "dev": true,
       "bin": {
-        "prettier": "bin-prettier.js"
+        "prettier": "bin/prettier.cjs"
       },
       "engines": {
-        "node": ">=10.13.0"
+        "node": ">=14"
       },
       "funding": {
         "url": "https://github.com/prettier/prettier?sponsor=1"
@@ -163,16 +93,16 @@
       ]
     },
     "node_modules/typescript": {
-      "version": "4.7.3",
+      "version": "5.3.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typescript/-/typescript-4.7.3.tgz",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typescript/-/typescript-5.3.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-WOkT3XYvrpXx4vMMqlD+8R8R37fZkjyLGlxavMc4iB8lrl8L0DeTcHbYgw/v0N/z9wAFsgBhcsF0ruoySS22mA==",
+      "integrity": "sha512-6l+RyNy7oAHDfxC4FzSJcz9vnjTKxrLpDG5M2Vu4SHRVNg6xzqZp6LYSR9zjqQTu8DU/f5xwxUdADOkbrIX2gQ==",
       "dev": true,
       "bin": {
         "tsc": "bin/tsc",
         "tsserver": "bin/tsserver"
       },
       "engines": {
-        "node": ">=4.2.0"
+        "node": ">=14.17"
       }
     }
   }

package.json

@@ -1,14 +1,21 @@
 {
   "name": "@noble/curves",
-  "version": "0.6.3",
+  "version": "1.4.0",
-  "description": "Minimal, auditable JS implementation of elliptic curve cryptography",
+  "description": "Audited & minimal JS implementation of elliptic curve cryptography",
   "files": [
-    "lib"
+    "abstract",
+    "esm",
+    "src",
+    "*.js",
+    "*.js.map",
+    "*.d.ts",
+    "*.d.ts.map"
   ],
   "scripts": {
-    "bench": "cd benchmark; node secp256k1.js; node curves.js; node stark.js; node bls.js",
+    "bench": "cd benchmark; node secp256k1.js; node curves.js; node ecdh.js; node hash-to-curve.js; node modular.js; node bls.js; node ristretto255.js; node decaf448.js",
     "build": "tsc && tsc -p tsconfig.esm.json",
-    "build:release": "rollup -c rollup.config.js",
+    "build:release": "cd build && npm i && npm run build",
+    "build:clean": "rm *.{js,d.ts,d.ts.map,js.map} esm/*.{js,d.ts,d.ts.map,js.map} 2> /dev/null",
     "lint": "prettier --check 'src/**/*.{js,ts}' 'test/*.js'",
     "format": "prettier --write 'src/**/*.{js,ts}' 'test/*.js'",
     "test": "node test/index.test.js"
@@ -17,149 +24,131 @@
   "homepage": "https://paulmillr.com/noble/",
   "repository": {
     "type": "git",
-    "url": "https://github.com/paulmillr/noble-curves.git"
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/paulmillr/noble-curves.git"
   },
   "license": "MIT",
   "dependencies": {
-    "@noble/hashes": "1.2.0"
+    "@noble/hashes": "1.4.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@scure/base": "~1.1.1",
-    "@scure/bip32": "~1.1.5",
-    "@scure/bip39": "~1.1.1",
-    "@types/node": "18.11.3",
     "fast-check": "3.0.0",
-    "micro-bmark": "0.3.0",
+    "micro-bmark": "0.3.1",
     "micro-should": "0.4.0",
-    "prettier": "2.8.3",
+    "prettier": "3.1.1",
-    "typescript": "4.7.3"
+    "typescript": "5.3.2"
   },
+  "sideEffects": false,
   "main": "index.js",
   "exports": {
     ".": {
-      "types": "./lib/index.d.ts",
+      "types": "./index.d.ts",
-      "import": "./lib/esm/index.js",
+      "import": "./esm/index.js",
-      "default": "./lib/index.js"
+      "default": "./index.js"
     },
     "./abstract/edwards": {
-      "types": "./lib/abstract/edwards.d.ts",
+      "types": "./abstract/edwards.d.ts",
-      "import": "./lib/esm/abstract/edwards.js",
+      "import": "./esm/abstract/edwards.js",
-      "default": "./lib/abstract/edwards.js"
+      "default": "./abstract/edwards.js"
     },
     "./abstract/modular": {
-      "types": "./lib/abstract/modular.d.ts",
+      "types": "./abstract/modular.d.ts",
-      "import": "./lib/esm/abstract/modular.js",
+      "import": "./esm/abstract/modular.js",
-      "default": "./lib/abstract/modular.js"
+      "default": "./abstract/modular.js"
     },
     "./abstract/montgomery": {
-      "types": "./lib/abstract/montgomery.d.ts",
+      "types": "./abstract/montgomery.d.ts",
-      "import": "./lib/esm/abstract/montgomery.js",
+      "import": "./esm/abstract/montgomery.js",
-      "default": "./lib/abstract/montgomery.js"
+      "default": "./abstract/montgomery.js"
     },
     "./abstract/weierstrass": {
-      "types": "./lib/abstract/weierstrass.d.ts",
+      "types": "./abstract/weierstrass.d.ts",
-      "import": "./lib/esm/abstract/weierstrass.js",
+      "import": "./esm/abstract/weierstrass.js",
-      "default": "./lib/abstract/weierstrass.js"
+      "default": "./abstract/weierstrass.js"
     },
     "./abstract/bls": {
-      "types": "./lib/abstract/bls.d.ts",
+      "types": "./abstract/bls.d.ts",
-      "import": "./lib/esm/abstract/bls.js",
+      "import": "./esm/abstract/bls.js",
-      "default": "./lib/abstract/bls.js"
+      "default": "./abstract/bls.js"
     },
     "./abstract/hash-to-curve": {
-      "types": "./lib/abstract/hash-to-curve.d.ts",
+      "types": "./abstract/hash-to-curve.d.ts",
-      "import": "./lib/esm/abstract/hash-to-curve.js",
+      "import": "./esm/abstract/hash-to-curve.js",
-      "default": "./lib/abstract/hash-to-curve.js"
+      "default": "./abstract/hash-to-curve.js"
     },
     "./abstract/curve": {
-      "types": "./lib/abstract/curve.d.ts",
+      "types": "./abstract/curve.d.ts",
-      "import": "./lib/esm/abstract/curve.js",
+      "import": "./esm/abstract/curve.js",
-      "default": "./lib/abstract/curve.js"
+      "default": "./abstract/curve.js"
     },
     "./abstract/utils": {
-      "types": "./lib/abstract/utils.d.ts",
+      "types": "./abstract/utils.d.ts",
-      "import": "./lib/esm/abstract/utils.js",
+      "import": "./esm/abstract/utils.js",
-      "default": "./lib/abstract/utils.js"
+      "default": "./abstract/utils.js"
     },
     "./abstract/poseidon": {
-      "types": "./lib/abstract/poseidon.d.ts",
+      "types": "./abstract/poseidon.d.ts",
-      "import": "./lib/esm/abstract/poseidon.js",
+      "import": "./esm/abstract/poseidon.js",
-      "default": "./lib/abstract/poseidon.js"
+      "default": "./abstract/poseidon.js"
     },
     "./_shortw_utils": {
-      "types": "./lib/_shortw_utils.d.ts",
+      "types": "./_shortw_utils.d.ts",
-      "import": "./lib/esm/_shortw_utils.js",
+      "import": "./esm/_shortw_utils.js",
-      "default": "./lib/_shortw_utils.js"
+      "default": "./_shortw_utils.js"
     },
     "./bls12-381": {
-      "types": "./lib/bls12-381.d.ts",
+      "types": "./bls12-381.d.ts",
-      "import": "./lib/esm/bls12-381.js",
+      "import": "./esm/bls12-381.js",
-      "default": "./lib/bls12-381.js"
+      "default": "./bls12-381.js"
     },
-    "./bn": {
+    "./bn254": {
-      "types": "./lib/bn.d.ts",
+      "types": "./bn254.d.ts",
-      "import": "./lib/esm/bn.js",
+      "import": "./esm/bn254.js",
-      "default": "./lib/bn.js"
+      "default": "./bn254.js"
     },
     "./ed25519": {
-      "types": "./lib/ed25519.d.ts",
+      "types": "./ed25519.d.ts",
-      "import": "./lib/esm/ed25519.js",
+      "import": "./esm/ed25519.js",
-      "default": "./lib/ed25519.js"
+      "default": "./ed25519.js"
     },
     "./ed448": {
-      "types": "./lib/ed448.d.ts",
+      "types": "./ed448.d.ts",
-      "import": "./lib/esm/ed448.js",
+      "import": "./esm/ed448.js",
-      "default": "./lib/ed448.js"
+      "default": "./ed448.js"
     },
     "./index": {
-      "types": "./lib/index.d.ts",
+      "types": "./index.d.ts",
-      "import": "./lib/esm/index.js",
+      "import": "./esm/index.js",
-      "default": "./lib/index.js"
+      "default": "./index.js"
     },
     "./jubjub": {
-      "types": "./lib/jubjub.d.ts",
+      "types": "./jubjub.d.ts",
-      "import": "./lib/esm/jubjub.js",
+      "import": "./esm/jubjub.js",
-      "default": "./lib/jubjub.js"
+      "default": "./jubjub.js"
-    },
-    "./p192": {
-      "types": "./lib/p192.d.ts",
-      "import": "./lib/esm/p192.js",
-      "default": "./lib/p192.js"
-    },
-    "./p224": {
-      "types": "./lib/p224.d.ts",
-      "import": "./lib/esm/p224.js",
-      "default": "./lib/p224.js"
     },
     "./p256": {
-      "types": "./lib/p256.d.ts",
+      "types": "./p256.d.ts",
-      "import": "./lib/esm/p256.js",
+      "import": "./esm/p256.js",
-      "default": "./lib/p256.js"
+      "default": "./p256.js"
     },
     "./p384": {
-      "types": "./lib/p384.d.ts",
+      "types": "./p384.d.ts",
-      "import": "./lib/esm/p384.js",
+      "import": "./esm/p384.js",
-      "default": "./lib/p384.js"
+      "default": "./p384.js"
     },
     "./p521": {
-      "types": "./lib/p521.d.ts",
+      "types": "./p521.d.ts",
-      "import": "./lib/esm/p521.js",
+      "import": "./esm/p521.js",
-      "default": "./lib/p521.js"
+      "default": "./p521.js"
     },
     "./pasta": {
-      "types": "./lib/pasta.d.ts",
+      "types": "./pasta.d.ts",
-      "import": "./lib/esm/pasta.js",
+      "import": "./esm/pasta.js",
-      "default": "./lib/pasta.js"
+      "default": "./pasta.js"
     },
     "./secp256k1": {
-      "types": "./lib/secp256k1.d.ts",
+      "types": "./secp256k1.d.ts",
-      "import": "./lib/esm/secp256k1.js",
+      "import": "./esm/secp256k1.js",
-      "default": "./lib/secp256k1.js"
+      "default": "./secp256k1.js"
-    },
-    "./stark": {
-      "types": "./lib/stark.d.ts",
-      "import": "./lib/esm/stark.js",
-      "default": "./lib/stark.js"
     }
   },
   "keywords": [
@@ -176,20 +165,17 @@
     "secp256k1",
     "ed25519",
     "ed448",
+    "x25519",
+    "ed25519",
     "bls12-381",
     "bn254",
     "pasta",
     "bls",
-    "nist",
+    "noble",
     "ecc",
     "ecdsa",
     "eddsa",
     "schnorr"
   ],
-  "funding": [
+  "funding": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
-    {
-      "type": "individual",
-      "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
-    }
-  ]
 }

src/_shortw_utils.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { concatBytes, randomBytes } from '@noble/hashes/utils';
 import { weierstrass, CurveType } from './abstract/weierstrass.js';
 import { CHash } from './abstract/utils.js';
 
+// connects noble-curves to noble-hashes
 export function getHash(hash: CHash) {
   return {
     hash,

src/abstract/bls.ts

@@ -12,9 +12,13 @@
  * Some projects may prefer to swap this relation, it is not supported for now.
  */
 import { AffinePoint } from './curve.js';
-import { Field, hashToPrivateScalar } from './modular.js';
+import { IField, getMinHashLength, mapHashToField } from './modular.js';
-import { Hex, PrivKey, CHash, bitLen, bitGet, hexToBytes, bytesToHex } from './utils.js';
+import { Hex, PrivKey, CHash, bitLen, bitGet, ensureBytes } from './utils.js';
-import * as htf from './hash-to-curve.js';
+// prettier-ignore
+import {
+  MapToCurve, Opts as HTFOpts, H2CPointConstructor, htfBasicOpts,
+  createHasher
+} from './hash-to-curve.js';
 import {
   CurvePointsType,
   ProjPointType as ProjPointType,
@@ -24,69 +28,85 @@ import {
 
 type Fp = bigint; // Can be different field?
 
+// prettier-ignore
+const _2n = BigInt(2), _3n = BigInt(3);
+
+export type ShortSignatureCoder<Fp> = {
+  fromHex(hex: Hex): ProjPointType<Fp>;
+  toRawBytes(point: ProjPointType<Fp>): Uint8Array;
+  toHex(point: ProjPointType<Fp>): string;
+};
+
 export type SignatureCoder<Fp2> = {
-  decode(hex: Hex): ProjPointType<Fp2>;
+  fromHex(hex: Hex): ProjPointType<Fp2>;
-  encode(point: ProjPointType<Fp2>): Uint8Array;
+  toRawBytes(point: ProjPointType<Fp2>): Uint8Array;
+  toHex(point: ProjPointType<Fp2>): string;
 };
 
 export type CurveType<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12> = {
-  r: bigint;
   G1: Omit<CurvePointsType<Fp>, 'n'> & {
-    mapToCurve: htf.MapToCurve<Fp>;
+    ShortSignature: SignatureCoder<Fp>;
-    htfDefaults: htf.Opts;
+    mapToCurve: MapToCurve<Fp>;
+    htfDefaults: HTFOpts;
   };
   G2: Omit<CurvePointsType<Fp2>, 'n'> & {
     Signature: SignatureCoder<Fp2>;
-    mapToCurve: htf.MapToCurve<Fp2>;
+    mapToCurve: MapToCurve<Fp2>;
-    htfDefaults: htf.Opts;
+    htfDefaults: HTFOpts;
   };
-  x: bigint;
+  fields: {
-  Fp: Field<Fp>;
+    Fp: IField<Fp>;
-  Fr: Field<bigint>;
+    Fr: IField<bigint>;
-  Fp2: Field<Fp2> & {
+    Fp2: IField<Fp2> & {
       reim: (num: Fp2) => { re: bigint; im: bigint };
       multiplyByB: (num: Fp2) => Fp2;
       frobeniusMap(num: Fp2, power: number): Fp2;
     };
-  Fp6: Field<Fp6>;
+    Fp6: IField<Fp6>;
-  Fp12: Field<Fp12> & {
+    Fp12: IField<Fp12> & {
       frobeniusMap(num: Fp12, power: number): Fp12;
       multiplyBy014(num: Fp12, o0: Fp2, o1: Fp2, o4: Fp2): Fp12;
       conjugate(num: Fp12): Fp12;
       finalExponentiate(num: Fp12): Fp12;
     };
-  htfDefaults: htf.Opts;
+  };
+  params: {
+    x: bigint;
+    r: bigint;
+  };
+  htfDefaults: HTFOpts;
   hash: CHash; // Because we need outputLen for DRBG
   randomBytes: (bytesLength?: number) => Uint8Array;
 };
 
 export type CurveFn<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12> = {
-  CURVE: CurveType<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12>;
-  Fr: Field<bigint>;
-  Fp: Field<Fp>;
-  Fp2: Field<Fp2>;
-  Fp6: Field<Fp6>;
-  Fp12: Field<Fp12>;
-  G1: CurvePointsRes<Fp>;
-  G2: CurvePointsRes<Fp2>;
-  Signature: SignatureCoder<Fp2>;
-  millerLoop: (ell: [Fp2, Fp2, Fp2][], g1: [Fp, Fp]) => Fp12;
-  calcPairingPrecomputes: (p: AffinePoint<Fp2>) => [Fp2, Fp2, Fp2][];
-  // prettier-ignore
-  hashToCurve: {
-    G1: ReturnType<(typeof htf.hashToCurve<Fp>)>,
-    G2: ReturnType<(typeof htf.hashToCurve<Fp2>)>,
-  },
-  pairing: (P: ProjPointType<Fp>, Q: ProjPointType<Fp2>, withFinalExponent?: boolean) => Fp12;
   getPublicKey: (privateKey: PrivKey) => Uint8Array;
+  getPublicKeyForShortSignatures: (privateKey: PrivKey) => Uint8Array;
   sign: {
-    (message: Hex, privateKey: PrivKey): Uint8Array;
+    (message: Hex, privateKey: PrivKey, htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts): Uint8Array;
-    (message: ProjPointType<Fp2>, privateKey: PrivKey): ProjPointType<Fp2>;
+    (message: ProjPointType<Fp2>, privateKey: PrivKey, htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts): ProjPointType<Fp2>;
+  };
+  signShortSignature: {
+    (message: Hex, privateKey: PrivKey, htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts): Uint8Array;
+    (message: ProjPointType<Fp>, privateKey: PrivKey, htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts): ProjPointType<Fp>;
   };
   verify: (
     signature: Hex | ProjPointType<Fp2>,
     message: Hex | ProjPointType<Fp2>,
-    publicKey: Hex | ProjPointType<Fp>
+    publicKey: Hex | ProjPointType<Fp>,
+    htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts
+  ) => boolean;
+  verifyShortSignature: (
+    signature: Hex | ProjPointType<Fp>,
+    message: Hex | ProjPointType<Fp>,
+    publicKey: Hex | ProjPointType<Fp2>,
+    htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts
+  ) => boolean;
+  verifyBatch: (
+    signature: Hex | ProjPointType<Fp2>,
+    messages: (Hex | ProjPointType<Fp2>)[],
+    publicKeys: (Hex | ProjPointType<Fp>)[],
+    htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts
   ) => boolean;
   aggregatePublicKeys: {
     (publicKeys: Hex[]): Uint8Array;
@@ -96,25 +116,41 @@ export type CurveFn<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12> = {
     (signatures: Hex[]): Uint8Array;
     (signatures: ProjPointType<Fp2>[]): ProjPointType<Fp2>;
   };
-  verifyBatch: (
+  aggregateShortSignatures: {
-    signature: Hex | ProjPointType<Fp2>,
+    (signatures: Hex[]): Uint8Array;
-    messages: (Hex | ProjPointType<Fp2>)[],
+    (signatures: ProjPointType<Fp>[]): ProjPointType<Fp>;
-    publicKeys: (Hex | ProjPointType<Fp>)[]
+  };
-  ) => boolean;
+  millerLoop: (ell: [Fp2, Fp2, Fp2][], g1: [Fp, Fp]) => Fp12;
+  pairing: (P: ProjPointType<Fp>, Q: ProjPointType<Fp2>, withFinalExponent?: boolean) => Fp12;
+  G1: CurvePointsRes<Fp> & ReturnType<typeof createHasher<Fp>>;
+  G2: CurvePointsRes<Fp2> & ReturnType<typeof createHasher<Fp2>>;
+  Signature: SignatureCoder<Fp2>;
+  ShortSignature: ShortSignatureCoder<Fp>;
+  params: {
+    x: bigint;
+    r: bigint;
+    G1b: bigint;
+    G2b: Fp2;
+  };
+  fields: {
+    Fp: IField<Fp>;
+    Fp2: IField<Fp2>;
+    Fp6: IField<Fp6>;
+    Fp12: IField<Fp12>;
+    Fr: IField<bigint>;
+  };
   utils: {
-    stringToBytes: typeof htf.stringToBytes;
+    randomPrivateKey: () => Uint8Array;
-    hashToField: typeof htf.hash_to_field;
+    calcPairingPrecomputes: (p: AffinePoint<Fp2>) => [Fp2, Fp2, Fp2][];
-    expandMessageXMD: typeof htf.expand_message_xmd;
   };
 };
 
 export function bls<Fp2, Fp6, Fp12>(
   CURVE: CurveType<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12>
 ): CurveFn<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12> {
-  // Fields looks pretty specific for curve, so for now we need to pass them with options
+  // Fields are specific for curve, so for now we'll need to pass them with opts
-  const { Fp, Fr, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12 } = CURVE;
+  const { Fp, Fr, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12 } = CURVE.fields;
-  const BLS_X_LEN = bitLen(CURVE.x);
+  const BLS_X_LEN = bitLen(CURVE.params.x);
-  const groupLen = 32; // TODO: calculate; hardcoded for now
 
   // Pre-compute coefficients for sparse multiplication
   // Point addition and point double calculations is reused for coefficients
@@ -129,18 +165,18 @@ export function bls<Fp2, Fp6, Fp12>(
       // Double
       let t0 = Fp2.sqr(Ry); // Ry²
       let t1 = Fp2.sqr(Rz); // Rz²
-      let t2 = Fp2.multiplyByB(Fp2.mul(t1, 3n)); // 3 * T1 * B
+      let t2 = Fp2.multiplyByB(Fp2.mul(t1, _3n)); // 3 * T1 * B
-      let t3 = Fp2.mul(t2, 3n); // 3 * T2
+      let t3 = Fp2.mul(t2, _3n); // 3 * T2
       let t4 = Fp2.sub(Fp2.sub(Fp2.sqr(Fp2.add(Ry, Rz)), t1), t0); // (Ry + Rz)² - T1 - T0
       ell_coeff.push([
         Fp2.sub(t2, t0), // T2 - T0
-        Fp2.mul(Fp2.sqr(Rx), 3n), // 3 * Rx²
+        Fp2.mul(Fp2.sqr(Rx), _3n), // 3 * Rx²
         Fp2.neg(t4), // -T4
       ]);
-      Rx = Fp2.div(Fp2.mul(Fp2.mul(Fp2.sub(t0, t3), Rx), Ry), 2n); // ((T0 - T3) * Rx * Ry) / 2
+      Rx = Fp2.div(Fp2.mul(Fp2.mul(Fp2.sub(t0, t3), Rx), Ry), _2n); // ((T0 - T3) * Rx * Ry) / 2
-      Ry = Fp2.sub(Fp2.sqr(Fp2.div(Fp2.add(t0, t3), 2n)), Fp2.mul(Fp2.sqr(t2), 3n)); // ((T0 + T3) / 2)² - 3 * T2²
+      Ry = Fp2.sub(Fp2.sqr(Fp2.div(Fp2.add(t0, t3), _2n)), Fp2.mul(Fp2.sqr(t2), _3n)); // ((T0 + T3) / 2)² - 3 * T2²
       Rz = Fp2.mul(t0, t4); // T0 * T4
-      if (bitGet(CURVE.x, i)) {
+      if (bitGet(CURVE.params.x, i)) {
         // Addition
         let t0 = Fp2.sub(Ry, Fp2.mul(Qy, Rz)); // Ry - Qy * Rz
         let t1 = Fp2.sub(Rx, Fp2.mul(Qx, Rz)); // Rx - Qx * Rz
@@ -152,7 +188,7 @@ export function bls<Fp2, Fp6, Fp12>(
         let t2 = Fp2.sqr(t1); // T1²
         let t3 = Fp2.mul(t2, t1); // T2 * T1
         let t4 = Fp2.mul(t2, Rx); // T2 * Rx
-        let t5 = Fp2.add(Fp2.sub(t3, Fp2.mul(t4, 2n)), Fp2.mul(Fp2.sqr(t0), Rz)); // T3 - 2 * T4 + T0² * Rz
+        let t5 = Fp2.add(Fp2.sub(t3, Fp2.mul(t4, _2n)), Fp2.mul(Fp2.sqr(t0), Rz)); // T3 - 2 * T4 + T0² * Rz
         Rx = Fp2.mul(t1, t5); // T1 * T5
         Ry = Fp2.sub(Fp2.mul(Fp2.sub(t4, t5), t0), Fp2.mul(t3, Ry)); // (T4 - T5) * T0 - T3 * Ry
         Rz = Fp2.mul(Rz, t3); // Rz * T3
@@ -162,7 +198,7 @@ export function bls<Fp2, Fp6, Fp12>(
   }
 
   function millerLoop(ell: [Fp2, Fp2, Fp2][], g1: [Fp, Fp]): Fp12 {
-    const { x } = CURVE;
+    const { x } = CURVE.params;
     const Px = g1[0];
     const Py = g1[1];
     let f12 = Fp12.ONE;
@@ -180,31 +216,22 @@ export function bls<Fp2, Fp6, Fp12>(
   }
 
   const utils = {
-    hexToBytes: hexToBytes,
+    randomPrivateKey: (): Uint8Array => {
-    bytesToHex: bytesToHex,
+      const length = getMinHashLength(Fr.ORDER);
-    stringToBytes: htf.stringToBytes,
+      return mapHashToField(CURVE.randomBytes(length), Fr.ORDER);
-    // TODO: do we need to export it here?
+    },
-    hashToField: (
+    calcPairingPrecomputes,
-      msg: Uint8Array,
-      count: number,
-      options: Partial<typeof CURVE.htfDefaults> = {}
-    ) => htf.hash_to_field(msg, count, { ...CURVE.htfDefaults, ...options }),
-    expandMessageXMD: (msg: Uint8Array, DST: Uint8Array, lenInBytes: number, H = CURVE.hash) =>
-      htf.expand_message_xmd(msg, DST, lenInBytes, H),
-    hashToPrivateKey: (hash: Hex): Uint8Array => Fr.toBytes(hashToPrivateScalar(hash, CURVE.r)),
-    randomBytes: (bytesLength: number = groupLen): Uint8Array => CURVE.randomBytes(bytesLength),
-    randomPrivateKey: (): Uint8Array => utils.hashToPrivateKey(utils.randomBytes(groupLen + 8)),
   };
 
   // Point on G1 curve: (x, y)
-  const G1 = weierstrassPoints({
+  const G1_ = weierstrassPoints({ n: Fr.ORDER, ...CURVE.G1 });
-    n: Fr.ORDER,
+  const G1 = Object.assign(
-    ...CURVE.G1,
+    G1_,
-  });
+    createHasher(G1_.ProjectivePoint, CURVE.G1.mapToCurve, {
-  const G1HashToCurve = htf.hashToCurve(G1.ProjectivePoint, CURVE.G1.mapToCurve, {
       ...CURVE.htfDefaults,
       ...CURVE.G1.htfDefaults,
-  });
+    })
+  );
 
   // Sparse multiplication against precomputed coefficients
   // TODO: replace with weakmap?
@@ -223,16 +250,16 @@ export function bls<Fp2, Fp6, Fp12>(
   // }
 
   // Point on G2 curve (complex numbers): (x₁, x₂+i), (y₁, y₂+i)
-  const G2 = weierstrassPoints({
+  const G2_ = weierstrassPoints({ n: Fr.ORDER, ...CURVE.G2 });
-    n: Fr.ORDER,
+  const G2 = Object.assign(
-    ...CURVE.G2,
+    G2_,
-  });
+    createHasher(G2_.ProjectivePoint as H2CPointConstructor<Fp2>, CURVE.G2.mapToCurve, {
-  const C = G2.ProjectivePoint as htf.H2CPointConstructor<Fp2>; // TODO: fix
-  const G2HashToCurve = htf.hashToCurve(C, CURVE.G2.mapToCurve, {
       ...CURVE.htfDefaults,
       ...CURVE.G2.htfDefaults,
-  });
+    })
+  );
 
+  const { ShortSignature } = CURVE.G1;
   const { Signature } = CURVE.G2;
 
   // Calculates bilinear pairing
@@ -254,31 +281,60 @@ export function bls<Fp2, Fp6, Fp12>(
   function normP1(point: G1Hex): G1 {
     return point instanceof G1.ProjectivePoint ? (point as G1) : G1.ProjectivePoint.fromHex(point);
   }
-  function normP2(point: G2Hex): G2 {
+  function normP1Hash(point: G1Hex, htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts): G1 {
-    return point instanceof G2.ProjectivePoint ? point : Signature.decode(point);
+    return point instanceof G1.ProjectivePoint
+      ? point
+      : (G1.hashToCurve(ensureBytes('point', point), htfOpts) as G1);
   }
-  function normP2Hash(point: G2Hex, htfOpts?: htf.htfBasicOpts): G2 {
+  function normP2(point: G2Hex): G2 {
+    return point instanceof G2.ProjectivePoint ? point : Signature.fromHex(point);
+  }
+  function normP2Hash(point: G2Hex, htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts): G2 {
     return point instanceof G2.ProjectivePoint
       ? point
-      : (G2HashToCurve.hashToCurve(point, htfOpts) as G2);
+      : (G2.hashToCurve(ensureBytes('point', point), htfOpts) as G2);
   }
 
-  // Multiplies generator by private key.
+  // Multiplies generator (G1) by private key.
   // P = pk x G
   function getPublicKey(privateKey: PrivKey): Uint8Array {
     return G1.ProjectivePoint.fromPrivateKey(privateKey).toRawBytes(true);
   }
 
+  // Multiplies generator (G2) by private key.
+  // P = pk x G
+  function getPublicKeyForShortSignatures(privateKey: PrivKey): Uint8Array {
+    return G2.ProjectivePoint.fromPrivateKey(privateKey).toRawBytes(true);
+  }
+
   // Executes `hashToCurve` on the message and then multiplies the result by private key.
   // S = pk x H(m)
-  function sign(message: Hex, privateKey: PrivKey, htfOpts?: htf.htfBasicOpts): Uint8Array;
+  function sign(message: Hex, privateKey: PrivKey, htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts): Uint8Array;
-  function sign(message: G2, privateKey: PrivKey, htfOpts?: htf.htfBasicOpts): G2;
+  function sign(message: G2, privateKey: PrivKey, htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts): G2;
-  function sign(message: G2Hex, privateKey: PrivKey, htfOpts?: htf.htfBasicOpts): Uint8Array | G2 {
+  function sign(message: G2Hex, privateKey: PrivKey, htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts): Uint8Array | G2 {
     const msgPoint = normP2Hash(message, htfOpts);
     msgPoint.assertValidity();
-    const sigPoint = msgPoint.multiply(G1.normalizePrivateKey(privateKey));
+    const sigPoint = msgPoint.multiply(G1.normPrivateKeyToScalar(privateKey));
     if (message instanceof G2.ProjectivePoint) return sigPoint;
-    return Signature.encode(sigPoint);
+    return Signature.toRawBytes(sigPoint);
+  }
+
+  function signShortSignature(
+    message: Hex,
+    privateKey: PrivKey,
+    htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts
+  ): Uint8Array;
+  function signShortSignature(message: G1, privateKey: PrivKey, htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts): G1;
+  function signShortSignature(
+    message: G1Hex,
+    privateKey: PrivKey,
+    htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts
+  ): Uint8Array | G1 {
+    const msgPoint = normP1Hash(message, htfOpts);
+    msgPoint.assertValidity();
+    const sigPoint = msgPoint.multiply(G1.normPrivateKeyToScalar(privateKey));
+    if (message instanceof G1.ProjectivePoint) return sigPoint;
+    return ShortSignature.toRawBytes(sigPoint);
   }
 
   // Checks if pairing of public key & hash is equal to pairing of generator & signature.
@@ -287,7 +343,7 @@ export function bls<Fp2, Fp6, Fp12>(
     signature: G2Hex,
     message: G2Hex,
     publicKey: G1Hex,
-    htfOpts?: htf.htfBasicOpts
+    htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts
   ): boolean {
     const P = normP1(publicKey);
     const Hm = normP2Hash(message, htfOpts);
@@ -301,6 +357,26 @@ export function bls<Fp2, Fp6, Fp12>(
     return Fp12.eql(exp, Fp12.ONE);
   }
 
+  // Checks if pairing of public key & hash is equal to pairing of generator & signature.
+  // e(S, G) == e(H(m), P)
+  function verifyShortSignature(
+    signature: G1Hex,
+    message: G1Hex,
+    publicKey: G2Hex,
+    htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts
+  ): boolean {
+    const P = normP2(publicKey);
+    const Hm = normP1Hash(message, htfOpts);
+    const G = G2.ProjectivePoint.BASE;
+    const S = normP1(signature);
+    // Instead of doing 2 exponentiations, we use property of billinear maps
+    // and do one exp after multiplying 2 points.
+    const eHmP = pairing(Hm, P, false);
+    const eSG = pairing(S, G.negate(), false);
+    const exp = Fp12.finalExponentiate(Fp12.mul(eSG, eHmP));
+    return Fp12.eql(exp, Fp12.ONE);
+  }
+
   // Adds a bunch of public key points together.
   // pk1 + pk2 + pk3 = pkA
   function aggregatePublicKeys(publicKeys: Hex[]): Uint8Array;
@@ -328,7 +404,21 @@ export function bls<Fp2, Fp6, Fp12>(
       aggAffine.assertValidity();
       return aggAffine;
     }
-    return Signature.encode(aggAffine);
+    return Signature.toRawBytes(aggAffine);
+  }
+
+  // Adds a bunch of signature points together.
+  function aggregateShortSignatures(signatures: Hex[]): Uint8Array;
+  function aggregateShortSignatures(signatures: G1[]): G1;
+  function aggregateShortSignatures(signatures: G1Hex[]): Uint8Array | G1 {
+    if (!signatures.length) throw new Error('Expected non-empty array');
+    const agg = signatures.map(normP1).reduce((sum, s) => sum.add(s), G1.ProjectivePoint.ZERO);
+    const aggAffine = agg; //.toAffine();
+    if (signatures[0] instanceof G1.ProjectivePoint) {
+      aggAffine.assertValidity();
+      return aggAffine;
+    }
+    return ShortSignature.toRawBytes(aggAffine);
   }
 
   // https://ethresear.ch/t/fast-verification-of-multiple-bls-signatures/5407
@@ -337,7 +427,7 @@ export function bls<Fp2, Fp6, Fp12>(
     signature: G2Hex,
     messages: G2Hex[],
     publicKeys: G1Hex[],
-    htfOpts?: htf.htfBasicOpts
+    htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts
   ): boolean {
     // @ts-ignore
     // console.log('verifyBatch', bytesToHex(signature as any), messages, publicKeys.map(bytesToHex));
@@ -372,25 +462,35 @@ export function bls<Fp2, Fp6, Fp12>(
   G1.ProjectivePoint.BASE._setWindowSize(4);
 
   return {
-    CURVE,
+    getPublicKey,
+    getPublicKeyForShortSignatures,
+    sign,
+    signShortSignature,
+    verify,
+    verifyBatch,
+    verifyShortSignature,
+    aggregatePublicKeys,
+    aggregateSignatures,
+    aggregateShortSignatures,
+    millerLoop,
+    pairing,
+    G1,
+    G2,
+    Signature,
+    ShortSignature,
+    fields: {
       Fr,
       Fp,
       Fp2,
       Fp6,
       Fp12,
-    G1,
+    },
-    G2,
+    params: {
-    Signature,
+      x: CURVE.params.x,
-    millerLoop,
+      r: CURVE.params.r,
-    calcPairingPrecomputes,
+      G1b: CURVE.G1.b,
-    hashToCurve: { G1: G1HashToCurve, G2: G2HashToCurve },
+      G2b: CURVE.G2.b,
-    pairing,
+    },
-    getPublicKey,
-    sign,
-    verify,
-    aggregatePublicKeys,
-    aggregateSignatures,
-    verifyBatch,
     utils,
   };
 }

src/abstract/curve.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*! noble-curves - MIT License (c) 2022 Paul Miller (paulmillr.com) */
 // Abelian group utilities
-import { Field, validateField, nLength } from './modular.js';
+import { IField, validateField, nLength } from './modular.js';
 import { validateObject } from './utils.js';
 const _0n = BigInt(0);
 const _1n = BigInt(1);
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ export function wNAF<T extends Group<T>>(c: GroupConstructor<T>, bits: number) {
 // Generic BasicCurve interface: works even for polynomial fields (BLS): P, n, h would be ok.
 // Though generator can be different (Fp2 / Fp6 for BLS).
 export type BasicCurve<T> = {
-  Fp: Field<T>; // Field over which we'll do calculations (Fp)
+  Fp: IField<T>; // Field over which we'll do calculations (Fp)
   n: bigint; // Curve order, total count of valid points in the field
   nBitLength?: number; // bit length of curve order
   nByteLength?: number; // byte length of curve order
@@ -195,5 +195,9 @@ export function validateBasic<FP, T>(curve: BasicCurve<FP> & T) {
     }
   );
   // Set defaults
-  return Object.freeze({ ...nLength(curve.n, curve.nBitLength), ...curve } as const);
+  return Object.freeze({
+    ...nLength(curve.n, curve.nBitLength),
+    ...curve,
+    ...{ p: curve.Fp.ORDER },
+  } as const);
 }

src/abstract/edwards.ts

@@ -5,11 +5,9 @@ import * as ut from './utils.js';
 import { ensureBytes, FHash, Hex } from './utils.js';
 import { Group, GroupConstructor, wNAF, BasicCurve, validateBasic, AffinePoint } from './curve.js';
 
-// Be friendly to bad ECMAScript parsers by not using bigint literals like 123n
+// Be friendly to bad ECMAScript parsers by not using bigint literals
-const _0n = BigInt(0);
+// prettier-ignore
-const _1n = BigInt(1);
+const _0n = BigInt(0), _1n = BigInt(1), _2n = BigInt(2), _8n = BigInt(8);
-const _2n = BigInt(2);
-const _8n = BigInt(8);
 
 // Edwards curves must declare params a & d.
 export type CurveType = BasicCurve<bigint> & {
@@ -20,10 +18,13 @@ export type CurveType = BasicCurve<bigint> & {
   adjustScalarBytes?: (bytes: Uint8Array) => Uint8Array; // clears bits to get valid field elemtn
   domain?: (data: Uint8Array, ctx: Uint8Array, phflag: boolean) => Uint8Array; // Used for hashing
   uvRatio?: (u: bigint, v: bigint) => { isValid: boolean; value: bigint }; // Ratio √(u/v)
-  preHash?: FHash; // RFC 8032 pre-hashing of messages to sign() / verify()
+  prehash?: FHash; // RFC 8032 pre-hashing of messages to sign() / verify()
   mapToCurve?: (scalar: bigint[]) => AffinePoint<bigint>; // for hash-to-curve standard
 };
 
+// verification rule is either zip215 or rfc8032 / nist186-5. Consult fromHex:
+const VERIFY_DEFAULT = { zip215: true };
+
 function validateOpts(curve: CurveType) {
   const opts = validateBasic(curve);
   ut.validateObject(
@@ -51,6 +52,8 @@ export interface ExtPointType extends Group<ExtPointType> {
   readonly ey: bigint;
   readonly ez: bigint;
   readonly et: bigint;
+  get x(): bigint;
+  get y(): bigint;
   assertValidity(): void;
   multiply(scalar: bigint): ExtPointType;
   multiplyUnsafe(scalar: bigint): ExtPointType;
@@ -58,6 +61,8 @@ export interface ExtPointType extends Group<ExtPointType> {
   isTorsionFree(): boolean;
   clearCofactor(): ExtPointType;
   toAffine(iz?: bigint): AffinePoint<bigint>;
+  toRawBytes(isCompressed?: boolean): Uint8Array;
+  toHex(isCompressed?: boolean): string;
 }
 // Static methods of Extended Point with coordinates in X, Y, Z, T
 export interface ExtPointConstructor extends GroupConstructor<ExtPointType> {
@@ -70,8 +75,13 @@ export interface ExtPointConstructor extends GroupConstructor<ExtPointType> {
 export type CurveFn = {
   CURVE: ReturnType<typeof validateOpts>;
   getPublicKey: (privateKey: Hex) => Uint8Array;
-  sign: (message: Hex, privateKey: Hex) => Uint8Array;
+  sign: (message: Hex, privateKey: Hex, options?: { context?: Hex }) => Uint8Array;
-  verify: (sig: Hex, message: Hex, publicKey: Hex) => boolean;
+  verify: (
+    sig: Hex,
+    message: Hex,
+    publicKey: Hex,
+    options?: { context?: Hex; zip215: boolean }
+  ) => boolean;
   ExtendedPoint: ExtPointConstructor;
   utils: {
     randomPrivateKey: () => Uint8Array;
@@ -88,8 +98,16 @@ export type CurveFn = {
 // It is not generic twisted curve for now, but ed25519/ed448 generic implementation
 export function twistedEdwards(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
   const CURVE = validateOpts(curveDef) as ReturnType<typeof validateOpts>;
-  const { Fp, n: CURVE_ORDER, preHash, hash: cHash, randomBytes, nByteLength, h: cofactor } = CURVE;
+  const {
-  const MASK = _2n ** BigInt(nByteLength * 8);
+    Fp,
+    n: CURVE_ORDER,
+    prehash: prehash,
+    hash: cHash,
+    randomBytes,
+    nByteLength,
+    h: cofactor,
+  } = CURVE;
+  const MASK = _2n << (BigInt(nByteLength * 8) - _1n);
   const modP = Fp.create; // Function overrides
 
   // sqrt(u/v)
@@ -109,7 +127,7 @@ export function twistedEdwards(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
       if (ctx.length || phflag) throw new Error('Contexts/pre-hash are not supported');
       return data;
     }); // NOOP
-  const inBig = (n: bigint) => typeof n === 'bigint' && 0n < n; // n in [1..]
+  const inBig = (n: bigint) => typeof n === 'bigint' && _0n < n; // n in [1..]
   const inRange = (n: bigint, max: bigint) => inBig(n) && inBig(max) && n < max; // n in [1..max-1]
   const in0MaskRange = (n: bigint) => n === _0n || inRange(n, MASK); // n in [0..MASK-1]
   function assertInRange(n: bigint, max: bigint) {
@@ -297,8 +315,9 @@ export function twistedEdwards(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
     // Non-constant-time multiplication. Uses double-and-add algorithm.
     // It's faster, but should only be used when you don't care about
     // an exposed private key e.g. sig verification.
+    // Does NOT allow scalars higher than CURVE.n.
     multiplyUnsafe(scalar: bigint): Point {
-      let n = assertGE0(scalar);
+      let n = assertGE0(scalar); // 0 <= scalar < CURVE.n
       if (n === _0n) return I;
       if (this.equals(I) || n === _1n) return this;
       if (this.equals(G)) return this.wNAF(n).p;
@@ -341,10 +360,10 @@ export function twistedEdwards(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
 
     // Converts hash string or Uint8Array to Point.
     // Uses algo from RFC8032 5.1.3.
-    static fromHex(hex: Hex, strict = true): Point {
+    static fromHex(hex: Hex, zip215 = false): Point {
       const { d, a } = CURVE;
       const len = Fp.BYTES;
-      hex = ensureBytes(hex, len); // copy hex to a new array
+      hex = ensureBytes('pointHex', hex, len); // copy hex to a new array
       const normed = hex.slice(); // copy again, we'll manipulate it
       const lastByte = hex[len - 1]; // select last byte
       normed[len - 1] = lastByte & ~0x80; // clear last bit
@@ -353,8 +372,8 @@ export function twistedEdwards(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
         // y=0 is allowed
       } else {
         // RFC8032 prohibits >= p, but ZIP215 doesn't
-        if (strict) assertInRange(y, Fp.ORDER); // strict=true [1..P-1] (2^255-19-1 for ed25519)
+        if (zip215) assertInRange(y, MASK); // zip215=true [1..P-1] (2^255-19-1 for ed25519)
-        else assertInRange(y, MASK); // strict=false [1..MASK-1] (2^256-1 for ed25519)
+        else assertInRange(y, Fp.ORDER); // zip215=false [1..MASK-1] (2^256-1 for ed25519)
       }
 
       // Ed25519: x² = (y²-1)/(dy²+1) mod p. Ed448: x² = (y²-1)/(dy²-1) mod p. Generic case:
@@ -365,7 +384,10 @@ export function twistedEdwards(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
       let { isValid, value: x } = uvRatio(u, v); // √(u/v)
       if (!isValid) throw new Error('Point.fromHex: invalid y coordinate');
       const isXOdd = (x & _1n) === _1n; // There are 2 square roots. Use x_0 bit to select proper
-      const isLastByteOdd = (lastByte & 0x80) !== 0; // if x=0 and x_0 = 1, fail
+      const isLastByteOdd = (lastByte & 0x80) !== 0; // x_0, last bit
+      if (!zip215 && x === _0n && isLastByteOdd)
+        // if x=0 and x_0 = 1, fail
+        throw new Error('Point.fromHex: x=0 and x_0=1');
       if (isLastByteOdd !== isXOdd) x = modP(-x); // if x_0 != x mod 2, set x = p-x
       return Point.fromAffine({ x, y });
     }
@@ -392,18 +414,14 @@ export function twistedEdwards(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
   function modN_LE(hash: Uint8Array): bigint {
     return modN(ut.bytesToNumberLE(hash));
   }
-  function isHex(item: Hex, err: string) {
-    if (typeof item !== 'string' && !(item instanceof Uint8Array))
-      throw new Error(`${err} must be hex string or Uint8Array`);
-  }
 
   /** Convenience method that creates public key and other stuff. RFC8032 5.1.5 */
   function getExtendedPublicKey(key: Hex) {
-    isHex(key, 'private key');
     const len = nByteLength;
+    key = ensureBytes('private key', key, len);
     // Hash private key with curve's hash function to produce uniformingly random input
     // Check byte lengths: ensure(64, h(ensure(32, key)))
-    const hashed = ensureBytes(cHash(ensureBytes(key, len)), 2 * len);
+    const hashed = ensureBytes('hashed private key', cHash(key), 2 * len);
     const head = adjustScalarBytes(hashed.slice(0, len)); // clear first half bits, produce FE
     const prefix = hashed.slice(len, 2 * len); // second half is called key prefix (5.1.6)
     const scalar = modN_LE(head); // The actual private scalar
@@ -420,35 +438,44 @@ export function twistedEdwards(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
   // int('LE', SHA512(dom2(F, C) || msgs)) mod N
   function hashDomainToScalar(context: Hex = new Uint8Array(), ...msgs: Uint8Array[]) {
     const msg = ut.concatBytes(...msgs);
-    return modN_LE(cHash(domain(msg, ensureBytes(context), !!preHash)));
+    return modN_LE(cHash(domain(msg, ensureBytes('context', context), !!prehash)));
   }
 
   /** Signs message with privateKey. RFC8032 5.1.6 */
-  function sign(msg: Hex, privKey: Hex, context?: Hex): Uint8Array {
+  function sign(msg: Hex, privKey: Hex, options: { context?: Hex } = {}): Uint8Array {
-    isHex(msg, 'message');
+    msg = ensureBytes('message', msg);
-    msg = ensureBytes(msg);
+    if (prehash) msg = prehash(msg); // for ed25519ph etc.
-    if (preHash) msg = preHash(msg); // for ed25519ph etc.
     const { prefix, scalar, pointBytes } = getExtendedPublicKey(privKey);
-    const r = hashDomainToScalar(context, prefix, msg); // r = dom2(F, C) || prefix || PH(M)
+    const r = hashDomainToScalar(options.context, prefix, msg); // r = dom2(F, C) || prefix || PH(M)
     const R = G.multiply(r).toRawBytes(); // R = rG
-    const k = hashDomainToScalar(context, R, pointBytes, msg); // R || A || PH(M)
+    const k = hashDomainToScalar(options.context, R, pointBytes, msg); // R || A || PH(M)
     const s = modN(r + k * scalar); // S = (r + k * s) mod L
     assertGE0(s); // 0 <= s < l
     const res = ut.concatBytes(R, ut.numberToBytesLE(s, Fp.BYTES));
-    return ensureBytes(res, nByteLength * 2); // 64-byte signature
+    return ensureBytes('result', res, nByteLength * 2); // 64-byte signature
   }
 
-  function verify(sig: Hex, msg: Hex, publicKey: Hex, context?: Hex): boolean {
+  const verifyOpts: { context?: Hex; zip215?: boolean } = VERIFY_DEFAULT;
-    isHex(sig, 'sig');
+  function verify(sig: Hex, msg: Hex, publicKey: Hex, options = verifyOpts): boolean {
-    isHex(msg, 'message');
+    const { context, zip215 } = options;
     const len = Fp.BYTES; // Verifies EdDSA signature against message and public key. RFC8032 5.1.7.
-    sig = ensureBytes(sig, 2 * len); // An extended group equation is checked.
+    sig = ensureBytes('signature', sig, 2 * len); // An extended group equation is checked.
-    msg = ensureBytes(msg); // ZIP215 compliant, which means not fully RFC8032 compliant.
+    msg = ensureBytes('message', msg);
-    if (preHash) msg = preHash(msg); // for ed25519ph, etc
+    if (prehash) msg = prehash(msg); // for ed25519ph, etc
-    const A = Point.fromHex(publicKey, false); // Check for s bounds, hex validity
+
-    const R = Point.fromHex(sig.slice(0, len), false); // 0 <= R < 2^256: ZIP215 R can be >= P
+    const s = ut.bytesToNumberLE(sig.slice(len, 2 * len));
-    const s = ut.bytesToNumberLE(sig.slice(len, 2 * len)); // 0 <= s < l
+    // zip215: true is good for consensus-critical apps and allows points < 2^256
-    const SB = G.multiplyUnsafe(s);
+    // zip215: false follows RFC8032 / NIST186-5 and restricts points to CURVE.p
+    let A, R, SB;
+    try {
+      A = Point.fromHex(publicKey, zip215);
+      R = Point.fromHex(sig.slice(0, len), zip215);
+      SB = G.multiplyUnsafe(s); // 0 <= s < l is done inside
+    } catch (error) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (!zip215 && A.isSmallOrder()) return false;
+
     const k = hashDomainToScalar(context, R.toRawBytes(), A.toRawBytes(), msg);
     const RkA = R.add(A.multiplyUnsafe(k));
     // [8][S]B = [8]R + [8][k]A'

src/abstract/hash-to-curve.ts

@@ -1,45 +1,31 @@
 /*! noble-curves - MIT License (c) 2022 Paul Miller (paulmillr.com) */
 import type { Group, GroupConstructor, AffinePoint } from './curve.js';
-import { mod, Field } from './modular.js';
+import { mod, IField } from './modular.js';
-import { CHash, Hex, concatBytes, ensureBytes, validateObject } from './utils.js';
+import type { CHash } from './utils.js';
+import { bytesToNumberBE, abytes, concatBytes, utf8ToBytes, validateObject } from './utils.js';
 
+/**
+ * * `DST` is a domain separation tag, defined in section 2.2.5
+ * * `p` characteristic of F, where F is a finite field of characteristic p and order q = p^m
+ * * `m` is extension degree (1 for prime fields)
+ * * `k` is the target security target in bits (e.g. 128), from section 5.1
+ * * `expand` is `xmd` (SHA2, SHA3, BLAKE) or `xof` (SHAKE, BLAKE-XOF)
+ * * `hash` conforming to `utils.CHash` interface, with `outputLen` / `blockLen` props
+ */
+type UnicodeOrBytes = string | Uint8Array;
 export type Opts = {
-  DST: string; // DST: a domain separation tag, defined in section 2.2.5
+  DST: UnicodeOrBytes;
-  encodeDST: string;
+  p: bigint;
-  p: bigint; // characteristic of F, where F is a finite field of characteristic p and order q = p^m
+  m: number;
-  m: number; // extension degree of F, m >= 1
+  k: number;
-  k: number; // k: the target security level for the suite in bits, defined in section 5.1
+  expand: 'xmd' | 'xof';
-  expand?: 'xmd' | 'xof'; // use a message that has already been processed by expand_message_xmd
-  // Hash functions for: expand_message_xmd is appropriate for use with a
-  // wide range of hash functions, including SHA-2, SHA-3, BLAKE2, and others.
-  // BBS+ uses blake2: https://github.com/hyperledger/aries-framework-go/issues/2247
-  // TODO: verify that hash is shake if expand==='xof' via types
   hash: CHash;
 };
 
-// Global symbols in both browsers and Node.js since v11
+// Octet Stream to Integer. "spec" implementation of os2ip is 2.5x slower vs bytesToNumberBE.
-// See https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/31535
+const os2ip = bytesToNumberBE;
-declare const TextEncoder: any;
-declare const TextDecoder: any;
 
-export function stringToBytes(str: string): Uint8Array {
+// Integer to Octet Stream (numberToBytesBE)
-  if (typeof str !== 'string') {
-    throw new Error(`utf8ToBytes expected string, got ${typeof str}`);
-  }
-  return new TextEncoder().encode(str);
-}
-
-// Octet Stream to Integer (bytesToNumberBE)
-function os2ip(bytes: Uint8Array): bigint {
-  let result = 0n;
-  for (let i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
-    result <<= 8n;
-    result += BigInt(bytes[i]);
-  }
-  return result;
-}
-
-// Integer to Octet Stream
 function i2osp(value: number, length: number): Uint8Array {
   if (value < 0 || value >= 1 << (8 * length)) {
     throw new Error(`bad I2OSP call: value=${value} length=${length}`);
@@ -60,23 +46,29 @@ function strxor(a: Uint8Array, b: Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
   return arr;
 }
 
+function anum(item: unknown): void {
+  if (!Number.isSafeInteger(item)) throw new Error('number expected');
+}
+
 // Produces a uniformly random byte string using a cryptographic hash function H that outputs b bits
-// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve-11#section-5.4.1
+// https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#section-5.3.1
 export function expand_message_xmd(
   msg: Uint8Array,
   DST: Uint8Array,
   lenInBytes: number,
   H: CHash
 ): Uint8Array {
-  // https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve-16#section-5.3.3
+  abytes(msg);
-  if (DST.length > 255) DST = H(concatBytes(stringToBytes('H2C-OVERSIZE-DST-'), DST));
+  abytes(DST);
-  const b_in_bytes = H.outputLen;
+  anum(lenInBytes);
-  const r_in_bytes = H.blockLen;
+  // https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#section-5.3.3
+  if (DST.length > 255) DST = H(concatBytes(utf8ToBytes('H2C-OVERSIZE-DST-'), DST));
+  const { outputLen: b_in_bytes, blockLen: r_in_bytes } = H;
   const ell = Math.ceil(lenInBytes / b_in_bytes);
   if (ell > 255) throw new Error('Invalid xmd length');
   const DST_prime = concatBytes(DST, i2osp(DST.length, 1));
   const Z_pad = i2osp(0, r_in_bytes);
-  const l_i_b_str = i2osp(lenInBytes, 2);
+  const l_i_b_str = i2osp(lenInBytes, 2); // len_in_bytes_str
   const b = new Array<Uint8Array>(ell);
   const b_0 = H(concatBytes(Z_pad, msg, l_i_b_str, i2osp(0, 1), DST_prime));
   b[0] = H(concatBytes(b_0, i2osp(1, 1), DST_prime));
@@ -88,6 +80,11 @@ export function expand_message_xmd(
   return pseudo_random_bytes.slice(0, lenInBytes);
 }
 
+// Produces a uniformly random byte string using an extendable-output function (XOF) H.
+// 1. The collision resistance of H MUST be at least k bits.
+// 2. H MUST be an XOF that has been proved indifferentiable from
+//    a random oracle under a reasonable cryptographic assumption.
+// https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#section-5.3.2
 export function expand_message_xof(
   msg: Uint8Array,
   DST: Uint8Array,
@@ -95,11 +92,14 @@ export function expand_message_xof(
   k: number,
   H: CHash
 ): Uint8Array {
-  // https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve-16#section-5.3.3
+  abytes(msg);
+  abytes(DST);
+  anum(lenInBytes);
+  // https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#section-5.3.3
   // DST = H('H2C-OVERSIZE-DST-' || a_very_long_DST, Math.ceil((lenInBytes * k) / 8));
   if (DST.length > 255) {
     const dkLen = Math.ceil((2 * k) / 8);
-    DST = H.create({ dkLen }).update(stringToBytes('H2C-OVERSIZE-DST-')).update(DST).digest();
+    DST = H.create({ dkLen }).update(utf8ToBytes('H2C-OVERSIZE-DST-')).update(DST).digest();
   }
   if (lenInBytes > 65535 || DST.length > 255)
     throw new Error('expand_message_xof: invalid lenInBytes');
@@ -116,39 +116,52 @@ export function expand_message_xof(
 
 /**
  * Hashes arbitrary-length byte strings to a list of one or more elements of a finite field F
- * https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve-11#section-5.3
+ * https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#section-5.2
  * @param msg a byte string containing the message to hash
  * @param count the number of elements of F to output
- * @param options `{DST: string, p: bigint, m: number, k: number, expand: 'xmd' | 'xof', hash: H}`
+ * @param options `{DST: string, p: bigint, m: number, k: number, expand: 'xmd' | 'xof', hash: H}`, see above
  * @returns [u_0, ..., u_(count - 1)], a list of field elements.
  */
 export function hash_to_field(msg: Uint8Array, count: number, options: Opts): bigint[][] {
-  // if options is provided but incomplete, fill any missing fields with the
+  validateObject(options, {
-  // value in hftDefaults (ie hash to G2).
+    DST: 'stringOrUint8Array',
-  const log2p = options.p.toString(2).length;
+    p: 'bigint',
-  const L = Math.ceil((log2p + options.k) / 8); // section 5.1 of ietf draft link above
+    m: 'isSafeInteger',
-  const len_in_bytes = count * options.m * L;
+    k: 'isSafeInteger',
-  const DST = stringToBytes(options.DST);
+    hash: 'hash',
-  let pseudo_random_bytes = msg;
+  });
-  if (options.expand === 'xmd') {
+  const { p, k, m, hash, expand, DST: _DST } = options;
-    pseudo_random_bytes = expand_message_xmd(msg, DST, len_in_bytes, options.hash);
+  abytes(msg);
-  } else if (options.expand === 'xof') {
+  anum(count);
-    pseudo_random_bytes = expand_message_xof(msg, DST, len_in_bytes, options.k, options.hash);
+  const DST = typeof _DST === 'string' ? utf8ToBytes(_DST) : _DST;
+  const log2p = p.toString(2).length;
+  const L = Math.ceil((log2p + k) / 8); // section 5.1 of ietf draft link above
+  const len_in_bytes = count * m * L;
+  let prb; // pseudo_random_bytes
+  if (expand === 'xmd') {
+    prb = expand_message_xmd(msg, DST, len_in_bytes, hash);
+  } else if (expand === 'xof') {
+    prb = expand_message_xof(msg, DST, len_in_bytes, k, hash);
+  } else if (expand === '_internal_pass') {
+    // for internal tests only
+    prb = msg;
+  } else {
+    throw new Error('expand must be "xmd" or "xof"');
   }
   const u = new Array(count);
   for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-    const e = new Array(options.m);
+    const e = new Array(m);
-    for (let j = 0; j < options.m; j++) {
+    for (let j = 0; j < m; j++) {
-      const elm_offset = L * (j + i * options.m);
+      const elm_offset = L * (j + i * m);
-      const tv = pseudo_random_bytes.subarray(elm_offset, elm_offset + L);
+      const tv = prb.subarray(elm_offset, elm_offset + L);
-      e[j] = mod(os2ip(tv), options.p);
+      e[j] = mod(os2ip(tv), p);
     }
     u[i] = e;
   }
   return u;
 }
 
-export function isogenyMap<T, F extends Field<T>>(field: F, map: [T[], T[], T[], T[]]) {
+export function isogenyMap<T, F extends IField<T>>(field: F, map: [T[], T[], T[], T[]]) {
   // Make same order as in spec
   const COEFF = map.map((i) => Array.from(i).reverse());
   return (x: T, y: T) => {
@@ -176,42 +189,29 @@ export type MapToCurve<T> = (scalar: bigint[]) => AffinePoint<T>;
 
 // Separated from initialization opts, so users won't accidentally change per-curve parameters
 // (changing DST is ok!)
-export type htfBasicOpts = { DST: string };
+export type htfBasicOpts = { DST: UnicodeOrBytes };
 
-export function hashToCurve<T>(
+export function createHasher<T>(
   Point: H2CPointConstructor<T>,
   mapToCurve: MapToCurve<T>,
-  def: Opts
+  def: Opts & { encodeDST?: UnicodeOrBytes }
 ) {
-  validateObject(def, {
+  if (typeof mapToCurve !== 'function') throw new Error('mapToCurve() must be defined');
-    DST: 'string',
-    p: 'bigint',
-    m: 'isSafeInteger',
-    k: 'isSafeInteger',
-    hash: 'hash',
-  });
-  if (def.expand !== 'xmd' && def.expand !== 'xof' && def.expand !== undefined)
-    throw new Error('Invalid htf/expand');
-  if (typeof mapToCurve !== 'function')
-    throw new Error('hashToCurve: mapToCurve() has not been defined');
   return {
-    // Encodes byte string to elliptic curve
+    // Encodes byte string to elliptic curve.
-    // https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve-11#section-3
+    // hash_to_curve from https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#section-3
-    hashToCurve(msg: Hex, options?: htfBasicOpts) {
+    hashToCurve(msg: Uint8Array, options?: htfBasicOpts) {
-      if (!mapToCurve) throw new Error('CURVE.mapToCurve() has not been defined');
-      msg = ensureBytes(msg);
       const u = hash_to_field(msg, 2, { ...def, DST: def.DST, ...options } as Opts);
-      const P = Point.fromAffine(mapToCurve(u[0]))
+      const u0 = Point.fromAffine(mapToCurve(u[0]));
-        .add(Point.fromAffine(mapToCurve(u[1])))
+      const u1 = Point.fromAffine(mapToCurve(u[1]));
-        .clearCofactor();
+      const P = u0.add(u1).clearCofactor();
       P.assertValidity();
       return P;
     },
 
-    // https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve-16#section-3
+    // Encodes byte string to elliptic curve.
-    encodeToCurve(msg: Hex, options?: htfBasicOpts) {
+    // encode_to_curve from https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#section-3
-      if (!mapToCurve) throw new Error('CURVE.mapToCurve() has not been defined');
+    encodeToCurve(msg: Uint8Array, options?: htfBasicOpts) {
-      msg = ensureBytes(msg);
       const u = hash_to_field(msg, 1, { ...def, DST: def.encodeDST, ...options } as Opts);
       const P = Point.fromAffine(mapToCurve(u[0])).clearCofactor();
       P.assertValidity();

src/abstract/modular.ts

@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ export function mod(a: bigint, b: bigint): bigint {
   return result >= _0n ? result : b + result;
 }
 /**
- * Efficiently exponentiate num to power and do modular division.
+ * Efficiently raise num to power and do modular division.
  * Unsafe in some contexts: uses ladder, so can expose bigint bits.
  * @example
- * powMod(2n, 6n, 11n) // 64n % 11n == 9n
+ * pow(2n, 6n, 11n) // 64n % 11n == 9n
  */
 // TODO: use field version && remove
 export function pow(num: bigint, power: bigint, modulo: bigint): bigint {
@@ -55,7 +55,8 @@ export function invert(number: bigint, modulo: bigint): bigint {
   if (number === _0n || modulo <= _0n) {
     throw new Error(`invert: expected positive integers, got n=${number} mod=${modulo}`);
   }
-  // Eucledian GCD https://brilliant.org/wiki/extended-euclidean-algorithm/
+  // Euclidean GCD https://brilliant.org/wiki/extended-euclidean-algorithm/
+  // Fermat's little theorem "CT-like" version inv(n) = n^(m-2) mod m is 30x slower.
   let a = mod(number, modulo);
   let b = modulo;
   // prettier-ignore
@@ -74,9 +75,14 @@ export function invert(number: bigint, modulo: bigint): bigint {
   return mod(x, modulo);
 }
 
-// Tonelli-Shanks algorithm
+/**
-// Paper 1: https://eprint.iacr.org/2012/685.pdf (page 12)
+ * Tonelli-Shanks square root search algorithm.
-// Paper 2: Square Roots from 1; 24, 51, 10 to Dan Shanks
+ * 1. https://eprint.iacr.org/2012/685.pdf (page 12)
+ * 2. Square Roots from 1; 24, 51, 10 to Dan Shanks
+ * Will start an infinite loop if field order P is not prime.
+ * @param P field order
+ * @returns function that takes field Fp (created from P) and number n
+ */
 export function tonelliShanks(P: bigint) {
   // Legendre constant: used to calculate Legendre symbol (a | p),
   // which denotes the value of a^((p-1)/2) (mod p).
@@ -96,7 +102,7 @@ export function tonelliShanks(P: bigint) {
   // Fast-path
   if (S === 1) {
     const p1div4 = (P + _1n) / _4n;
-    return function tonelliFast<T>(Fp: Field<T>, n: T) {
+    return function tonelliFast<T>(Fp: IField<T>, n: T) {
       const root = Fp.pow(n, p1div4);
       if (!Fp.eql(Fp.sqr(root), n)) throw new Error('Cannot find square root');
       return root;
@@ -105,7 +111,7 @@ export function tonelliShanks(P: bigint) {
 
   // Slow-path
   const Q1div2 = (Q + _1n) / _2n;
-  return function tonelliSlow<T>(Fp: Field<T>, n: T): T {
+  return function tonelliSlow<T>(Fp: IField<T>, n: T): T {
     // Step 0: Check that n is indeed a square: (n | p) should not be ≡ -1
     if (Fp.pow(n, legendreC) === Fp.neg(Fp.ONE)) throw new Error('Cannot find square root');
     let r = S;
@@ -145,7 +151,7 @@ export function FpSqrt(P: bigint) {
     //   0x1a0111ea397fe69a4b1ba7b6434bacd764774b84f38512bf6730d2a0f6b0f6241eabfffeb153ffffb9feffffffffaaabn;
     // const NUM = 72057594037927816n;
     const p1div4 = (P + _1n) / _4n;
-    return function sqrt3mod4<T>(Fp: Field<T>, n: T) {
+    return function sqrt3mod4<T>(Fp: IField<T>, n: T) {
       const root = Fp.pow(n, p1div4);
       // Throw if root**2 != n
       if (!Fp.eql(Fp.sqr(root), n)) throw new Error('Cannot find square root');
@@ -156,7 +162,7 @@ export function FpSqrt(P: bigint) {
   // Atkin algorithm for q ≡ 5 (mod 8), https://eprint.iacr.org/2012/685.pdf (page 10)
   if (P % _8n === _5n) {
     const c1 = (P - _5n) / _8n;
-    return function sqrt5mod8<T>(Fp: Field<T>, n: T) {
+    return function sqrt5mod8<T>(Fp: IField<T>, n: T) {
       const n2 = Fp.mul(n, _2n);
       const v = Fp.pow(n2, c1);
       const nv = Fp.mul(n, v);
@@ -197,12 +203,8 @@ export function FpSqrt(P: bigint) {
 // Little-endian check for first LE bit (last BE bit);
 export const isNegativeLE = (num: bigint, modulo: bigint) => (mod(num, modulo) & _1n) === _1n;
 
-// Currently completly inconsistent naming:
+// Field is not always over prime: for example, Fp2 has ORDER(q)=p^m
-// - readable: add, mul, sqr, sqrt, inv, div, pow, eq, sub
+export interface IField<T> {
-// - unreadable mess: addition, multiply, square, squareRoot, inversion, divide, power, equals, subtract
-
-// Field is not always over prime, Fp2 for example has ORDER(q)=p^m
-export interface Field<T> {
   ORDER: bigint;
   BYTES: number;
   BITS: number;
@@ -231,7 +233,8 @@ export interface Field<T> {
   sqrN(num: T): T;
 
   // Optional
-  // Should be same as sgn0 function in https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve/
+  // Should be same as sgn0 function in
+  // [RFC9380](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#section-4.1).
   // NOTE: sgn0 is 'negative in LE', which is same as odd. And negative in LE is kinda strange definition anyway.
   isOdd?(num: T): boolean; // Odd instead of even since we have it for Fp2
   // legendre?(num: T): T;
@@ -248,7 +251,7 @@ const FIELD_FIELDS = [
   'eql', 'add', 'sub', 'mul', 'pow', 'div',
   'addN', 'subN', 'mulN', 'sqrN'
 ] as const;
-export function validateField<T>(field: Field<T>) {
+export function validateField<T>(field: IField<T>) {
   const initial = {
     ORDER: 'bigint',
     MASK: 'bigint',
@@ -263,7 +266,12 @@ export function validateField<T>(field: Field<T>) {
 }
 
 // Generic field functions
-export function FpPow<T>(f: Field<T>, num: T, power: bigint): T {
+
+/**
+ * Same as `pow` but for Fp: non-constant-time.
+ * Unsafe in some contexts: uses ladder, so can expose bigint bits.
+ */
+export function FpPow<T>(f: IField<T>, num: T, power: bigint): T {
   // Should have same speed as pow for bigints
   // TODO: benchmark!
   if (power < _0n) throw new Error('Expected power > 0');
@@ -274,12 +282,16 @@ export function FpPow<T>(f: Field<T>, num: T, power: bigint): T {
   while (power > _0n) {
     if (power & _1n) p = f.mul(p, d);
     d = f.sqr(d);
-    power >>= 1n;
+    power >>= _1n;
   }
   return p;
 }
 
-export function FpInvertBatch<T>(f: Field<T>, nums: T[]): T[] {
+/**
+ * Efficiently invert an array of Field elements.
+ * `inv(0)` will return `undefined` here: make sure to throw an error.
+ */
+export function FpInvertBatch<T>(f: IField<T>, nums: T[]): T[] {
   const tmp = new Array(nums.length);
   // Walk from first to last, multiply them by each other MOD p
   const lastMultiplied = nums.reduce((acc, num, i) => {
@@ -298,12 +310,12 @@ export function FpInvertBatch<T>(f: Field<T>, nums: T[]): T[] {
   return tmp;
 }
 
-export function FpDiv<T>(f: Field<T>, lhs: T, rhs: T | bigint): T {
+export function FpDiv<T>(f: IField<T>, lhs: T, rhs: T | bigint): T {
   return f.mul(lhs, typeof rhs === 'bigint' ? invert(rhs, f.ORDER) : f.inv(rhs));
 }
 
 // This function returns True whenever the value x is a square in the field F.
-export function FpIsSquare<T>(f: Field<T>) {
+export function FpIsSquare<T>(f: IField<T>) {
   const legendreConst = (f.ORDER - _1n) / _2n; // Integer arithmetic
   return (x: T): boolean => {
     const p = f.pow(x, legendreConst);
@@ -319,18 +331,26 @@ export function nLength(n: bigint, nBitLength?: number) {
   return { nBitLength: _nBitLength, nByteLength };
 }
 
-// NOTE: very fragile, always bench. Major performance points:
+type FpField = IField<bigint> & Required<Pick<IField<bigint>, 'isOdd'>>;
-// - NonNormalized ops
+/**
-// - Object.freeze
+ * Initializes a finite field over prime. **Non-primes are not supported.**
-// - same shape of object (don't add/remove keys)
+ * Do not init in loop: slow. Very fragile: always run a benchmark on a change.
-type FpField = Field<bigint> & Required<Pick<Field<bigint>, 'isOdd'>>;
+ * Major performance optimizations:
-export function Fp(
+ * * a) denormalized operations like mulN instead of mul
+ * * b) same object shape: never add or remove keys
+ * * c) Object.freeze
+ * @param ORDER prime positive bigint
+ * @param bitLen how many bits the field consumes
+ * @param isLE (def: false) if encoding / decoding should be in little-endian
+ * @param redef optional faster redefinitions of sqrt and other methods
+ */
+export function Field(
   ORDER: bigint,
   bitLen?: number,
   isLE = false,
-  redef: Partial<Field<bigint>> = {}
+  redef: Partial<IField<bigint>> = {}
 ): Readonly<FpField> {
-  if (ORDER <= _0n) throw new Error(`Expected Fp ORDER > 0, got ${ORDER}`);
+  if (ORDER <= _0n) throw new Error(`Expected Field ORDER > 0, got ${ORDER}`);
   const { nBitLength: BITS, nByteLength: BYTES } = nLength(ORDER, bitLen);
   if (BYTES > 2048) throw new Error('Field lengths over 2048 bytes are not supported');
   const sqrtP = FpSqrt(ORDER);
@@ -381,33 +401,30 @@ export function Fp(
   return Object.freeze(f);
 }
 
-export function FpSqrtOdd<T>(Fp: Field<T>, elm: T) {
+export function FpSqrtOdd<T>(Fp: IField<T>, elm: T) {
   if (!Fp.isOdd) throw new Error(`Field doesn't have isOdd`);
   const root = Fp.sqrt(elm);
   return Fp.isOdd(root) ? root : Fp.neg(root);
 }
 
-export function FpSqrtEven<T>(Fp: Field<T>, elm: T) {
+export function FpSqrtEven<T>(Fp: IField<T>, elm: T) {
   if (!Fp.isOdd) throw new Error(`Field doesn't have isOdd`);
   const root = Fp.sqrt(elm);
   return Fp.isOdd(root) ? Fp.neg(root) : root;
 }
 
 /**
- * FIPS 186 B.4.1-compliant "constant-time" private key generation utility.
+ * "Constant-time" private key generation utility.
- * Can take (n+8) or more bytes of uniform input e.g. from CSPRNG or KDF
+ * Same as mapKeyToField, but accepts less bytes (40 instead of 48 for 32-byte field).
- * and convert them into private scalar, with the modulo bias being neglible.
+ * Which makes it slightly more biased, less secure.
- * Needs at least 40 bytes of input for 32-byte private key.
+ * @deprecated use mapKeyToField instead
- * https://research.kudelskisecurity.com/2020/07/28/the-definitive-guide-to-modulo-bias-and-how-to-avoid-it/
- * @param hash hash output from SHA3 or a similar function
- * @returns valid private scalar
  */
 export function hashToPrivateScalar(
   hash: string | Uint8Array,
   groupOrder: bigint,
   isLE = false
 ): bigint {
-  hash = ensureBytes(hash);
+  hash = ensureBytes('privateHash', hash);
   const hashLen = hash.length;
   const minLen = nLength(groupOrder).nByteLength + 8;
   if (minLen < 24 || hashLen < minLen || hashLen > 1024)
@@ -415,3 +432,53 @@ export function hashToPrivateScalar(
   const num = isLE ? bytesToNumberLE(hash) : bytesToNumberBE(hash);
   return mod(num, groupOrder - _1n) + _1n;
 }
+
+/**
+ * Returns total number of bytes consumed by the field element.
+ * For example, 32 bytes for usual 256-bit weierstrass curve.
+ * @param fieldOrder number of field elements, usually CURVE.n
+ * @returns byte length of field
+ */
+export function getFieldBytesLength(fieldOrder: bigint): number {
+  if (typeof fieldOrder !== 'bigint') throw new Error('field order must be bigint');
+  const bitLength = fieldOrder.toString(2).length;
+  return Math.ceil(bitLength / 8);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns minimal amount of bytes that can be safely reduced
+ * by field order.
+ * Should be 2^-128 for 128-bit curve such as P256.
+ * @param fieldOrder number of field elements, usually CURVE.n
+ * @returns byte length of target hash
+ */
+export function getMinHashLength(fieldOrder: bigint): number {
+  const length = getFieldBytesLength(fieldOrder);
+  return length + Math.ceil(length / 2);
+}
+
+/**
+ * "Constant-time" private key generation utility.
+ * Can take (n + n/2) or more bytes of uniform input e.g. from CSPRNG or KDF
+ * and convert them into private scalar, with the modulo bias being negligible.
+ * Needs at least 48 bytes of input for 32-byte private key.
+ * https://research.kudelskisecurity.com/2020/07/28/the-definitive-guide-to-modulo-bias-and-how-to-avoid-it/
+ * FIPS 186-5, A.2 https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/fips/186/5/final
+ * RFC 9380, https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#section-5
+ * @param hash hash output from SHA3 or a similar function
+ * @param groupOrder size of subgroup - (e.g. secp256k1.CURVE.n)
+ * @param isLE interpret hash bytes as LE num
+ * @returns valid private scalar
+ */
+export function mapHashToField(key: Uint8Array, fieldOrder: bigint, isLE = false): Uint8Array {
+  const len = key.length;
+  const fieldLen = getFieldBytesLength(fieldOrder);
+  const minLen = getMinHashLength(fieldOrder);
+  // No small numbers: need to understand bias story. No huge numbers: easier to detect JS timings.
+  if (len < 16 || len < minLen || len > 1024)
+    throw new Error(`expected ${minLen}-1024 bytes of input, got ${len}`);
+  const num = isLE ? bytesToNumberBE(key) : bytesToNumberLE(key);
+  // `mod(x, 11)` can sometimes produce 0. `mod(x, 10) + 1` is the same, but no 0
+  const reduced = mod(num, fieldOrder - _1n) + _1n;
+  return isLE ? numberToBytesLE(reduced, fieldLen) : numberToBytesBE(reduced, fieldLen);
+}

src/abstract/montgomery.ts

@@ -11,25 +11,27 @@ export type CurveType = {
   nByteLength: number;
   adjustScalarBytes?: (bytes: Uint8Array) => Uint8Array;
   domain?: (data: Uint8Array, ctx: Uint8Array, phflag: boolean) => Uint8Array;
-  a24: bigint; // Related to d, but cannot be derived from it
+  a: bigint;
   montgomeryBits: number;
   powPminus2?: (x: bigint) => bigint;
   xyToU?: (x: bigint, y: bigint) => bigint;
-  Gu: string;
+  Gu: bigint;
+  randomBytes?: (bytesLength?: number) => Uint8Array;
 };
 export type CurveFn = {
   scalarMult: (scalar: Hex, u: Hex) => Uint8Array;
   scalarMultBase: (scalar: Hex) => Uint8Array;
   getSharedSecret: (privateKeyA: Hex, publicKeyB: Hex) => Uint8Array;
   getPublicKey: (privateKey: Hex) => Uint8Array;
-  Gu: string;
+  utils: { randomPrivateKey: () => Uint8Array };
+  GuBytes: Uint8Array;
 };
 
 function validateOpts(curve: CurveType) {
   validateObject(
     curve,
     {
-      a24: 'bigint',
+      a: 'bigint',
     },
     {
       montgomeryBits: 'isSafeInteger',
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@ function validateOpts(curve: CurveType) {
       adjustScalarBytes: 'function',
       domain: 'function',
       powPminus2: 'function',
-      Gu: 'string',
+      Gu: 'bigint',
     }
   );
   // Set defaults
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ function validateOpts(curve: CurveType) {
 export function montgomery(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
   const CURVE = validateOpts(curveDef);
   const { P } = CURVE;
-  const modP = (a: bigint) => mod(a, P);
+  const modP = (n: bigint) => mod(n, P);
   const montgomeryBits = CURVE.montgomeryBits;
   const montgomeryBytes = Math.ceil(montgomeryBits / 8);
   const fieldLen = CURVE.nByteLength;
@@ -73,12 +75,15 @@ export function montgomery(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
     return [x_2, x_3];
   }
 
+  // Accepts 0 as well
   function assertFieldElement(n: bigint): bigint {
     if (typeof n === 'bigint' && _0n <= n && n < P) return n;
     throw new Error('Expected valid scalar 0 < scalar < CURVE.P');
   }
 
   // x25519 from 4
+  // The constant a24 is (486662 - 2) / 4 = 121665 for curve25519/X25519
+  const a24 = (CURVE.a - BigInt(2)) / BigInt(4);
   /**
    *
    * @param pointU u coordinate (x) on Montgomery Curve 25519
@@ -90,8 +95,6 @@ export function montgomery(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
     // Section 5: Implementations MUST accept non-canonical values and process them as
     // if they had been reduced modulo the field prime.
     const k = assertFieldElement(scalar);
-    // The constant a24 is (486662 - 2) / 4 = 121665 for curve25519/X25519
-    const a24 = CURVE.a24;
     const x_1 = u;
     let x_2 = _1n;
     let z_2 = _0n;
@@ -147,17 +150,15 @@ export function montgomery(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
   function decodeUCoordinate(uEnc: Hex): bigint {
     // Section 5: When receiving such an array, implementations of X25519
     // MUST mask the most significant bit in the final byte.
-    // This is very ugly way, but it works because fieldLen-1 is outside of bounds for X448, so this becomes NOOP
+    const u = ensureBytes('u coordinate', uEnc, montgomeryBytes);
-    // fieldLen - scalaryBytes = 1 for X448 and = 0 for X25519
+    if (fieldLen === 32) u[31] &= 127; // 0b0111_1111
-    const u = ensureBytes(uEnc, montgomeryBytes);
-    // u[fieldLen-1] crashes QuickJS (TypeError: out-of-bound numeric index)
-    if (fieldLen === montgomeryBytes) u[fieldLen - 1] &= 127; // 0b0111_1111
     return bytesToNumberLE(u);
   }
   function decodeScalar(n: Hex): bigint {
-    const bytes = ensureBytes(n);
+    const bytes = ensureBytes('scalar', n);
-    if (bytes.length !== montgomeryBytes && bytes.length !== fieldLen)
+    const len = bytes.length;
-      throw new Error(`Expected ${montgomeryBytes} or ${fieldLen} bytes, got ${bytes.length}`);
+    if (len !== montgomeryBytes && len !== fieldLen)
+      throw new Error(`Expected ${montgomeryBytes} or ${fieldLen} bytes, got ${len}`);
     return bytesToNumberLE(adjustScalarBytes(bytes));
   }
   function scalarMult(scalar: Hex, u: Hex): Uint8Array {
@@ -170,8 +171,9 @@ export function montgomery(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
     return encodeUCoordinate(pu);
   }
   // Computes public key from private. By doing scalar multiplication of base point.
+  const GuBytes = encodeUCoordinate(CURVE.Gu);
   function scalarMultBase(scalar: Hex): Uint8Array {
-    return scalarMult(scalar, CURVE.Gu);
+    return scalarMult(scalar, GuBytes);
   }
 
   return {
@@ -179,6 +181,7 @@ export function montgomery(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
     scalarMultBase,
     getSharedSecret: (privateKey: Hex, publicKey: Hex) => scalarMult(privateKey, publicKey),
     getPublicKey: (privateKey: Hex): Uint8Array => scalarMultBase(privateKey),
-    Gu: CURVE.Gu,
+    utils: { randomPrivateKey: () => CURVE.randomBytes!(CURVE.nByteLength) },
+    GuBytes: GuBytes,
   };
 }

src/abstract/poseidon.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 /*! noble-curves - MIT License (c) 2022 Paul Miller (paulmillr.com) */
 // Poseidon Hash: https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/458.pdf, https://www.poseidon-hash.info
-import { Field, FpPow, validateField } from './modular.js';
+import { IField, FpPow, validateField } from './modular.js';
 // We don't provide any constants, since different implementations use different constants.
 // For reference constants see './test/poseidon.test.js'.
 export type PoseidonOpts = {
-  Fp: Field<bigint>;
+  Fp: IField<bigint>;
   t: number;
   roundsFull: number;
   roundsPartial: number;
@@ -15,34 +15,36 @@ export type PoseidonOpts = {
 };
 
 export function validateOpts(opts: PoseidonOpts) {
-  const { Fp } = opts;
+  const { Fp, mds, reversePartialPowIdx: rev, roundConstants: rc } = opts;
+  const { roundsFull, roundsPartial, sboxPower, t } = opts;
+
   validateField(Fp);
   for (const i of ['t', 'roundsFull', 'roundsPartial'] as const) {
     if (typeof opts[i] !== 'number' || !Number.isSafeInteger(opts[i]))
       throw new Error(`Poseidon: invalid param ${i}=${opts[i]} (${typeof opts[i]})`);
   }
-  if (opts.reversePartialPowIdx !== undefined && typeof opts.reversePartialPowIdx !== 'boolean')
-    throw new Error(`Poseidon: invalid param reversePartialPowIdx=${opts.reversePartialPowIdx}`);
-  // Default is 5, but by some reasons stark uses 3
-  let sboxPower = opts.sboxPower;
-  if (sboxPower === undefined) sboxPower = 5;
-  if (typeof sboxPower !== 'number' || !Number.isSafeInteger(sboxPower))
-    throw new Error(`Poseidon wrong sboxPower=${sboxPower}`);
 
-  const _sboxPower = BigInt(sboxPower);
+  // MDS is TxT matrix
-  let sboxFn = (n: bigint) => FpPow(Fp, n, _sboxPower);
+  if (!Array.isArray(mds) || mds.length !== t) throw new Error('Poseidon: wrong MDS matrix');
-  // Unwrapped sbox power for common cases (195->142μs)
+  const _mds = mds.map((mdsRow) => {
-  if (sboxPower === 3) sboxFn = (n: bigint) => Fp.mul(Fp.sqrN(n), n);
+    if (!Array.isArray(mdsRow) || mdsRow.length !== t)
-  else if (sboxPower === 5) sboxFn = (n: bigint) => Fp.mul(Fp.sqrN(Fp.sqrN(n)), n);
+      throw new Error(`Poseidon MDS matrix row: ${mdsRow}`);
+    return mdsRow.map((i) => {
+      if (typeof i !== 'bigint') throw new Error(`Poseidon MDS matrix value=${i}`);
+      return Fp.create(i);
+    });
+  });
 
-  if (opts.roundsFull % 2 !== 0)
+  if (rev !== undefined && typeof rev !== 'boolean')
-    throw new Error(`Poseidon roundsFull is not even: ${opts.roundsFull}`);
+    throw new Error(`Poseidon: invalid param reversePartialPowIdx=${rev}`);
-  const rounds = opts.roundsFull + opts.roundsPartial;
 
-  if (!Array.isArray(opts.roundConstants) || opts.roundConstants.length !== rounds)
+  if (roundsFull % 2 !== 0) throw new Error(`Poseidon roundsFull is not even: ${roundsFull}`);
+  const rounds = roundsFull + roundsPartial;
+
+  if (!Array.isArray(rc) || rc.length !== rounds)
     throw new Error('Poseidon: wrong round constants');
-  const roundConstants = opts.roundConstants.map((rc) => {
+  const roundConstants = rc.map((rc) => {
-    if (!Array.isArray(rc) || rc.length !== opts.t)
+    if (!Array.isArray(rc) || rc.length !== t)
       throw new Error(`Poseidon wrong round constants: ${rc}`);
     return rc.map((i) => {
       if (typeof i !== 'bigint' || !Fp.isValid(i))
@@ -50,18 +52,16 @@ export function validateOpts(opts: PoseidonOpts) {
       return Fp.create(i);
     });
   });
-  // MDS is TxT matrix
+
-  if (!Array.isArray(opts.mds) || opts.mds.length !== opts.t)
+  if (!sboxPower || ![3, 5, 7].includes(sboxPower))
-    throw new Error('Poseidon: wrong MDS matrix');
+    throw new Error(`Poseidon wrong sboxPower=${sboxPower}`);
-  const mds = opts.mds.map((mdsRow) => {
+  const _sboxPower = BigInt(sboxPower);
-    if (!Array.isArray(mdsRow) || mdsRow.length !== opts.t)
+  let sboxFn = (n: bigint) => FpPow(Fp, n, _sboxPower);
-      throw new Error(`Poseidon MDS matrix row: ${mdsRow}`);
+  // Unwrapped sbox power for common cases (195->142μs)
-    return mdsRow.map((i) => {
+  if (sboxPower === 3) sboxFn = (n: bigint) => Fp.mul(Fp.sqrN(n), n);
-      if (typeof i !== 'bigint') throw new Error(`Poseidon MDS matrix value=${i}`);
+  else if (sboxPower === 5) sboxFn = (n: bigint) => Fp.mul(Fp.sqrN(Fp.sqrN(n)), n);
-      return Fp.create(i);
+
-    });
+  return Object.freeze({ ...opts, rounds, sboxFn, roundConstants, mds: _mds });
-  });
-  return Object.freeze({ ...opts, rounds, sboxFn, roundConstants, mds });
 }
 
 export function splitConstants(rc: bigint[], t: number) {
@@ -80,18 +80,17 @@ export function splitConstants(rc: bigint[], t: number) {
 }
 
 export function poseidon(opts: PoseidonOpts) {
-  const { t, Fp, rounds, sboxFn, reversePartialPowIdx } = validateOpts(opts);
+  const _opts = validateOpts(opts);
-  const halfRoundsFull = Math.floor(opts.roundsFull / 2);
+  const { Fp, mds, roundConstants, rounds, roundsPartial, sboxFn, t } = _opts;
-  const partialIdx = reversePartialPowIdx ? t - 1 : 0;
+  const halfRoundsFull = _opts.roundsFull / 2;
+  const partialIdx = _opts.reversePartialPowIdx ? t - 1 : 0;
   const poseidonRound = (values: bigint[], isFull: boolean, idx: number) => {
-    values = values.map((i, j) => Fp.add(i, opts.roundConstants[idx][j]));
+    values = values.map((i, j) => Fp.add(i, roundConstants[idx][j]));
 
     if (isFull) values = values.map((i) => sboxFn(i));
     else values[partialIdx] = sboxFn(values[partialIdx]);
     // Matrix multiplication
-    values = opts.mds.map((i) =>
+    values = mds.map((i) => i.reduce((acc, i, j) => Fp.add(acc, Fp.mulN(i, values[j])), Fp.ZERO));
-      i.reduce((acc, i, j) => Fp.add(acc, Fp.mulN(i, values[j])), Fp.ZERO)
-    );
     return values;
   };
   const poseidonHash = function poseidonHash(values: bigint[]) {
@@ -105,7 +104,7 @@ export function poseidon(opts: PoseidonOpts) {
     // Apply r_f/2 full rounds.
     for (let i = 0; i < halfRoundsFull; i++) values = poseidonRound(values, true, round++);
     // Apply r_p partial rounds.
-    for (let i = 0; i < opts.roundsPartial; i++) values = poseidonRound(values, false, round++);
+    for (let i = 0; i < roundsPartial; i++) values = poseidonRound(values, false, round++);
     // Apply r_f/2 full rounds.
     for (let i = 0; i < halfRoundsFull; i++) values = poseidonRound(values, true, round++);
 
@@ -114,6 +113,6 @@ export function poseidon(opts: PoseidonOpts) {
     return values;
   };
   // For verification in tests
-  poseidonHash.roundConstants = opts.roundConstants;
+  poseidonHash.roundConstants = roundConstants;
   return poseidonHash;
 }

src/abstract/utils.ts

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 /*! noble-curves - MIT License (c) 2022 Paul Miller (paulmillr.com) */
+// 100 lines of code in the file are duplicated from noble-hashes (utils).
+// This is OK: `abstract` directory does not use noble-hashes.
+// User may opt-in into using different hashing library. This way, noble-hashes
+// won't be included into their bundle.
 const _0n = BigInt(0);
 const _1n = BigInt(1);
 const _2n = BigInt(2);
-const u8a = (a: any): a is Uint8Array => a instanceof Uint8Array;
+export type Hex = Uint8Array | string; // hex strings are accepted for simplicity
-
+export type PrivKey = Hex | bigint; // bigints are accepted to ease learning curve
-// We accept hex strings besides Uint8Array for simplicity
-export type Hex = Uint8Array | string;
-// Very few implementations accept numbers, we do it to ease learning curve
-export type PrivKey = Hex | bigint;
 export type CHash = {
   (message: Uint8Array | string): Uint8Array;
   blockLen: number;
@@ -16,9 +16,26 @@ export type CHash = {
 };
 export type FHash = (message: Uint8Array | string) => Uint8Array;
 
-const hexes = Array.from({ length: 256 }, (v, i) => i.toString(16).padStart(2, '0'));
+export function isBytes(a: unknown): a is Uint8Array {
+  return (
+    a instanceof Uint8Array ||
+    (a != null && typeof a === 'object' && a.constructor.name === 'Uint8Array')
+  );
+}
+
+export function abytes(item: unknown): void {
+  if (!isBytes(item)) throw new Error('Uint8Array expected');
+}
+
+// Array where index 0xf0 (240) is mapped to string 'f0'
+const hexes = /* @__PURE__ */ Array.from({ length: 256 }, (_, i) =>
+  i.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
+);
+/**
+ * @example bytesToHex(Uint8Array.from([0xca, 0xfe, 0x01, 0x23])) // 'cafe0123'
+ */
 export function bytesToHex(bytes: Uint8Array): string {
-  if (!u8a(bytes)) throw new Error('Uint8Array expected');
+  abytes(bytes);
   // pre-caching improves the speed 6x
   let hex = '';
   for (let i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
@@ -33,92 +50,234 @@ export function numberToHexUnpadded(num: number | bigint): string {
 }
 
 export function hexToNumber(hex: string): bigint {
-  if (typeof hex !== 'string') throw new Error('string expected, got ' + typeof hex);
+  if (typeof hex !== 'string') throw new Error('hex string expected, got ' + typeof hex);
   // Big Endian
   return BigInt(hex === '' ? '0' : `0x${hex}`);
 }
 
-// Caching slows it down 2-3x
+// We use optimized technique to convert hex string to byte array
+const asciis = { _0: 48, _9: 57, _A: 65, _F: 70, _a: 97, _f: 102 } as const;
+function asciiToBase16(char: number): number | undefined {
+  if (char >= asciis._0 && char <= asciis._9) return char - asciis._0;
+  if (char >= asciis._A && char <= asciis._F) return char - (asciis._A - 10);
+  if (char >= asciis._a && char <= asciis._f) return char - (asciis._a - 10);
+  return;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @example hexToBytes('cafe0123') // Uint8Array.from([0xca, 0xfe, 0x01, 0x23])
+ */
 export function hexToBytes(hex: string): Uint8Array {
-  if (typeof hex !== 'string') throw new Error('string expected, got ' + typeof hex);
+  if (typeof hex !== 'string') throw new Error('hex string expected, got ' + typeof hex);
-  if (hex.length % 2) throw new Error('hex string is invalid: unpadded ' + hex.length);
+  const hl = hex.length;
-  const array = new Uint8Array(hex.length / 2);
+  const al = hl / 2;
-  for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
+  if (hl % 2) throw new Error('padded hex string expected, got unpadded hex of length ' + hl);
-    const j = i * 2;
+  const array = new Uint8Array(al);
-    const hexByte = hex.slice(j, j + 2);
+  for (let ai = 0, hi = 0; ai < al; ai++, hi += 2) {
-    const byte = Number.parseInt(hexByte, 16);
+    const n1 = asciiToBase16(hex.charCodeAt(hi));
-    if (Number.isNaN(byte) || byte < 0) throw new Error('invalid byte sequence');
+    const n2 = asciiToBase16(hex.charCodeAt(hi + 1));
-    array[i] = byte;
+    if (n1 === undefined || n2 === undefined) {
+      const char = hex[hi] + hex[hi + 1];
+      throw new Error('hex string expected, got non-hex character "' + char + '" at index ' + hi);
+    }
+    array[ai] = n1 * 16 + n2;
   }
   return array;
 }
 
-// Big Endian
+// BE: Big Endian, LE: Little Endian
 export function bytesToNumberBE(bytes: Uint8Array): bigint {
   return hexToNumber(bytesToHex(bytes));
 }
 export function bytesToNumberLE(bytes: Uint8Array): bigint {
-  if (!u8a(bytes)) throw new Error('Uint8Array expected');
+  abytes(bytes);
   return hexToNumber(bytesToHex(Uint8Array.from(bytes).reverse()));
 }
 
-export const numberToBytesBE = (n: bigint, len: number) =>
+export function numberToBytesBE(n: number | bigint, len: number): Uint8Array {
-  hexToBytes(n.toString(16).padStart(len * 2, '0'));
+  return hexToBytes(n.toString(16).padStart(len * 2, '0'));
-export const numberToBytesLE = (n: bigint, len: number) => numberToBytesBE(n, len).reverse();
+}
-// Returns variable number bytes (minimal bigint encoding?)
+export function numberToBytesLE(n: number | bigint, len: number): Uint8Array {
-export const numberToVarBytesBE = (n: bigint) => hexToBytes(numberToHexUnpadded(n));
+  return numberToBytesBE(n, len).reverse();
+}
+// Unpadded, rarely used
+export function numberToVarBytesBE(n: number | bigint): Uint8Array {
+  return hexToBytes(numberToHexUnpadded(n));
+}
 
-export function ensureBytes(hex: Hex, expectedLength?: number): Uint8Array {
+/**
+ * Takes hex string or Uint8Array, converts to Uint8Array.
+ * Validates output length.
+ * Will throw error for other types.
+ * @param title descriptive title for an error e.g. 'private key'
+ * @param hex hex string or Uint8Array
+ * @param expectedLength optional, will compare to result array's length
+ * @returns
+ */
+export function ensureBytes(title: string, hex: Hex, expectedLength?: number): Uint8Array {
+  let res: Uint8Array;
+  if (typeof hex === 'string') {
+    try {
+      res = hexToBytes(hex);
+    } catch (e) {
+      throw new Error(`${title} must be valid hex string, got "${hex}". Cause: ${e}`);
+    }
+  } else if (isBytes(hex)) {
     // Uint8Array.from() instead of hash.slice() because node.js Buffer
     // is instance of Uint8Array, and its slice() creates **mutable** copy
-  const bytes = u8a(hex) ? Uint8Array.from(hex) : hexToBytes(hex);
+    res = Uint8Array.from(hex);
-  if (typeof expectedLength === 'number' && bytes.length !== expectedLength)
+  } else {
-    throw new Error(`Expected ${expectedLength} bytes`);
+    throw new Error(`${title} must be hex string or Uint8Array`);
-  return bytes;
+  }
+  const len = res.length;
+  if (typeof expectedLength === 'number' && len !== expectedLength)
+    throw new Error(`${title} expected ${expectedLength} bytes, got ${len}`);
+  return res;
 }
 
-// Copies several Uint8Arrays into one.
+/**
-export function concatBytes(...arrs: Uint8Array[]): Uint8Array {
+ * Copies several Uint8Arrays into one.
-  const r = new Uint8Array(arrs.reduce((sum, a) => sum + a.length, 0));
+ */
-  let pad = 0; // walk through each item, ensure they have proper type
+export function concatBytes(...arrays: Uint8Array[]): Uint8Array {
-  arrs.forEach((a) => {
+  let sum = 0;
-    if (!u8a(a)) throw new Error('Uint8Array expected');
+  for (let i = 0; i < arrays.length; i++) {
-    r.set(a, pad);
+    const a = arrays[i];
+    abytes(a);
+    sum += a.length;
+  }
+  const res = new Uint8Array(sum);
+  for (let i = 0, pad = 0; i < arrays.length; i++) {
+    const a = arrays[i];
+    res.set(a, pad);
     pad += a.length;
-  });
+  }
-  return r;
+  return res;
 }
 
-export function equalBytes(b1: Uint8Array, b2: Uint8Array) {
+// Compares 2 u8a-s in kinda constant time
-  // We don't care about timing attacks here
+export function equalBytes(a: Uint8Array, b: Uint8Array) {
-  if (b1.length !== b2.length) return false;
+  if (a.length !== b.length) return false;
-  for (let i = 0; i < b1.length; i++) if (b1[i] !== b2[i]) return false;
+  let diff = 0;
-  return true;
+  for (let i = 0; i < a.length; i++) diff |= a[i] ^ b[i];
+  return diff === 0;
+}
+
+// Global symbols in both browsers and Node.js since v11
+// See https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/31535
+declare const TextEncoder: any;
+
+/**
+ * @example utf8ToBytes('abc') // new Uint8Array([97, 98, 99])
+ */
+export function utf8ToBytes(str: string): Uint8Array {
+  if (typeof str !== 'string') throw new Error(`utf8ToBytes expected string, got ${typeof str}`);
+  return new Uint8Array(new TextEncoder().encode(str)); // https://bugzil.la/1681809
 }
 
 // Bit operations
 
-// Amount of bits inside bigint (Same as n.toString(2).length)
+/**
+ * Calculates amount of bits in a bigint.
+ * Same as `n.toString(2).length`
+ */
 export function bitLen(n: bigint) {
   let len;
-  for (len = 0; n > 0n; n >>= _1n, len += 1);
+  for (len = 0; n > _0n; n >>= _1n, len += 1);
   return len;
 }
-// Gets single bit at position. NOTE: first bit position is 0 (same as arrays)
+
-// Same as !!+Array.from(n.toString(2)).reverse()[pos]
+/**
-export const bitGet = (n: bigint, pos: number) => (n >> BigInt(pos)) & 1n;
+ * Gets single bit at position.
-// Sets single bit at position
+ * NOTE: first bit position is 0 (same as arrays)
-export const bitSet = (n: bigint, pos: number, value: boolean) =>
+ * Same as `!!+Array.from(n.toString(2)).reverse()[pos]`
-  n | ((value ? _1n : _0n) << BigInt(pos));
+ */
-// Return mask for N bits (Same as BigInt(`0b${Array(i).fill('1').join('')}`))
+export function bitGet(n: bigint, pos: number) {
-// Not using ** operator with bigints for old engines.
+  return (n >> BigInt(pos)) & _1n;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets single bit at position.
+ */
+export function bitSet(n: bigint, pos: number, value: boolean) {
+  return n | ((value ? _1n : _0n) << BigInt(pos));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Calculate mask for N bits. Not using ** operator with bigints because of old engines.
+ * Same as BigInt(`0b${Array(i).fill('1').join('')}`)
+ */
 export const bitMask = (n: number) => (_2n << BigInt(n - 1)) - _1n;
 
+// DRBG
+
+const u8n = (data?: any) => new Uint8Array(data); // creates Uint8Array
+const u8fr = (arr: any) => Uint8Array.from(arr); // another shortcut
+type Pred<T> = (v: Uint8Array) => T | undefined;
+/**
+ * Minimal HMAC-DRBG from NIST 800-90 for RFC6979 sigs.
+ * @returns function that will call DRBG until 2nd arg returns something meaningful
+ * @example
+ *   const drbg = createHmacDRBG<Key>(32, 32, hmac);
+ *   drbg(seed, bytesToKey); // bytesToKey must return Key or undefined
+ */
+export function createHmacDrbg<T>(
+  hashLen: number,
+  qByteLen: number,
+  hmacFn: (key: Uint8Array, ...messages: Uint8Array[]) => Uint8Array
+): (seed: Uint8Array, predicate: Pred<T>) => T {
+  if (typeof hashLen !== 'number' || hashLen < 2) throw new Error('hashLen must be a number');
+  if (typeof qByteLen !== 'number' || qByteLen < 2) throw new Error('qByteLen must be a number');
+  if (typeof hmacFn !== 'function') throw new Error('hmacFn must be a function');
+  // Step B, Step C: set hashLen to 8*ceil(hlen/8)
+  let v = u8n(hashLen); // Minimal non-full-spec HMAC-DRBG from NIST 800-90 for RFC6979 sigs.
+  let k = u8n(hashLen); // Steps B and C of RFC6979 3.2: set hashLen, in our case always same
+  let i = 0; // Iterations counter, will throw when over 1000
+  const reset = () => {
+    v.fill(1);
+    k.fill(0);
+    i = 0;
+  };
+  const h = (...b: Uint8Array[]) => hmacFn(k, v, ...b); // hmac(k)(v, ...values)
+  const reseed = (seed = u8n()) => {
+    // HMAC-DRBG reseed() function. Steps D-G
+    k = h(u8fr([0x00]), seed); // k = hmac(k || v || 0x00 || seed)
+    v = h(); // v = hmac(k || v)
+    if (seed.length === 0) return;
+    k = h(u8fr([0x01]), seed); // k = hmac(k || v || 0x01 || seed)
+    v = h(); // v = hmac(k || v)
+  };
+  const gen = () => {
+    // HMAC-DRBG generate() function
+    if (i++ >= 1000) throw new Error('drbg: tried 1000 values');
+    let len = 0;
+    const out: Uint8Array[] = [];
+    while (len < qByteLen) {
+      v = h();
+      const sl = v.slice();
+      out.push(sl);
+      len += v.length;
+    }
+    return concatBytes(...out);
+  };
+  const genUntil = (seed: Uint8Array, pred: Pred<T>): T => {
+    reset();
+    reseed(seed); // Steps D-G
+    let res: T | undefined = undefined; // Step H: grind until k is in [1..n-1]
+    while (!(res = pred(gen()))) reseed();
+    reset();
+    return res;
+  };
+  return genUntil;
+}
+
+// Validating curves and fields
+
 const validatorFns = {
   bigint: (val: any) => typeof val === 'bigint',
   function: (val: any) => typeof val === 'function',
   boolean: (val: any) => typeof val === 'boolean',
   string: (val: any) => typeof val === 'string',
+  stringOrUint8Array: (val: any) => typeof val === 'string' || isBytes(val),
   isSafeInteger: (val: any) => Number.isSafeInteger(val),
   array: (val: any) => Array.isArray(val),
   field: (val: any, object: any) => (object as any).Fp.isValid(val),

src/abstract/weierstrass.ts

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ export type BasicWCurve<T> = BasicCurve<T> & {
   clearCofactor?: (c: ProjConstructor<T>, point: ProjPointType<T>) => ProjPointType<T>;
 };
 
-type Entropy = Hex | true;
+type Entropy = Hex | boolean;
 export type SignOpts = { lowS?: boolean; extraEntropy?: Entropy; prehash?: boolean };
 export type VerOpts = { lowS?: boolean; prehash?: boolean };
 
@@ -58,10 +58,9 @@ export interface ProjPointType<T> extends Group<ProjPointType<T>> {
   readonly px: T;
   readonly py: T;
   readonly pz: T;
+  get x(): T;
+  get y(): T;
   multiply(scalar: bigint): ProjPointType<T>;
-  multiplyUnsafe(scalar: bigint): ProjPointType<T>;
-  multiplyAndAddUnsafe(Q: ProjPointType<T>, a: bigint, b: bigint): ProjPointType<T> | undefined;
-  _setWindowSize(windowSize: number): void;
   toAffine(iz?: T): AffinePoint<T>;
   isTorsionFree(): boolean;
   clearCofactor(): ProjPointType<T>;
@@ -69,6 +68,10 @@ export interface ProjPointType<T> extends Group<ProjPointType<T>> {
   hasEvenY(): boolean;
   toRawBytes(isCompressed?: boolean): Uint8Array;
   toHex(isCompressed?: boolean): string;
+
+  multiplyUnsafe(scalar: bigint): ProjPointType<T>;
+  multiplyAndAddUnsafe(Q: ProjPointType<T>, a: bigint, b: bigint): ProjPointType<T> | undefined;
+  _setWindowSize(windowSize: number): void;
 }
 // Static methods for 3d XYZ points
 export interface ProjConstructor<T> extends GroupConstructor<ProjPointType<T>> {
@@ -81,8 +84,8 @@ export interface ProjConstructor<T> extends GroupConstructor<ProjPointType<T>> {
 
 export type CurvePointsType<T> = BasicWCurve<T> & {
   // Bytes
-  fromBytes: (bytes: Uint8Array) => AffinePoint<T>;
+  fromBytes?: (bytes: Uint8Array) => AffinePoint<T>;
-  toBytes: (c: ProjConstructor<T>, point: ProjPointType<T>, compressed: boolean) => Uint8Array;
+  toBytes?: (c: ProjConstructor<T>, point: ProjPointType<T>, isCompressed: boolean) => Uint8Array;
 };
 
 function validatePointOpts<T>(curve: CurvePointsType<T>) {
@@ -92,8 +95,6 @@ function validatePointOpts<T>(curve: CurvePointsType<T>) {
     {
       a: 'field',
       b: 'field',
-      fromBytes: 'function',
-      toBytes: 'function',
     },
     {
       allowedPrivateKeyLengths: 'array',
@@ -101,6 +102,8 @@ function validatePointOpts<T>(curve: CurvePointsType<T>) {
       isTorsionFree: 'function',
       clearCofactor: 'function',
       allowInfinityPoint: 'boolean',
+      fromBytes: 'function',
+      toBytes: 'function',
     }
   );
   const { endo, Fp, a } = opts;
@@ -120,15 +123,16 @@ function validatePointOpts<T>(curve: CurvePointsType<T>) {
 }
 
 export type CurvePointsRes<T> = {
+  CURVE: ReturnType<typeof validatePointOpts<T>>;
   ProjectivePoint: ProjConstructor<T>;
-  normalizePrivateKey: (key: PrivKey) => bigint;
+  normPrivateKeyToScalar: (key: PrivKey) => bigint;
   weierstrassEquation: (x: T) => T;
   isWithinCurveOrder: (num: bigint) => boolean;
 };
 
 // ASN.1 DER encoding utilities
 const { bytesToNumberBE: b2n, hexToBytes: h2b } = ut;
-const DER = {
+export const DER = {
   // asn.1 DER encoding utils
   Err: class DERErr extends Error {
     constructor(m = '') {
@@ -141,16 +145,20 @@ const DER = {
     const len = data[1];
     const res = data.subarray(2, len + 2);
     if (!len || res.length !== len) throw new E('Invalid signature integer: wrong length');
-    if (res[0] === 0x00 && res[1] <= 0x7f)
+    // https://crypto.stackexchange.com/a/57734 Leftmost bit of first byte is 'negative' flag,
-      throw new E('Invalid signature integer: trailing length');
+    // since we always use positive integers here. It must always be empty:
-    // ^ Weird condition: not about length, but about first bytes of number.
+    // - add zero byte if exists
+    // - if next byte doesn't have a flag, leading zero is not allowed (minimal encoding)
+    if (res[0] & 0b10000000) throw new E('Invalid signature integer: negative');
+    if (res[0] === 0x00 && !(res[1] & 0b10000000))
+      throw new E('Invalid signature integer: unnecessary leading zero');
     return { d: b2n(res), l: data.subarray(len + 2) }; // d is data, l is left
   },
   toSig(hex: string | Uint8Array): { r: bigint; s: bigint } {
     // parse DER signature
     const { Err: E } = DER;
     const data = typeof hex === 'string' ? h2b(hex) : hex;
-    if (!(data instanceof Uint8Array)) throw new Error('ui8a expected');
+    ut.abytes(data);
     let l = data.length;
     if (l < 2 || data[0] != 0x30) throw new E('Invalid signature tag');
     if (data[1] !== l - 2) throw new E('Invalid signature: incorrect length');
@@ -160,7 +168,8 @@ const DER = {
     return { r, s };
   },
   hexFromSig(sig: { r: bigint; s: bigint }): string {
-    const slice = (s: string): string => (Number.parseInt(s[0], 16) >= 8 ? '00' + s : s); // slice DER
+    // Add leading zero if first byte has negative bit enabled. More details in '_parseInt'
+    const slice = (s: string): string => (Number.parseInt(s[0], 16) & 0b1000 ? '00' + s : s);
     const h = (num: number | bigint) => {
       const hex = num.toString(16);
       return hex.length & 1 ? `0${hex}` : hex;
@@ -175,14 +184,31 @@ const DER = {
   },
 };
 
-// Be friendly to bad ECMAScript parsers by not using bigint literals like 123n
+// Be friendly to bad ECMAScript parsers by not using bigint literals
-const _0n = BigInt(0);
+// prettier-ignore
-const _1n = BigInt(1);
+const _0n = BigInt(0), _1n = BigInt(1), _2n = BigInt(2), _3n = BigInt(3), _4n = BigInt(4);
 
-export function weierstrassPoints<T>(opts: CurvePointsType<T>) {
+export function weierstrassPoints<T>(opts: CurvePointsType<T>): CurvePointsRes<T> {
   const CURVE = validatePointOpts(opts);
   const { Fp } = CURVE; // All curves has same field / group length as for now, but they can differ
 
+  const toBytes =
+    CURVE.toBytes ||
+    ((_c: ProjConstructor<T>, point: ProjPointType<T>, _isCompressed: boolean) => {
+      const a = point.toAffine();
+      return ut.concatBytes(Uint8Array.from([0x04]), Fp.toBytes(a.x), Fp.toBytes(a.y));
+    });
+  const fromBytes =
+    CURVE.fromBytes ||
+    ((bytes: Uint8Array) => {
+      // const head = bytes[0];
+      const tail = bytes.subarray(1);
+      // if (head !== 0x04) throw new Error('Only non-compressed encoding is supported');
+      const x = Fp.fromBytes(tail.subarray(0, Fp.BYTES));
+      const y = Fp.fromBytes(tail.subarray(Fp.BYTES, 2 * Fp.BYTES));
+      return { x, y };
+    });
+
   /**
    * y² = x³ + ax + b: Short weierstrass curve formula
    * @returns y²
@@ -193,6 +219,12 @@ export function weierstrassPoints<T>(opts: CurvePointsType<T>) {
     const x3 = Fp.mul(x2, x); // x2 * x
     return Fp.add(Fp.add(x3, Fp.mul(x, a)), b); // x3 + a * x + b
   }
+  // Validate whether the passed curve params are valid.
+  // We check if curve equation works for generator point.
+  // `assertValidity()` won't work: `isTorsionFree()` is not available at this point in bls12-381.
+  // ProjectivePoint class has not been initialized yet.
+  if (!Fp.eql(Fp.sqr(CURVE.Gy), weierstrassEquation(CURVE.Gx)))
+    throw new Error('bad generator point: equation left != right');
 
   // Valid group elements reside in range 1..n-1
   function isWithinCurveOrder(num: bigint): boolean {
@@ -202,18 +234,21 @@ export function weierstrassPoints<T>(opts: CurvePointsType<T>) {
     if (!isWithinCurveOrder(num)) throw new Error('Expected valid bigint: 0 < bigint < curve.n');
   }
   // Validates if priv key is valid and converts it to bigint.
-  // Supports options CURVE.normalizePrivateKey and CURVE.wrapPrivateKey.
+  // Supports options allowedPrivateKeyLengths and wrapPrivateKey.
-  function normalizePrivateKey(key: PrivKey): bigint {
+  function normPrivateKeyToScalar(key: PrivKey): bigint {
     const { allowedPrivateKeyLengths: lengths, nByteLength, wrapPrivateKey, n } = CURVE;
     if (lengths && typeof key !== 'bigint') {
-      if (key instanceof Uint8Array) key = ut.bytesToHex(key);
+      if (ut.isBytes(key)) key = ut.bytesToHex(key);
       // Normalize to hex string, pad. E.g. P521 would norm 130-132 char hex to 132-char bytes
       if (typeof key !== 'string' || !lengths.includes(key.length)) throw new Error('Invalid key');
       key = key.padStart(nByteLength * 2, '0');
     }
     let num: bigint;
     try {
-      num = typeof key === 'bigint' ? key : ut.bytesToNumberBE(ensureBytes(key, nByteLength));
+      num =
+        typeof key === 'bigint'
+          ? key
+          : ut.bytesToNumberBE(ensureBytes('private key', key, nByteLength));
     } catch (error) {
       throw new Error(`private key must be ${nByteLength} bytes, hex or bigint, not ${typeof key}`);
     }
@@ -235,7 +270,11 @@ export function weierstrassPoints<T>(opts: CurvePointsType<T>) {
     static readonly BASE = new Point(CURVE.Gx, CURVE.Gy, Fp.ONE);
     static readonly ZERO = new Point(Fp.ZERO, Fp.ONE, Fp.ZERO);
 
-    constructor(readonly px: T, readonly py: T, readonly pz: T) {
+    constructor(
+      readonly px: T,
+      readonly py: T,
+      readonly pz: T
+    ) {
       if (px == null || !Fp.isValid(px)) throw new Error('x required');
       if (py == null || !Fp.isValid(py)) throw new Error('y required');
       if (pz == null || !Fp.isValid(pz)) throw new Error('z required');
@@ -276,14 +315,14 @@ export function weierstrassPoints<T>(opts: CurvePointsType<T>) {
      * @param hex short/long ECDSA hex
      */
     static fromHex(hex: Hex): Point {
-      const P = Point.fromAffine(CURVE.fromBytes(ensureBytes(hex)));
+      const P = Point.fromAffine(fromBytes(ensureBytes('pointHex', hex)));
       P.assertValidity();
       return P;
     }
 
     // Multiplies generator point by privateKey.
     static fromPrivateKey(privateKey: PrivKey) {
-      return Point.BASE.multiply(normalizePrivateKey(privateKey));
+      return Point.BASE.multiply(normPrivateKeyToScalar(privateKey));
     }
 
     // We calculate precomputes for elliptic curve point multiplication
@@ -299,9 +338,11 @@ export function weierstrassPoints<T>(opts: CurvePointsType<T>) {
 
     // A point on curve is valid if it conforms to equation.
     assertValidity(): void {
-      // Zero is valid point too!
       if (this.is0()) {
-        if (CURVE.allowInfinityPoint) return;
+        // (0, 1, 0) aka ZERO is invalid in most contexts.
+        // In BLS, ZERO can be serialized, so we allow it.
+        // (0, 0, 0) is wrong representation of ZERO and is always invalid.
+        if (CURVE.allowInfinityPoint && !Fp.is0(this.py)) return;
         throw new Error('bad point: ZERO');
       }
       // Some 3rd-party test vectors require different wording between here & `fromCompressedHex`
@@ -344,7 +385,7 @@ export function weierstrassPoints<T>(opts: CurvePointsType<T>) {
     // Cost: 8M + 3S + 3*a + 2*b3 + 15add.
     double() {
       const { a, b } = CURVE;
-      const b3 = Fp.mul(b, 3n);
+      const b3 = Fp.mul(b, _3n);
       const { px: X1, py: Y1, pz: Z1 } = this;
       let X3 = Fp.ZERO, Y3 = Fp.ZERO, Z3 = Fp.ZERO; // prettier-ignore
       let t0 = Fp.mul(X1, X1); // step 1
@@ -391,7 +432,7 @@ export function weierstrassPoints<T>(opts: CurvePointsType<T>) {
       const { px: X2, py: Y2, pz: Z2 } = other;
       let X3 = Fp.ZERO, Y3 = Fp.ZERO, Z3 = Fp.ZERO; // prettier-ignore
       const a = CURVE.a;
-      const b3 = Fp.mul(CURVE.b, 3n);
+      const b3 = Fp.mul(CURVE.b, _3n);
       let t0 = Fp.mul(X1, X2); // step 1
       let t1 = Fp.mul(Y1, Y2);
       let t2 = Fp.mul(Z1, Z2);
@@ -484,8 +525,9 @@ export function weierstrassPoints<T>(opts: CurvePointsType<T>) {
      * Constant time multiplication.
      * Uses wNAF method. Windowed method may be 10% faster,
      * but takes 2x longer to generate and consumes 2x memory.
+     * Uses precomputes when available.
+     * Uses endomorphism for Koblitz curves.
      * @param scalar by which the point would be multiplied
-     * @param affinePoint optional point ot save cached precompute windows on it
      * @returns New point
      */
     multiply(scalar: bigint): Point {
@@ -513,6 +555,8 @@ export function weierstrassPoints<T>(opts: CurvePointsType<T>) {
 
     /**
      * Efficiently calculate `aP + bQ`. Unsafe, can expose private key, if used incorrectly.
+     * Not using Strauss-Shamir trick: precomputation tables are faster.
+     * The trick could be useful if both P and Q are not G (not in our case).
      * @returns non-zero affine point
      */
     multiplyAndAddUnsafe(Q: Point, a: bigint, b: bigint): Point | undefined {
@@ -556,7 +600,7 @@ export function weierstrassPoints<T>(opts: CurvePointsType<T>) {
 
     toRawBytes(isCompressed = true): Uint8Array {
       this.assertValidity();
-      return CURVE.toBytes(Point, this, isCompressed);
+      return toBytes(Point, this, isCompressed);
     }
 
     toHex(isCompressed = true): string {
@@ -565,10 +609,11 @@ export function weierstrassPoints<T>(opts: CurvePointsType<T>) {
   }
   const _bits = CURVE.nBitLength;
   const wnaf = wNAF(Point, CURVE.endo ? Math.ceil(_bits / 2) : _bits);
-
+  // Validate if generator point is on curve
   return {
+    CURVE,
     ProjectivePoint: Point as ProjConstructor<T>,
-    normalizePrivateKey,
+    normPrivateKeyToScalar,
     weierstrassEquation,
     isWithinCurveOrder,
   };
@@ -580,7 +625,7 @@ export interface SignatureType {
   readonly s: bigint;
   readonly recovery?: number;
   assertValidity(): void;
-  addRecoveryBit(recovery: number): SignatureType;
+  addRecoveryBit(recovery: number): RecoveredSignatureType;
   hasHighS(): boolean;
   normalizeS(): SignatureType;
   recoverPublicKey(msgHash: Hex): ProjPointType<bigint>;
@@ -590,6 +635,9 @@ export interface SignatureType {
   toDERRawBytes(isCompressed?: boolean): Uint8Array;
   toDERHex(isCompressed?: boolean): string;
 }
+export type RecoveredSignatureType = SignatureType & {
+  readonly recovery: number;
+};
 // Static methods
 export type SignatureConstructor = {
   new (r: bigint, s: bigint): SignatureType;
@@ -631,75 +679,21 @@ export type CurveFn = {
   CURVE: ReturnType<typeof validateOpts>;
   getPublicKey: (privateKey: PrivKey, isCompressed?: boolean) => Uint8Array;
   getSharedSecret: (privateA: PrivKey, publicB: Hex, isCompressed?: boolean) => Uint8Array;
-  sign: (msgHash: Hex, privKey: PrivKey, opts?: SignOpts) => SignatureType;
+  sign: (msgHash: Hex, privKey: PrivKey, opts?: SignOpts) => RecoveredSignatureType;
   verify: (signature: Hex | SignatureLike, msgHash: Hex, publicKey: Hex, opts?: VerOpts) => boolean;
   ProjectivePoint: ProjConstructor<bigint>;
   Signature: SignatureConstructor;
   utils: {
-    _normalizePrivateKey: (key: PrivKey) => bigint;
+    normPrivateKeyToScalar: (key: PrivKey) => bigint;
     isValidPrivateKey(privateKey: PrivKey): boolean;
-    hashToPrivateKey: (hash: Hex) => Uint8Array;
     randomPrivateKey: () => Uint8Array;
+    precompute: (windowSize?: number, point?: ProjPointType<bigint>) => ProjPointType<bigint>;
   };
 };
 
-const u8n = (data?: any) => new Uint8Array(data); // creates Uint8Array
-const u8fr = (arr: any) => Uint8Array.from(arr); // another shortcut
-// Minimal HMAC-DRBG from NIST 800-90 for RFC6979 sigs.
-type Pred<T> = (v: Uint8Array) => T | undefined;
-function hmacDrbg<T>(
-  hashLen: number,
-  qByteLen: number,
-  hmacFn: HmacFnSync
-): (seed: Uint8Array, predicate: Pred<T>) => T {
-  if (typeof hashLen !== 'number' || hashLen < 2) throw new Error('hashLen must be a number');
-  if (typeof qByteLen !== 'number' || qByteLen < 2) throw new Error('qByteLen must be a number');
-  if (typeof hmacFn !== 'function') throw new Error('hmacFn must be a function');
-  // Step B, Step C: set hashLen to 8*ceil(hlen/8)
-  let v = u8n(hashLen); // Minimal non-full-spec HMAC-DRBG from NIST 800-90 for RFC6979 sigs.
-  let k = u8n(hashLen); // Steps B and C of RFC6979 3.2: set hashLen, in our case always same
-  let i = 0; // Iterations counter, will throw when over 1000
-  const reset = () => {
-    v.fill(1);
-    k.fill(0);
-    i = 0;
-  };
-  const h = (...b: Uint8Array[]) => hmacFn(k, v, ...b); // hmac(k)(v, ...values)
-  const reseed = (seed = u8n()) => {
-    // HMAC-DRBG reseed() function. Steps D-G
-    k = h(u8fr([0x00]), seed); // k = hmac(k || v || 0x00 || seed)
-    v = h(); // v = hmac(k || v)
-    if (seed.length === 0) return;
-    k = h(u8fr([0x01]), seed); // k = hmac(k || v || 0x01 || seed)
-    v = h(); // v = hmac(k || v)
-  };
-  const gen = () => {
-    // HMAC-DRBG generate() function
-    if (i++ >= 1000) throw new Error('drbg: tried 1000 values');
-    let len = 0;
-    const out: Uint8Array[] = [];
-    while (len < qByteLen) {
-      v = h();
-      const sl = v.slice();
-      out.push(sl);
-      len += v.length;
-    }
-    return ut.concatBytes(...out);
-  };
-  const genUntil = (seed: Uint8Array, pred: Pred<T>): T => {
-    reset();
-    reseed(seed); // Steps D-G
-    let res: T | undefined = undefined; // Step H: grind until k is in [1..n-1]
-    while (!(res = pred(gen()))) reseed();
-    reset();
-    return res;
-  };
-  return genUntil;
-}
 export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
   const CURVE = validateOpts(curveDef) as ReturnType<typeof validateOpts>;
-  const CURVE_ORDER = CURVE.n;
+  const { Fp, n: CURVE_ORDER } = CURVE;
-  const Fp = CURVE.Fp;
   const compressedLen = Fp.BYTES + 1; // e.g. 33 for 32
   const uncompressedLen = 2 * Fp.BYTES + 1; // e.g. 65 for 32
 
@@ -715,17 +709,16 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
 
   const {
     ProjectivePoint: Point,
-    normalizePrivateKey,
+    normPrivateKeyToScalar,
     weierstrassEquation,
     isWithinCurveOrder,
   } = weierstrassPoints({
     ...CURVE,
-    toBytes(c, point, isCompressed: boolean): Uint8Array {
+    toBytes(_c, point, isCompressed: boolean): Uint8Array {
       const a = point.toAffine();
       const x = Fp.toBytes(a.x);
       const cat = ut.concatBytes;
       if (isCompressed) {
-        // TODO: hasEvenY
         return cat(Uint8Array.from([point.hasEvenY() ? 0x02 : 0x03]), x);
       } else {
         return cat(Uint8Array.from([0x04]), x, Fp.toBytes(a.y));
@@ -740,7 +733,13 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
         const x = ut.bytesToNumberBE(tail);
         if (!isValidFieldElement(x)) throw new Error('Point is not on curve');
         const y2 = weierstrassEquation(x); // y² = x³ + ax + b
-        let y = Fp.sqrt(y2); // y = y² ^ (p+1)/4
+        let y: bigint;
+        try {
+          y = Fp.sqrt(y2); // y = y² ^ (p+1)/4
+        } catch (sqrtError) {
+          const suffix = sqrtError instanceof Error ? ': ' + sqrtError.message : '';
+          throw new Error('Point is not on curve' + suffix);
+        }
         const isYOdd = (y & _1n) === _1n;
         // ECDSA
         const isHeadOdd = (head & 1) === 1;
@@ -775,42 +774,43 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
    * ECDSA signature with its (r, s) properties. Supports DER & compact representations.
    */
   class Signature implements SignatureType {
-    constructor(readonly r: bigint, readonly s: bigint, readonly recovery?: number) {
+    constructor(
+      readonly r: bigint,
+      readonly s: bigint,
+      readonly recovery?: number
+    ) {
       this.assertValidity();
     }
 
     // pair (bytes of r, bytes of s)
     static fromCompact(hex: Hex) {
-      const gl = CURVE.nByteLength;
+      const l = CURVE.nByteLength;
-      hex = ensureBytes(hex, gl * 2);
+      hex = ensureBytes('compactSignature', hex, l * 2);
-      return new Signature(slcNum(hex, 0, gl), slcNum(hex, gl, 2 * gl));
+      return new Signature(slcNum(hex, 0, l), slcNum(hex, l, 2 * l));
     }
 
     // DER encoded ECDSA signature
     // https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/57644/what-are-the-parts-of-a-bitcoin-transaction-input-script
     static fromDER(hex: Hex) {
-      if (typeof hex !== 'string' && !(hex instanceof Uint8Array))
+      const { r, s } = DER.toSig(ensureBytes('DER', hex));
-        throw new Error(`Signature.fromDER: Expected string or Uint8Array`);
-      const { r, s } = DER.toSig(ensureBytes(hex));
       return new Signature(r, s);
     }
 
     assertValidity(): void {
       // can use assertGE here
-      if (!isWithinCurveOrder(this.r)) throw new Error('r must be 0 < r < n');
+      if (!isWithinCurveOrder(this.r)) throw new Error('r must be 0 < r < CURVE.n');
-      if (!isWithinCurveOrder(this.s)) throw new Error('s must be 0 < s < n');
+      if (!isWithinCurveOrder(this.s)) throw new Error('s must be 0 < s < CURVE.n');
     }
 
-    addRecoveryBit(recovery: number) {
+    addRecoveryBit(recovery: number): RecoveredSignature {
-      return new Signature(this.r, this.s, recovery);
+      return new Signature(this.r, this.s, recovery) as RecoveredSignature;
     }
 
     recoverPublicKey(msgHash: Hex): typeof Point.BASE {
-      const { n: N } = CURVE; // ECDSA public key recovery secg.org/sec1-v2.pdf 4.1.6
       const { r, s, recovery: rec } = this;
-      const h = bits2int_modN(ensureBytes(msgHash)); // Truncate hash
+      const h = bits2int_modN(ensureBytes('msgHash', msgHash)); // Truncate hash
       if (rec == null || ![0, 1, 2, 3].includes(rec)) throw new Error('recovery id invalid');
-      const radj = rec === 2 || rec === 3 ? r + N : r;
+      const radj = rec === 2 || rec === 3 ? r + CURVE.n : r;
       if (radj >= Fp.ORDER) throw new Error('recovery id 2 or 3 invalid');
       const prefix = (rec & 1) === 0 ? '02' : '03';
       const R = Point.fromHex(prefix + numToNByteStr(radj));
@@ -848,41 +848,39 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
       return numToNByteStr(this.r) + numToNByteStr(this.s);
     }
   }
+  type RecoveredSignature = Signature & { recovery: number };
 
   const utils = {
     isValidPrivateKey(privateKey: PrivKey) {
       try {
-        normalizePrivateKey(privateKey);
+        normPrivateKeyToScalar(privateKey);
         return true;
       } catch (error) {
         return false;
       }
     },
-    _normalizePrivateKey: normalizePrivateKey,
+    normPrivateKeyToScalar: normPrivateKeyToScalar,
 
     /**
-     * Converts some bytes to a valid private key. Needs at least (nBitLength+64) bytes.
+     * Produces cryptographically secure private key from random of size
+     * (groupLen + ceil(groupLen / 2)) with modulo bias being negligible.
      */
-    hashToPrivateKey: (hash: Hex): Uint8Array =>
+    randomPrivateKey: (): Uint8Array => {
-      ut.numberToBytesBE(mod.hashToPrivateScalar(hash, CURVE_ORDER), CURVE.nByteLength),
+      const length = mod.getMinHashLength(CURVE.n);
+      return mod.mapHashToField(CURVE.randomBytes(length), CURVE.n);
+    },
 
     /**
-     * Produces cryptographically secure private key from random of size (nBitLength+64)
+     * Creates precompute table for an arbitrary EC point. Makes point "cached".
-     * as per FIPS 186 B.4.1 with modulo bias being neglible.
+     * Allows to massively speed-up `point.multiply(scalar)`.
-     */
-    randomPrivateKey: (): Uint8Array => utils.hashToPrivateKey(CURVE.randomBytes(Fp.BYTES + 8)),
-
-    /**
-     * 1. Returns cached point which you can use to pass to `getSharedSecret` or `#multiply` by it.
-     * 2. Precomputes point multiplication table. Is done by default on first `getPublicKey()` call.
-     * If you want your first getPublicKey to take 0.16ms instead of 20ms, make sure to call
-     * utils.precompute() somewhere without arguments first.
-     * @param windowSize 2, 4, 8, 16
      * @returns cached point
+     * @example
+     * const fast = utils.precompute(8, ProjectivePoint.fromHex(someonesPubKey));
+     * fast.multiply(privKey); // much faster ECDH now
      */
     precompute(windowSize = 8, point = Point.BASE): typeof Point.BASE {
       point._setWindowSize(windowSize);
-      point.multiply(BigInt(3));
+      point.multiply(BigInt(3)); // 3 is arbitrary, just need any number here
       return point;
     },
   };
@@ -901,7 +899,7 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
    * Quick and dirty check for item being public key. Does not validate hex, or being on-curve.
    */
   function isProbPub(item: PrivKey | PubKey): boolean {
-    const arr = item instanceof Uint8Array;
+    const arr = ut.isBytes(item);
     const str = typeof item === 'string';
     const len = (arr || str) && (item as Hex).length;
     if (arr) return len === compressedLen || len === uncompressedLen;
@@ -913,7 +911,8 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
   /**
    * ECDH (Elliptic Curve Diffie Hellman).
    * Computes shared public key from private key and public key.
-   * Checks: 1) private key validity 2) shared key is on-curve
+   * Checks: 1) private key validity 2) shared key is on-curve.
+   * Does NOT hash the result.
    * @param privateA private key
    * @param publicB different public key
    * @param isCompressed whether to return compact (default), or full key
@@ -923,7 +922,7 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
     if (isProbPub(privateA)) throw new Error('first arg must be private key');
     if (!isProbPub(publicB)) throw new Error('second arg must be public key');
     const b = Point.fromHex(publicB); // check for being on-curve
-    return b.multiply(normalizePrivateKey(privateA)).toRawBytes(isCompressed);
+    return b.multiply(normPrivateKeyToScalar(privateA)).toRawBytes(isCompressed);
   }
 
   // RFC6979: ensure ECDSA msg is X bytes and < N. RFC suggests optional truncating via bits2octets.
@@ -935,8 +934,8 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
     function (bytes: Uint8Array): bigint {
       // For curves with nBitLength % 8 !== 0: bits2octets(bits2octets(m)) !== bits2octets(m)
       // for some cases, since bytes.length * 8 is not actual bitLength.
-      const delta = bytes.length * 8 - CURVE.nBitLength; // truncate to nBitLength leftmost bits
       const num = ut.bytesToNumberBE(bytes); // check for == u8 done here
+      const delta = bytes.length * 8 - CURVE.nBitLength; // truncate to nBitLength leftmost bits
       return delta > 0 ? num >> BigInt(delta) : num;
     };
   const bits2int_modN =
@@ -946,10 +945,12 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
     };
   // NOTE: pads output with zero as per spec
   const ORDER_MASK = ut.bitMask(CURVE.nBitLength);
+  /**
+   * Converts to bytes. Checks if num in `[0..ORDER_MASK-1]` e.g.: `[0..2^256-1]`.
+   */
   function int2octets(num: bigint): Uint8Array {
     if (typeof num !== 'bigint') throw new Error('bigint expected');
     if (!(_0n <= num && num < ORDER_MASK))
-      // n in [0..ORDER_MASK-1]
       throw new Error(`bigint expected < 2^${CURVE.nBitLength}`);
     // works with order, can have different size than numToField!
     return ut.numberToBytesBE(num, CURVE.nByteLength);
@@ -961,31 +962,30 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
   // NOTE: we cannot assume here that msgHash has same amount of bytes as curve order, this will be wrong at least for P521.
   // Also it can be bigger for P224 + SHA256
   function prepSig(msgHash: Hex, privateKey: PrivKey, opts = defaultSigOpts) {
-    const { hash, randomBytes } = CURVE;
-    if (msgHash == null) throw new Error(`sign: expected valid message hash, not "${msgHash}"`);
     if (['recovered', 'canonical'].some((k) => k in opts))
-      // Ban legacy options
       throw new Error('sign() legacy options not supported');
+    const { hash, randomBytes } = CURVE;
     let { lowS, prehash, extraEntropy: ent } = opts; // generates low-s sigs by default
-    if (prehash) msgHash = hash(ensureBytes(msgHash));
     if (lowS == null) lowS = true; // RFC6979 3.2: we skip step A, because we already provide hash
+    msgHash = ensureBytes('msgHash', msgHash);
+    if (prehash) msgHash = ensureBytes('prehashed msgHash', hash(msgHash));
 
     // We can't later call bits2octets, since nested bits2int is broken for curves
     // with nBitLength % 8 !== 0. Because of that, we unwrap it here as int2octets call.
     // const bits2octets = (bits) => int2octets(bits2int_modN(bits))
-    const h1int = bits2int_modN(ensureBytes(msgHash));
+    const h1int = bits2int_modN(msgHash);
-    const d = normalizePrivateKey(privateKey); // validate private key, convert to bigint
+    const d = normPrivateKeyToScalar(privateKey); // validate private key, convert to bigint
     const seedArgs = [int2octets(d), int2octets(h1int)];
     // extraEntropy. RFC6979 3.6: additional k' (optional).
-    if (ent != null) {
+    if (ent != null && ent !== false) {
       // K = HMAC_K(V || 0x00 || int2octets(x) || bits2octets(h1) || k')
-      // Either pass as-is, or generate random bytes. Then validate for being ui8a of size BYTES
+      const e = ent === true ? randomBytes(Fp.BYTES) : ent; // generate random bytes OR pass as-is
-      seedArgs.push(ensureBytes(ent === true ? randomBytes(Fp.BYTES) : ent, Fp.BYTES));
+      seedArgs.push(ensureBytes('extraEntropy', e)); // check for being bytes
     }
     const seed = ut.concatBytes(...seedArgs); // Step D of RFC6979 3.2
     const m = h1int; // NOTE: no need to call bits2int second time here, it is inside truncateHash!
     // Converts signature params into point w r/s, checks result for validity.
-    function k2sig(kBytes: Uint8Array): Signature | undefined {
+    function k2sig(kBytes: Uint8Array): RecoveredSignature | undefined {
       // RFC 6979 Section 3.2, step 3: k = bits2int(T)
       const k = bits2int(kBytes); // Cannot use fields methods, since it is group element
       if (!isWithinCurveOrder(k)) return; // Important: all mod() calls here must be done over N
@@ -993,7 +993,10 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
       const q = Point.BASE.multiply(k).toAffine(); // q = Gk
       const r = modN(q.x); // r = q.x mod n
       if (r === _0n) return;
-      const s = modN(ik * modN(m + modN(d * r))); // s = k^-1(m + rd) mod n
+      // Can use scalar blinding b^-1(bm + bdr) where b ∈ [1,q−1] according to
+      // https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/view/7337/6509. We've decided against it:
+      // a) dependency on CSPRNG b) 15% slowdown c) doesn't really help since bigints are not CT
+      const s = modN(ik * modN(m + r * d)); // Not using blinding here
       if (s === _0n) return;
       let recovery = (q.x === r ? 0 : 2) | Number(q.y & _1n); // recovery bit (2 or 3, when q.x > n)
       let normS = s;
@@ -1001,7 +1004,7 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
         normS = normalizeS(s); // if lowS was passed, ensure s is always
         recovery ^= 1; // // in the bottom half of N
       }
-      return new Signature(r, normS, recovery); // use normS, not s
+      return new Signature(r, normS, recovery) as RecoveredSignature; // use normS, not s
     }
     return { seed, k2sig };
   }
@@ -1009,19 +1012,23 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
   const defaultVerOpts: VerOpts = { lowS: CURVE.lowS, prehash: false };
 
   /**
-   * Signs message hash (not message: you need to hash it by yourself).
+   * Signs message hash with a private key.
    * ```
    * sign(m, d, k) where
    *   (x, y) = G × k
    *   r = x mod n
    *   s = (m + dr)/k mod n
    * ```
-   * @param opts `lowS, extraEntropy, prehash`
+   * @param msgHash NOT message. msg needs to be hashed to `msgHash`, or use `prehash`.
+   * @param privKey private key
+   * @param opts lowS for non-malleable sigs. extraEntropy for mixing randomness into k. prehash will hash first arg.
+   * @returns signature with recovery param
    */
-  function sign(msgHash: Hex, privKey: PrivKey, opts = defaultSigOpts): Signature {
+  function sign(msgHash: Hex, privKey: PrivKey, opts = defaultSigOpts): RecoveredSignature {
     const { seed, k2sig } = prepSig(msgHash, privKey, opts); // Steps A, D of RFC6979 3.2.
-    const genUntil = hmacDrbg<Signature>(CURVE.hash.outputLen, CURVE.nByteLength, CURVE.hmac);
+    const C = CURVE;
-    return genUntil(seed, k2sig); // Steps B, C, D, E, F, G
+    const drbg = ut.createHmacDrbg<RecoveredSignature>(C.hash.outputLen, C.nByteLength, C.hmac);
+    return drbg(seed, k2sig); // Steps B, C, D, E, F, G
   }
 
   // Enable precomputes. Slows down first publicKey computation by 20ms.
@@ -1047,30 +1054,38 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
     publicKey: Hex,
     opts = defaultVerOpts
   ): boolean {
-    let P: ProjPointType<bigint>;
+    const sg = signature;
+    msgHash = ensureBytes('msgHash', msgHash);
+    publicKey = ensureBytes('publicKey', publicKey);
+    if ('strict' in opts) throw new Error('options.strict was renamed to lowS');
+    const { lowS, prehash } = opts;
+
     let _sig: Signature | undefined = undefined;
-    if (publicKey instanceof Point) throw new Error('publicKey must be hex');
+    let P: ProjPointType<bigint>;
     try {
-      if (signature && typeof signature === 'object' && !(signature instanceof Uint8Array)) {
+      if (typeof sg === 'string' || ut.isBytes(sg)) {
-        const { r, s } = signature;
-        _sig = new Signature(r, s); // assertValidity() is executed on creation
-      } else {
         // Signature can be represented in 2 ways: compact (2*nByteLength) & DER (variable-length).
         // Since DER can also be 2*nByteLength bytes, we check for it first.
         try {
-          _sig = Signature.fromDER(signature as Hex);
+          _sig = Signature.fromDER(sg);
         } catch (derError) {
           if (!(derError instanceof DER.Err)) throw derError;
-          _sig = Signature.fromCompact(signature as Hex);
+          _sig = Signature.fromCompact(sg);
         }
+      } else if (typeof sg === 'object' && typeof sg.r === 'bigint' && typeof sg.s === 'bigint') {
+        const { r, s } = sg;
+        _sig = new Signature(r, s);
+      } else {
+        throw new Error('PARSE');
       }
-      msgHash = ensureBytes(msgHash);
       P = Point.fromHex(publicKey);
     } catch (error) {
+      if ((error as Error).message === 'PARSE')
+        throw new Error(`signature must be Signature instance, Uint8Array or hex string`);
       return false;
     }
-    if (opts.lowS && _sig.hasHighS()) return false;
+    if (lowS && _sig.hasHighS()) return false;
-    if (opts.prehash) msgHash = CURVE.hash(msgHash);
+    if (prehash) msgHash = CURVE.hash(msgHash);
     const { r, s } = _sig;
     const h = bits2int_modN(msgHash); // Cannot use fields methods, since it is group element
     const is = invN(s); // s^-1
@@ -1093,23 +1108,31 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
   };
 }
 
-// Implementation of the Shallue and van de Woestijne method for any Weierstrass curve
+/**
-
+ * Implementation of the Shallue and van de Woestijne method for any weierstrass curve.
-// TODO: check if there is a way to merge this with uvRatio in Edwards && move to modular?
+ * TODO: check if there is a way to merge this with uvRatio in Edwards; move to modular.
-// b = True and y = sqrt(u / v) if (u / v) is square in F, and
+ * b = True and y = sqrt(u / v) if (u / v) is square in F, and
-// b = False and y = sqrt(Z * (u / v)) otherwise.
+ * b = False and y = sqrt(Z * (u / v)) otherwise.
-export function SWUFpSqrtRatio<T>(Fp: mod.Field<T>, Z: T) {
+ * @param Fp
+ * @param Z
+ * @returns
+ */
+export function SWUFpSqrtRatio<T>(Fp: mod.IField<T>, Z: T) {
   // Generic implementation
   const q = Fp.ORDER;
-  let l = 0n;
+  let l = _0n;
-  for (let o = q - 1n; o % 2n === 0n; o /= 2n) l += 1n;
+  for (let o = q - _1n; o % _2n === _0n; o /= _2n) l += _1n;
   const c1 = l; // 1. c1, the largest integer such that 2^c1 divides q - 1.
-  const c2 = (q - 1n) / 2n ** c1; // 2. c2 = (q - 1) / (2^c1)        # Integer arithmetic
+  // We need 2n ** c1 and 2n ** (c1-1). We can't use **; but we can use <<.
-  const c3 = (c2 - 1n) / 2n; // 3. c3 = (c2 - 1) / 2            # Integer arithmetic
+  // 2n ** c1 == 2n << (c1-1)
-  const c4 = 2n ** c1 - 1n; // 4. c4 = 2^c1 - 1                # Integer arithmetic
+  const _2n_pow_c1_1 = _2n << (c1 - _1n - _1n);
-  const c5 = 2n ** (c1 - 1n); // 5. c5 = 2^(c1 - 1)              # Integer arithmetic
+  const _2n_pow_c1 = _2n_pow_c1_1 * _2n;
+  const c2 = (q - _1n) / _2n_pow_c1; // 2. c2 = (q - 1) / (2^c1)  # Integer arithmetic
+  const c3 = (c2 - _1n) / _2n; // 3. c3 = (c2 - 1) / 2            # Integer arithmetic
+  const c4 = _2n_pow_c1 - _1n; // 4. c4 = 2^c1 - 1                # Integer arithmetic
+  const c5 = _2n_pow_c1_1; // 5. c5 = 2^(c1 - 1)                  # Integer arithmetic
   const c6 = Fp.pow(Z, c2); // 6. c6 = Z^c2
-  const c7 = Fp.pow(Z, (c2 + 1n) / 2n); // 7. c7 = Z^((c2 + 1) / 2)
+  const c7 = Fp.pow(Z, (c2 + _1n) / _2n); // 7. c7 = Z^((c2 + 1) / 2)
   let sqrtRatio = (u: T, v: T): { isValid: boolean; value: T } => {
     let tv1 = c6; // 1. tv1 = c6
     let tv2 = Fp.pow(v, c4); // 2. tv2 = v^c4
@@ -1128,8 +1151,9 @@ export function SWUFpSqrtRatio<T>(Fp: mod.Field<T>, Z: T) {
     tv3 = Fp.cmov(tv2, tv3, isQR); // 15. tv3 = CMOV(tv2, tv3, isQR)
     tv4 = Fp.cmov(tv5, tv4, isQR); // 16. tv4 = CMOV(tv5, tv4, isQR)
     // 17. for i in (c1, c1 - 1, ..., 2):
-    for (let i = c1; i > 1; i--) {
+    for (let i = c1; i > _1n; i--) {
-      let tv5 = 2n ** (i - 2n); // 18.    tv5 = i - 2;    19.    tv5 = 2^tv5
+      let tv5 = i - _2n; // 18.    tv5 = i - 2
+      tv5 = _2n << (tv5 - _1n); // 19.    tv5 = 2^tv5
       let tvv5 = Fp.pow(tv4, tv5); // 20.    tv5 = tv4^tv5
       const e1 = Fp.eql(tvv5, Fp.ONE); // 21.    e1 = tv5 == 1
       tv2 = Fp.mul(tv3, tv1); // 22.    tv2 = tv3 * tv1
@@ -1140,9 +1164,9 @@ export function SWUFpSqrtRatio<T>(Fp: mod.Field<T>, Z: T) {
     }
     return { isValid: isQR, value: tv3 };
   };
-  if (Fp.ORDER % 4n === 3n) {
+  if (Fp.ORDER % _4n === _3n) {
     // sqrt_ratio_3mod4(u, v)
-    const c1 = (Fp.ORDER - 3n) / 4n; // 1. c1 = (q - 3) / 4     # Integer arithmetic
+    const c1 = (Fp.ORDER - _3n) / _4n; // 1. c1 = (q - 3) / 4     # Integer arithmetic
     const c2 = Fp.sqrt(Fp.neg(Z)); // 2. c2 = sqrt(-Z)
     sqrtRatio = (u: T, v: T) => {
       let tv1 = Fp.sqr(v); // 1. tv1 = v^2
@@ -1158,12 +1182,15 @@ export function SWUFpSqrtRatio<T>(Fp: mod.Field<T>, Z: T) {
     };
   }
   // No curves uses that
-  // if (Fp.ORDER % 8n === 5n) // sqrt_ratio_5mod8
+  // if (Fp.ORDER % _8n === _5n) // sqrt_ratio_5mod8
   return sqrtRatio;
 }
-// From draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve-16
+/**
+ * Simplified Shallue-van de Woestijne-Ulas Method
+ * https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#section-6.6.2
+ */
 export function mapToCurveSimpleSWU<T>(
-  Fp: mod.Field<T>,
+  Fp: mod.IField<T>,
   opts: {
     A: T;
     B: T;

src/bls12-381.ts

@@ -1,16 +1,35 @@
 /*! noble-curves - MIT License (c) 2022 Paul Miller (paulmillr.com) */
 
-// The pairing-friendly Barreto-Lynn-Scott elliptic curve construction allows to:
+// bls12-381 is pairing-friendly Barreto-Lynn-Scott elliptic curve construction allowing to:
-// - Construct zk-SNARKs at the 128-bit security
+// - Construct zk-SNARKs at the 120-bit security
-// - Use threshold signatures, which allows a user to sign lots of messages with one signature and verify them swiftly in a batch, using Boneh-Lynn-Shacham signature scheme.
+// - Efficiently verify N aggregate signatures with 1 pairing and N ec additions:
-// Differences from @noble/bls12-381 1.4:
+//   the Boneh-Lynn-Shacham signature scheme is orders of magnitude more efficient than Schnorr
-// - PointG1 -> G1.Point
+//
-// - PointG2 -> G2.Point
+// ### Summary
-// - PointG2.fromSignature -> Signature.decode
+// 1. BLS Relies on Bilinear Pairing (expensive)
-// - PointG2.toSignature ->  Signature.encode
+// 2. Private Keys: 32 bytes
-// - Fixed Fp2 ORDER
+// 3. Public Keys: 48 bytes: 381 bit affine x coordinate, encoded into 48 big-endian bytes.
-// - Points now have only two coordinates
+// 4. Signatures: 96 bytes: two 381 bit integers (affine x coordinate), encoded into two 48 big-endian byte arrays.
-
+//     - The signature is a point on the G2 subgroup, which is defined over a finite field
+//     with elements twice as big as the G1 curve (G2 is over Fp2 rather than Fp. Fp2 is analogous to the complex numbers).
+// 5. The 12 stands for the Embedding degree.
+//
+// ### Formulas
+// - `P = pk x G` - public keys
+// - `S = pk x H(m)` - signing
+// - `e(P, H(m)) == e(G, S)` - verification using pairings
+// - `e(G, S) = e(G, SUM(n)(Si)) = MUL(n)(e(G, Si))` - signature aggregation
+//
+// ### Compatibility and notes
+// 1. It is compatible with Algorand, Chia, Dfinity, Ethereum, Filecoin, ZEC
+//    Filecoin uses little endian byte arrays for private keys - make sure to reverse byte order.
+// 2. Some projects use G2 for public keys and G1 for signatures. It's called "short signature"
+// 3. Curve security level is about 120 bits as per Barbulescu-Duquesne 2017
+//    https://hal.science/hal-01534101/file/main.pdf
+// 4. Compatible with specs:
+// [cfrg-pairing-friendly-curves-11](https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-pairing-friendly-curves-11),
+// [cfrg-bls-signature-05](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-bls-signature-05),
+// [RFC 9380](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380).
 import { sha256 } from '@noble/hashes/sha256';
 import { randomBytes } from '@noble/hashes/utils';
 import { bls, CurveFn } from './abstract/bls.js';
@@ -21,10 +40,10 @@ import {
   numberToBytesBE,
   bytesToNumberBE,
   bitLen,
-  bitSet,
   bitGet,
   Hex,
   bitMask,
+  bytesToHex,
 } from './abstract/utils.js';
 // Types
 import {
@@ -35,16 +54,22 @@ import {
 } from './abstract/weierstrass.js';
 import { isogenyMap } from './abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
 
+// Be friendly to bad ECMAScript parsers by not using bigint literals
+// prettier-ignore
+const _0n = BigInt(0), _1n = BigInt(1), _2n = BigInt(2), _3n = BigInt(3), _4n = BigInt(4);
+// prettier-ignore
+const _8n = BigInt(8), _16n = BigInt(16);
+
 // CURVE FIELDS
 // Finite field over p.
-const Fp =
+const Fp_raw = BigInt(
-  mod.Fp(
+  '0x1a0111ea397fe69a4b1ba7b6434bacd764774b84f38512bf6730d2a0f6b0f6241eabfffeb153ffffb9feffffffffaaab'
-    0x1a0111ea397fe69a4b1ba7b6434bacd764774b84f38512bf6730d2a0f6b0f6241eabfffeb153ffffb9feffffffffaaabn
+);
-  );
+const Fp = mod.Field(Fp_raw);
 type Fp = bigint;
 // Finite field over r.
 // This particular field is not used anywhere in bls12-381, but it is still useful.
-const Fr = mod.Fp(0x73eda753299d7d483339d80809a1d80553bda402fffe5bfeffffffff00000001n);
+const Fr = mod.Field(BigInt('0x73eda753299d7d483339d80809a1d80553bda402fffe5bfeffffffff00000001'));
 
 // Fp₂ over complex plane
 type BigintTuple = [bigint, bigint];
@@ -86,11 +111,9 @@ type Fp2Utils = {
 // G² - 1
 // h2q
 // NOTE: ORDER was wrong!
-const FP2_ORDER =
+const FP2_ORDER = Fp_raw * Fp_raw;
-  0x1a0111ea397fe69a4b1ba7b6434bacd764774b84f38512bf6730d2a0f6b0f6241eabfffeb153ffffb9feffffffffaaabn **
-  2n;
 
-const Fp2: mod.Field<Fp2> & Fp2Utils = {
+const Fp2: mod.IField<Fp2> & Fp2Utils = {
   ORDER: FP2_ORDER,
   BITS: bitLen(FP2_ORDER),
   BYTES: Math.ceil(bitLen(FP2_ORDER) / 8),
@@ -141,7 +164,7 @@ const Fp2: mod.Field<Fp2> & Fp2Utils = {
     // https://github.com/zkcrypto/bls12_381/blob/080eaa74ec0e394377caa1ba302c8c121df08b07/src/fp2.rs#L250
     // https://github.com/supranational/blst/blob/aae0c7d70b799ac269ff5edf29d8191dbd357876/src/exp2.c#L1
     // Inspired by https://github.com/dalek-cryptography/curve25519-dalek/blob/17698df9d4c834204f83a3574143abacb4fc81a5/src/field.rs#L99
-    const candidateSqrt = Fp2.pow(num, (Fp2.ORDER + 8n) / 16n);
+    const candidateSqrt = Fp2.pow(num, (Fp2.ORDER + _8n) / _16n);
     const check = Fp2.div(Fp2.sqr(candidateSqrt), num); // candidateSqrt.square().div(this);
     const R = FP2_ROOTS_OF_UNITY;
     const divisor = [R[0], R[2], R[4], R[6]].find((r) => Fp2.eql(r, check));
@@ -156,13 +179,13 @@ const Fp2: mod.Field<Fp2> & Fp2Utils = {
     if (im1 > im2 || (im1 === im2 && re1 > re2)) return x1;
     return x2;
   },
-  // Same as sgn0_fp2 in draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve-16
+  // Same as sgn0_m_eq_2 in RFC 9380
   isOdd: (x: Fp2) => {
     const { re: x0, im: x1 } = Fp2.reim(x);
-    const sign_0 = x0 % 2n;
+    const sign_0 = x0 % _2n;
-    const zero_0 = x0 === 0n;
+    const zero_0 = x0 === _0n;
-    const sign_1 = x1 % 2n;
+    const sign_1 = x1 % _2n;
-    return BigInt(sign_0 || (zero_0 && sign_1)) == 1n;
+    return BigInt(sign_0 || (zero_0 && sign_1)) == _1n;
   },
   // Bytes util
   fromBytes(b: Uint8Array): Fp2 {
@@ -182,8 +205,8 @@ const Fp2: mod.Field<Fp2> & Fp2Utils = {
   // multiply by u + 1
   mulByNonresidue: ({ c0, c1 }) => ({ c0: Fp.sub(c0, c1), c1: Fp.add(c0, c1) }),
   multiplyByB: ({ c0, c1 }) => {
-    let t0 = Fp.mul(c0, 4n); // 4 * c0
+    let t0 = Fp.mul(c0, _4n); // 4 * c0
-    let t1 = Fp.mul(c1, 4n); // 4 * c1
+    let t1 = Fp.mul(c1, _4n); // 4 * c1
     // (T0-T1) + (T0+T1)*i
     return { c0: Fp.sub(t0, t1), c1: Fp.add(t0, t1) };
   },
@@ -200,33 +223,36 @@ const Fp2: mod.Field<Fp2> & Fp2Utils = {
 // Finite extension field over irreducible polynominal.
 // Fp(u) / (u² - β) where β = -1
 const FP2_FROBENIUS_COEFFICIENTS = [
-  0x1n,
+  BigInt('0x1'),
-  0x1a0111ea397fe69a4b1ba7b6434bacd764774b84f38512bf6730d2a0f6b0f6241eabfffeb153ffffb9feffffffffaaaan,
+  BigInt(
+    '0x1a0111ea397fe69a4b1ba7b6434bacd764774b84f38512bf6730d2a0f6b0f6241eabfffeb153ffffb9feffffffffaaaa'
+  ),
 ].map((item) => Fp.create(item));
 
 // For Fp2 roots of unity.
-const rv1 =
+const rv1 = BigInt(
-  0x6af0e0437ff400b6831e36d6bd17ffe48395dabc2d3435e77f76e17009241c5ee67992f72ec05f4c81084fbede3cc09n;
+  '0x6af0e0437ff400b6831e36d6bd17ffe48395dabc2d3435e77f76e17009241c5ee67992f72ec05f4c81084fbede3cc09'
+);
 // const ev1 =
-//   0x699be3b8c6870965e5bf892ad5d2cc7b0e85a117402dfd83b7f4a947e02d978498255a2aaec0ac627b5afbdf1bf1c90n;
+//   BigInt('0x699be3b8c6870965e5bf892ad5d2cc7b0e85a117402dfd83b7f4a947e02d978498255a2aaec0ac627b5afbdf1bf1c90');
 // const ev2 =
-//   0x8157cd83046453f5dd0972b6e3949e4288020b5b8a9cc99ca07e27089a2ce2436d965026adad3ef7baba37f2183e9b5n;
+//   BigInt('0x8157cd83046453f5dd0972b6e3949e4288020b5b8a9cc99ca07e27089a2ce2436d965026adad3ef7baba37f2183e9b5');
 // const ev3 =
-//   0xab1c2ffdd6c253ca155231eb3e71ba044fd562f6f72bc5bad5ec46a0b7a3b0247cf08ce6c6317f40edbc653a72dee17n;
+//   BigInt('0xab1c2ffdd6c253ca155231eb3e71ba044fd562f6f72bc5bad5ec46a0b7a3b0247cf08ce6c6317f40edbc653a72dee17');
 // const ev4 =
-//   0xaa404866706722864480885d68ad0ccac1967c7544b447873cc37e0181271e006df72162a3d3e0287bf597fbf7f8fc1n;
+//   BigInt('0xaa404866706722864480885d68ad0ccac1967c7544b447873cc37e0181271e006df72162a3d3e0287bf597fbf7f8fc1');
 
 // Eighth roots of unity, used for computing square roots in Fp2.
 // To verify or re-calculate:
 // Array(8).fill(new Fp2([1n, 1n])).map((fp2, k) => fp2.pow(Fp2.ORDER * BigInt(k) / 8n))
 const FP2_ROOTS_OF_UNITY = [
-  [1n, 0n],
+  [_1n, _0n],
   [rv1, -rv1],
-  [0n, 1n],
+  [_0n, _1n],
   [rv1, rv1],
-  [-1n, 0n],
+  [-_1n, _0n],
   [-rv1, rv1],
-  [0n, -1n],
+  [_0n, -_1n],
   [-rv1, -rv1],
 ].map((pair) => Fp2.fromBigTuple(pair));
 // eta values, used for computing sqrt(g(X1(t)))
@@ -280,8 +306,8 @@ const Fp6Multiply = ({ c0, c1, c2 }: Fp6, rhs: Fp6 | bigint) => {
 };
 const Fp6Square = ({ c0, c1, c2 }: Fp6) => {
   let t0 = Fp2.sqr(c0); // c0²
-  let t1 = Fp2.mul(Fp2.mul(c0, c1), 2n); // 2 * c0 * c1
+  let t1 = Fp2.mul(Fp2.mul(c0, c1), _2n); // 2 * c0 * c1
-  let t3 = Fp2.mul(Fp2.mul(c1, c2), 2n); // 2 * c1 * c2
+  let t3 = Fp2.mul(Fp2.mul(c1, c2), _2n); // 2 * c1 * c2
   let t4 = Fp2.sqr(c2); // c2²
   return {
     c0: Fp2.add(Fp2.mulByNonresidue(t3), t0), // T3 * (u + 1) + T0
@@ -299,7 +325,7 @@ type Fp6Utils = {
   multiplyByFp2(lhs: Fp6, rhs: Fp2): Fp6;
 };
 
-const Fp6: mod.Field<Fp6> & Fp6Utils = {
+const Fp6: mod.IField<Fp6> & Fp6Utils = {
   ORDER: Fp2.ORDER, // TODO: unused, but need to verify
   BITS: 3 * Fp2.BITS,
   BYTES: 3 * Fp2.BYTES,
@@ -406,46 +432,64 @@ const Fp6: mod.Field<Fp6> & Fp6Utils = {
 };
 
 const FP6_FROBENIUS_COEFFICIENTS_1 = [
-  [0x1n, 0x0n],
+  [BigInt('0x1'), BigInt('0x0')],
   [
-    0x0n,
+    BigInt('0x0'),
-    0x1a0111ea397fe699ec02408663d4de85aa0d857d89759ad4897d29650fb85f9b409427eb4f49fffd8bfd00000000aaacn,
+    BigInt(
+      '0x1a0111ea397fe699ec02408663d4de85aa0d857d89759ad4897d29650fb85f9b409427eb4f49fffd8bfd00000000aaac'
+    ),
   ],
   [
-    0x00000000000000005f19672fdf76ce51ba69c6076a0f77eaddb3a93be6f89688de17d813620a00022e01fffffffefffen,
+    BigInt(
-    0x0n,
+      '0x00000000000000005f19672fdf76ce51ba69c6076a0f77eaddb3a93be6f89688de17d813620a00022e01fffffffefffe'
+    ),
+    BigInt('0x0'),
   ],
-  [0x0n, 0x1n],
+  [BigInt('0x0'), BigInt('0x1')],
   [
-    0x1a0111ea397fe699ec02408663d4de85aa0d857d89759ad4897d29650fb85f9b409427eb4f49fffd8bfd00000000aaacn,
+    BigInt(
-    0x0n,
+      '0x1a0111ea397fe699ec02408663d4de85aa0d857d89759ad4897d29650fb85f9b409427eb4f49fffd8bfd00000000aaac'
+    ),
+    BigInt('0x0'),
   ],
   [
-    0x0n,
+    BigInt('0x0'),
-    0x00000000000000005f19672fdf76ce51ba69c6076a0f77eaddb3a93be6f89688de17d813620a00022e01fffffffefffen,
+    BigInt(
+      '0x00000000000000005f19672fdf76ce51ba69c6076a0f77eaddb3a93be6f89688de17d813620a00022e01fffffffefffe'
+    ),
   ],
 ].map((pair) => Fp2.fromBigTuple(pair));
 const FP6_FROBENIUS_COEFFICIENTS_2 = [
-  [0x1n, 0x0n],
+  [BigInt('0x1'), BigInt('0x0')],
   [
-    0x1a0111ea397fe699ec02408663d4de85aa0d857d89759ad4897d29650fb85f9b409427eb4f49fffd8bfd00000000aaadn,
+    BigInt(
-    0x0n,
+      '0x1a0111ea397fe699ec02408663d4de85aa0d857d89759ad4897d29650fb85f9b409427eb4f49fffd8bfd00000000aaad'
+    ),
+    BigInt('0x0'),
   ],
   [
-    0x1a0111ea397fe699ec02408663d4de85aa0d857d89759ad4897d29650fb85f9b409427eb4f49fffd8bfd00000000aaacn,
+    BigInt(
-    0x0n,
+      '0x1a0111ea397fe699ec02408663d4de85aa0d857d89759ad4897d29650fb85f9b409427eb4f49fffd8bfd00000000aaac'
+    ),
+    BigInt('0x0'),
   ],
   [
-    0x1a0111ea397fe69a4b1ba7b6434bacd764774b84f38512bf6730d2a0f6b0f6241eabfffeb153ffffb9feffffffffaaaan,
+    BigInt(
-    0x0n,
+      '0x1a0111ea397fe69a4b1ba7b6434bacd764774b84f38512bf6730d2a0f6b0f6241eabfffeb153ffffb9feffffffffaaaa'
+    ),
+    BigInt('0x0'),
   ],
   [
-    0x00000000000000005f19672fdf76ce51ba69c6076a0f77eaddb3a93be6f89688de17d813620a00022e01fffffffefffen,
+    BigInt(
-    0x0n,
+      '0x00000000000000005f19672fdf76ce51ba69c6076a0f77eaddb3a93be6f89688de17d813620a00022e01fffffffefffe'
+    ),
+    BigInt('0x0'),
   ],
   [
-    0x00000000000000005f19672fdf76ce51ba69c6076a0f77eaddb3a93be6f89688de17d813620a00022e01fffffffeffffn,
+    BigInt(
-    0x0n,
+      '0x00000000000000005f19672fdf76ce51ba69c6076a0f77eaddb3a93be6f89688de17d813620a00022e01fffffffeffff'
+    ),
+    BigInt('0x0'),
   ],
 ].map((pair) => Fp2.fromBigTuple(pair));
 
@@ -454,7 +498,7 @@ const FP6_FROBENIUS_COEFFICIENTS_2 = [
 // Fp₆(w) / (w² - γ) where γ = v
 type Fp12 = { c0: Fp6; c1: Fp6 };
 // The BLS parameter x for BLS12-381
-const BLS_X = 0xd201000000010000n;
+const BLS_X = BigInt('0xd201000000010000');
 const BLS_X_LEN = bitLen(BLS_X);
 
 // prettier-ignore
@@ -511,7 +555,7 @@ type Fp12Utils = {
   _cyclotomicExp(num: Fp12, n: bigint): Fp12;
 };
 
-const Fp12: mod.Field<Fp12> & Fp12Utils = {
+const Fp12: mod.IField<Fp12> & Fp12Utils = {
   ORDER: Fp2.ORDER, // TODO: unused, but need to verify
   BITS: 2 * Fp2.BITS,
   BYTES: 2 * Fp2.BYTES,
@@ -612,14 +656,14 @@ const Fp12: mod.Field<Fp12> & Fp12Utils = {
     let t9 = Fp2.mulByNonresidue(t8); // T8 * (u + 1)
     return {
       c0: Fp6.create({
-        c0: Fp2.add(Fp2.mul(Fp2.sub(t3, c0c0), 2n), t3), // 2 * (T3 - c0c0)  + T3
+        c0: Fp2.add(Fp2.mul(Fp2.sub(t3, c0c0), _2n), t3), // 2 * (T3 - c0c0)  + T3
-        c1: Fp2.add(Fp2.mul(Fp2.sub(t5, c0c1), 2n), t5), // 2 * (T5 - c0c1)  + T5
+        c1: Fp2.add(Fp2.mul(Fp2.sub(t5, c0c1), _2n), t5), // 2 * (T5 - c0c1)  + T5
-        c2: Fp2.add(Fp2.mul(Fp2.sub(t7, c0c2), 2n), t7),
+        c2: Fp2.add(Fp2.mul(Fp2.sub(t7, c0c2), _2n), t7),
       }), // 2 * (T7 - c0c2)  + T7
       c1: Fp6.create({
-        c0: Fp2.add(Fp2.mul(Fp2.add(t9, c1c0), 2n), t9), // 2 * (T9 + c1c0) + T9
+        c0: Fp2.add(Fp2.mul(Fp2.add(t9, c1c0), _2n), t9), // 2 * (T9 + c1c0) + T9
-        c1: Fp2.add(Fp2.mul(Fp2.add(t4, c1c1), 2n), t4), // 2 * (T4 + c1c1) + T4
+        c1: Fp2.add(Fp2.mul(Fp2.add(t4, c1c1), _2n), t4), // 2 * (T4 + c1c1) + T4
-        c2: Fp2.add(Fp2.mul(Fp2.add(t6, c1c2), 2n), t6),
+        c2: Fp2.add(Fp2.mul(Fp2.add(t6, c1c2), _2n), t6),
       }),
     }; // 2 * (T6 + c1c2) + T6
   },
@@ -654,58 +698,91 @@ const Fp12: mod.Field<Fp12> & Fp12Utils = {
   },
 };
 const FP12_FROBENIUS_COEFFICIENTS = [
-  [0x1n, 0x0n],
+  [BigInt('0x1'), BigInt('0x0')],
   [
-    0x1904d3bf02bb0667c231beb4202c0d1f0fd603fd3cbd5f4f7b2443d784bab9c4f67ea53d63e7813d8d0775ed92235fb8n,
+    BigInt(
-    0x00fc3e2b36c4e03288e9e902231f9fb854a14787b6c7b36fec0c8ec971f63c5f282d5ac14d6c7ec22cf78a126ddc4af3n,
+      '0x1904d3bf02bb0667c231beb4202c0d1f0fd603fd3cbd5f4f7b2443d784bab9c4f67ea53d63e7813d8d0775ed92235fb8'
+    ),
+    BigInt(
+      '0x00fc3e2b36c4e03288e9e902231f9fb854a14787b6c7b36fec0c8ec971f63c5f282d5ac14d6c7ec22cf78a126ddc4af3'
+    ),
   ],
   [
-    0x00000000000000005f19672fdf76ce51ba69c6076a0f77eaddb3a93be6f89688de17d813620a00022e01fffffffeffffn,
+    BigInt(
-    0x0n,
+      '0x00000000000000005f19672fdf76ce51ba69c6076a0f77eaddb3a93be6f89688de17d813620a00022e01fffffffeffff'
+    ),
+    BigInt('0x0'),
   ],
   [
-    0x135203e60180a68ee2e9c448d77a2cd91c3dedd930b1cf60ef396489f61eb45e304466cf3e67fa0af1ee7b04121bdea2n,
+    BigInt(
-    0x06af0e0437ff400b6831e36d6bd17ffe48395dabc2d3435e77f76e17009241c5ee67992f72ec05f4c81084fbede3cc09n,
+      '0x135203e60180a68ee2e9c448d77a2cd91c3dedd930b1cf60ef396489f61eb45e304466cf3e67fa0af1ee7b04121bdea2'
+    ),
+    BigInt(
+      '0x06af0e0437ff400b6831e36d6bd17ffe48395dabc2d3435e77f76e17009241c5ee67992f72ec05f4c81084fbede3cc09'
+    ),
   ],
   [
-    0x00000000000000005f19672fdf76ce51ba69c6076a0f77eaddb3a93be6f89688de17d813620a00022e01fffffffefffen,
+    BigInt(
-    0x0n,
+      '0x00000000000000005f19672fdf76ce51ba69c6076a0f77eaddb3a93be6f89688de17d813620a00022e01fffffffefffe'
+    ),
+    BigInt('0x0'),
   ],
   [
-    0x144e4211384586c16bd3ad4afa99cc9170df3560e77982d0db45f3536814f0bd5871c1908bd478cd1ee605167ff82995n,
+    BigInt(
-    0x05b2cfd9013a5fd8df47fa6b48b1e045f39816240c0b8fee8beadf4d8e9c0566c63a3e6e257f87329b18fae980078116n,
+      '0x144e4211384586c16bd3ad4afa99cc9170df3560e77982d0db45f3536814f0bd5871c1908bd478cd1ee605167ff82995'
+    ),
+    BigInt(
+      '0x05b2cfd9013a5fd8df47fa6b48b1e045f39816240c0b8fee8beadf4d8e9c0566c63a3e6e257f87329b18fae980078116'
+    ),
   ],
   [
-    0x1a0111ea397fe69a4b1ba7b6434bacd764774b84f38512bf6730d2a0f6b0f6241eabfffeb153ffffb9feffffffffaaaan,
+    BigInt(
-    0x0n,
+      '0x1a0111ea397fe69a4b1ba7b6434bacd764774b84f38512bf6730d2a0f6b0f6241eabfffeb153ffffb9feffffffffaaaa'
+    ),
+    BigInt('0x0'),
   ],
   [
-    0x00fc3e2b36c4e03288e9e902231f9fb854a14787b6c7b36fec0c8ec971f63c5f282d5ac14d6c7ec22cf78a126ddc4af3n,
+    BigInt(
-    0x1904d3bf02bb0667c231beb4202c0d1f0fd603fd3cbd5f4f7b2443d784bab9c4f67ea53d63e7813d8d0775ed92235fb8n,
+      '0x00fc3e2b36c4e03288e9e902231f9fb854a14787b6c7b36fec0c8ec971f63c5f282d5ac14d6c7ec22cf78a126ddc4af3'
+    ),
+    BigInt(
+      '0x1904d3bf02bb0667c231beb4202c0d1f0fd603fd3cbd5f4f7b2443d784bab9c4f67ea53d63e7813d8d0775ed92235fb8'
+    ),
   ],
   [
-    0x1a0111ea397fe699ec02408663d4de85aa0d857d89759ad4897d29650fb85f9b409427eb4f49fffd8bfd00000000aaacn,
+    BigInt(
-    0x0n,
+      '0x1a0111ea397fe699ec02408663d4de85aa0d857d89759ad4897d29650fb85f9b409427eb4f49fffd8bfd00000000aaac'
+    ),
+    BigInt('0x0'),
   ],
   [
-    0x06af0e0437ff400b6831e36d6bd17ffe48395dabc2d3435e77f76e17009241c5ee67992f72ec05f4c81084fbede3cc09n,
+    BigInt(
-    0x135203e60180a68ee2e9c448d77a2cd91c3dedd930b1cf60ef396489f61eb45e304466cf3e67fa0af1ee7b04121bdea2n,
+      '0x06af0e0437ff400b6831e36d6bd17ffe48395dabc2d3435e77f76e17009241c5ee67992f72ec05f4c81084fbede3cc09'
+    ),
+    BigInt(
+      '0x135203e60180a68ee2e9c448d77a2cd91c3dedd930b1cf60ef396489f61eb45e304466cf3e67fa0af1ee7b04121bdea2'
+    ),
   ],
   [
-    0x1a0111ea397fe699ec02408663d4de85aa0d857d89759ad4897d29650fb85f9b409427eb4f49fffd8bfd00000000aaadn,
+    BigInt(
-    0x0n,
+      '0x1a0111ea397fe699ec02408663d4de85aa0d857d89759ad4897d29650fb85f9b409427eb4f49fffd8bfd00000000aaad'
+    ),
+    BigInt('0x0'),
   ],
   [
-    0x05b2cfd9013a5fd8df47fa6b48b1e045f39816240c0b8fee8beadf4d8e9c0566c63a3e6e257f87329b18fae980078116n,
+    BigInt(
-    0x144e4211384586c16bd3ad4afa99cc9170df3560e77982d0db45f3536814f0bd5871c1908bd478cd1ee605167ff82995n,
+      '0x05b2cfd9013a5fd8df47fa6b48b1e045f39816240c0b8fee8beadf4d8e9c0566c63a3e6e257f87329b18fae980078116'
+    ),
+    BigInt(
+      '0x144e4211384586c16bd3ad4afa99cc9170df3560e77982d0db45f3536814f0bd5871c1908bd478cd1ee605167ff82995'
+    ),
   ],
 ].map((n) => Fp2.fromBigTuple(n));
 // END OF CURVE FIELDS
 
 // HashToCurve
 
-// 3-isogeny map from E' to E
+// 3-isogeny map from E' to E https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#appendix-E.3
-// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve-11#appendix-E.3
 const isogenyMapG2 = isogenyMap(
   Fp2,
   [
@@ -853,19 +930,23 @@ const isogenyMapG1 = isogenyMap(
 
 // SWU Map - Fp2 to G2': y² = x³ + 240i * x + 1012 + 1012i
 const G2_SWU = mapToCurveSimpleSWU(Fp2, {
-  A: Fp2.create({ c0: Fp.create(0n), c1: Fp.create(240n) }), // A' = 240 * I
+  A: Fp2.create({ c0: Fp.create(_0n), c1: Fp.create(BigInt(240)) }), // A' = 240 * I
-  B: Fp2.create({ c0: Fp.create(1012n), c1: Fp.create(1012n) }), // B' = 1012 * (1 + I)
+  B: Fp2.create({ c0: Fp.create(BigInt(1012)), c1: Fp.create(BigInt(1012)) }), // B' = 1012 * (1 + I)
-  Z: Fp2.create({ c0: Fp.create(-2n), c1: Fp.create(-1n) }), // Z: -(2 + I)
+  Z: Fp2.create({ c0: Fp.create(BigInt(-2)), c1: Fp.create(BigInt(-1)) }), // Z: -(2 + I)
 });
 // Optimized SWU Map - Fp to G1
 const G1_SWU = mapToCurveSimpleSWU(Fp, {
   A: Fp.create(
-    0x144698a3b8e9433d693a02c96d4982b0ea985383ee66a8d8e8981aefd881ac98936f8da0e0f97f5cf428082d584c1dn
+    BigInt(
+      '0x144698a3b8e9433d693a02c96d4982b0ea985383ee66a8d8e8981aefd881ac98936f8da0e0f97f5cf428082d584c1d'
+    )
   ),
   B: Fp.create(
-    0x12e2908d11688030018b12e8753eee3b2016c1f0f24f4070a0b9c14fcef35ef55a23215a316ceaa5d1cc48e98e172be0n
+    BigInt(
+      '0x12e2908d11688030018b12e8753eee3b2016c1f0f24f4070a0b9c14fcef35ef55a23215a316ceaa5d1cc48e98e172be0'
+    )
   ),
-  Z: Fp.create(11n),
+  Z: Fp.create(BigInt(11)),
 });
 
 // Endomorphisms (for fast cofactor clearing)
@@ -888,8 +969,9 @@ function G2psi(c: ProjConstructor<Fp2>, P: ProjPointType<Fp2>) {
 }
 // Ψ²(P) endomorphism
 // 1 / F2(2)^((p-1)/3) in GF(p²)
-const PSI2_C1 =
+const PSI2_C1 = BigInt(
-  0x1a0111ea397fe699ec02408663d4de85aa0d857d89759ad4897d29650fb85f9b409427eb4f49fffd8bfd00000000aaacn;
+  '0x1a0111ea397fe699ec02408663d4de85aa0d857d89759ad4897d29650fb85f9b409427eb4f49fffd8bfd00000000aaac'
+);
 
 function psi2(x: Fp2, y: Fp2): [Fp2, Fp2] {
   return [Fp2.mul(x, PSI2_C1), Fp2.neg(y)];
@@ -904,13 +986,13 @@ function G2psi2(c: ProjConstructor<Fp2>, P: ProjPointType<Fp2>) {
 //
 // Parameter definitions are in section 5.3 of the spec unless otherwise noted.
 // Parameter values come from section 8.8.2 of the spec.
-// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve-11#section-8.8.2
+// https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#section-8.8.2
 //
 // Base field F is GF(p^m)
 // p = 0x1a0111ea397fe69a4b1ba7b6434bacd764774b84f38512bf6730d2a0f6b0f6241eabfffeb153ffffb9feffffffffaaab
 // m = 2 (or 1 for G1 see section 8.8.1)
 // k = 128
-const htfDefaults = {
+const htfDefaults = Object.freeze({
   // DST: a domain separation tag
   // defined in section 2.2.5
   // Use utils.getDSTLabel(), utils.setDSTLabel(value)
@@ -932,18 +1014,66 @@ const htfDefaults = {
   // wide range of hash functions, including SHA-2, SHA-3, BLAKE2, and others.
   // BBS+ uses blake2: https://github.com/hyperledger/aries-framework-go/issues/2247
   hash: sha256,
-} as const;
+} as const);
 
 // Encoding utils
 // Point on G1 curve: (x, y)
-const C_BIT_POS = Fp.BITS; // C_bit, compression bit for serialization flag
+
-const I_BIT_POS = Fp.BITS + 1; // I_bit, point-at-infinity bit for serialization flag
-const S_BIT_POS = Fp.BITS + 2; // S_bit, sign bit for serialization flag
 // Compressed point of infinity
-const COMPRESSED_ZERO = Fp.toBytes(bitSet(bitSet(0n, I_BIT_POS, true), S_BIT_POS, true)); // set compressed & point-at-infinity bits
+const COMPRESSED_ZERO = setMask(Fp.toBytes(_0n), { infinity: true, compressed: true }); // set compressed & point-at-infinity bits
+
+function parseMask(bytes: Uint8Array) {
+  // Copy, so we can remove mask data. It will be removed also later, when Fp.create will call modulo.
+  bytes = bytes.slice();
+  const mask = bytes[0] & 0b1110_0000;
+  const compressed = !!((mask >> 7) & 1); // compression bit (0b1000_0000)
+  const infinity = !!((mask >> 6) & 1); // point at infinity bit (0b0100_0000)
+  const sort = !!((mask >> 5) & 1); // sort bit (0b0010_0000)
+  bytes[0] &= 0b0001_1111; // clear mask (zero first 3 bits)
+  return { compressed, infinity, sort, value: bytes };
+}
+
+function setMask(
+  bytes: Uint8Array,
+  mask: { compressed?: boolean; infinity?: boolean; sort?: boolean }
+) {
+  if (bytes[0] & 0b1110_0000) throw new Error('setMask: non-empty mask');
+  if (mask.compressed) bytes[0] |= 0b1000_0000;
+  if (mask.infinity) bytes[0] |= 0b0100_0000;
+  if (mask.sort) bytes[0] |= 0b0010_0000;
+  return bytes;
+}
+
+function signatureG1ToRawBytes(point: ProjPointType<Fp>) {
+  point.assertValidity();
+  const isZero = point.equals(bls12_381.G1.ProjectivePoint.ZERO);
+  const { x, y } = point.toAffine();
+  if (isZero) return COMPRESSED_ZERO.slice();
+  const P = Fp.ORDER;
+  const sort = Boolean((y * _2n) / P);
+  return setMask(numberToBytesBE(x, Fp.BYTES), { compressed: true, sort });
+}
+
+function signatureG2ToRawBytes(point: ProjPointType<Fp2>) {
+  // NOTE: by some reasons it was missed in bls12-381, looks like bug
+  point.assertValidity();
+  const len = Fp.BYTES;
+  if (point.equals(bls12_381.G2.ProjectivePoint.ZERO))
+    return concatB(COMPRESSED_ZERO, numberToBytesBE(_0n, len));
+  const { x, y } = point.toAffine();
+  const { re: x0, im: x1 } = Fp2.reim(x);
+  const { re: y0, im: y1 } = Fp2.reim(y);
+  const tmp = y1 > _0n ? y1 * _2n : y0 * _2n;
+  const sort = Boolean((tmp / Fp.ORDER) & _1n);
+  const z2 = x0;
+  return concatB(
+    setMask(numberToBytesBE(x1, len), { sort, compressed: true }),
+    numberToBytesBE(z2, len)
+  );
+}
 
 // To verify curve parameters, see pairing-friendly-curves spec:
-// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-pairing-friendly-curves-09
+// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-pairing-friendly-curves-11
 // Basic math is done over finite fields over p.
 // More complicated math is done over polynominal extension fields.
 // To simplify calculations in Fp12, we construct extension tower:
@@ -954,27 +1084,31 @@ const COMPRESSED_ZERO = Fp.toBytes(bitSet(bitSet(0n, I_BIT_POS, true), S_BIT_POS
 // Here goes constants && point encoding format
 export const bls12_381: CurveFn<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12> = bls({
   // Fields
-  Fr,
+  fields: {
     Fp,
     Fp2,
     Fp6,
     Fp12,
-  // order; z⁴ − z² + 1
+    Fr,
-  r: Fr.ORDER, // Same as N in other curves
+  },
   // G1 is the order-q subgroup of E1(Fp) : y² = x³ + 4, #E1(Fp) = h1q, where
   // characteristic; z + (z⁴ - z² + 1)(z - 1)²/3
   G1: {
     Fp,
     // cofactor; (z - 1)²/3
-    h: 0x396c8c005555e1568c00aaab0000aaabn,
+    h: BigInt('0x396c8c005555e1568c00aaab0000aaab'),
     // generator's coordinates
     // x = 3685416753713387016781088315183077757961620795782546409894578378688607592378376318836054947676345821548104185464507
     // y = 1339506544944476473020471379941921221584933875938349620426543736416511423956333506472724655353366534992391756441569
-    Gx: 0x17f1d3a73197d7942695638c4fa9ac0fc3688c4f9774b905a14e3a3f171bac586c55e83ff97a1aeffb3af00adb22c6bbn,
+    Gx: BigInt(
-    Gy: 0x08b3f481e3aaa0f1a09e30ed741d8ae4fcf5e095d5d00af600db18cb2c04b3edd03cc744a2888ae40caa232946c5e7e1n,
+      '0x17f1d3a73197d7942695638c4fa9ac0fc3688c4f9774b905a14e3a3f171bac586c55e83ff97a1aeffb3af00adb22c6bb'
+    ),
+    Gy: BigInt(
+      '0x08b3f481e3aaa0f1a09e30ed741d8ae4fcf5e095d5d00af600db18cb2c04b3edd03cc744a2888ae40caa232946c5e7e1'
+    ),
     a: Fp.ZERO,
-    b: 4n,
+    b: _4n,
-    htfDefaults: { ...htfDefaults, m: 1 },
+    htfDefaults: { ...htfDefaults, m: 1, DST: 'BLS_SIG_BLS12381G1_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_RO_NUL_' },
     wrapPrivateKey: true,
     allowInfinityPoint: true,
     // Checks is the point resides in prime-order subgroup.
@@ -983,18 +1117,19 @@ export const bls12_381: CurveFn<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12> = bls({
     // https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/1130.pdf
     isTorsionFree: (c, point): boolean => {
       // φ endomorphism
-      const cubicRootOfUnityModP =
+      const cubicRootOfUnityModP = BigInt(
-        0x5f19672fdf76ce51ba69c6076a0f77eaddb3a93be6f89688de17d813620a00022e01fffffffefffen;
+        '0x5f19672fdf76ce51ba69c6076a0f77eaddb3a93be6f89688de17d813620a00022e01fffffffefffe'
+      );
       const phi = new c(Fp.mul(point.px, cubicRootOfUnityModP), point.py, point.pz);
 
       // todo: unroll
-      const xP = point.multiplyUnsafe(bls12_381.CURVE.x).negate(); // [x]P
+      const xP = point.multiplyUnsafe(bls12_381.params.x).negate(); // [x]P
-      const u2P = xP.multiplyUnsafe(bls12_381.CURVE.x); // [u2]P
+      const u2P = xP.multiplyUnsafe(bls12_381.params.x); // [u2]P
       return u2P.equals(phi);
 
       // https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/814.pdf
       // (z² − 1)/3
-      // const c1 = 0x396c8c005555e1560000000055555555n;
+      // const c1 = BigInt('0x396c8c005555e1560000000055555555');
       // const P = this;
       // const S = P.sigma();
       // const Q = S.double();
@@ -1006,33 +1141,39 @@ export const bls12_381: CurveFn<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12> = bls({
     },
     // Clear cofactor of G1
     // https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/403
-    clearCofactor: (c, point) => {
+    clearCofactor: (_c, point) => {
       // return this.multiplyUnsafe(CURVE.h);
-      return point.multiplyUnsafe(bls12_381.CURVE.x).add(point); // x*P + P
+      return point.multiplyUnsafe(bls12_381.params.x).add(point); // x*P + P
     },
     mapToCurve: (scalars: bigint[]) => {
       const { x, y } = G1_SWU(Fp.create(scalars[0]));
       return isogenyMapG1(x, y);
     },
     fromBytes: (bytes: Uint8Array): AffinePoint<Fp> => {
-      if (bytes.length === 48) {
+      const { compressed, infinity, sort, value } = parseMask(bytes);
+      if (value.length === 48 && compressed) {
+        // TODO: Fp.bytes
         const P = Fp.ORDER;
-        const compressedValue = bytesToNumberBE(bytes);
+        const compressedValue = bytesToNumberBE(value);
-        const bflag = bitGet(compressedValue, I_BIT_POS);
         // Zero
-        if (bflag === 1n) return { x: 0n, y: 0n };
         const x = Fp.create(compressedValue & Fp.MASK);
-        const right = Fp.add(Fp.pow(x, 3n), Fp.create(bls12_381.CURVE.G1.b)); // y² = x³ + b
+        if (infinity) {
+          if (x !== _0n) throw new Error('G1: non-empty compressed point at infinity');
+          return { x: _0n, y: _0n };
+        }
+        const right = Fp.add(Fp.pow(x, _3n), Fp.create(bls12_381.params.G1b)); // y² = x³ + b
         let y = Fp.sqrt(right);
         if (!y) throw new Error('Invalid compressed G1 point');
-        const aflag = bitGet(compressedValue, C_BIT_POS);
+        if ((y * _2n) / P !== BigInt(sort)) y = Fp.neg(y);
-        if ((y * 2n) / P !== aflag) y = Fp.neg(y);
         return { x: Fp.create(x), y: Fp.create(y) };
-      } else if (bytes.length === 96) {
+      } else if (value.length === 96 && !compressed) {
         // Check if the infinity flag is set
-        if ((bytes[0] & (1 << 6)) !== 0) return bls12_381.G1.ProjectivePoint.ZERO.toAffine();
+        const x = bytesToNumberBE(value.subarray(0, Fp.BYTES));
-        const x = bytesToNumberBE(bytes.slice(0, Fp.BYTES));
+        const y = bytesToNumberBE(value.subarray(Fp.BYTES));
-        const y = bytesToNumberBE(bytes.slice(Fp.BYTES));
+        if (infinity) {
+          if (x !== _0n || y !== _0n) throw new Error('G1: non-empty point at infinity');
+          return bls12_381.G1.ProjectivePoint.ZERO.toAffine();
+        }
         return { x: Fp.create(x), y: Fp.create(y) };
       } else {
         throw new Error('Invalid point G1, expected 48/96 bytes');
@@ -1044,10 +1185,8 @@ export const bls12_381: CurveFn<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12> = bls({
       if (isCompressed) {
         if (isZero) return COMPRESSED_ZERO.slice();
         const P = Fp.ORDER;
-        let num;
+        const sort = Boolean((y * _2n) / P);
-        num = bitSet(x, C_BIT_POS, Boolean((y * 2n) / P)); // set aflag
+        return setMask(numberToBytesBE(x, Fp.BYTES), { compressed: true, sort });
-        num = bitSet(num, S_BIT_POS, true);
-        return numberToBytesBE(num, Fp.BYTES);
       } else {
         if (isZero) {
           // 2x PUBLIC_KEY_LENGTH
@@ -1058,6 +1197,30 @@ export const bls12_381: CurveFn<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12> = bls({
         }
       }
     },
+    ShortSignature: {
+      fromHex(hex: Hex): ProjPointType<Fp> {
+        const { infinity, sort, value } = parseMask(ensureBytes('signatureHex', hex, 48));
+        const P = Fp.ORDER;
+        const compressedValue = bytesToNumberBE(value);
+        // Zero
+        if (infinity) return bls12_381.G1.ProjectivePoint.ZERO;
+        const x = Fp.create(compressedValue & Fp.MASK);
+        const right = Fp.add(Fp.pow(x, _3n), Fp.create(bls12_381.params.G1b)); // y² = x³ + b
+        let y = Fp.sqrt(right);
+        if (!y) throw new Error('Invalid compressed G1 point');
+        const aflag = BigInt(sort);
+        if ((y * _2n) / P !== aflag) y = Fp.neg(y);
+        const point = bls12_381.G1.ProjectivePoint.fromAffine({ x, y });
+        point.assertValidity();
+        return point;
+      },
+      toRawBytes(point: ProjPointType<Fp>) {
+        return signatureG1ToRawBytes(point);
+      },
+      toHex(point: ProjPointType<Fp>) {
+        return bytesToHex(signatureG1ToRawBytes(point));
+      },
+    },
   },
   // G2 is the order-q subgroup of E2(Fp²) : y² = x³+4(1+√−1),
   // where Fp2 is Fp[√−1]/(x2+1). #E2(Fp2 ) = h2q, where
@@ -1066,21 +1229,33 @@ export const bls12_381: CurveFn<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12> = bls({
   G2: {
     Fp: Fp2,
     // cofactor
-    h: 0x5d543a95414e7f1091d50792876a202cd91de4547085abaa68a205b2e5a7ddfa628f1cb4d9e82ef21537e293a6691ae1616ec6e786f0c70cf1c38e31c7238e5n,
+    h: BigInt(
+      '0x5d543a95414e7f1091d50792876a202cd91de4547085abaa68a205b2e5a7ddfa628f1cb4d9e82ef21537e293a6691ae1616ec6e786f0c70cf1c38e31c7238e5'
+    ),
     Gx: Fp2.fromBigTuple([
-      0x024aa2b2f08f0a91260805272dc51051c6e47ad4fa403b02b4510b647ae3d1770bac0326a805bbefd48056c8c121bdb8n,
+      BigInt(
-      0x13e02b6052719f607dacd3a088274f65596bd0d09920b61ab5da61bbdc7f5049334cf11213945d57e5ac7d055d042b7en,
+        '0x024aa2b2f08f0a91260805272dc51051c6e47ad4fa403b02b4510b647ae3d1770bac0326a805bbefd48056c8c121bdb8'
+      ),
+      BigInt(
+        '0x13e02b6052719f607dacd3a088274f65596bd0d09920b61ab5da61bbdc7f5049334cf11213945d57e5ac7d055d042b7e'
+      ),
     ]),
     // y =
     // 927553665492332455747201965776037880757740193453592970025027978793976877002675564980949289727957565575433344219582,
     // 1985150602287291935568054521177171638300868978215655730859378665066344726373823718423869104263333984641494340347905
     Gy: Fp2.fromBigTuple([
-      0x0ce5d527727d6e118cc9cdc6da2e351aadfd9baa8cbdd3a76d429a695160d12c923ac9cc3baca289e193548608b82801n,
+      BigInt(
-      0x0606c4a02ea734cc32acd2b02bc28b99cb3e287e85a763af267492ab572e99ab3f370d275cec1da1aaa9075ff05f79ben,
+        '0x0ce5d527727d6e118cc9cdc6da2e351aadfd9baa8cbdd3a76d429a695160d12c923ac9cc3baca289e193548608b82801'
+      ),
+      BigInt(
+        '0x0606c4a02ea734cc32acd2b02bc28b99cb3e287e85a763af267492ab572e99ab3f370d275cec1da1aaa9075ff05f79be'
+      ),
     ]),
     a: Fp2.ZERO,
-    b: Fp2.fromBigTuple([4n, 4n]),
+    b: Fp2.fromBigTuple([_4n, _4n]),
-    hEff: 0xbc69f08f2ee75b3584c6a0ea91b352888e2a8e9145ad7689986ff031508ffe1329c2f178731db956d82bf015d1212b02ec0ec69d7477c1ae954cbc06689f6a359894c0adebbf6b4e8020005aaa95551n,
+    hEff: BigInt(
+      '0xbc69f08f2ee75b3584c6a0ea91b352888e2a8e9145ad7689986ff031508ffe1329c2f178731db956d82bf015d1212b02ec0ec69d7477c1ae954cbc06689f6a359894c0adebbf6b4e8020005aaa95551'
+    ),
     htfDefaults: { ...htfDefaults },
     wrapPrivateKey: true,
     allowInfinityPoint: true,
@@ -1093,7 +1268,7 @@ export const bls12_381: CurveFn<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12> = bls({
     // It returns false for shitty points.
     // https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/1130.pdf
     isTorsionFree: (c, P): boolean => {
-      return P.multiplyUnsafe(bls12_381.CURVE.x).negate().equals(G2psi(c, P)); // ψ(P) == [u](P)
+      return P.multiplyUnsafe(bls12_381.params.x).negate().equals(G2psi(c, P)); // ψ(P) == [u](P)
       // Older version: https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/814.pdf
       // Ψ²(P) => Ψ³(P) => [z]Ψ³(P) where z = -x => [z]Ψ³(P) - Ψ²(P) + P == O
       // return P.psi2().psi().mulNegX().subtract(psi2).add(P).isZero();
@@ -1103,7 +1278,7 @@ export const bls12_381: CurveFn<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12> = bls({
     // https://eprint.iacr.org/2017/419.pdf
     // prettier-ignore
     clearCofactor: (c, P) => {
-      const { x } = bls12_381.CURVE;
+      const x = bls12_381.params.x;
       let t1 = P.multiplyUnsafe(x).negate();  // [-x]P
       let t2 = G2psi(c, P);                   // Ψ(P)
       let t3 = P.double();                    // 2P
@@ -1117,90 +1292,89 @@ export const bls12_381: CurveFn<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12> = bls({
       return Q;                               // [x²-x-1]P + [x-1]Ψ(P) + Ψ²(2P)
     },
     fromBytes: (bytes: Uint8Array): AffinePoint<Fp2> => {
-      const m_byte = bytes[0] & 0xe0;
+      const { compressed, infinity, sort, value } = parseMask(bytes);
-      if (m_byte === 0x20 || m_byte === 0x60 || m_byte === 0xe0) {
+      if (
-        throw new Error('Invalid encoding flag: ' + m_byte);
+        (!compressed && !infinity && sort) || // 00100000
+        (!compressed && infinity && sort) || // 01100000
+        (sort && infinity && compressed) // 11100000
+      ) {
+        throw new Error('Invalid encoding flag: ' + (bytes[0] & 0b1110_0000));
       }
-      const bitC = m_byte & 0x80; // compression bit
-      const bitI = m_byte & 0x40; // point at infinity bit
-      const bitS = m_byte & 0x20; // sign bit
       const L = Fp.BYTES;
       const slc = (b: Uint8Array, from: number, to?: number) => bytesToNumberBE(b.slice(from, to));
-      if (bytes.length === 96 && bitC) {
+      if (value.length === 96 && compressed) {
-        const { b } = bls12_381.CURVE.G2;
+        const b = bls12_381.params.G2b;
         const P = Fp.ORDER;
-
+        if (infinity) {
-        bytes[0] = bytes[0] & 0x1f; // clear flags
-        if (bitI) {
           // check that all bytes are 0
-          if (bytes.reduce((p, c) => (p !== 0 ? c + 1 : c), 0) > 0) {
+          if (value.reduce((p, c) => (p !== 0 ? c + 1 : c), 0) > 0) {
             throw new Error('Invalid compressed G2 point');
           }
           return { x: Fp2.ZERO, y: Fp2.ZERO };
         }
-        const x_1 = slc(bytes, 0, L);
+        const x_1 = slc(value, 0, L);
-        const x_0 = slc(bytes, L, 2 * L);
+        const x_0 = slc(value, L, 2 * L);
         const x = Fp2.create({ c0: Fp.create(x_0), c1: Fp.create(x_1) });
-        const right = Fp2.add(Fp2.pow(x, 3n), b); // y² = x³ + 4 * (u+1) = x³ + b
+        const right = Fp2.add(Fp2.pow(x, _3n), b); // y² = x³ + 4 * (u+1) = x³ + b
         let y = Fp2.sqrt(right);
-        const Y_bit = y.c1 === 0n ? (y.c0 * 2n) / P : (y.c1 * 2n) / P ? 1n : 0n;
+        const Y_bit = y.c1 === _0n ? (y.c0 * _2n) / P : (y.c1 * _2n) / P ? _1n : _0n;
-        y = bitS > 0 && Y_bit > 0 ? y : Fp2.neg(y);
+        y = sort && Y_bit > 0 ? y : Fp2.neg(y);
         return { x, y };
-      } else if (bytes.length === 192 && !bitC) {
+      } else if (value.length === 192 && !compressed) {
-        // Check if the infinity flag is set
+        if (infinity) {
-        if ((bytes[0] & (1 << 6)) !== 0) {
+          if (value.reduce((p, c) => (p !== 0 ? c + 1 : c), 0) > 0) {
+            throw new Error('Invalid uncompressed G2 point');
+          }
           return { x: Fp2.ZERO, y: Fp2.ZERO };
         }
-        const x1 = slc(bytes, 0, L);
+        const x1 = slc(value, 0, L);
-        const x0 = slc(bytes, L, 2 * L);
+        const x0 = slc(value, L, 2 * L);
-        const y1 = slc(bytes, 2 * L, 3 * L);
+        const y1 = slc(value, 2 * L, 3 * L);
-        const y0 = slc(bytes, 3 * L, 4 * L);
+        const y0 = slc(value, 3 * L, 4 * L);
         return { x: Fp2.fromBigTuple([x0, x1]), y: Fp2.fromBigTuple([y0, y1]) };
       } else {
         throw new Error('Invalid point G2, expected 96/192 bytes');
       }
     },
     toBytes: (c, point, isCompressed) => {
+      const { BYTES: len, ORDER: P } = Fp;
       const isZero = point.equals(c.ZERO);
       const { x, y } = point.toAffine();
       if (isCompressed) {
-        const P = Fp.ORDER;
+        if (isZero) return concatB(COMPRESSED_ZERO, numberToBytesBE(_0n, len));
-        if (isZero) return concatB(COMPRESSED_ZERO, numberToBytesBE(0n, Fp.BYTES));
+        const flag = Boolean(y.c1 === _0n ? (y.c0 * _2n) / P : (y.c1 * _2n) / P);
-        const flag = Boolean(y.c1 === 0n ? (y.c0 * 2n) / P : (y.c1 * 2n) / P);
+        return concatB(
-        // set compressed & sign bits (looks like different offsets than for G1/Fp?)
+          setMask(numberToBytesBE(x.c1, len), { compressed: true, sort: flag }),
-        let x_1 = bitSet(x.c1, C_BIT_POS, flag);
+          numberToBytesBE(x.c0, len)
-        x_1 = bitSet(x_1, S_BIT_POS, true);
+        );
-        return concatB(numberToBytesBE(x_1, Fp.BYTES), numberToBytesBE(x.c0, Fp.BYTES));
       } else {
-        if (isZero) return concatB(new Uint8Array([0x40]), new Uint8Array(4 * Fp.BYTES - 1)); // bytes[0] |= 1 << 6;
+        if (isZero) return concatB(new Uint8Array([0x40]), new Uint8Array(4 * len - 1)); // bytes[0] |= 1 << 6;
         const { re: x0, im: x1 } = Fp2.reim(x);
         const { re: y0, im: y1 } = Fp2.reim(y);
         return concatB(
-          numberToBytesBE(x1, Fp.BYTES),
+          numberToBytesBE(x1, len),
-          numberToBytesBE(x0, Fp.BYTES),
+          numberToBytesBE(x0, len),
-          numberToBytesBE(y1, Fp.BYTES),
+          numberToBytesBE(y1, len),
-          numberToBytesBE(y0, Fp.BYTES)
+          numberToBytesBE(y0, len)
         );
       }
     },
     Signature: {
       // TODO: Optimize, it's very slow because of sqrt.
-      decode(hex: Hex): ProjPointType<Fp2> {
+      fromHex(hex: Hex): ProjPointType<Fp2> {
-        hex = ensureBytes(hex);
+        const { infinity, sort, value } = parseMask(ensureBytes('signatureHex', hex));
         const P = Fp.ORDER;
-        const half = hex.length / 2;
+        const half = value.length / 2;
         if (half !== 48 && half !== 96)
           throw new Error('Invalid compressed signature length, must be 96 or 192');
-        const z1 = bytesToNumberBE(hex.slice(0, half));
+        const z1 = bytesToNumberBE(value.slice(0, half));
-        const z2 = bytesToNumberBE(hex.slice(half));
+        const z2 = bytesToNumberBE(value.slice(half));
         // Indicates the infinity point
-        const bflag1 = bitGet(z1, I_BIT_POS);
+        if (infinity) return bls12_381.G2.ProjectivePoint.ZERO;
-        if (bflag1 === 1n) return bls12_381.G2.ProjectivePoint.ZERO;
-
         const x1 = Fp.create(z1 & Fp.MASK);
         const x2 = Fp.create(z2);
         const x = Fp2.create({ c0: x2, c1: x1 });
-        const y2 = Fp2.add(Fp2.pow(x, 3n), bls12_381.CURVE.G2.b); // y² = x³ + 4
+        const y2 = Fp2.add(Fp2.pow(x, _3n), bls12_381.params.G2b); // y² = x³ + 4
         // The slow part
         let y = Fp2.sqrt(y2);
         if (!y) throw new Error('Failed to find a square root');
@@ -1208,33 +1382,26 @@ export const bls12_381: CurveFn<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12> = bls({
         // Choose the y whose leftmost bit of the imaginary part is equal to the a_flag1
         // If y1 happens to be zero, then use the bit of y0
         const { re: y0, im: y1 } = Fp2.reim(y);
-        const aflag1 = bitGet(z1, 381);
+        const aflag1 = BigInt(sort);
-        const isGreater = y1 > 0n && (y1 * 2n) / P !== aflag1;
+        const isGreater = y1 > _0n && (y1 * _2n) / P !== aflag1;
-        const isZero = y1 === 0n && (y0 * 2n) / P !== aflag1;
+        const isZero = y1 === _0n && (y0 * _2n) / P !== aflag1;
         if (isGreater || isZero) y = Fp2.neg(y);
         const point = bls12_381.G2.ProjectivePoint.fromAffine({ x, y });
-        // console.log('Signature.decode', point);
         point.assertValidity();
         return point;
       },
-      encode(point: ProjPointType<Fp2>) {
+      toRawBytes(point: ProjPointType<Fp2>) {
-        // NOTE: by some reasons it was missed in bls12-381, looks like bug
+        return signatureG2ToRawBytes(point);
-        point.assertValidity();
+      },
-        if (point.equals(bls12_381.G2.ProjectivePoint.ZERO))
+      toHex(point: ProjPointType<Fp2>) {
-          return concatB(COMPRESSED_ZERO, numberToBytesBE(0n, Fp.BYTES));
+        return bytesToHex(signatureG2ToRawBytes(point));
-        const a = point.toAffine();
-        const { re: x0, im: x1 } = Fp2.reim(a.x);
-        const { re: y0, im: y1 } = Fp2.reim(a.y);
-        const tmp = y1 > 0n ? y1 * 2n : y0 * 2n;
-        const aflag1 = Boolean((tmp / Fp.ORDER) & 1n);
-        const z1 = bitSet(bitSet(x1, 381, aflag1), S_BIT_POS, true);
-        const z2 = x0;
-        return concatB(numberToBytesBE(z1, Fp.BYTES), numberToBytesBE(z2, Fp.BYTES));
       },
     },
   },
-  // The BLS parameter x for BLS12-381
+  params: {
-  x: BLS_X,
+    x: BLS_X, // The BLS parameter x for BLS12-381
+    r: Fr.ORDER, // order; z⁴ − z² + 1; CURVE.n from other curves
+  },
   htfDefaults,
   hash: sha256,
   randomBytes,

src/bn254.ts

@@ -2,17 +2,18 @@
 import { sha256 } from '@noble/hashes/sha256';
 import { weierstrass } from './abstract/weierstrass.js';
 import { getHash } from './_shortw_utils.js';
-import { Fp } from './abstract/modular.js';
+import { Field } from './abstract/modular.js';
 /**
  * bn254 pairing-friendly curve.
  * Previously known as alt_bn_128, when it had 128-bit security.
- * Recent research shown it's weaker, the naming has been adjusted to its prime bit count.
+ * Barbulescu-Duquesne 2017 shown it's weaker: just about 100 bits,
- * https://github.com/zcash/zcash/issues/2502
+ * so the naming has been adjusted to its prime bit count
+ * https://hal.science/hal-01534101/file/main.pdf
  */
 export const bn254 = weierstrass({
   a: BigInt(0),
   b: BigInt(3),
-  Fp: Fp(BigInt('0x30644e72e131a029b85045b68181585d97816a916871ca8d3c208c16d87cfd47')),
+  Fp: Field(BigInt('0x30644e72e131a029b85045b68181585d97816a916871ca8d3c208c16d87cfd47')),
   n: BigInt('0x30644e72e131a029b85045b68181585d2833e84879b9709143e1f593f0000001'),
   Gx: BigInt(1),
   Gy: BigInt(2),

src/ed25519.ts

@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
 /*! noble-curves - MIT License (c) 2022 Paul Miller (paulmillr.com) */
 import { sha512 } from '@noble/hashes/sha512';
 import { concatBytes, randomBytes, utf8ToBytes } from '@noble/hashes/utils';
-import { twistedEdwards, ExtPointType } from './abstract/edwards.js';
+import { ExtPointType, twistedEdwards } from './abstract/edwards.js';
 import { montgomery } from './abstract/montgomery.js';
-import { mod, pow2, isNegativeLE, Fp as Field, FpSqrtEven } from './abstract/modular.js';
+import { Field, FpSqrtEven, isNegativeLE, mod, pow2 } from './abstract/modular.js';
 import {
-  ensureBytes,
-  equalBytes,
   bytesToHex,
   bytesToNumberLE,
-  numberToBytesLE,
+  ensureBytes,
+  equalBytes,
   Hex,
+  numberToBytesLE,
 } from './abstract/utils.js';
-import * as htf from './abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
+import { createHasher, htfBasicOpts, expand_message_xmd } from './abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
+import { AffinePoint, Group } from './abstract/curve.js';
 
 /**
  * ed25519 Twisted Edwards curve with following addons:
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ const ED25519_SQRT_M1 = BigInt(
 const _0n = BigInt(0), _1n = BigInt(1), _2n = BigInt(2), _5n = BigInt(5);
 // prettier-ignore
 const _10n = BigInt(10), _20n = BigInt(20), _40n = BigInt(40), _80n = BigInt(80);
+
 function ed25519_pow_2_252_3(x: bigint) {
   const P = ED25519_P;
   const x2 = (x * x) % P;
@@ -50,6 +52,7 @@ function ed25519_pow_2_252_3(x: bigint) {
   // ^ To pow to (p+3)/8, multiply it by x.
   return { pow_p_5_8, b2 };
 }
+
 function adjustScalarBytes(bytes: Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
   // Section 5: For X25519, in order to decode 32 random bytes as an integer scalar,
   // set the three least significant bits of the first byte
@@ -60,6 +63,7 @@ function adjustScalarBytes(bytes: Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
   bytes[31] |= 64; // 0b0100_0000
   return bytes;
 }
+
 // sqrt(u/v)
 function uvRatio(u: bigint, v: bigint): { isValid: boolean; value: bigint } {
   const P = ED25519_P;
@@ -94,16 +98,16 @@ export const ED25519_TORSION_SUBGROUP = [
 
 const Fp = Field(ED25519_P, undefined, true);
 
-const ED25519_DEF = {
+const ed25519Defaults = {
   // Param: a
-  a: BigInt(-1),
+  a: BigInt(-1), // Fp.create(-1) is proper; our way still works and is faster
-  // Equal to -121665/121666 over finite field.
+  // d is equal to -121665/121666 over finite field.
   // Negative number is P - number, and division is invert(number, P)
   d: BigInt('37095705934669439343138083508754565189542113879843219016388785533085940283555'),
-  // Finite field 𝔽p over which we'll do calculations; 2n ** 255n - 19n
+  // Finite field 𝔽p over which we'll do calculations; 2n**255n - 19n
   Fp,
-  // Subgroup order: how many points ed25519 has
+  // Subgroup order: how many points curve has
-  // 2n ** 252n + 27742317777372353535851937790883648493n;
+  // 2n**252n + 27742317777372353535851937790883648493n;
   n: BigInt('7237005577332262213973186563042994240857116359379907606001950938285454250989'),
   // Cofactor
   h: BigInt(8),
@@ -119,7 +123,8 @@ const ED25519_DEF = {
   uvRatio,
 } as const;
 
-export const ed25519 = twistedEdwards(ED25519_DEF);
+export const ed25519 = /* @__PURE__ */ twistedEdwards(ed25519Defaults);
+
 function ed25519_domain(data: Uint8Array, ctx: Uint8Array, phflag: boolean) {
   if (ctx.length > 255) throw new Error('Context is too big');
   return concatBytes(
@@ -129,19 +134,24 @@ function ed25519_domain(data: Uint8Array, ctx: Uint8Array, phflag: boolean) {
     data
   );
 }
-export const ed25519ctx = twistedEdwards({ ...ED25519_DEF, domain: ed25519_domain });
+
-export const ed25519ph = twistedEdwards({
+export const ed25519ctx = /* @__PURE__ */ twistedEdwards({
-  ...ED25519_DEF,
+  ...ed25519Defaults,
   domain: ed25519_domain,
-  preHash: sha512,
+});
+export const ed25519ph = /* @__PURE__ */ twistedEdwards({
+  ...ed25519Defaults,
+  domain: ed25519_domain,
+  prehash: sha512,
 });
 
-export const x25519 = montgomery({
+export const x25519 = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
+  montgomery({
     P: ED25519_P,
-  a24: BigInt('121665'),
+    a: BigInt(486662),
     montgomeryBits: 255, // n is 253 bits
     nByteLength: 32,
-  Gu: '0900000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
+    Gu: BigInt(9),
     powPminus2: (x: bigint): bigint => {
       const P = ED25519_P;
       // x^(p-2) aka x^(2^255-21)
@@ -149,7 +159,36 @@ export const x25519 = montgomery({
       return mod(pow2(pow_p_5_8, BigInt(3), P) * b2, P);
     },
     adjustScalarBytes,
-});
+    randomBytes,
+  }))();
+
+/**
+ * Converts ed25519 public key to x25519 public key. Uses formula:
+ * * `(u, v) = ((1+y)/(1-y), sqrt(-486664)*u/x)`
+ * * `(x, y) = (sqrt(-486664)*u/v, (u-1)/(u+1))`
+ * @example
+ *   const someonesPub = ed25519.getPublicKey(ed25519.utils.randomPrivateKey());
+ *   const aPriv = x25519.utils.randomPrivateKey();
+ *   x25519.getSharedSecret(aPriv, edwardsToMontgomeryPub(someonesPub))
+ */
+export function edwardsToMontgomeryPub(edwardsPub: Hex): Uint8Array {
+  const { y } = ed25519.ExtendedPoint.fromHex(edwardsPub);
+  const _1n = BigInt(1);
+  return Fp.toBytes(Fp.create((_1n + y) * Fp.inv(_1n - y)));
+}
+export const edwardsToMontgomery = edwardsToMontgomeryPub; // deprecated
+
+/**
+ * Converts ed25519 secret key to x25519 secret key.
+ * @example
+ *   const someonesPub = x25519.getPublicKey(x25519.utils.randomPrivateKey());
+ *   const aPriv = ed25519.utils.randomPrivateKey();
+ *   x25519.getSharedSecret(edwardsToMontgomeryPriv(aPriv), someonesPub)
+ */
+export function edwardsToMontgomeryPriv(edwardsPriv: Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
+  const hashed = ed25519Defaults.hash(edwardsPriv.subarray(0, 32));
+  return ed25519Defaults.adjustScalarBytes(hashed).subarray(0, 32);
+}
 
 // Hash To Curve Elligator2 Map (NOTE: different from ristretto255 elligator)
 // NOTE: very important part is usage of FpSqrtEven for ELL2_C1_EDWARDS, since
@@ -202,12 +241,13 @@ function map_to_curve_elligator2_curve25519(u: bigint) {
   let y = Fp.cmov(y2, y1, e3);  //  36.   y = CMOV(y2, y1, e3)    # If e3, y = y1, else y = y2
   let e4 = Fp.isOdd(y);         //  37.  e4 = sgn0(y) == 1        # Fix sign of y
   y = Fp.cmov(y, Fp.neg(y), e3 !== e4); //  38.   y = CMOV(y, -y, e3 XOR e4)
-  return { xMn: xn, xMd: xd, yMn: y, yMd: 1n }; //  39. return (xn, xd, y, 1)
+  return { xMn: xn, xMd: xd, yMn: y, yMd: _1n }; //  39. return (xn, xd, y, 1)
 }
 
 const ELL2_C1_EDWARDS = FpSqrtEven(Fp, Fp.neg(BigInt(486664))); // sgn0(c1) MUST equal 0
 function map_to_curve_elligator2_edwards25519(u: bigint) {
-  const { xMn, xMd, yMn, yMd } = map_to_curve_elligator2_curve25519(u); //  1.  (xMn, xMd, yMn, yMd) = map_to_curve_elligator2_curve25519(u)
+  const { xMn, xMd, yMn, yMd } = map_to_curve_elligator2_curve25519(u); //  1.  (xMn, xMd, yMn, yMd) =
+  // map_to_curve_elligator2_curve25519(u)
   let xn = Fp.mul(xMn, yMd); //  2.  xn = xMn * yMd
   xn = Fp.mul(xn, ELL2_C1_EDWARDS); //  3.  xn = xn * c1
   let xd = Fp.mul(xMd, yMn); //  4.  xd = xMd * yMn    # xn / xd = c1 * xM / yM
@@ -223,7 +263,9 @@ function map_to_curve_elligator2_edwards25519(u: bigint) {
   const inv = Fp.invertBatch([xd, yd]); // batch division
   return { x: Fp.mul(xn, inv[0]), y: Fp.mul(yn, inv[1]) }; //  13. return (xn, xd, yn, yd)
 }
-const { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve } = htf.hashToCurve(
+
+const htf = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
+  createHasher(
     ed25519.ExtendedPoint,
     (scalars: bigint[]) => map_to_curve_elligator2_edwards25519(scalars[0]),
     {
@@ -235,16 +277,16 @@ const { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve } = htf.hashToCurve(
       expand: 'xmd',
       hash: sha512,
     }
-);
+  ))();
-export { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve };
+export const hashToCurve = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => htf.hashToCurve)();
+export const encodeToCurve = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => htf.encodeToCurve)();
 
 function assertRstPoint(other: unknown) {
-  if (!(other instanceof RistrettoPoint)) throw new Error('RistrettoPoint expected');
+  if (!(other instanceof RistPoint)) throw new Error('RistrettoPoint expected');
 }
+
 // √(-1) aka √(a) aka 2^((p-1)/4)
-const SQRT_M1 = BigInt(
+const SQRT_M1 = ED25519_SQRT_M1;
-  '19681161376707505956807079304988542015446066515923890162744021073123829784752'
-);
 // √(ad - 1)
 const SQRT_AD_MINUS_ONE = BigInt(
   '25063068953384623474111414158702152701244531502492656460079210482610430750235'
@@ -301,27 +343,31 @@ function calcElligatorRistrettoMap(r0: bigint): ExtendedPoint {
  * but it should work in its own namespace: do not combine those two.
  * https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-ristretto255-decaf448
  */
-export class RistrettoPoint {
+class RistPoint implements Group<RistPoint> {
-  static BASE = new RistrettoPoint(ed25519.ExtendedPoint.BASE);
+  static BASE: RistPoint;
-  static ZERO = new RistrettoPoint(ed25519.ExtendedPoint.ZERO);
+  static ZERO: RistPoint;
-
   // Private property to discourage combining ExtendedPoint + RistrettoPoint
   // Always use Ristretto encoding/decoding instead.
   constructor(private readonly ep: ExtendedPoint) {}
+
+  static fromAffine(ap: AffinePoint<bigint>) {
+    return new RistPoint(ed25519.ExtendedPoint.fromAffine(ap));
+  }
+
   /**
-   * Takes uniform output of 64-bit hash function like sha512 and converts it to `RistrettoPoint`.
+   * Takes uniform output of 64-byte hash function like sha512 and converts it to `RistrettoPoint`.
    * The hash-to-group operation applies Elligator twice and adds the results.
    * **Note:** this is one-way map, there is no conversion from point to hash.
    * https://ristretto.group/formulas/elligator.html
-   * @param hex 64-bit output of a hash function
+   * @param hex 64-byte output of a hash function
    */
-  static hashToCurve(hex: Hex): RistrettoPoint {
+  static hashToCurve(hex: Hex): RistPoint {
-    hex = ensureBytes(hex, 64);
+    hex = ensureBytes('ristrettoHash', hex, 64);
     const r1 = bytes255ToNumberLE(hex.slice(0, 32));
     const R1 = calcElligatorRistrettoMap(r1);
     const r2 = bytes255ToNumberLE(hex.slice(32, 64));
     const R2 = calcElligatorRistrettoMap(r2);
-    return new RistrettoPoint(R1.add(R2));
+    return new RistPoint(R1.add(R2));
   }
 
   /**
@@ -329,8 +375,8 @@ export class RistrettoPoint {
    * https://ristretto.group/formulas/decoding.html
    * @param hex Ristretto-encoded 32 bytes. Not every 32-byte string is valid ristretto encoding
    */
-  static fromHex(hex: Hex): RistrettoPoint {
+  static fromHex(hex: Hex): RistPoint {
-    hex = ensureBytes(hex, 32);
+    hex = ensureBytes('ristrettoHex', hex, 32);
     const { a, d } = ed25519.CURVE;
     const P = ed25519.CURVE.Fp.ORDER;
     const mod = ed25519.CURVE.Fp.create;
@@ -353,7 +399,7 @@ export class RistrettoPoint {
     const y = mod(u1 * Dy); // 11
     const t = mod(x * y); // 12
     if (!isValid || isNegativeLE(t, P) || y === _0n) throw new Error(emsg);
-    return new RistrettoPoint(new ed25519.ExtendedPoint(x, y, _1n, t));
+    return new RistPoint(new ed25519.ExtendedPoint(x, y, _1n, t));
   }
 
   /**
@@ -397,10 +443,10 @@ export class RistrettoPoint {
   }
 
   // Compare one point to another.
-  equals(other: RistrettoPoint): boolean {
+  equals(other: RistPoint): boolean {
     assertRstPoint(other);
     const { ex: X1, ey: Y1 } = this.ep;
-    const { ex: X2, ey: Y2 } = this.ep;
+    const { ex: X2, ey: Y2 } = other.ep;
     const mod = ed25519.CURVE.Fp.create;
     // (x1 * y2 == y1 * x2) | (y1 * y2 == x1 * x2)
     const one = mod(X1 * Y2) === mod(Y1 * X2);
@@ -408,21 +454,44 @@ export class RistrettoPoint {
     return one || two;
   }
 
-  add(other: RistrettoPoint): RistrettoPoint {
+  add(other: RistPoint): RistPoint {
     assertRstPoint(other);
-    return new RistrettoPoint(this.ep.add(other.ep));
+    return new RistPoint(this.ep.add(other.ep));
   }
 
-  subtract(other: RistrettoPoint): RistrettoPoint {
+  subtract(other: RistPoint): RistPoint {
     assertRstPoint(other);
-    return new RistrettoPoint(this.ep.subtract(other.ep));
+    return new RistPoint(this.ep.subtract(other.ep));
   }
 
-  multiply(scalar: bigint): RistrettoPoint {
+  multiply(scalar: bigint): RistPoint {
-    return new RistrettoPoint(this.ep.multiply(scalar));
+    return new RistPoint(this.ep.multiply(scalar));
   }
 
-  multiplyUnsafe(scalar: bigint): RistrettoPoint {
+  multiplyUnsafe(scalar: bigint): RistPoint {
-    return new RistrettoPoint(this.ep.multiplyUnsafe(scalar));
+    return new RistPoint(this.ep.multiplyUnsafe(scalar));
+  }
+
+  double(): RistPoint {
+    return new RistPoint(this.ep.double());
+  }
+
+  negate(): RistPoint {
+    return new RistPoint(this.ep.negate());
   }
 }
+export const RistrettoPoint = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => {
+  if (!RistPoint.BASE) RistPoint.BASE = new RistPoint(ed25519.ExtendedPoint.BASE);
+  if (!RistPoint.ZERO) RistPoint.ZERO = new RistPoint(ed25519.ExtendedPoint.ZERO);
+  return RistPoint;
+})();
+
+// Hashing to ristretto255. https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#appendix-B
+export const hashToRistretto255 = (msg: Uint8Array, options: htfBasicOpts) => {
+  const d = options.DST;
+  const DST = typeof d === 'string' ? utf8ToBytes(d) : d;
+  const uniform_bytes = expand_message_xmd(msg, DST, 64, sha512);
+  const P = RistPoint.hashToCurve(uniform_bytes);
+  return P;
+};
+export const hash_to_ristretto255 = hashToRistretto255; // legacy

src/ed448.ts

@@ -1,14 +1,25 @@
 /*! noble-curves - MIT License (c) 2022 Paul Miller (paulmillr.com) */
 import { shake256 } from '@noble/hashes/sha3';
 import { concatBytes, randomBytes, utf8ToBytes, wrapConstructor } from '@noble/hashes/utils';
-import { twistedEdwards } from './abstract/edwards.js';
+import { ExtPointType, twistedEdwards } from './abstract/edwards.js';
-import { mod, pow2, Fp as Field } from './abstract/modular.js';
+import { mod, pow2, Field, isNegativeLE } from './abstract/modular.js';
 import { montgomery } from './abstract/montgomery.js';
-import * as htf from './abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
+import { createHasher, htfBasicOpts, expand_message_xof } from './abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
+import {
+  bytesToHex,
+  bytesToNumberLE,
+  ensureBytes,
+  equalBytes,
+  Hex,
+  numberToBytesLE,
+} from './abstract/utils.js';
+import { AffinePoint, Group } from './abstract/curve.js';
 
 /**
  * Edwards448 (not Ed448-Goldilocks) curve with following addons:
- * * X448 ECDH
+ * - X448 ECDH
+ * - Decaf cofactor elimination
+ * - Elligator hash-to-group / point indistinguishability
  * Conforms to RFC 8032 https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8032.html#section-5.2
  */
 
@@ -18,15 +29,16 @@ const ed448P = BigInt(
   '726838724295606890549323807888004534353641360687318060281490199180612328166730772686396383698676545930088884461843637361053498018365439'
 );
 
+// prettier-ignore
+const _1n = BigInt(1), _2n = BigInt(2), _3n = BigInt(3), _4n = BigInt(4), _11n = BigInt(11);
+// prettier-ignore
+const _22n = BigInt(22), _44n = BigInt(44), _88n = BigInt(88), _223n = BigInt(223);
+
 // powPminus3div4 calculates z = x^k mod p, where k = (p-3)/4.
 // Used for efficient square root calculation.
 // ((P-3)/4).toString(2) would produce bits [223x 1, 0, 222x 1]
 function ed448_pow_Pminus3div4(x: bigint): bigint {
   const P = ed448P;
-  // prettier-ignore
-  const _1n = BigInt(1), _2n = BigInt(2), _3n = BigInt(3), _11n = BigInt(11);
-  // prettier-ignore
-  const _22n = BigInt(22), _44n = BigInt(44), _88n = BigInt(88), _223n = BigInt(223);
   const b2 = (x * x * x) % P;
   const b3 = (b2 * b2 * x) % P;
   const b6 = (pow2(b3, _3n, P) * b3) % P;
@@ -53,6 +65,28 @@ function adjustScalarBytes(bytes: Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
   return bytes;
 }
 
+// Constant-time ratio of u to v. Allows to combine inversion and square root u/√v.
+// Uses algo from RFC8032 5.1.3.
+function uvRatio(u: bigint, v: bigint): { isValid: boolean; value: bigint } {
+  const P = ed448P;
+  // https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8032#section-5.2.3
+  // To compute the square root of (u/v), the first step is to compute the
+  //   candidate root x = (u/v)^((p+1)/4).  This can be done using the
+  // following trick, to use a single modular powering for both the
+  // inversion of v and the square root:
+  // x = (u/v)^((p+1)/4)   = u³v(u⁵v³)^((p-3)/4)   (mod p)
+  const u2v = mod(u * u * v, P); // u²v
+  const u3v = mod(u2v * u, P); // u³v
+  const u5v3 = mod(u3v * u2v * v, P); // u⁵v³
+  const root = ed448_pow_Pminus3div4(u5v3);
+  const x = mod(u3v * root, P);
+  // Verify that root is exists
+  const x2 = mod(x * x, P); // x²
+  // If vx² = u, the recovered x-coordinate is x.  Otherwise, no
+  // square root exists, and the decoding fails.
+  return { isValid: mod(x2 * v, P) === u, value: x };
+}
+
 const Fp = Field(ed448P, 456, true);
 
 const ED448_DEF = {
@@ -62,13 +96,14 @@ const ED448_DEF = {
   d: BigInt(
     '726838724295606890549323807888004534353641360687318060281490199180612328166730772686396383698676545930088884461843637361053498018326358'
   ),
-  // Finite field 𝔽p over which we'll do calculations; 2n ** 448n - 2n ** 224n - 1n
+  // Finite field 𝔽p over which we'll do calculations; 2n**448n - 2n**224n - 1n
   Fp,
   // Subgroup order: how many points curve has;
   // 2n**446n - 13818066809895115352007386748515426880336692474882178609894547503885n
   n: BigInt(
     '181709681073901722637330951972001133588410340171829515070372549795146003961539585716195755291692375963310293709091662304773755859649779'
   ),
+  // RFC 7748 has 56-byte keys, RFC 8032 has 57-byte keys
   nBitLength: 456,
   // Cofactor
   h: BigInt(4),
@@ -93,40 +128,21 @@ const ED448_DEF = {
       data
     );
   },
-
+  uvRatio,
-  // Constant-time ratio of u to v. Allows to combine inversion and square root u/√v.
-  // Uses algo from RFC8032 5.1.3.
-  uvRatio: (u: bigint, v: bigint): { isValid: boolean; value: bigint } => {
-    const P = ed448P;
-    // https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8032#section-5.2.3
-    // To compute the square root of (u/v), the first step is to compute the
-    //   candidate root x = (u/v)^((p+1)/4).  This can be done using the
-    // following trick, to use a single modular powering for both the
-    // inversion of v and the square root:
-    // x = (u/v)^((p+1)/4)   = u³v(u⁵v³)^((p-3)/4)   (mod p)
-    const u2v = mod(u * u * v, P); // u²v
-    const u3v = mod(u2v * u, P); // u³v
-    const u5v3 = mod(u3v * u2v * v, P); // u⁵v³
-    const root = ed448_pow_Pminus3div4(u5v3);
-    const x = mod(u3v * root, P);
-    // Verify that root is exists
-    const x2 = mod(x * x, P); // x²
-    // If vx² = u, the recovered x-coordinate is x.  Otherwise, no
-    // square root exists, and the decoding fails.
-    return { isValid: mod(x2 * v, P) === u, value: x };
-  },
 } as const;
 
-export const ed448 = twistedEdwards(ED448_DEF);
+export const ed448 = /* @__PURE__ */ twistedEdwards(ED448_DEF);
 // NOTE: there is no ed448ctx, since ed448 supports ctx by default
-export const ed448ph = twistedEdwards({ ...ED448_DEF, preHash: shake256_64 });
+export const ed448ph = /* @__PURE__ */ twistedEdwards({ ...ED448_DEF, prehash: shake256_64 });
 
-export const x448 = montgomery({
+export const x448 = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
-  a24: BigInt(39081),
+  montgomery({
+    a: BigInt(156326),
+    // RFC 7748 has 56-byte keys, RFC 8032 has 57-byte keys
     montgomeryBits: 448,
-  nByteLength: 57,
+    nByteLength: 56,
     P: ed448P,
-  Gu: '0500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
+    Gu: BigInt(5),
     powPminus2: (x: bigint): bigint => {
       const P = ed448P;
       const Pminus3div4 = ed448_pow_Pminus3div4(x);
@@ -134,25 +150,30 @@ export const x448 = montgomery({
       return mod(Pminus3 * x, P); // Pminus3 * x = Pminus2
     },
     adjustScalarBytes,
-  // The 4-isogeny maps between the Montgomery curve and this Edwards
+    randomBytes,
-  // curve are:
+  }))();
-  //   (u, v) = (y^2/x^2, (2 - x^2 - y^2)*y/x^3)
+
-  //   (x, y) = (4*v*(u^2 - 1)/(u^4 - 2*u^2 + 4*v^2 + 1),
+/**
-  //             -(u^5 - 2*u^3 - 4*u*v^2 + u)/
+ * Converts edwards448 public key to x448 public key. Uses formula:
-  //             (u^5 - 2*u^2*v^2 - 2*u^3 - 2*v^2 + u))
+ * * `(u, v) = ((y-1)/(y+1), sqrt(156324)*u/x)`
-  // xyToU: (p: PointType) => {
+ * * `(x, y) = (sqrt(156324)*u/v, (1+u)/(1-u))`
-  //   const P = ed448P;
+ * @example
-  //   const { x, y } = p;
+ *   const aPub = ed448.getPublicKey(utils.randomPrivateKey());
-  //   if (x === _0n) throw new Error(`Point with x=0 doesn't have mapping`);
+ *   x448.getSharedSecret(edwardsToMontgomery(aPub), edwardsToMontgomery(someonesPub))
-  //   const invX = invert(x * x, P); // x^2
+ */
-  //   const u = mod(y * y * invX, P); // (y^2/x^2)
+export function edwardsToMontgomeryPub(edwardsPub: string | Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
-  //   return numberToBytesLE(u, 56);
+  const { y } = ed448.ExtendedPoint.fromHex(edwardsPub);
-  // },
+  const _1n = BigInt(1);
-});
+  return Fp.toBytes(Fp.create((y - _1n) * Fp.inv(y + _1n)));
+}
+
+export const edwardsToMontgomery = edwardsToMontgomeryPub; // deprecated
+// TODO: add edwardsToMontgomeryPriv, similar to ed25519 version
 
 // Hash To Curve Elligator2 Map
 const ELL2_C1 = (Fp.ORDER - BigInt(3)) / BigInt(4); // 1. c1 = (q - 3) / 4         # Integer arithmetic
 const ELL2_J = BigInt(156326);
+
 function map_to_curve_elligator2_curve448(u: bigint) {
   let tv1 = Fp.sqr(u); // 1.  tv1 = u^2
   let e1 = Fp.eql(tv1, Fp.ONE); // 2.   e1 = tv1 == 1
@@ -182,6 +203,7 @@ function map_to_curve_elligator2_curve448(u: bigint) {
   y = Fp.cmov(y, Fp.neg(y), e2 !== e3); // 26.   y = CMOV(y, -y, e2 XOR e3)
   return { xn, xd, yn: y, yd: Fp.ONE }; // 27. return (xn, xd, y, 1)
 }
+
 function map_to_curve_elligator2_edwards448(u: bigint) {
   let { xn, xd, yn, yd } = map_to_curve_elligator2_curve448(u); // 1. (xn, xd, yn, yd) = map_to_curve_elligator2_curve448(u)
   let xn2 = Fp.sqr(xn); // 2.  xn2 = xn^2
@@ -194,10 +216,10 @@ function map_to_curve_elligator2_edwards448(u: bigint) {
   xEn = Fp.mul(xEn, xd2); // 9.  xEn = xEn * xd2
   xEn = Fp.mul(xEn, yd); // 10. xEn = xEn * yd
   xEn = Fp.mul(xEn, yn); // 11. xEn = xEn * yn
-  xEn = Fp.mul(xEn, 4n); // 12. xEn = xEn * 4
+  xEn = Fp.mul(xEn, _4n); // 12. xEn = xEn * 4
   tv2 = Fp.mul(tv2, xn2); // 13. tv2 = tv2 * xn2
   tv2 = Fp.mul(tv2, yd2); // 14. tv2 = tv2 * yd2
-  let tv3 = Fp.mul(yn2, 4n); // 15. tv3 = 4 * yn2
+  let tv3 = Fp.mul(yn2, _4n); // 15. tv3 = 4 * yn2
   let tv1 = Fp.add(tv3, yd2); // 16. tv1 = tv3 + yd2
   tv1 = Fp.mul(tv1, xd4); // 17. tv1 = tv1 * xd4
   let xEd = Fp.add(tv1, tv2); // 18. xEd = tv1 + tv2
@@ -225,7 +247,8 @@ function map_to_curve_elligator2_edwards448(u: bigint) {
   return { x: Fp.mul(xEn, inv[0]), y: Fp.mul(yEn, inv[1]) }; // 38. return (xEn, xEd, yEn, yEd)
 }
 
-const { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve } = htf.hashToCurve(
+const htf = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
+  createHasher(
     ed448.ExtendedPoint,
     (scalars: bigint[]) => map_to_curve_elligator2_edwards448(scalars[0]),
     {
@@ -237,5 +260,221 @@ const { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve } = htf.hashToCurve(
       expand: 'xof',
       hash: shake256,
     }
+  ))();
+export const hashToCurve = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => htf.hashToCurve)();
+export const encodeToCurve = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => htf.encodeToCurve)();
+
+function assertDcfPoint(other: unknown) {
+  if (!(other instanceof DcfPoint)) throw new Error('DecafPoint expected');
+}
+
+// 1-d
+const ONE_MINUS_D = BigInt('39082');
+// 1-2d
+const ONE_MINUS_TWO_D = BigInt('78163');
+// √(-d)
+const SQRT_MINUS_D = BigInt(
+  '98944233647732219769177004876929019128417576295529901074099889598043702116001257856802131563896515373927712232092845883226922417596214'
 );
-export { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve };
+// 1 / √(-d)
+const INVSQRT_MINUS_D = BigInt(
+  '315019913931389607337177038330951043522456072897266928557328499619017160722351061360252776265186336876723201881398623946864393857820716'
+);
+// Calculates 1/√(number)
+const invertSqrt = (number: bigint) => uvRatio(_1n, number);
+
+const MAX_448B = BigInt(
+  '0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff'
+);
+const bytes448ToNumberLE = (bytes: Uint8Array) =>
+  ed448.CURVE.Fp.create(bytesToNumberLE(bytes) & MAX_448B);
+
+type ExtendedPoint = ExtPointType;
+
+// Computes Elligator map for Decaf
+// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-ristretto255-decaf448-07#name-element-derivation-2
+function calcElligatorDecafMap(r0: bigint): ExtendedPoint {
+  const { d } = ed448.CURVE;
+  const P = ed448.CURVE.Fp.ORDER;
+  const mod = ed448.CURVE.Fp.create;
+
+  const r = mod(-(r0 * r0)); // 1
+  const u0 = mod(d * (r - _1n)); // 2
+  const u1 = mod((u0 + _1n) * (u0 - r)); // 3
+
+  const { isValid: was_square, value: v } = uvRatio(ONE_MINUS_TWO_D, mod((r + _1n) * u1)); // 4
+
+  let v_prime = v; // 5
+  if (!was_square) v_prime = mod(r0 * v);
+
+  let sgn = _1n; // 6
+  if (!was_square) sgn = mod(-_1n);
+
+  const s = mod(v_prime * (r + _1n)); // 7
+  let s_abs = s;
+  if (isNegativeLE(s, P)) s_abs = mod(-s);
+
+  const s2 = s * s;
+  const W0 = mod(s_abs * _2n); // 8
+  const W1 = mod(s2 + _1n); // 9
+  const W2 = mod(s2 - _1n); // 10
+  const W3 = mod(v_prime * s * (r - _1n) * ONE_MINUS_TWO_D + sgn); // 11
+  return new ed448.ExtendedPoint(mod(W0 * W3), mod(W2 * W1), mod(W1 * W3), mod(W0 * W2));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Each ed448/ExtendedPoint has 4 different equivalent points. This can be
+ * a source of bugs for protocols like ring signatures. Decaf was created to solve this.
+ * Decaf point operates in X:Y:Z:T extended coordinates like ExtendedPoint,
+ * but it should work in its own namespace: do not combine those two.
+ * https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-ristretto255-decaf448
+ */
+class DcfPoint implements Group<DcfPoint> {
+  static BASE: DcfPoint;
+  static ZERO: DcfPoint;
+  // Private property to discourage combining ExtendedPoint + DecafPoint
+  // Always use Decaf encoding/decoding instead.
+  constructor(private readonly ep: ExtendedPoint) {}
+
+  static fromAffine(ap: AffinePoint<bigint>) {
+    return new DcfPoint(ed448.ExtendedPoint.fromAffine(ap));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Takes uniform output of 112-byte hash function like shake256 and converts it to `DecafPoint`.
+   * The hash-to-group operation applies Elligator twice and adds the results.
+   * **Note:** this is one-way map, there is no conversion from point to hash.
+   * https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-ristretto255-decaf448-07#name-element-derivation-2
+   * @param hex 112-byte output of a hash function
+   */
+  static hashToCurve(hex: Hex): DcfPoint {
+    hex = ensureBytes('decafHash', hex, 112);
+    const r1 = bytes448ToNumberLE(hex.slice(0, 56));
+    const R1 = calcElligatorDecafMap(r1);
+    const r2 = bytes448ToNumberLE(hex.slice(56, 112));
+    const R2 = calcElligatorDecafMap(r2);
+    return new DcfPoint(R1.add(R2));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Converts decaf-encoded string to decaf point.
+   * https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-ristretto255-decaf448-07#name-decode-2
+   * @param hex Decaf-encoded 56 bytes. Not every 56-byte string is valid decaf encoding
+   */
+  static fromHex(hex: Hex): DcfPoint {
+    hex = ensureBytes('decafHex', hex, 56);
+    const { d } = ed448.CURVE;
+    const P = ed448.CURVE.Fp.ORDER;
+    const mod = ed448.CURVE.Fp.create;
+    const emsg = 'DecafPoint.fromHex: the hex is not valid encoding of DecafPoint';
+    const s = bytes448ToNumberLE(hex);
+
+    // 1. Check that s_bytes is the canonical encoding of a field element, or else abort.
+    // 2. Check that s is non-negative, or else abort
+    if (!equalBytes(numberToBytesLE(s, 56), hex) || isNegativeLE(s, P)) throw new Error(emsg);
+
+    const s2 = mod(s * s); // 1
+    const u1 = mod(_1n + s2); // 2
+    const u1sq = mod(u1 * u1);
+    const u2 = mod(u1sq - _4n * d * s2); // 3
+
+    const { isValid, value: invsqrt } = invertSqrt(mod(u2 * u1sq)); // 4
+
+    let u3 = mod((s + s) * invsqrt * u1 * SQRT_MINUS_D); // 5
+    if (isNegativeLE(u3, P)) u3 = mod(-u3);
+
+    const x = mod(u3 * invsqrt * u2 * INVSQRT_MINUS_D); // 6
+    const y = mod((_1n - s2) * invsqrt * u1); // 7
+    const t = mod(x * y); // 8
+
+    if (!isValid) throw new Error(emsg);
+    return new DcfPoint(new ed448.ExtendedPoint(x, y, _1n, t));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Encodes decaf point to Uint8Array.
+   * https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-ristretto255-decaf448-07#name-encode-2
+   */
+  toRawBytes(): Uint8Array {
+    let { ex: x, ey: _y, ez: z, et: t } = this.ep;
+    const P = ed448.CURVE.Fp.ORDER;
+    const mod = ed448.CURVE.Fp.create;
+
+    const u1 = mod(mod(x + t) * mod(x - t)); // 1
+    const x2 = mod(x * x);
+    const { value: invsqrt } = invertSqrt(mod(u1 * ONE_MINUS_D * x2)); // 2
+
+    let ratio = mod(invsqrt * u1 * SQRT_MINUS_D); // 3
+    if (isNegativeLE(ratio, P)) ratio = mod(-ratio);
+
+    const u2 = mod(INVSQRT_MINUS_D * ratio * z - t); // 4
+
+    let s = mod(ONE_MINUS_D * invsqrt * x * u2); // 5
+    if (isNegativeLE(s, P)) s = mod(-s);
+
+    return numberToBytesLE(s, 56);
+  }
+
+  toHex(): string {
+    return bytesToHex(this.toRawBytes());
+  }
+
+  toString(): string {
+    return this.toHex();
+  }
+
+  // Compare one point to another.
+  // https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-ristretto255-decaf448-07#name-equals-2
+  equals(other: DcfPoint): boolean {
+    assertDcfPoint(other);
+    const { ex: X1, ey: Y1 } = this.ep;
+    const { ex: X2, ey: Y2 } = other.ep;
+    const mod = ed448.CURVE.Fp.create;
+    // (x1 * y2 == y1 * x2)
+    return mod(X1 * Y2) === mod(Y1 * X2);
+  }
+
+  add(other: DcfPoint): DcfPoint {
+    assertDcfPoint(other);
+    return new DcfPoint(this.ep.add(other.ep));
+  }
+
+  subtract(other: DcfPoint): DcfPoint {
+    assertDcfPoint(other);
+    return new DcfPoint(this.ep.subtract(other.ep));
+  }
+
+  multiply(scalar: bigint): DcfPoint {
+    return new DcfPoint(this.ep.multiply(scalar));
+  }
+
+  multiplyUnsafe(scalar: bigint): DcfPoint {
+    return new DcfPoint(this.ep.multiplyUnsafe(scalar));
+  }
+
+  double(): DcfPoint {
+    return new DcfPoint(this.ep.double());
+  }
+
+  negate(): DcfPoint {
+    return new DcfPoint(this.ep.negate());
+  }
+}
+
+export const DecafPoint = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => {
+  // decaf448 base point is ed448 base x 2
+  // https://github.com/dalek-cryptography/curve25519-dalek/blob/59837c6ecff02b77b9d5ff84dbc239d0cf33ef90/vendor/ristretto.sage#L699
+  if (!DcfPoint.BASE) DcfPoint.BASE = new DcfPoint(ed448.ExtendedPoint.BASE).multiply(_2n);
+  if (!DcfPoint.ZERO) DcfPoint.ZERO = new DcfPoint(ed448.ExtendedPoint.ZERO);
+  return DcfPoint;
+})();
+
+// Hashing to decaf448. https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#appendix-C
+export const hashToDecaf448 = (msg: Uint8Array, options: htfBasicOpts) => {
+  const d = options.DST;
+  const DST = typeof d === 'string' ? utf8ToBytes(d) : d;
+  const uniform_bytes = expand_message_xof(msg, DST, 112, 224, shake256);
+  const P = DcfPoint.hashToCurve(uniform_bytes);
+  return P;
+};
+export const hash_to_decaf448 = hashToDecaf448; // legacy

src/jubjub.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { sha512 } from '@noble/hashes/sha512';
 import { concatBytes, randomBytes, utf8ToBytes } from '@noble/hashes/utils';
 import { twistedEdwards } from './abstract/edwards.js';
 import { blake2s } from '@noble/hashes/blake2s';
-import { Fp } from './abstract/modular.js';
+import { Field } from './abstract/modular.js';
 
 /**
  * jubjub Twisted Edwards curve.
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ import { Fp } from './abstract/modular.js';
  * jubjub does not use EdDSA, so `hash`/sha512 params are passed because interface expects them.
  */
 
-export const jubjub = twistedEdwards({
+export const jubjub = /* @__PURE__ */ twistedEdwards({
   // Params: a, d
   a: BigInt('0x73eda753299d7d483339d80809a1d80553bda402fffe5bfeffffffff00000000'),
   d: BigInt('0x2a9318e74bfa2b48f5fd9207e6bd7fd4292d7f6d37579d2601065fd6d6343eb1'),
   // Finite field 𝔽p over which we'll do calculations
   // Same value as bls12-381 Fr (not Fp)
-  Fp: Fp(BigInt('0x73eda753299d7d483339d80809a1d80553bda402fffe5bfeffffffff00000001')),
+  Fp: Field(BigInt('0x73eda753299d7d483339d80809a1d80553bda402fffe5bfeffffffff00000001')),
   // Subgroup order: how many points curve has
   n: BigInt('0xe7db4ea6533afa906673b0101343b00a6682093ccc81082d0970e5ed6f72cb7'),
   // Cofactor

src/p192.ts

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-/*! noble-curves - MIT License (c) 2022 Paul Miller (paulmillr.com) */
-import { createCurve } from './_shortw_utils.js';
-import { sha256 } from '@noble/hashes/sha256';
-import { Fp } from './abstract/modular.js';
-
-// NIST secp192r1 aka P192
-// https://www.secg.org/sec2-v2.pdf, https://neuromancer.sk/std/secg/secp192r1
-export const P192 = createCurve(
-  {
-    // Params: a, b
-    a: BigInt('0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffefffffffffffffffc'),
-    b: BigInt('0x64210519e59c80e70fa7e9ab72243049feb8deecc146b9b1'),
-    // Field over which we'll do calculations; 2n ** 192n - 2n ** 64n - 1n
-    Fp: Fp(BigInt('0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffeffffffffffffffff')),
-    // Curve order, total count of valid points in the field.
-    n: BigInt('0xffffffffffffffffffffffff99def836146bc9b1b4d22831'),
-    // Base point (x, y) aka generator point
-    Gx: BigInt('0x188da80eb03090f67cbf20eb43a18800f4ff0afd82ff1012'),
-    Gy: BigInt('0x07192b95ffc8da78631011ed6b24cdd573f977a11e794811'),
-    h: BigInt(1),
-    lowS: false,
-  } as const,
-  sha256
-);
-export const secp192r1 = P192;

src/p224.ts

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-/*! noble-curves - MIT License (c) 2022 Paul Miller (paulmillr.com) */
-import { createCurve } from './_shortw_utils.js';
-import { sha224 } from '@noble/hashes/sha256';
-import { Fp } from './abstract/modular.js';
-
-// NIST secp224r1 aka P224
-// https://www.secg.org/sec2-v2.pdf, https://neuromancer.sk/std/nist/P-224
-export const P224 = createCurve(
-  {
-    // Params: a, b
-    a: BigInt('0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffefffffffffffffffffffffffe'),
-    b: BigInt('0xb4050a850c04b3abf54132565044b0b7d7bfd8ba270b39432355ffb4'),
-    // Field over which we'll do calculations;
-    Fp: Fp(BigInt('0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff000000000000000000000001')),
-    // Curve order, total count of valid points in the field
-    n: BigInt('0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffff16a2e0b8f03e13dd29455c5c2a3d'),
-    // Base point (x, y) aka generator point
-    Gx: BigInt('0xb70e0cbd6bb4bf7f321390b94a03c1d356c21122343280d6115c1d21'),
-    Gy: BigInt('0xbd376388b5f723fb4c22dfe6cd4375a05a07476444d5819985007e34'),
-    h: BigInt(1),
-    lowS: false,
-  } as const,
-  sha224
-);
-export const secp224r1 = P224;

src/p256.ts

@@ -1,46 +1,41 @@
 /*! noble-curves - MIT License (c) 2022 Paul Miller (paulmillr.com) */
 import { createCurve } from './_shortw_utils.js';
 import { sha256 } from '@noble/hashes/sha256';
-import { Fp as Field } from './abstract/modular.js';
+import { Field } from './abstract/modular.js';
 import { mapToCurveSimpleSWU } from './abstract/weierstrass.js';
-import * as htf from './abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
+import { createHasher } from './abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
 
-// NIST secp256r1 aka P256
+// NIST secp256r1 aka p256
 // https://www.secg.org/sec2-v2.pdf, https://neuromancer.sk/std/nist/P-256
 
-// Field over which we'll do calculations; 2n**224n * (2n**32n-1n) + 2n**192n + 2n**96n-1n
 const Fp = Field(BigInt('0xffffffff00000001000000000000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffff'));
 const CURVE_A = Fp.create(BigInt('-3'));
 const CURVE_B = BigInt('0x5ac635d8aa3a93e7b3ebbd55769886bc651d06b0cc53b0f63bce3c3e27d2604b');
 
-const mapSWU = mapToCurveSimpleSWU(Fp, {
+// prettier-ignore
-  A: CURVE_A,
+export const p256 = createCurve({
-  B: CURVE_B,
+  a: CURVE_A, // Equation params: a, b
-  Z: Fp.create(BigInt('-10')),
-});
-
-export const P256 = createCurve(
-  {
-    // Params: a, b
-    a: CURVE_A,
   b: CURVE_B,
-    Fp,
+  Fp, // Field: 2n**224n * (2n**32n-1n) + 2n**192n + 2n**96n-1n
   // Curve order, total count of valid points in the field
   n: BigInt('0xffffffff00000000ffffffffffffffffbce6faada7179e84f3b9cac2fc632551'),
-    // Base point (x, y) aka generator point
+  // Base (generator) point (x, y)
   Gx: BigInt('0x6b17d1f2e12c4247f8bce6e563a440f277037d812deb33a0f4a13945d898c296'),
   Gy: BigInt('0x4fe342e2fe1a7f9b8ee7eb4a7c0f9e162bce33576b315ececbb6406837bf51f5'),
   h: BigInt(1),
   lowS: false,
-  } as const,
+} as const, sha256);
-  sha256
+export const secp256r1 = p256;
-);
-export const secp256r1 = P256;
 
-const { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve } = htf.hashToCurve(
+const mapSWU = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
-  secp256r1.ProjectivePoint,
+  mapToCurveSimpleSWU(Fp, {
-  (scalars: bigint[]) => mapSWU(scalars[0]),
+    A: CURVE_A,
-  {
+    B: CURVE_B,
+    Z: Fp.create(BigInt('-10')),
+  }))();
+
+const htf = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
+  createHasher(secp256r1.ProjectivePoint, (scalars: bigint[]) => mapSWU(scalars[0]), {
     DST: 'P256_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_RO_',
     encodeDST: 'P256_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_NU_',
     p: Fp.ORDER,
@@ -48,6 +43,6 @@ const { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve } = htf.hashToCurve(
     k: 128,
     expand: 'xmd',
     hash: sha256,
-  }
+  }))();
-);
+export const hashToCurve = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => htf.hashToCurve)();
-export { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve };
+export const encodeToCurve = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => htf.encodeToCurve)();

src/p384.ts

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 /*! noble-curves - MIT License (c) 2022 Paul Miller (paulmillr.com) */
 import { createCurve } from './_shortw_utils.js';
 import { sha384 } from '@noble/hashes/sha512';
-import { Fp as Field } from './abstract/modular.js';
+import { Field } from './abstract/modular.js';
 import { mapToCurveSimpleSWU } from './abstract/weierstrass.js';
-import * as htf from './abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
+import { createHasher } from './abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
 
-// NIST secp384r1 aka P384
+// NIST secp384r1 aka p384
 // https://www.secg.org/sec2-v2.pdf, https://neuromancer.sk/std/nist/P-384
 
-// Field over which we'll do calculations. 2n**384n - 2n**128n - 2n**96n + 2n**32n - 1n
+// Field over which we'll do calculations.
 // prettier-ignore
 const P = BigInt('0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffeffffffff0000000000000000ffffffff');
 const Fp = Field(P);
@@ -16,35 +16,30 @@ const CURVE_A = Fp.create(BigInt('-3'));
 // prettier-ignore
 const CURVE_B = BigInt('0xb3312fa7e23ee7e4988e056be3f82d19181d9c6efe8141120314088f5013875ac656398d8a2ed19d2a85c8edd3ec2aef');
 
-const mapSWU = mapToCurveSimpleSWU(Fp, {
-  A: CURVE_A,
-  B: CURVE_B,
-  Z: Fp.create(BigInt('-12')),
-});
-
 // prettier-ignore
-export const P384 = createCurve({
+export const p384 = createCurve({
-    // Params: a, b
+  a: CURVE_A, // Equation params: a, b
-    a: CURVE_A,
   b: CURVE_B,
-    // Field over which we'll do calculations. 2n**384n - 2n**128n - 2n**96n + 2n**32n - 1n
+  Fp, // Field: 2n**384n - 2n**128n - 2n**96n + 2n**32n - 1n
-    Fp,
   // Curve order, total count of valid points in the field.
   n: BigInt('0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffc7634d81f4372ddf581a0db248b0a77aecec196accc52973'),
-    // Base point (x, y) aka generator point
+  // Base (generator) point (x, y)
   Gx: BigInt('0xaa87ca22be8b05378eb1c71ef320ad746e1d3b628ba79b9859f741e082542a385502f25dbf55296c3a545e3872760ab7'),
   Gy: BigInt('0x3617de4a96262c6f5d9e98bf9292dc29f8f41dbd289a147ce9da3113b5f0b8c00a60b1ce1d7e819d7a431d7c90ea0e5f'),
   h: BigInt(1),
   lowS: false,
-  } as const,
+} as const, sha384);
-  sha384
+export const secp384r1 = p384;
-);
-export const secp384r1 = P384;
 
-const { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve } = htf.hashToCurve(
+const mapSWU = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
-  secp384r1.ProjectivePoint,
+  mapToCurveSimpleSWU(Fp, {
-  (scalars: bigint[]) => mapSWU(scalars[0]),
+    A: CURVE_A,
-  {
+    B: CURVE_B,
+    Z: Fp.create(BigInt('-12')),
+  }))();
+
+const htf = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
+  createHasher(secp384r1.ProjectivePoint, (scalars: bigint[]) => mapSWU(scalars[0]), {
     DST: 'P384_XMD:SHA-384_SSWU_RO_',
     encodeDST: 'P384_XMD:SHA-384_SSWU_NU_',
     p: Fp.ORDER,
@@ -52,6 +47,6 @@ const { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve } = htf.hashToCurve(
     k: 192,
     expand: 'xmd',
     hash: sha384,
-  }
+  }))();
-);
+export const hashToCurve = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => htf.hashToCurve)();
-export { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve };
+export const encodeToCurve = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => htf.encodeToCurve)();

src/p521.ts

@@ -1,50 +1,61 @@
 /*! noble-curves - MIT License (c) 2022 Paul Miller (paulmillr.com) */
 import { createCurve } from './_shortw_utils.js';
 import { sha512 } from '@noble/hashes/sha512';
-import { Fp as Field } from './abstract/modular.js';
+import { Field } from './abstract/modular.js';
 import { mapToCurveSimpleSWU } from './abstract/weierstrass.js';
-import * as htf from './abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
+import { createHasher } from './abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
 
-// NIST secp521r1 aka P521
+// NIST secp521r1 aka p521
 // Note that it's 521, which differs from 512 of its hash function.
 // https://www.secg.org/sec2-v2.pdf, https://neuromancer.sk/std/nist/P-521
 
-// Field over which we'll do calculations; 2n**521n - 1n
+// Field over which we'll do calculations.
 // prettier-ignore
 const P = BigInt('0x1ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff');
 const Fp = Field(P);
 
-const CURVE_A = Fp.create(BigInt('-3'));
+const CURVE = {
-// prettier-ignore
+  a: Fp.create(BigInt('-3')),
-const CURVE_B = BigInt('0x0051953eb9618e1c9a1f929a21a0b68540eea2da725b99b315f3b8b489918ef109e156193951ec7e937b1652c0bd3bb1bf073573df883d2c34f1ef451fd46b503f00');
+  b: BigInt(
-
+    '0x0051953eb9618e1c9a1f929a21a0b68540eea2da725b99b315f3b8b489918ef109e156193951ec7e937b1652c0bd3bb1bf073573df883d2c34f1ef451fd46b503f00'
-const mapSWU = mapToCurveSimpleSWU(Fp, {
+  ),
-  A: CURVE_A,
-  B: CURVE_B,
-  Z: Fp.create(BigInt('-4')),
-});
-
-// prettier-ignore
-export const P521 = createCurve({
-  // Params: a, b
-  a: CURVE_A,
-  b: CURVE_B,
   Fp,
-  // Curve order, total count of valid points in the field
+  n: BigInt(
-  n: BigInt('0x01fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffa51868783bf2f966b7fcc0148f709a5d03bb5c9b8899c47aebb6fb71e91386409'),
+    '0x01fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffa51868783bf2f966b7fcc0148f709a5d03bb5c9b8899c47aebb6fb71e91386409'
-  // Base point (x, y) aka generator point
+  ),
-  Gx: BigInt('0x00c6858e06b70404e9cd9e3ecb662395b4429c648139053fb521f828af606b4d3dbaa14b5e77efe75928fe1dc127a2ffa8de3348b3c1856a429bf97e7e31c2e5bd66'),
+  Gx: BigInt(
-  Gy: BigInt('0x011839296a789a3bc0045c8a5fb42c7d1bd998f54449579b446817afbd17273e662c97ee72995ef42640c550b9013fad0761353c7086a272c24088be94769fd16650'),
+    '0x00c6858e06b70404e9cd9e3ecb662395b4429c648139053fb521f828af606b4d3dbaa14b5e77efe75928fe1dc127a2ffa8de3348b3c1856a429bf97e7e31c2e5bd66'
+  ),
+  Gy: BigInt(
+    '0x011839296a789a3bc0045c8a5fb42c7d1bd998f54449579b446817afbd17273e662c97ee72995ef42640c550b9013fad0761353c7086a272c24088be94769fd16650'
+  ),
   h: BigInt(1),
+};
+
+// prettier-ignore
+export const p521 = createCurve({
+  a: CURVE.a, // Equation params: a, b
+  b: CURVE.b,
+  Fp, // Field: 2n**521n - 1n
+  // Curve order, total count of valid points in the field
+  n: CURVE.n,
+  Gx: CURVE.Gx, // Base point (x, y) aka generator point
+  Gy: CURVE.Gy,
+  h: CURVE.h,
   lowS: false,
   allowedPrivateKeyLengths: [130, 131, 132] // P521 keys are variable-length. Normalize to 132b
 } as const, sha512);
-export const secp521r1 = P521;
+export const secp521r1 = p521;
 
-const { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve } = htf.hashToCurve(
+const mapSWU = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
-  secp521r1.ProjectivePoint,
+  mapToCurveSimpleSWU(Fp, {
-  (scalars: bigint[]) => mapSWU(scalars[0]),
+    A: CURVE.a,
-  {
+    B: CURVE.b,
+    Z: Fp.create(BigInt('-4')),
+  }))();
+
+const htf = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
+  createHasher(secp521r1.ProjectivePoint, (scalars: bigint[]) => mapSWU(scalars[0]), {
     DST: 'P521_XMD:SHA-512_SSWU_RO_',
     encodeDST: 'P521_XMD:SHA-512_SSWU_NU_',
     p: Fp.ORDER,
@@ -52,6 +63,6 @@ const { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve } = htf.hashToCurve(
     k: 256,
     expand: 'xmd',
     hash: sha512,
-  }
+  }))();
-);
+export const hashToCurve = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => htf.hashToCurve)();
-export { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve };
+export const encodeToCurve = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => htf.encodeToCurve)();

src/package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "type": "module"
+}

src/pasta.ts

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ export const q = BigInt('0x40000000000000000000000000000000224698fc0994a8dd8c46e
 export const pallas = weierstrass({
   a: BigInt(0),
   b: BigInt(5),
-  Fp: mod.Fp(p),
+  Fp: mod.Field(p),
   n: q,
   Gx: mod.mod(BigInt(-1), p),
   Gy: BigInt(2),
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ export const pallas = weierstrass({
 export const vesta = weierstrass({
   a: BigInt(0),
   b: BigInt(5),
-  Fp: mod.Fp(q),
+  Fp: mod.Field(q),
   n: p,
   Gx: mod.mod(BigInt(-1), q),
   Gy: BigInt(2),

src/secp256k1.ts

@@ -1,26 +1,12 @@
 /*! noble-curves - MIT License (c) 2022 Paul Miller (paulmillr.com) */
 import { sha256 } from '@noble/hashes/sha256';
-import { Fp as Field, mod, pow2 } from './abstract/modular.js';
-import { createCurve } from './_shortw_utils.js';
-import { ProjPointType as PointType, mapToCurveSimpleSWU } from './abstract/weierstrass.js';
-import {
-  ensureBytes,
-  concatBytes,
-  Hex,
-  bytesToNumberBE as bytesToInt,
-  PrivKey,
-  numberToBytesBE,
-} from './abstract/utils.js';
 import { randomBytes } from '@noble/hashes/utils';
-import * as htf from './abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
+import { Field, mod, pow2 } from './abstract/modular.js';
-
+import { ProjPointType as PointType, mapToCurveSimpleSWU } from './abstract/weierstrass.js';
-/**
+import type { Hex, PrivKey } from './abstract/utils.js';
- * secp256k1 belongs to Koblitz curves: it has efficiently computable endomorphism.
+import { bytesToNumberBE, concatBytes, ensureBytes, numberToBytesBE } from './abstract/utils.js';
- * Endomorphism uses 2x less RAM, speeds up precomputation by 2x and ECDH / key recovery by 20%.
+import { createHasher, isogenyMap } from './abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
- * Should always be used for Projective's double-and-add multiplication.
+import { createCurve } from './_shortw_utils.js';
- * For affines cached multiplication, it trades off 1/2 init time & 1/3 ram for 20% perf hit.
- * https://gist.github.com/paulmillr/eb670806793e84df628a7c434a873066
- */
 
 const secp256k1P = BigInt('0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffefffffc2f');
 const secp256k1N = BigInt('0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffebaaedce6af48a03bbfd25e8cd0364141');
@@ -57,27 +43,25 @@ function sqrtMod(y: bigint): bigint {
 }
 
 const Fp = Field(secp256k1P, undefined, undefined, { sqrt: sqrtMod });
-type Fp = bigint;
 
 export const secp256k1 = createCurve(
   {
-    // Params: a, b
+    a: BigInt(0), // equation params: a, b
-    // Seem to be rigid https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=289795.msg3183975#msg3183975
+    b: BigInt(7), // Seem to be rigid: bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=289795.msg3183975#msg3183975
-    a: BigInt(0),
+    Fp, // Field's prime: 2n**256n - 2n**32n - 2n**9n - 2n**8n - 2n**7n - 2n**6n - 2n**4n - 1n
-    b: BigInt(7),
+    n: secp256k1N, // Curve order, total count of valid points in the field
-    // Field over which we'll do calculations;
-    // 2n**256n - 2n**32n - 2n**9n - 2n**8n - 2n**7n - 2n**6n - 2n**4n - 1n
-    Fp,
-    // Curve order, total count of valid points in the field
-    n: secp256k1N,
     // Base point (x, y) aka generator point
     Gx: BigInt('55066263022277343669578718895168534326250603453777594175500187360389116729240'),
     Gy: BigInt('32670510020758816978083085130507043184471273380659243275938904335757337482424'),
-    h: BigInt(1),
+    h: BigInt(1), // Cofactor
-    // Alllow only low-S signatures by default in sign() and verify()
+    lowS: true, // Allow only low-S signatures by default in sign() and verify()
-    lowS: true,
+    /**
+     * secp256k1 belongs to Koblitz curves: it has efficiently computable endomorphism.
+     * Endomorphism uses 2x less RAM, speeds up precomputation by 2x and ECDH / key recovery by 20%.
+     * For precomputed wNAF it trades off 1/2 init time & 1/3 ram for 20% perf hit.
+     * Explanation: https://gist.github.com/paulmillr/eb670806793e84df628a7c434a873066
+     */
     endo: {
-      // Params taken from https://gist.github.com/paulmillr/eb670806793e84df628a7c434a873066
       beta: BigInt('0x7ae96a2b657c07106e64479eac3434e99cf0497512f58995c1396c28719501ee'),
       splitScalar: (k: bigint) => {
         const n = secp256k1N;
@@ -105,19 +89,11 @@ export const secp256k1 = createCurve(
   sha256
 );
 
-// Schnorr signatures are superior to ECDSA from above.
+// Schnorr signatures are superior to ECDSA from above. Below is Schnorr-specific BIP0340 code.
-// Below is Schnorr-specific code as per BIP0340.
 // https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0340.mediawiki
 const _0n = BigInt(0);
 const fe = (x: bigint) => typeof x === 'bigint' && _0n < x && x < secp256k1P;
 const ge = (x: bigint) => typeof x === 'bigint' && _0n < x && x < secp256k1N;
-
-const TAGS = {
-  challenge: 'BIP0340/challenge',
-  aux: 'BIP0340/aux',
-  nonce: 'BIP0340/nonce',
-} as const;
-
 /** An object mapping tags to their tagged hash prefix of [SHA256(tag) | SHA256(tag)] */
 const TAGGED_HASH_PREFIXES: { [tag: string]: Uint8Array } = {};
 function taggedHash(tag: string, ...messages: Uint8Array[]): Uint8Array {
@@ -130,56 +106,70 @@ function taggedHash(tag: string, ...messages: Uint8Array[]): Uint8Array {
   return sha256(concatBytes(tagP, ...messages));
 }
 
+// ECDSA compact points are 33-byte. Schnorr is 32: we strip first byte 0x02 or 0x03
 const pointToBytes = (point: PointType<bigint>) => point.toRawBytes(true).slice(1);
 const numTo32b = (n: bigint) => numberToBytesBE(n, 32);
+const modP = (x: bigint) => mod(x, secp256k1P);
 const modN = (x: bigint) => mod(x, secp256k1N);
 const Point = secp256k1.ProjectivePoint;
 const GmulAdd = (Q: PointType<bigint>, a: bigint, b: bigint) =>
   Point.BASE.multiplyAndAddUnsafe(Q, a, b);
-const hex32ToInt = (key: Hex) => bytesToInt(ensureBytes(key, 32));
+
+// Calculate point, scalar and bytes
 function schnorrGetExtPubKey(priv: PrivKey) {
-  let d = typeof priv === 'bigint' ? priv : hex32ToInt(priv);
+  let d_ = secp256k1.utils.normPrivateKeyToScalar(priv); // same method executed in fromPrivateKey
-  const point = Point.fromPrivateKey(d); // P = d'⋅G; 0 < d' < n check is done inside
+  let p = Point.fromPrivateKey(d_); // P = d'⋅G; 0 < d' < n check is done inside
-  const scalar = point.hasEvenY() ? d : modN(-d); // d = d' if has_even_y(P), otherwise d = n-d'
+  const scalar = p.hasEvenY() ? d_ : modN(-d_);
-  return { point, scalar, bytes: pointToBytes(point) };
+  return { scalar: scalar, bytes: pointToBytes(p) };
 }
+/**
+ * lift_x from BIP340. Convert 32-byte x coordinate to elliptic curve point.
+ * @returns valid point checked for being on-curve
+ */
 function lift_x(x: bigint): PointType<bigint> {
   if (!fe(x)) throw new Error('bad x: need 0 < x < p'); // Fail if x ≥ p.
-  const c = mod(x * x * x + BigInt(7), secp256k1P); // Let c = x³ + 7 mod p.
+  const xx = modP(x * x);
+  const c = modP(xx * x + BigInt(7)); // Let c = x³ + 7 mod p.
   let y = sqrtMod(c); // Let y = c^(p+1)/4 mod p.
-  if (y % 2n !== 0n) y = mod(-y, secp256k1P); // Return the unique point P such that x(P) = x and
+  if (y % _2n !== _0n) y = modP(-y); // Return the unique point P such that x(P) = x and
   const p = new Point(x, y, _1n); // y(P) = y if y mod 2 = 0 or y(P) = p-y otherwise.
   p.assertValidity();
   return p;
 }
+/**
+ * Create tagged hash, convert it to bigint, reduce modulo-n.
+ */
 function challenge(...args: Uint8Array[]): bigint {
-  return modN(bytesToInt(taggedHash(TAGS.challenge, ...args)));
+  return modN(bytesToNumberBE(taggedHash('BIP0340/challenge', ...args)));
 }
 
-// Schnorr's pubkey is just `x` of Point (BIP340)
+/**
+ * Schnorr public key is just `x` coordinate of Point as per BIP340.
+ */
 function schnorrGetPublicKey(privateKey: Hex): Uint8Array {
   return schnorrGetExtPubKey(privateKey).bytes; // d'=int(sk). Fail if d'=0 or d'≥n. Ret bytes(d'⋅G)
 }
 
-// Creates Schnorr signature as per BIP340. Verifies itself before returning anything.
+/**
-// auxRand is optional and is not the sole source of k generation: bad CSPRNG won't be dangerous
+ * Creates Schnorr signature as per BIP340. Verifies itself before returning anything.
+ * auxRand is optional and is not the sole source of k generation: bad CSPRNG won't be dangerous.
+ */
 function schnorrSign(
   message: Hex,
   privateKey: PrivKey,
   auxRand: Hex = randomBytes(32)
 ): Uint8Array {
-  if (message == null) throw new Error(`sign: Expected valid message, not "${message}"`);
+  const m = ensureBytes('message', message);
-  const m = ensureBytes(message); // checks for isWithinCurveOrder
+  const { bytes: px, scalar: d } = schnorrGetExtPubKey(privateKey); // checks for isWithinCurveOrder
-  const { bytes: px, scalar: d } = schnorrGetExtPubKey(privateKey);
+  const a = ensureBytes('auxRand', auxRand, 32); // Auxiliary random data a: a 32-byte array
-  const a = ensureBytes(auxRand, 32); // Auxiliary random data a: a 32-byte array
+  const t = numTo32b(d ^ bytesToNumberBE(taggedHash('BIP0340/aux', a))); // Let t be the byte-wise xor of bytes(d) and hash/aux(a)
-  const t = numTo32b(d ^ bytesToInt(taggedHash(TAGS.aux, a))); // Let t be the byte-wise xor of bytes(d) and hash/aux(a)
+  const rand = taggedHash('BIP0340/nonce', t, px, m); // Let rand = hash/nonce(t || bytes(P) || m)
-  const rand = taggedHash(TAGS.nonce, t, px, m); // Let rand = hash/nonce(t || bytes(P) || m)
+  const k_ = modN(bytesToNumberBE(rand)); // Let k' = int(rand) mod n
-  const k_ = modN(bytesToInt(rand)); // Let k' = int(rand) mod n
   if (k_ === _0n) throw new Error('sign failed: k is zero'); // Fail if k' = 0.
-  const { point: R, bytes: rx, scalar: k } = schnorrGetExtPubKey(k_); // Let R = k'⋅G.
+  const { bytes: rx, scalar: k } = schnorrGetExtPubKey(k_); // Let R = k'⋅G.
   const e = challenge(rx, px, m); // Let e = int(hash/challenge(bytes(R) || bytes(P) || m)) mod n.
   const sig = new Uint8Array(64); // Let sig = bytes(R) || bytes((k + ed) mod n).
-  sig.set(numTo32b(R.px), 0);
+  sig.set(rx, 0);
   sig.set(numTo32b(modN(k + e * d)), 32);
   // If Verify(bytes(P), m, sig) (see below) returns failure, abort
   if (!schnorrVerify(sig, m, px)) throw new Error('sign: Invalid signature produced');
@@ -187,18 +177,20 @@ function schnorrSign(
 }
 
 /**
- * Verifies Schnorr signature synchronously.
+ * Verifies Schnorr signature.
+ * Will swallow errors & return false except for initial type validation of arguments.
  */
 function schnorrVerify(signature: Hex, message: Hex, publicKey: Hex): boolean {
+  const sig = ensureBytes('signature', signature, 64);
+  const m = ensureBytes('message', message);
+  const pub = ensureBytes('publicKey', publicKey, 32);
   try {
-    const P = lift_x(hex32ToInt(publicKey)); // P = lift_x(int(pk)); fail if that fails
+    const P = lift_x(bytesToNumberBE(pub)); // P = lift_x(int(pk)); fail if that fails
-    const sig = ensureBytes(signature, 64);
+    const r = bytesToNumberBE(sig.subarray(0, 32)); // Let r = int(sig[0:32]); fail if r ≥ p.
-    const r = bytesToInt(sig.subarray(0, 32)); // Let r = int(sig[0:32]); fail if r ≥ p.
     if (!fe(r)) return false;
-    const s = bytesToInt(sig.subarray(32, 64)); // Let s = int(sig[32:64]); fail if s ≥ n.
+    const s = bytesToNumberBE(sig.subarray(32, 64)); // Let s = int(sig[32:64]); fail if s ≥ n.
     if (!ge(s)) return false;
-    const m = ensureBytes(message);
+    const e = challenge(numTo32b(r), pointToBytes(P), m); // int(challenge(bytes(r)||bytes(P)||m))%n
-    const e = challenge(numTo32b(r), pointToBytes(P), m); // int(challenge(bytes(r)||bytes(P)||m)) mod n
     const R = GmulAdd(P, s, modN(-e)); // R = s⋅G - e⋅P
     if (!R || !R.hasEvenY() || R.toAffine().x !== r) return false; // -eP == (n-e)P
     return true; // Fail if is_infinite(R) / not has_even_y(R) / x(R) ≠ r.
@@ -207,22 +199,23 @@ function schnorrVerify(signature: Hex, message: Hex, publicKey: Hex): boolean {
   }
 }
 
-export const schnorr = {
+export const schnorr = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => ({
   getPublicKey: schnorrGetPublicKey,
   sign: schnorrSign,
   verify: schnorrVerify,
   utils: {
-    getExtendedPublicKey: schnorrGetExtPubKey,
+    randomPrivateKey: secp256k1.utils.randomPrivateKey,
     lift_x,
     pointToBytes,
     numberToBytesBE,
-    bytesToNumberBE: bytesToInt,
+    bytesToNumberBE,
     taggedHash,
     mod,
   },
-};
+}))();
 
-const isoMap = htf.isogenyMap(
+const isoMap = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
+  isogenyMap(
     Fp,
     [
       // xNum
@@ -252,14 +245,16 @@ const isoMap = htf.isogenyMap(
         '0x6484aa716545ca2cf3a70c3fa8fe337e0a3d21162f0d6299a7bf8192bfd2a76f',
         '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001', // LAST 1
       ],
-  ].map((i) => i.map((j) => BigInt(j))) as [Fp[], Fp[], Fp[], Fp[]]
+    ].map((i) => i.map((j) => BigInt(j))) as [bigint[], bigint[], bigint[], bigint[]]
-);
+  ))();
-const mapSWU = mapToCurveSimpleSWU(Fp, {
+const mapSWU = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
+  mapToCurveSimpleSWU(Fp, {
     A: BigInt('0x3f8731abdd661adca08a5558f0f5d272e953d363cb6f0e5d405447c01a444533'),
     B: BigInt('1771'),
     Z: Fp.create(BigInt('-11')),
-});
+  }))();
-const { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve } = htf.hashToCurve(
+const htf = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
+  createHasher(
     secp256k1.ProjectivePoint,
     (scalars: bigint[]) => {
       const { x, y } = mapSWU(Fp.create(scalars[0]));
@@ -274,5 +269,6 @@ const { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve } = htf.hashToCurve(
       expand: 'xmd',
       hash: sha256,
     }
-);
+  ))();
-export { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve };
+export const hashToCurve = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => htf.hashToCurve)();
+export const encodeToCurve = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => htf.encodeToCurve)();

src/stark.ts

@@ -1,356 +0,0 @@
-/*! noble-curves - MIT License (c) 2022 Paul Miller (paulmillr.com) */
-import { keccak_256 } from '@noble/hashes/sha3';
-import { sha256 } from '@noble/hashes/sha256';
-import { weierstrass, ProjPointType } from './abstract/weierstrass.js';
-import * as cutils from './abstract/utils.js';
-import { Fp, mod, Field, validateField } from './abstract/modular.js';
-import { getHash } from './_shortw_utils.js';
-import * as poseidon from './abstract/poseidon.js';
-import { utf8ToBytes } from '@noble/hashes/utils';
-
-type ProjectivePoint = ProjPointType<bigint>;
-// Stark-friendly elliptic curve
-// https://docs.starkware.co/starkex/stark-curve.html
-
-const CURVE_N = BigInt(
-  '3618502788666131213697322783095070105526743751716087489154079457884512865583'
-);
-const nBitLength = 252;
-// Copy-pasted from weierstrass.ts
-function bits2int(bytes: Uint8Array): bigint {
-  const delta = bytes.length * 8 - nBitLength;
-  const num = cutils.bytesToNumberBE(bytes);
-  return delta > 0 ? num >> BigInt(delta) : num;
-}
-function bits2int_modN(bytes: Uint8Array): bigint {
-  return mod(bits2int(bytes), CURVE_N);
-}
-export const starkCurve = weierstrass({
-  // Params: a, b
-  a: BigInt(1),
-  b: BigInt('3141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307816406665'),
-  // Field over which we'll do calculations; 2n**251n + 17n * 2n**192n + 1n
-  // There is no efficient sqrt for field (P%4==1)
-  Fp: Fp(BigInt('0x800000000000011000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001')),
-  // Curve order, total count of valid points in the field.
-  n: CURVE_N,
-  nBitLength: nBitLength, // len(bin(N).replace('0b',''))
-  // Base point (x, y) aka generator point
-  Gx: BigInt('874739451078007766457464989774322083649278607533249481151382481072868806602'),
-  Gy: BigInt('152666792071518830868575557812948353041420400780739481342941381225525861407'),
-  h: BigInt(1),
-  // Default options
-  lowS: false,
-  ...getHash(sha256),
-  // Custom truncation routines for stark curve
-  bits2int: (bytes: Uint8Array): bigint => {
-    while (bytes[0] === 0) bytes = bytes.subarray(1);
-    return bits2int(bytes);
-  },
-  bits2int_modN: (bytes: Uint8Array): bigint => {
-    let hashS = cutils.bytesToNumberBE(bytes).toString(16);
-    if (hashS.length === 63) {
-      hashS += '0';
-      bytes = hexToBytes0x(hashS);
-    }
-    // Truncate zero bytes on left (compat with elliptic)
-    while (bytes[0] === 0) bytes = bytes.subarray(1);
-    return bits2int_modN(bytes);
-  },
-});
-
-// Custom Starknet type conversion functions that can handle 0x and unpadded hex
-function hexToBytes0x(hex: string): Uint8Array {
-  if (typeof hex !== 'string') {
-    throw new Error('hexToBytes: expected string, got ' + typeof hex);
-  }
-  hex = strip0x(hex);
-  if (hex.length & 1) hex = '0' + hex; // padding
-  if (hex.length % 2) throw new Error('hexToBytes: received invalid unpadded hex ' + hex.length);
-  const array = new Uint8Array(hex.length / 2);
-  for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
-    const j = i * 2;
-    const hexByte = hex.slice(j, j + 2);
-    const byte = Number.parseInt(hexByte, 16);
-    if (Number.isNaN(byte) || byte < 0) throw new Error('Invalid byte sequence');
-    array[i] = byte;
-  }
-  return array;
-}
-function hexToNumber0x(hex: string): bigint {
-  if (typeof hex !== 'string') {
-    throw new Error('hexToNumber: expected string, got ' + typeof hex);
-  }
-  // Big Endian
-  // TODO: strip vs no strip?
-  return BigInt(`0x${strip0x(hex)}`);
-}
-function bytesToNumber0x(bytes: Uint8Array): bigint {
-  return hexToNumber0x(cutils.bytesToHex(bytes));
-}
-function ensureBytes0x(hex: Hex): Uint8Array {
-  // Uint8Array.from() instead of hash.slice() because node.js Buffer
-  // is instance of Uint8Array, and its slice() creates **mutable** copy
-  return hex instanceof Uint8Array ? Uint8Array.from(hex) : hexToBytes0x(hex);
-}
-
-function normalizePrivateKey(privKey: Hex) {
-  return cutils.bytesToHex(ensureBytes0x(privKey)).padStart(64, '0');
-}
-function getPublicKey0x(privKey: Hex, isCompressed = false) {
-  return starkCurve.getPublicKey(normalizePrivateKey(privKey), isCompressed);
-}
-function getSharedSecret0x(privKeyA: Hex, pubKeyB: Hex) {
-  return starkCurve.getSharedSecret(normalizePrivateKey(privKeyA), pubKeyB);
-}
-
-function sign0x(msgHash: Hex, privKey: Hex, opts?: any) {
-  if (typeof privKey === 'string') privKey = strip0x(privKey).padStart(64, '0');
-  return starkCurve.sign(ensureBytes0x(msgHash), normalizePrivateKey(privKey), opts);
-}
-function verify0x(signature: Hex, msgHash: Hex, pubKey: Hex) {
-  const sig = signature instanceof Signature ? signature : ensureBytes0x(signature);
-  return starkCurve.verify(sig, ensureBytes0x(msgHash), ensureBytes0x(pubKey));
-}
-
-const { CURVE, ProjectivePoint, Signature } = starkCurve;
-export const utils = starkCurve.utils;
-export {
-  CURVE,
-  Signature,
-  ProjectivePoint,
-  getPublicKey0x as getPublicKey,
-  getSharedSecret0x as getSharedSecret,
-  sign0x as sign,
-  verify0x as verify,
-};
-
-const stripLeadingZeros = (s: string) => s.replace(/^0+/gm, '');
-export const bytesToHexEth = (uint8a: Uint8Array): string =>
-  `0x${stripLeadingZeros(cutils.bytesToHex(uint8a))}`;
-export const strip0x = (hex: string) => hex.replace(/^0x/i, '');
-export const numberToHexEth = (num: bigint | number) => `0x${num.toString(16)}`;
-
-// We accept hex strings besides Uint8Array for simplicity
-type Hex = Uint8Array | string;
-
-// 1. seed generation
-function hashKeyWithIndex(key: Uint8Array, index: number) {
-  let indexHex = cutils.numberToHexUnpadded(index);
-  if (indexHex.length & 1) indexHex = '0' + indexHex;
-  return sha256Num(cutils.concatBytes(key, hexToBytes0x(indexHex)));
-}
-
-export function grindKey(seed: Hex) {
-  const _seed = ensureBytes0x(seed);
-  const sha256mask = 2n ** 256n;
-
-  const limit = sha256mask - mod(sha256mask, CURVE_N);
-  for (let i = 0; ; i++) {
-    const key = hashKeyWithIndex(_seed, i);
-    // key should be in [0, limit)
-    if (key < limit) return mod(key, CURVE_N).toString(16);
-  }
-}
-
-export function getStarkKey(privateKey: Hex) {
-  return bytesToHexEth(getPublicKey0x(privateKey, true).slice(1));
-}
-
-export function ethSigToPrivate(signature: string) {
-  signature = strip0x(signature.replace(/^0x/, ''));
-  if (signature.length !== 130) throw new Error('Wrong ethereum signature');
-  return grindKey(signature.substring(0, 64));
-}
-
-const MASK_31 = 2n ** 31n - 1n;
-const int31 = (n: bigint) => Number(n & MASK_31);
-export function getAccountPath(
-  layer: string,
-  application: string,
-  ethereumAddress: string,
-  index: number
-) {
-  const layerNum = int31(sha256Num(layer));
-  const applicationNum = int31(sha256Num(application));
-  const eth = hexToNumber0x(ethereumAddress);
-  return `m/2645'/${layerNum}'/${applicationNum}'/${int31(eth)}'/${int31(eth >> 31n)}'/${index}`;
-}
-
-// https://docs.starkware.co/starkex/pedersen-hash-function.html
-const PEDERSEN_POINTS_AFFINE = [
-  new ProjectivePoint(
-    2089986280348253421170679821480865132823066470938446095505822317253594081284n,
-    1713931329540660377023406109199410414810705867260802078187082345529207694986n,
-    1n
-  ),
-  new ProjectivePoint(
-    996781205833008774514500082376783249102396023663454813447423147977397232763n,
-    1668503676786377725805489344771023921079126552019160156920634619255970485781n,
-    1n
-  ),
-  new ProjectivePoint(
-    2251563274489750535117886426533222435294046428347329203627021249169616184184n,
-    1798716007562728905295480679789526322175868328062420237419143593021674992973n,
-    1n
-  ),
-  new ProjectivePoint(
-    2138414695194151160943305727036575959195309218611738193261179310511854807447n,
-    113410276730064486255102093846540133784865286929052426931474106396135072156n,
-    1n
-  ),
-  new ProjectivePoint(
-    2379962749567351885752724891227938183011949129833673362440656643086021394946n,
-    776496453633298175483985398648758586525933812536653089401905292063708816422n,
-    1n
-  ),
-];
-// for (const p of PEDERSEN_POINTS) p._setWindowSize(8);
-const PEDERSEN_POINTS = PEDERSEN_POINTS_AFFINE;
-
-function pedersenPrecompute(p1: ProjectivePoint, p2: ProjectivePoint): ProjectivePoint[] {
-  const out: ProjectivePoint[] = [];
-  let p = p1;
-  for (let i = 0; i < 248; i++) {
-    out.push(p);
-    p = p.double();
-  }
-  // NOTE: we cannot use wNAF here, because last 4 bits will require full 248 bits multiplication
-  // We can add support for this to wNAF, but it will complicate wNAF.
-  p = p2;
-  for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-    out.push(p);
-    p = p.double();
-  }
-  return out;
-}
-const PEDERSEN_POINTS1 = pedersenPrecompute(PEDERSEN_POINTS[1], PEDERSEN_POINTS[2]);
-const PEDERSEN_POINTS2 = pedersenPrecompute(PEDERSEN_POINTS[3], PEDERSEN_POINTS[4]);
-
-type PedersenArg = Hex | bigint | number;
-function pedersenArg(arg: PedersenArg): bigint {
-  let value: bigint;
-  if (typeof arg === 'bigint') value = arg;
-  else if (typeof arg === 'number') {
-    if (!Number.isSafeInteger(arg)) throw new Error(`Invalid pedersenArg: ${arg}`);
-    value = BigInt(arg);
-  } else value = bytesToNumber0x(ensureBytes0x(arg));
-  // [0..Fp)
-  if (!(0n <= value && value < starkCurve.CURVE.Fp.ORDER))
-    throw new Error(`PedersenArg should be 0 <= value < CURVE.P: ${value}`);
-  return value;
-}
-
-function pedersenSingle(point: ProjectivePoint, value: PedersenArg, constants: ProjectivePoint[]) {
-  let x = pedersenArg(value);
-  for (let j = 0; j < 252; j++) {
-    const pt = constants[j];
-    if (pt.px === point.px) throw new Error('Same point');
-    if ((x & 1n) !== 0n) point = point.add(pt);
-    x >>= 1n;
-  }
-  return point;
-}
-
-// shift_point + x_low * P_0 + x_high * P1 + y_low * P2  + y_high * P3
-export function pedersen(x: PedersenArg, y: PedersenArg) {
-  let point: ProjectivePoint = PEDERSEN_POINTS[0];
-  point = pedersenSingle(point, x, PEDERSEN_POINTS1);
-  point = pedersenSingle(point, y, PEDERSEN_POINTS2);
-  return bytesToHexEth(point.toRawBytes(true).slice(1));
-}
-
-export function hashChain(data: PedersenArg[], fn = pedersen) {
-  if (!Array.isArray(data) || data.length < 1)
-    throw new Error('data should be array of at least 1 element');
-  if (data.length === 1) return numberToHexEth(pedersenArg(data[0]));
-  return Array.from(data)
-    .reverse()
-    .reduce((acc, i) => fn(i, acc));
-}
-// Same as hashChain, but computes hash even for single element and order is not revesed
-export const computeHashOnElements = (data: PedersenArg[], fn = pedersen) =>
-  [0, ...data, data.length].reduce((x, y) => fn(x, y));
-
-const MASK_250 = cutils.bitMask(250);
-export const keccak = (data: Uint8Array): bigint => bytesToNumber0x(keccak_256(data)) & MASK_250;
-const sha256Num = (data: Uint8Array | string): bigint => cutils.bytesToNumberBE(sha256(data));
-
-// Poseidon hash
-export const Fp253 = Fp(
-  BigInt('14474011154664525231415395255581126252639794253786371766033694892385558855681')
-); // 2^253 + 2^199 + 1
-export const Fp251 = Fp(
-  BigInt('3618502788666131213697322783095070105623107215331596699973092056135872020481')
-); // 2^251 + 17 * 2^192 + 1
-
-function poseidonRoundConstant(Fp: Field<bigint>, name: string, idx: number) {
-  const val = Fp.fromBytes(sha256(utf8ToBytes(`${name}${idx}`)));
-  return Fp.create(val);
-}
-
-// NOTE: doesn't check eiginvalues and possible can create unsafe matrix. But any filtration here will break compatibility with starknet
-// Please use only if you really know what you doing.
-// https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/458.pdf Section 2.3 (Avoiding Insecure Matrices)
-export function _poseidonMDS(Fp: Field<bigint>, name: string, m: number, attempt = 0) {
-  const x_values: bigint[] = [];
-  const y_values: bigint[] = [];
-  for (let i = 0; i < m; i++) {
-    x_values.push(poseidonRoundConstant(Fp, `${name}x`, attempt * m + i));
-    y_values.push(poseidonRoundConstant(Fp, `${name}y`, attempt * m + i));
-  }
-  if (new Set([...x_values, ...y_values]).size !== 2 * m)
-    throw new Error('X and Y values are not distinct');
-  return x_values.map((x) => y_values.map((y) => Fp.inv(Fp.sub(x, y))));
-}
-
-const MDS_SMALL = [
-  [3, 1, 1],
-  [1, -1, 1],
-  [1, 1, -2],
-].map((i) => i.map(BigInt));
-
-export type PoseidonOpts = {
-  Fp: Field<bigint>;
-  rate: number;
-  capacity: number;
-  roundsFull: number;
-  roundsPartial: number;
-};
-
-export function poseidonBasic(opts: PoseidonOpts, mds: bigint[][]) {
-  validateField(opts.Fp);
-  if (!Number.isSafeInteger(opts.rate) || !Number.isSafeInteger(opts.capacity))
-    throw new Error(`Wrong poseidon opts: ${opts}`);
-  const m = opts.rate + opts.capacity;
-  const rounds = opts.roundsFull + opts.roundsPartial;
-  const roundConstants = [];
-  for (let i = 0; i < rounds; i++) {
-    const row = [];
-    for (let j = 0; j < m; j++) row.push(poseidonRoundConstant(opts.Fp, 'Hades', m * i + j));
-    roundConstants.push(row);
-  }
-  return poseidon.poseidon({
-    ...opts,
-    t: m,
-    sboxPower: 3,
-    reversePartialPowIdx: true, // Why?!
-    mds,
-    roundConstants,
-  });
-}
-
-export function poseidonCreate(opts: PoseidonOpts, mdsAttempt = 0) {
-  const m = opts.rate + opts.capacity;
-  if (!Number.isSafeInteger(mdsAttempt)) throw new Error(`Wrong mdsAttempt=${mdsAttempt}`);
-  return poseidonBasic(opts, _poseidonMDS(opts.Fp, 'HadesMDS', m, mdsAttempt));
-}
-
-export const poseidonSmall = poseidonBasic(
-  { Fp: Fp251, rate: 2, capacity: 1, roundsFull: 8, roundsPartial: 83 },
-  MDS_SMALL
-);
-
-export function poseidonHash(x: bigint, y: bigint, fn = poseidonSmall) {
-  return fn([x, y, 2n])[0];
-}

test/_more-curves.helpers.js

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*! noble-curves - MIT License (c) 2022 Paul Miller (paulmillr.com) */
+import { createCurve } from '../esm/_shortw_utils.js';
+import { sha224, sha256 } from '@noble/hashes/sha256';
+import { Field as Fp } from '../esm/abstract/modular.js';
+
+// NIST secp192r1 aka p192
+// https://www.secg.org/sec2-v2.pdf, https://neuromancer.sk/std/secg/secp192r1
+export const p192 = createCurve(
+  {
+    // Params: a, b
+    a: BigInt('0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffefffffffffffffffc'),
+    b: BigInt('0x64210519e59c80e70fa7e9ab72243049feb8deecc146b9b1'),
+    // Field over which we'll do calculations; 2n ** 192n - 2n ** 64n - 1n
+    Fp: Fp(BigInt('0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffeffffffffffffffff')),
+    // Curve order, total count of valid points in the field.
+    n: BigInt('0xffffffffffffffffffffffff99def836146bc9b1b4d22831'),
+    // Base point (x, y) aka generator point
+    Gx: BigInt('0x188da80eb03090f67cbf20eb43a18800f4ff0afd82ff1012'),
+    Gy: BigInt('0x07192b95ffc8da78631011ed6b24cdd573f977a11e794811'),
+    h: BigInt(1),
+    lowS: false,
+  },
+  sha256
+);
+export const secp192r1 = p192;
+
+export const p224 = createCurve(
+  {
+    // Params: a, b
+    a: BigInt('0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffefffffffffffffffffffffffe'),
+    b: BigInt('0xb4050a850c04b3abf54132565044b0b7d7bfd8ba270b39432355ffb4'),
+    // Field over which we'll do calculations;
+    Fp: Fp(BigInt('0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff000000000000000000000001')),
+    // Curve order, total count of valid points in the field
+    n: BigInt('0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffff16a2e0b8f03e13dd29455c5c2a3d'),
+    // Base point (x, y) aka generator point
+    Gx: BigInt('0xb70e0cbd6bb4bf7f321390b94a03c1d356c21122343280d6115c1d21'),
+    Gy: BigInt('0xbd376388b5f723fb4c22dfe6cd4375a05a07476444d5819985007e34'),
+    h: BigInt(1),
+    lowS: false,
+  },
+  sha224
+);
+export const secp224r1 = p224;

test/_poseidon.helpers.js

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/*! noble-curves - MIT License (c) 2022 Paul Miller (paulmillr.com) */
+import { sha256 } from '@noble/hashes/sha256';
+import { utf8ToBytes } from '@noble/hashes/utils';
+import { Field as Fp, validateField } from '../esm/abstract/modular.js';
+import { poseidon } from '../esm/abstract/poseidon.js';
+import * as u from '../esm/abstract/utils.js';
+
+// Poseidon hash https://docs.starkware.co/starkex/stark-curve.html
+export const Fp253 = Fp(
+  BigInt('14474011154664525231415395255581126252639794253786371766033694892385558855681')
+); // 2^253 + 2^199 + 1
+export const Fp251 = Fp(
+  BigInt('3618502788666131213697322783095070105623107215331596699973092056135872020481')
+); // 2^251 + 17 * 2^192 + 1
+
+function poseidonRoundConstant(Fp, name, idx) {
+  const val = Fp.fromBytes(sha256(utf8ToBytes(`${name}${idx}`)));
+  return Fp.create(val);
+}
+
+// NOTE: doesn't check eiginvalues and possible can create unsafe matrix. But any filtration here will break compatibility with starknet
+// Please use only if you really know what you doing.
+// https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/458.pdf Section 2.3 (Avoiding Insecure Matrices)
+export function _poseidonMDS(Fp, name, m, attempt = 0) {
+  const x_values = [];
+  const y_values = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < m; i++) {
+    x_values.push(poseidonRoundConstant(Fp, `${name}x`, attempt * m + i));
+    y_values.push(poseidonRoundConstant(Fp, `${name}y`, attempt * m + i));
+  }
+  if (new Set([...x_values, ...y_values]).size !== 2 * m)
+    throw new Error('X and Y values are not distinct');
+  return x_values.map((x) => y_values.map((y) => Fp.inv(Fp.sub(x, y))));
+}
+
+const MDS_SMALL = [
+  [3, 1, 1],
+  [1, -1, 1],
+  [1, 1, -2],
+].map((i) => i.map(BigInt));
+
+export function poseidonBasic(opts, mds) {
+  validateField(opts.Fp);
+  if (!Number.isSafeInteger(opts.rate) || !Number.isSafeInteger(opts.capacity))
+    throw new Error(`Wrong poseidon opts: ${opts}`);
+  const m = opts.rate + opts.capacity;
+  const rounds = opts.roundsFull + opts.roundsPartial;
+  const roundConstants = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < rounds; i++) {
+    const row = [];
+    for (let j = 0; j < m; j++) row.push(poseidonRoundConstant(opts.Fp, 'Hades', m * i + j));
+    roundConstants.push(row);
+  }
+  const res = poseidon({
+    ...opts,
+    t: m,
+    sboxPower: 3,
+    reversePartialPowIdx: true, // Why?!
+    mds,
+    roundConstants,
+  });
+  res.m = m;
+  res.rate = opts.rate;
+  res.capacity = opts.capacity;
+  return res;
+}
+
+export function poseidonCreate(opts, mdsAttempt = 0) {
+  const m = opts.rate + opts.capacity;
+  if (!Number.isSafeInteger(mdsAttempt)) throw new Error(`Wrong mdsAttempt=${mdsAttempt}`);
+  return poseidonBasic(opts, _poseidonMDS(opts.Fp, 'HadesMDS', m, mdsAttempt));
+}
+
+export const poseidonSmall = poseidonBasic(
+  { Fp: Fp251, rate: 2, capacity: 1, roundsFull: 8, roundsPartial: 83 },
+  MDS_SMALL
+);
+
+export function poseidonHash(x, y, fn = poseidonSmall) {
+  return fn([x, y, 2n])[0];
+}
+
+export function poseidonHashFunc(x, y, fn = poseidonSmall) {
+  return u.numberToVarBytesBE(poseidonHash(u.bytesToNumberBE(x), u.bytesToNumberBE(y), fn));
+}
+
+export function poseidonHashSingle(x, fn = poseidonSmall) {
+  return fn([x, 0n, 1n])[0];
+}
+
+export function poseidonHashMany(values, fn = poseidonSmall) {
+  const { m, rate } = fn;
+  if (!Array.isArray(values)) throw new Error('bigint array expected in values');
+  const padded = Array.from(values); // copy
+  padded.push(1n);
+  while (padded.length % rate !== 0) padded.push(0n);
+  let state = new Array(m).fill(0n);
+  for (let i = 0; i < padded.length; i += rate) {
+    for (let j = 0; j < rate; j++) state[j] += padded[i + j];
+    state = fn(state);
+  }
+  return state[0];
+}

test/basic.test.js

@@ -1,22 +1,24 @@
 import { deepStrictEqual, throws } from 'assert';
 import { should, describe } from 'micro-should';
 import * as fc from 'fast-check';
-import * as mod from '../lib/esm/abstract/modular.js';
+import * as mod from '../esm/abstract/modular.js';
-import { bytesToHex as toHex } from '../lib/esm/abstract/utils.js';
+import { bytesToHex as toHex } from '../esm/abstract/utils.js';
 // Generic tests for all curves in package
-import { secp192r1 } from '../lib/esm/p192.js';
+import { secp192r1, secp224r1 } from './_more-curves.helpers.js';
-import { secp224r1 } from '../lib/esm/p224.js';
+import { secp256r1 } from '../esm/p256.js';
-import { secp256r1 } from '../lib/esm/p256.js';
+import { secp384r1 } from '../esm/p384.js';
-import { secp384r1 } from '../lib/esm/p384.js';
+import { secp521r1 } from '../esm/p521.js';
-import { secp521r1 } from '../lib/esm/p521.js';
+import { secp256k1 } from '../esm/secp256k1.js';
-import { secp256k1 } from '../lib/esm/secp256k1.js';
+import { ed25519, ed25519ctx, ed25519ph, x25519 } from '../esm/ed25519.js';
-import { ed25519, ed25519ctx, ed25519ph, x25519 } from '../lib/esm/ed25519.js';
+import { ed448, ed448ph } from '../esm/ed448.js';
-import { ed448, ed448ph } from '../lib/esm/ed448.js';
+import { pallas, vesta } from '../esm/pasta.js';
-import { starkCurve } from '../lib/esm/stark.js';
+import { bn254 } from '../esm/bn254.js';
-import { pallas, vesta } from '../lib/esm/pasta.js';
+import { jubjub } from '../esm/jubjub.js';
-import { bn254 } from '../lib/esm/bn.js';
+import { bls12_381 } from '../esm/bls12-381.js';
-import { jubjub } from '../lib/esm/jubjub.js';
+import { default as wyche_curves } from './wycheproof/ec_prime_order_curves_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-import { bls12_381 } from '../lib/esm/bls12-381.js';
+import { createCurve } from '../esm/_shortw_utils.js';
+import { Field } from '../esm/abstract/modular.js';
+import { sha256 } from '@noble/hashes/sha256';
 
 // Fields tests
 const FIELDS = {
@@ -25,7 +27,6 @@ const FIELDS = {
   secp256r1: { Fp: [secp256r1.CURVE.Fp] },
   secp521r1: { Fp: [secp521r1.CURVE.Fp] },
   secp256k1: { Fp: [secp256k1.CURVE.Fp] },
-  stark: { Fp: [starkCurve.CURVE.Fp] },
   jubjub: { Fp: [jubjub.CURVE.Fp] },
   ed25519: { Fp: [ed25519.CURVE.Fp] },
   ed448: { Fp: [ed448.CURVE.Fp] },
@@ -33,19 +34,19 @@ const FIELDS = {
   pallas: { Fp: [pallas.CURVE.Fp] },
   vesta: { Fp: [vesta.CURVE.Fp] },
   bls12: {
-    Fp: [bls12_381.CURVE.Fp],
+    Fp: [bls12_381.fields.Fp],
     Fp2: [
-      bls12_381.CURVE.Fp2,
+      bls12_381.fields.Fp2,
-      fc.array(fc.bigInt(1n, bls12_381.CURVE.Fp.ORDER - 1n), {
+      fc.array(fc.bigInt(1n, bls12_381.fields.Fp.ORDER - 1n), {
         minLength: 2,
         maxLength: 2,
       }),
       (Fp2, num) => Fp2.fromBigTuple([num[0], num[1]]),
     ],
-    // Fp6: [bls12_381.CURVE.Fp6],
+    // Fp6: [bls12_381.fields.Fp6],
     Fp12: [
-      bls12_381.CURVE.Fp12,
+      bls12_381.fields.Fp12,
-      fc.array(fc.bigInt(1n, bls12_381.CURVE.Fp.ORDER - 1n), {
+      fc.array(fc.bigInt(1n, bls12_381.fields.Fp.ORDER - 1n), {
         minLength: 12,
         maxLength: 12,
       }),
@@ -224,7 +225,7 @@ for (const c in FIELDS) {
 
       const isSquare = mod.FpIsSquare(Fp);
       // Not implemented
-      if (Fp !== bls12_381.CURVE.Fp12) {
+      if (Fp !== bls12_381.fields.Fp12) {
         should('multiply/sqrt', () => {
           fc.assert(
             fc.property(FC_BIGINT, (num) => {
@@ -315,7 +316,6 @@ const CURVES = {
   secp256k1,
   ed25519, ed25519ctx, ed25519ph,
   ed448, ed448ph,
-  starkCurve,
   pallas, vesta,
   bn254,
   jubjub,
@@ -557,6 +557,7 @@ for (const name in CURVES) {
     });
   }
   describe(name, () => {
+    if (['bn254', 'pallas', 'vesta'].includes(name)) return;
     // Generic complex things (getPublicKey/sign/verify/getSharedSecret)
     should('.getPublicKey() type check', () => {
       throws(() => C.getPublicKey(0), '0');
@@ -745,6 +746,54 @@ should('bigInt private keys', () => {
   secp256k1.sign('', 123n);
 });
 
+describe('wycheproof curve creation', () => {
+  const VECTORS = wyche_curves.testGroups[0].tests;
+  for (const v of VECTORS) {
+    should(`${v.name}`, () => {
+      const CURVE = createCurve(
+        {
+          Fp: Field(BigInt(`0x${v.p}`)),
+          a: BigInt(`0x${v.a}`),
+          b: BigInt(`0x${v.b}`),
+          n: BigInt(`0x${v.n}`),
+          h: BigInt(v.h),
+          Gx: BigInt(`0x${v.gx}`),
+          Gy: BigInt(`0x${v.gy}`),
+        },
+        sha256
+      );
+    });
+    const CURVE = CURVES[v.name];
+    if (!CURVE) continue;
+    should(`${v.name} parms verify`, () => {
+      deepStrictEqual(CURVE.CURVE.Fp.ORDER, BigInt(`0x${v.p}`));
+      deepStrictEqual(CURVE.CURVE.a, BigInt(`0x${v.a}`));
+      deepStrictEqual(CURVE.CURVE.b, BigInt(`0x${v.b}`));
+      deepStrictEqual(CURVE.CURVE.n, BigInt(`0x${v.n}`));
+      deepStrictEqual(CURVE.CURVE.Gx, BigInt(`0x${v.gx}`));
+      deepStrictEqual(CURVE.CURVE.Gy, BigInt(`0x${v.gy}`));
+      deepStrictEqual(CURVE.CURVE.h, BigInt(v.h));
+    });
+  }
+});
+
+should('validate generator point is on curve', () => {
+  throws(() =>
+    createCurve(
+      {
+        Fp: Field(BigInt(`0x00c302f41d932a36cda7a3463093d18db78fce476de1a86297`)),
+        a: BigInt(`0x00c302f41d932a36cda7a3463093d18db78fce476de1a86294`),
+        b: BigInt(`0x13d56ffaec78681e68f9deb43b35bec2fb68542e27897b79`),
+        n: BigInt(`0x00c302f41d932a36cda7a3462f9e9e916b5be8f1029ac4acc1`),
+        h: BigInt(1),
+        Gx: BigInt(`0x3ae9e58c82f63c30282e1fe7bbf43fa72c446af6f4618129`),
+        Gy: BigInt(`0x097e2c5667c2223a902ab5ca449d0084b7e5b3de7ccc01c8`), // last 9 -> 8
+      },
+      sha256
+    )
+  );
+});
+
 // ESM is broken.
 import url from 'url';
 if (import.meta.url === url.pathToFileURL(process.argv[1]).href) {

test/bls12-381.test.js

@@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
-import { bls12_381 } from '../lib/esm/bls12-381.js';
-import { describe, should } from 'micro-should';
 import { deepStrictEqual, notDeepStrictEqual, throws } from 'assert';
-import { sha512 } from '@noble/hashes/sha512';
 import * as fc from 'fast-check';
 import { readFileSync } from 'fs';
+import { describe, should } from 'micro-should';
+import { wNAF } from '../esm/abstract/curve.js';
+import { bytesToHex, utf8ToBytes } from '../esm/abstract/utils.js';
+import { hash_to_field } from '../esm/abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
+import { bls12_381 as bls, bls12_381 } from '../esm/bls12-381.js';
+
+import * as utils from '../esm/abstract/utils.js';
+
 import zkVectors from './bls12-381/zkcrypto/converted.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 import pairingVectors from './bls12-381/go_pairing_vectors/pairing.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-import { wNAF } from '../lib/esm/abstract/curve.js';
+const G1_VECTORS = readFileSync('./test/bls12-381/bls12-381-g1-test-vectors.txt', 'utf-8')
-const bls = bls12_381;
+  .trim()
-const { Fp2 } = bls;
+  .split('\n')
-const G1Point = bls.G1.ProjectivePoint;
+  .map((l) => l.split(':'));
-const G2Point = bls.G2.ProjectivePoint;
-const G1Aff = (x, y) => G1Point.fromAffine({ x, y });
-
 const G2_VECTORS = readFileSync('./test/bls12-381/bls12-381-g2-test-vectors.txt', 'utf-8')
   .trim()
   .split('\n')
@@ -28,8 +30,10 @@ const SCALAR_VECTORS = readFileSync('./test/bls12-381/bls12-381-scalar-test-vect
 const NUM_RUNS = Number(process.env.RUNS_COUNT || 10); // reduce to 1 to shorten test time
 fc.configureGlobal({ numRuns: NUM_RUNS });
 
-// @ts-ignore
+const G1Point = bls.G1.ProjectivePoint;
-const CURVE_ORDER = bls.CURVE.r;
+const G2Point = bls.G2.ProjectivePoint;
+const G1Aff = (x, y) => G1Point.fromAffine({ x, y });
+const CURVE_ORDER = bls.params.r;
 
 const FC_MSG = fc.hexaString({ minLength: 64, maxLength: 64 });
 const FC_MSG_5 = fc.array(FC_MSG, { minLength: 5, maxLength: 5 });
@@ -39,14 +43,19 @@ const B_192_40 = '40'.padEnd(192, '0');
 const B_384_40 = '40'.padEnd(384, '0'); // [0x40, 0, 0...]
 
 const getPubKey = (priv) => bls.getPublicKey(priv);
+function replaceZeroPoint(item) {
+  const zeros = '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000';
+  const ones = '1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001';
+  return item === zeros ? ones : item;
+}
 
 function equal(a, b, comment) {
   deepStrictEqual(a.equals(b), true, `eq(${comment})`);
 }
+const { Fp, Fp2 } = bls.fields;
 
 // Fp
 describe('bls12-381 Fp', () => {
-  const Fp = bls.Fp;
   const FC_BIGINT = fc.bigInt(1n, Fp.ORDER - 1n);
 
   should('multiply/sqrt', () => {
@@ -61,8 +70,7 @@ describe('bls12-381 Fp', () => {
 
 // Fp2
 describe('bls12-381 Fp2', () => {
-  const Fp = bls.Fp;
+  const { Fp, Fp2 } = bls.fields;
-  const Fp2 = bls.Fp2;
   const FC_BIGINT = fc.bigInt(1n, Fp.ORDER - 1n);
   const FC_BIGINT_2 = fc.array(FC_BIGINT, { minLength: 2, maxLength: 2 });
 
@@ -150,7 +158,7 @@ describe('bls12-381 Fp2', () => {
 
 // Point
 describe('bls12-381 Point', () => {
-  const Fp = bls.Fp;
+  const { Fp } = bls.fields;
   const FC_BIGINT = fc.bigInt(1n, Fp.ORDER - 1n);
   const PointG1 = G1Point;
   const PointG2 = G2Point;
@@ -558,9 +566,12 @@ describe('bls12-381 Point', () => {
     ];
     // Use wNAF allow scalars higher than CURVE.r
     const w = wNAF(G2Point, 1);
+    const hEff = BigInt(
+      '0xbc69f08f2ee75b3584c6a0ea91b352888e2a8e9145ad7689986ff031508ffe1329c2f178731db956d82bf015d1212b02ec0ec69d7477c1ae954cbc06689f6a359894c0adebbf6b4e8020005aaa95551'
+    );
     for (let p of points) {
       const ours = p.clearCofactor();
-      const shouldBe = w.unsafeLadder(p, bls.CURVE.G2.hEff);
+      const shouldBe = w.unsafeLadder(p, hEff);
       deepStrictEqual(ours.equals(shouldBe), true, 'clearLast');
     }
   });
@@ -578,12 +589,12 @@ describe('bls12-381/basic', () => {
     deepStrictEqual(g1.x, G1Point.ZERO.x);
     deepStrictEqual(g1.y, G1Point.ZERO.y);
     // Test Non-Zero
-    const x = bls.Fp.create(
+    const x = Fp.create(
       BigInt(
         '0x17f1d3a73197d7942695638c4fa9ac0fc3688c4f9774b905a14e3a3f171bac586c55e83ff97a1aeffb3af00adb22c6bb'
       )
     );
-    const y = bls.Fp.create(
+    const y = Fp.create(
       BigInt(
         '0x08b3f481e3aaa0f1a09e30ed741d8ae4fcf5e095d5d00af600db18cb2c04b3edd03cc744a2888ae40caa232946c5e7e1'
       )
@@ -604,12 +615,12 @@ describe('bls12-381/basic', () => {
     deepStrictEqual(g1.x, G1Point.ZERO.x);
     deepStrictEqual(g1.y, G1Point.ZERO.y);
     // Test Non-Zero
-    const x = bls.Fp.create(
+    const x = Fp.create(
       BigInt(
         '0x17f1d3a73197d7942695638c4fa9ac0fc3688c4f9774b905a14e3a3f171bac586c55e83ff97a1aeffb3af00adb22c6bb'
       )
     );
-    const y = bls.Fp.create(
+    const y = Fp.create(
       BigInt(
         '0x08b3f481e3aaa0f1a09e30ed741d8ae4fcf5e095d5d00af600db18cb2c04b3edd03cc744a2888ae40caa232946c5e7e1'
       )
@@ -690,12 +701,12 @@ describe('bls12-381/basic', () => {
     // Test Zero
     deepStrictEqual(G1Point.ZERO.toHex(false), B_192_40);
     // Test Non-Zero
-    const x = bls.Fp.create(
+    const x = Fp.create(
       BigInt(
         '0x17f1d3a73197d7942695638c4fa9ac0fc3688c4f9774b905a14e3a3f171bac586c55e83ff97a1aeffb3af00adb22c6bb'
       )
     );
-    const y = bls.Fp.create(
+    const y = Fp.create(
       BigInt(
         '0x08b3f481e3aaa0f1a09e30ed741d8ae4fcf5e095d5d00af600db18cb2c04b3edd03cc744a2888ae40caa232946c5e7e1'
       )
@@ -711,12 +722,12 @@ describe('bls12-381/basic', () => {
     // Test Zero
     deepStrictEqual(G1Point.ZERO.toHex(false), B_192_40);
     // Test Non-Zero
-    const x = bls.Fp.create(
+    const x = Fp.create(
       BigInt(
         '0x17f1d3a73197d7942695638c4fa9ac0fc3688c4f9774b905a14e3a3f171bac586c55e83ff97a1aeffb3af00adb22c6bb'
       )
     );
-    const y = bls.Fp.create(
+    const y = Fp.create(
       BigInt(
         '0x08b3f481e3aaa0f1a09e30ed741d8ae4fcf5e095d5d00af600db18cb2c04b3edd03cc744a2888ae40caa232946c5e7e1'
       )
@@ -802,32 +813,32 @@ describe('bls12-381/basic', () => {
     throws(() => G2Point.fromPrivateKey(0n));
   });
   const VALID_G1 = new G1Point(
-    bls.Fp.create(
+    Fp.create(
       3609742242174788176010452839163620388872641749536604986743596621604118973777515189035770461528205168143692110933639n
     ),
-    bls.Fp.create(
+    Fp.create(
       1619277690257184054444116778047375363103842303863153349133480657158810226683757397206929105479676799650932070320089n
     ),
-    bls.Fp.create(1n)
+    Fp.create(1n)
   );
   const VALID_G1_2 = new G1Point(
-    bls.Fp.create(
+    Fp.create(
       1206972466279728255044019580914616126536509750250979180256809997983196363639429409634110400978470384566664128085207n
     ),
-    bls.Fp.create(
+    Fp.create(
       2991142246317096160788653339959532007292638191110818490939476869616372888657136539642598243964263069435065725313423n
     ),
-    bls.Fp.create(1n)
+    Fp.create(1n)
   );
 
   const INVALID_G1 = new G1Point(
-    bls.Fp.create(
+    Fp.create(
       499001545268060011619089734015590154568173930614466321429631711131511181286230338880376679848890024401335766847607n
     ),
-    bls.Fp.create(
+    Fp.create(
       3934582309586258715640230772291917282844636728991757779640464479794033391537662970190753981664259511166946374555673n
     ),
-    bls.Fp.create(1n)
+    Fp.create(1n)
   );
 
   should('aggregate pubkeys', () => {
@@ -847,24 +858,31 @@ describe('bls12-381/basic', () => {
   });
   // should aggregate signatures
 
+  should(`produce correct short signatures (${G1_VECTORS.length} vectors)`, () => {
+    for (let vector of G1_VECTORS) {
+      const [priv, msg, expected] = vector;
+      const sig = bls.signShortSignature(msg, priv);
+      deepStrictEqual(bytesToHex(sig), expected);
+    }
+  });
   should(`produce correct signatures (${G2_VECTORS.length} vectors)`, () => {
     for (let vector of G2_VECTORS) {
       const [priv, msg, expected] = vector;
       const sig = bls.sign(msg, priv);
-      deepStrictEqual(bls.utils.bytesToHex(sig), expected);
+      deepStrictEqual(bytesToHex(sig), expected);
     }
   });
   should(`produce correct scalars (${SCALAR_VECTORS.length} vectors)`, () => {
     const options = {
-      p: bls.CURVE.r,
+      p: bls.params.r,
       m: 1,
-      expand: false,
+      expand: '_internal_pass',
     };
     for (let vector of SCALAR_VECTORS) {
       const [okmAscii, expectedHex] = vector;
       const expected = BigInt('0x' + expectedHex);
-      const okm = new Uint8Array(okmAscii.split('').map((c) => c.charCodeAt(0)));
+      const okm = utf8ToBytes(okmAscii);
-      const scalars = bls.utils.hashToField(okm, 1, options);
+      const scalars = hash_to_field(okm, 1, Object.assign({}, bls.G2.CURVE.htfDefaults, options));
       deepStrictEqual(scalars[0][0], expected);
     }
   });
@@ -872,7 +890,8 @@ describe('bls12-381/basic', () => {
 
 // Pairing
 describe('pairing', () => {
-  const { pairing, Fp12 } = bls;
+  const { pairing } = bls;
+  const { Fp12 } = bls.fields;
   const G1 = G1Point.BASE;
   const G2 = G2Point.BASE;
 
@@ -969,29 +988,29 @@ describe('pairing', () => {
   });
 });
 // hashToCurve
-describe('hash-to-curve', () => {
+describe('hash-to-curve (against Killic)', () => {
   // Point G1
   const VECTORS_G1 = [
     {
-      msg: bls.utils.stringToBytes(''),
+      msg: utf8ToBytes(''),
       expected:
         '0576730ab036cbac1d95b38dca905586f28d0a59048db4e8778782d89bff856ddef89277ead5a21e2975c4a6e3d8c79e' +
         '1273e568bebf1864393c517f999b87c1eaa1b8432f95aea8160cd981b5b05d8cd4a7cf00103b6ef87f728e4b547dd7ae',
     },
     {
-      msg: bls.utils.stringToBytes('abc'),
+      msg: utf8ToBytes('abc'),
       expected:
         '061daf0cc00d8912dac1d4cf5a7c32fca97f8b3bf3f805121888e5eb89f77f9a9f406569027ac6d0e61b1229f42c43d6' +
         '0de1601e5ba02cb637c1d35266f5700acee9850796dc88e860d022d7b9e7e3dce5950952e97861e5bb16d215c87f030d',
     },
     {
-      msg: bls.utils.stringToBytes('abcdef0123456789'),
+      msg: utf8ToBytes('abcdef0123456789'),
       expected:
         '0fb3455436843e76079c7cf3dfef75e5a104dfe257a29a850c145568d500ad31ccfe79be9ae0ea31a722548070cf98cd' +
         '177989f7e2c751658df1b26943ee829d3ebcf131d8f805571712f3a7527ee5334ecff8a97fc2a50cea86f5e6212e9a57',
     },
     {
-      msg: bls.utils.stringToBytes(
+      msg: utf8ToBytes(
         'a512_aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa'
       ),
       expected:
@@ -999,37 +1018,38 @@ describe('hash-to-curve', () => {
         '047a85d6898416a0899e26219bca7c4f0fa682717199de196b02b95eaf9fb55456ac3b810e78571a1b7f5692b7c58ab6',
     },
   ];
+  describe('hashToCurve G1', () => {
     for (let i = 0; i < VECTORS_G1.length; i++) {
       const t = VECTORS_G1[i];
-    should(`hashToCurve/G1 Killic (${i})`, () => {
+      should(`${i}`, () => {
-      const p = bls.hashToCurve.G1.hashToCurve(t.msg, {
+        const p = bls.G1.hashToCurve(t.msg, {
           DST: 'BLS12381G1_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_RO_TESTGEN',
         });
         deepStrictEqual(p.toHex(false), t.expected);
       });
     }
-
+  });
   const VECTORS_ENCODE_G1 = [
     {
-      msg: bls.utils.stringToBytes(''),
+      msg: utf8ToBytes(''),
       expected:
         '1223effdbb2d38152495a864d78eee14cb0992d89a241707abb03819a91a6d2fd65854ab9a69e9aacb0cbebfd490732c' +
         '0f925d61e0b235ecd945cbf0309291878df0d06e5d80d6b84aa4ff3e00633b26f9a7cb3523ef737d90e6d71e8b98b2d5',
     },
     {
-      msg: bls.utils.stringToBytes('abc'),
+      msg: utf8ToBytes('abc'),
       expected:
         '179d3fd0b4fb1da43aad06cea1fb3f828806ddb1b1fa9424b1e3944dfdbab6e763c42636404017da03099af0dcca0fd6' +
         '0d037cb1c6d495c0f5f22b061d23f1be3d7fe64d3c6820cfcd99b6b36fa69f7b4c1f4addba2ae7aa46fb25901ab483e4',
     },
     {
-      msg: bls.utils.stringToBytes('abcdef0123456789'),
+      msg: utf8ToBytes('abcdef0123456789'),
       expected:
         '15aa66c77eded1209db694e8b1ba49daf8b686733afaa7b68c683d0b01788dfb0617a2e2d04c0856db4981921d3004af' +
         '0952bb2f61739dd1d201dd0a79d74cda3285403d47655ee886afe860593a8a4e51c5b77a22d2133e3a4280eaaaa8b788',
     },
     {
-      msg: bls.utils.stringToBytes(
+      msg: utf8ToBytes(
         'a512_aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa'
       ),
       expected:
@@ -1037,19 +1057,21 @@ describe('hash-to-curve', () => {
         '094bfdfe3e552447433b5a00967498a3f1314b86ce7a7164c8a8f4131f99333b30a574607e301d5f774172c627fd0bca',
     },
   ];
+  describe('encodeToCurve G1', () => {
     for (let i = 0; i < VECTORS_ENCODE_G1.length; i++) {
       const t = VECTORS_ENCODE_G1[i];
-    should(`hashToCurve/G1 (Killic, encodeToCurve) (${i})`, () => {
+      should(`(${i})`, () => {
-      const p = bls.hashToCurve.G1.encodeToCurve(t.msg, {
+        const p = bls.G1.encodeToCurve(t.msg, {
           DST: 'BLS12381G1_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_NU_TESTGEN',
         });
         deepStrictEqual(p.toHex(false), t.expected);
       });
     }
+  });
   // Point G2
   const VECTORS_G2 = [
     {
-      msg: bls.utils.stringToBytes(''),
+      msg: utf8ToBytes(''),
       expected:
         '0fbdae26f9f9586a46d4b0b70390d09064ef2afe5c99348438a3c7d9756471e015cb534204c1b6824617a85024c772dc' +
         '0a650bd36ae7455cb3fe5d8bb1310594551456f5c6593aec9ee0c03d2f6cb693bd2c5e99d4e23cbaec767609314f51d3' +
@@ -1057,7 +1079,7 @@ describe('hash-to-curve', () => {
         '0d8d49e7737d8f9fc5cef7c4b8817633103faf2613016cb86a1f3fc29968fe2413e232d9208d2d74a89bf7a48ac36f83',
     },
     {
-      msg: bls.utils.stringToBytes('abc'),
+      msg: utf8ToBytes('abc'),
       expected:
         '03578447618463deb106b60e609c6f7cc446dc6035f84a72801ba17c94cd800583b493b948eff0033f09086fdd7f6175' +
         '1953ce6d4267939c7360756d9cca8eb34aac4633ef35369a7dc249445069888e7d1b3f9d2e75fbd468fbcbba7110ea02' +
@@ -1065,7 +1087,7 @@ describe('hash-to-curve', () => {
         '0882ab045b8fe4d7d557ebb59a63a35ac9f3d312581b509af0f8eaa2960cbc5e1e36bb969b6e22980b5cbdd0787fcf4e',
     },
     {
-      msg: bls.utils.stringToBytes('abcdef0123456789'),
+      msg: utf8ToBytes('abcdef0123456789'),
       expected:
         '195fad48982e186ce3c5c82133aefc9b26d55979b6f530992a8849d4263ec5d57f7a181553c8799bcc83da44847bdc8d' +
         '17b461fc3b96a30c2408958cbfa5f5927b6063a8ad199d5ebf2d7cdeffa9c20c85487204804fab53f950b2f87db365aa' +
@@ -1073,7 +1095,7 @@ describe('hash-to-curve', () => {
         '174a3473a3af2d0302b9065e895ca4adba4ece6ce0b41148ba597001abb152f852dd9a96fb45c9de0a43d944746f833e',
     },
     {
-      msg: bls.utils.stringToBytes(
+      msg: utf8ToBytes(
         'a512_aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa'
       ),
       expected:
@@ -1083,19 +1105,20 @@ describe('hash-to-curve', () => {
         '15c1d4f1a685bb63ee67ca1fd96155e3d091e852a684b78d085fd34f6091e5249ddddbdcf2e7ec82ce6c04c63647eeb7',
     },
   ];
+  describe('hashToCurve G2', () => {
     for (let i = 0; i < VECTORS_G2.length; i++) {
       const t = VECTORS_G2[i];
-    should(`hashToCurve/G2 Killic (${i})`, () => {
+      should(`${i}`, () => {
-      const p = bls.hashToCurve.G2.hashToCurve(t.msg, {
+        const p = bls.G2.hashToCurve(t.msg, {
           DST: 'BLS12381G2_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_RO_TESTGEN',
         });
         deepStrictEqual(p.toHex(false), t.expected);
       });
     }
-
+  });
   const VECTORS_ENCODE_G2 = [
     {
-      msg: bls.utils.stringToBytes(''),
+      msg: utf8ToBytes(''),
       expected:
         '0d4333b77becbf9f9dfa3ca928002233d1ecc854b1447e5a71f751c9042d000f42db91c1d6649a5e0ad22bd7bf7398b8' +
         '027e4bfada0b47f9f07e04aec463c7371e68f2fd0c738cd517932ea3801a35acf09db018deda57387b0f270f7a219e4d' +
@@ -1103,7 +1126,7 @@ describe('hash-to-curve', () => {
         '053674cba9ef516ddc218fedb37324e6c47de27f88ab7ef123b006127d738293c0277187f7e2f80a299a24d84ed03da7',
     },
     {
-      msg: bls.utils.stringToBytes('abc'),
+      msg: utf8ToBytes('abc'),
       expected:
         '18f0f87b40af67c056915dbaf48534c592524e82c1c2b50c3734d02c0172c80df780a60b5683759298a3303c5d942778' +
         '09349f1cb5b2e55489dcd45a38545343451cc30a1681c57acd4fb0a6db125f8352c09f4a67eb7d1d8242cb7d3405f97b' +
@@ -1111,7 +1134,7 @@ describe('hash-to-curve', () => {
         '02f2d9deb2c7742512f5b8230bf0fd83ea42279d7d39779543c1a43b61c885982b611f6a7a24b514995e8a098496b811',
     },
     {
-      msg: bls.utils.stringToBytes('abcdef0123456789'),
+      msg: utf8ToBytes('abcdef0123456789'),
       expected:
         '19808ec5930a53c7cf5912ccce1cc33f1b3dcff24a53ce1cc4cba41fd6996dbed4843ccdd2eaf6a0cd801e562718d163' +
         '149fe43777d34f0d25430dea463889bd9393bdfb4932946db23671727081c629ebb98a89604f3433fba1c67d356a4af7' +
@@ -1119,7 +1142,7 @@ describe('hash-to-curve', () => {
         '04c0d6793a766233b2982087b5f4a254f261003ccb3262ea7c50903eecef3e871d1502c293f9e063d7d293f6384f4551',
     },
     {
-      msg: bls.utils.stringToBytes(
+      msg: utf8ToBytes(
         'a512_aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa'
       ),
       expected:
@@ -1129,15 +1152,17 @@ describe('hash-to-curve', () => {
         '09e5c8242dd7281ad32c03fe4af3f19167770016255fb25ad9b67ec51d62fade31a1af101e8f6172ec2ee8857662be3a',
     },
   ];
+  describe('encodeToCurve G2', () => {
     for (let i = 0; i < VECTORS_ENCODE_G2.length; i++) {
       const t = VECTORS_ENCODE_G2[i];
-    should(`hashToCurve/G2 (Killic, encodeToCurve) (${i})`, () => {
+      should(`${i}`, () => {
-      const p = bls.hashToCurve.G2.encodeToCurve(t.msg, {
+        const p = bls.G2.encodeToCurve(t.msg, {
           DST: 'BLS12381G2_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_NU_TESTGEN',
         });
         deepStrictEqual(p.toHex(false), t.expected);
       });
     }
+  });
 });
 
 describe('verify()', () => {
@@ -1148,6 +1173,8 @@ describe('verify()', () => {
       const pub = bls.getPublicKey(priv);
       const res = bls.verify(sig, msg, pub);
       deepStrictEqual(res, true, `${priv}-${msg}`);
+      const resHex = bls.verify(bytesToHex(sig), msg, pub);
+      deepStrictEqual(resHex, true, `${priv}-${msg}-hex`);
     }
   });
   should('not verify signature with wrong message', () => {
@@ -1168,6 +1195,43 @@ describe('verify()', () => {
       const invPub = bls.getPublicKey(invPriv);
       const res = bls.verify(sig, msg, invPub);
       deepStrictEqual(res, false);
+      const resHex = bls.verify(bytesToHex(sig), msg, invPub);
+      deepStrictEqual(resHex, false);
+    }
+  });
+  should('verify signed message (short signatures)', () => {
+    for (let i = 0; i < NUM_RUNS; i++) {
+      const [priv, msg] = G1_VECTORS[i];
+      const sig = bls.signShortSignature(msg, priv);
+      const pub = bls.getPublicKeyForShortSignatures(priv);
+      const res = bls.verifyShortSignature(sig, msg, pub);
+      deepStrictEqual(res, true, `${priv}-${msg}`);
+      const resHex = bls.verifyShortSignature(bytesToHex(sig), msg, pub);
+      deepStrictEqual(resHex, true, `${priv}-${msg}`);
+    }
+  });
+  should('not verify signature with wrong message (short signatures)', () => {
+    for (let i = 0; i < NUM_RUNS; i++) {
+      const [priv, msg] = G1_VECTORS[i];
+      const invMsg = G1_VECTORS[i + 1][1];
+      const sig = bls.signShortSignature(msg, priv);
+      const pub = bls.getPublicKeyForShortSignatures(priv);
+      const res = bls.verifyShortSignature(sig, invMsg, pub);
+      deepStrictEqual(res, false);
+      const resHex = bls.verifyShortSignature(bytesToHex(sig), invMsg, pub);
+      deepStrictEqual(resHex, false);
+    }
+  });
+  should('not verify signature with wrong key', () => {
+    for (let i = 0; i < NUM_RUNS; i++) {
+      const [priv, msg] = G1_VECTORS[i];
+      const sig = bls.signShortSignature(msg, priv);
+      const invPriv = G1_VECTORS[i + 1][1].padStart(64, '0');
+      const invPub = bls.getPublicKeyForShortSignatures(invPriv);
+      const res = bls.verifyShortSignature(sig, msg, invPub);
+      deepStrictEqual(res, false);
+      const resHex = bls.verifyShortSignature(bytesToHex(sig), msg, invPub);
+      deepStrictEqual(resHex, false);
     }
   });
   describe('batch', () => {
@@ -1180,6 +1244,10 @@ describe('verify()', () => {
           const signatures = messages.map((message, i) => bls.sign(message, privateKeys[i]));
           const aggregatedSignature = bls.aggregateSignatures(signatures);
           deepStrictEqual(bls.verifyBatch(aggregatedSignature, messages, publicKey), true);
+          deepStrictEqual(
+            bls.verifyBatch(bytesToHex(aggregatedSignature), messages, publicKey),
+            true
+          );
         })
       );
     });
@@ -1198,6 +1266,10 @@ describe('verify()', () => {
             bls.verifyBatch(aggregatedSignature, wrongMessages, publicKey),
             messages.every((m, i) => m === wrongMessages[i])
           );
+          deepStrictEqual(
+            bls.verifyBatch(bytesToHex(aggregatedSignature), wrongMessages, publicKey),
+            messages.every((m, i) => m === wrongMessages[i])
+          );
         })
       );
     });
@@ -1220,6 +1292,10 @@ describe('verify()', () => {
               bls.verifyBatch(aggregatedSignature, messages, wrongPublicKeys),
               wrongPrivateKeys.every((p, i) => p === privateKeys[i])
             );
+            deepStrictEqual(
+              bls.verifyBatch(bytesToHex(aggregatedSignature), messages, wrongPublicKeys),
+              wrongPrivateKeys.every((p, i) => p === privateKeys[i])
+            );
           }
         )
       );
@@ -1227,17 +1303,23 @@ describe('verify()', () => {
     should('verify multi-signature as simple signature', () => {
       fc.assert(
         fc.property(FC_MSG, FC_BIGINT_5, (message, privateKeys) => {
+          message = replaceZeroPoint(message);
           const publicKey = privateKeys.map(getPubKey);
           const signatures = privateKeys.map((privateKey) => bls.sign(message, privateKey));
           const aggregatedSignature = bls.aggregateSignatures(signatures);
           const aggregatedPublicKey = bls.aggregatePublicKeys(publicKey);
           deepStrictEqual(bls.verify(aggregatedSignature, message, aggregatedPublicKey), true);
+          deepStrictEqual(
+            bls.verify(bytesToHex(aggregatedSignature), message, aggregatedPublicKey),
+            true
+          );
         })
       );
     });
     should('not verify wrong multi-signature as simple signature', () => {
       fc.assert(
         fc.property(FC_MSG, FC_MSG, FC_BIGINT_5, (message, wrongMessage, privateKeys) => {
+          message = replaceZeroPoint(message);
           const publicKey = privateKeys.map(getPubKey);
           const signatures = privateKeys.map((privateKey) => bls.sign(message, privateKey));
           const aggregatedSignature = bls.aggregateSignatures(signatures);
@@ -1246,6 +1328,10 @@ describe('verify()', () => {
             bls.verify(aggregatedSignature, wrongMessage, aggregatedPublicKey),
             message === wrongMessage
           );
+          deepStrictEqual(
+            bls.verify(bytesToHex(aggregatedSignature), wrongMessage, aggregatedPublicKey),
+            message === wrongMessage
+          );
         })
       );
     });
@@ -1260,12 +1346,12 @@ describe('bls12-381 deterministic', () => {
       .reverse()
       .reduce((acc, i) => acc + i);
 
-  const Fp12 = bls.Fp12;
+  const { Fp12 } = bls.fields;
 
   should('Killic based/Pairing', () => {
     const t = bls.pairing(G1Point.BASE, G2Point.BASE);
     deepStrictEqual(
-      bls.utils.bytesToHex(Fp12.toBytes(t)),
+      bytesToHex(Fp12.toBytes(t)),
       killicHex([
         '0f41e58663bf08cf068672cbd01a7ec73baca4d72ca93544deff686bfd6df543d48eaa24afe47e1efde449383b676631',
         '04c581234d086a9902249b64728ffd21a189e87935a954051c7cdba7b3872629a4fafc05066245cb9108f0242d0fe3ef',
@@ -1287,7 +1373,7 @@ describe('bls12-381 deterministic', () => {
     let p2 = G2Point.BASE;
     for (let v of pairingVectors) {
       deepStrictEqual(
-        bls.utils.bytesToHex(Fp12.toBytes(bls.pairing(p1, p2))),
+        bytesToHex(Fp12.toBytes(bls.pairing(p1, p2))),
         // Reverse order
         v.match(/.{96}/g).reverse().join('')
       );
@@ -1361,6 +1447,37 @@ describe('bls12-381 deterministic', () => {
       }
     }
   });
+  should(`zkcrypt/G1 & G2 encoding edge cases`, () => {
+    const Fp = bls12_381.fields.Fp;
+    const S_BIT_POS = Fp.BITS; // C_bit, compression bit for serialization flag
+    const I_BIT_POS = Fp.BITS + 1; // I_bit, point-at-infinity bit for serialization flag
+    const C_BIT_POS = Fp.BITS + 2; // S_bit, sort bit for serialization flag
+    const VECTORS = [
+      { pos: C_BIT_POS, shift: 7 }, // compression_flag_set = Choice::from((bytes[0] >> 7) & 1);
+      { pos: I_BIT_POS, shift: 6 }, // infinity_flag_set = Choice::from((bytes[0] >> 6) & 1)
+      { pos: S_BIT_POS, shift: 5 }, // sort_flag_set = Choice::from((bytes[0] >> 5) & 1)
+    ];
+    for (const { pos, shift } of VECTORS) {
+      const d = utils.numberToBytesBE(utils.bitSet(0n, pos, Boolean(true)), Fp.BYTES);
+      deepStrictEqual((d[0] >> shift) & 1, 1, `${pos}`);
+    }
+    const baseC = G1Point.BASE.toRawBytes();
+    deepStrictEqual(baseC.length, 48);
+    const baseU = G1Point.BASE.toRawBytes(false);
+    deepStrictEqual(baseU.length, 96);
+    const compressedBit = baseU.slice();
+    compressedBit[0] |= 0b1000_0000; // add compression bit
+    throws(() => G1Point.fromHex(compressedBit), 'compressed bit'); // uncompressed point with compressed length
+    const uncompressedBit = baseC.slice();
+    uncompressedBit[0] &= 0b0111_1111; // remove compression bit
+    throws(() => G1Point.fromHex(uncompressedBit), 'uncompressed bit');
+    const infinityUncompressed = baseU.slice();
+    infinityUncompressed[0] |= 0b0100_0000;
+    throws(() => G1Point.fromHex(compressedBit), 'infinity uncompressed');
+    const infinityCompressed = baseC.slice();
+    infinityCompressed[0] |= 0b0100_0000;
+    throws(() => G1Point.fromHex(compressedBit), 'infinity compressed');
+  });
 });
 
 // ESM is broken.

test/bls12-381/bls12-381-g1-test-vectors.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+25d8cef413ba263e8d5732d3fca51fd369db74712655a5fd7b0b3a58d8095be8::800134e27aacc74dc91153a6bd65f96a5f8c8365c722da2f1e12eb048e0aed6987fa4168a51241ce41434fd05fd4bdd9
+611810ebd8f5a7faad47b2249f9d13be0506131db987b6948f1ca3194fa6b643:68:94250c0cc62ae9041c6f6e5042202b3c327991ce4b2841a4145d270f6c8311bc95673c826ada72a6d69e92a833d649e6
+419bb1de76e11a476f8d5cc5d85a648ec04f24bf75f6cf1f3fae43e57bf9a491:c8d0:898f660c5b26e8c9461ab3f42eb394465d5a115702c05d2a2bc761a8873ac0f33d21f9ea9cf4c435cd31391f5c8c0a91
+0d1bd9077705325666408124339dca98c0c842b35a90bc3cea8e0c36f2d35583:c43623:94f60dc44a4dbb2505befe346c0c143190fc877ded5e877418f0f890b8ae357a40e8fcc189139aaa509d2b6500f623a5
+50ff7bd9b21916e55debbd0757e945386b6159ef481d9d774ee67d9b07d0e4ed:7e846556:8d8d9e84012c9c0958018202fe944b4517b618cb7df0b61b1f1ce40b43c2da6330ee0c30a37ac6c7ba0f16aeaa5b99db
+29a8af03f8c73c64e14807cdabae877cb0f273169bc5ebf17f3e4ef334690656:ce8e5953d7:b37528df8825b94349cfe90a8c8665915cc49e6c41d78e28f8f1a05c5956ee9af850b82e9be756f024e396fd85d9b1ca
+732fbcaef0e216eae6420eff93c68e3547267b69ca48c7ae9d79d481a466fab9:ae9eb5f425ee:b0adf372fe871a5f7efd30ba8f4ea563460a14651b903789324b78fe12c06b23569766c2d7eecdfb734de4485fee2436
+4a8135a8847019dad5c1f1b609b50ee72bf5e6459f9c4206ce43de04c2a7103a:01a6d7836c68ad:914a38d1fa13ffdff56cbadd1bd77a3108aae19f76ff2a99d18784cf5c7620d44543045d757f61bdd4fa66780b25eb46
+0681339753344b5a346aeec93a9b3b9d1282d620a3cdfc4fb4f0e7a075a99fa0:c335129a7fa17398:a01d6f24c038ebc110d742babcc9dd0a32eb518e1e52fac73a3e0a3395012e708112e86a314649aa1edf90dc51007042
+67a4cad01442be6649e8f3de5b14d126baee62c7525ac61e0b2fe3387e7681b5:bb8a6f6e15fce1f262:82aa70654ca48c6ef55ce3edc88ee77922e1064c763aa50fb0d4a2e8b206d4e14ed849b4d175b096481a6afac232c588
+1e36e3af518a276dedb69eb0e9df882721116cdb336f692eb691a6d2c7f2ec15:5fbb696cc48ea826a789:8a8f9a764916f3fd5b6cc882f9869ebd1d6a24a057a6e436509c916a9a1e9308e5f891e8e49f39afa0e9afbd3d209cb5
+5984b05cfa8100d150b3a9a0a0c1e2be149a09e2ff6218b0648651f82b4e773e:5d1bf1b69e2774fdb03500:91703b32c962a8bda991561258c29cb726fea6300742cfe37ed929f68087638169750a423b5c4b465f5498b64ec660ce
+4d84a172794eeeda6217cf4d10fa36f1b21103742926d4948845a8a0e417d13f:8ec1a5032dfff9289fffefaa:92142c1955d234c700373b823ab4b4b308897218096a88ea504267b26c9330b939191c72e770aaed0af3281b418af173
+4de6bd9f522e6edf20d0e54cc17cc22f558f115b58478ae6155291e67c28e096:3a5e5a964d6acedcae7b23189a:838d07c7d28c62b1e5aadf8c621c4f360407b3124ac7f7ae3a40a56b1b848b8104f59b4d74e278639e35f4ffa64a3767
+64fe9caf26b773198b6700a23c2618d36c7382440339a60236e210fc7f61ade3:8873768b317b84b32fca283a4082:b9fb8bc5cfda68938437c17e9f5cb448ca4bb79be278d8f1eac42b9f9b03039673c3170af211c24d7006d1af522f805e
+2b5bf5af15c13c167173ac0b4750a27cd36ebb90cb0ee90d6168fc81eea0c30a:0a93cd89817651705b4fd414054a44:a2216d350329553d3adc81d0d79d000c0edf634443dafe7c292e8f7193d09facf7a6361e02e5df957021429ae306d879
+507bf8c00a3364d9f297b3df5f523fc786806b3fc60123d8b231831af5dabce5:691cec082f50711675043ed04233437d:aabdfee018464bba85027210a8a8322f9de64b452d296f31bc8c507c05289b70e8642fb2b6aaa33759d857ece7735231
+46b4cd59574a6c1f845d2a57d41c42096db5d53ffc9ec8d4b080c1542e24f30b:9a877c2bef8fd2ef71b2852e35afde4912:88eaa4631bb68b510601e6b099376adfe05c1eed52757611897935974d82bcc2751036723bcbfaf29c7f8c09bfd93b1f
+3e04f740b39a8792e414144a3cb0c8816350f5c4744cf6569f258fc9df82a7d9:e5781adf4d2c0501969d2669619934145ffe:92989055e334649063b2242af5890a445a3d9f5fedcc127318da402d3c68f0ef658d0dc0074579218e02e31cb5ece4f2
+5ff00a071e807e2beee582b790e4f37ea23211273008e37ca683b34632546b90:75659a273db98e3b14cd464cdfb217823f0496:9721a974cdd68946477db08a4221db9b9c2ca07c01b1daf7307ffcaa16603ee9f12e0ea5e446af292bde7b21f5eb4d3d
+59c6a3ac6fef4c048486c141825a539e5b65ecc5f0a4425c4aa1015735928f0b:d26e8b19e6065dbdf5a7a50954fcf52e046e4a79:8be8f6ec5b39a43b6d24967009b0444a4c30ad57f285ad737b632a963aa3e9511f6e6ef27a502071bea00c4b653fe01d
+053840cde56e2fab07d92aad4ca4126db0c79b582ae5b6074336f10faa1ce27d:18277161538b41f2116b62f1b4f15f763db71bc95a:a0350c66b6c72e8e745ecacd973aca076c110b218e0275b34976e7e23a3c834b260256227dbd8902e8454bb1d620e92c
+4dae7ee2946935ab3799f54a67f7f3a1ede349786ac2169c0d4b66bee8659c88:ff0bc27c426ba610feb7b8d7262d27314884f9e98438:b6b4f053da80dc91f5311b1ff12c3de305b0dca42a84818d600644a2e9955afd4f68f61415ba5e4f6684e33da0fc8071
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+364aa3c72c66b518e1bb9f28febcfa56f29ca5825fc8f1bb60792703124a7638:cbe2e518132f31a040fdde8e4665130d05aa7ff233d12bc6:902dca0a36d551de11ad849888e93d91023493c6a87ebe242ffba54e299747f8a122d015135a70a2473dd83f401d88bc
+49a257e61ae16bf1f02cd6e81333ec3dc3b509843a56267ed0d40191c44a823b:df0079e080bbe83a8c3255fbdd26bf143c174ddcf80c969e4b:a3b5027454751a60c5a1204e8b25fe88c278ae2f29449e77c91766feb55ad81c978562e60c00084ff8244b1d8c02a2cd
+4f7443821af744a272e3fae9ac7350d6344d61d47bdecd23587f794cfe29758a:e8be2bbfa55b3767413a37778a1940104c4a941e018daca7e3b8:963af9ffa575e398bbbba35e68e8a99d8ba77c870f98a6dfe5b48a283a61ccb19071121398669418f2ebbfa910782f29
+22144d627be8fdea6127df0dcc8b17a141a41b44041548bd367840e372c8de90:a4c9b9b49bf2267674fd979e1eecce161cf13b5042d4ad769b45ad:86eeca7b5d03763d96bece0a865e315d260db6b6d728519bad150ef1d086bd78848994ed769da6f8ecf5ef99550588d0
+25682a90cf7d1672adc57afe312e0695039d130dc2fa052174d1754dd6bf6f2c:939f9bcd0063da5bba708f16520a7ded65857ac4824e79ab1d6acc8d:a9b56b5df672c163219eb68807c39911bfdd00a6d413f6f1ee75da967017b2ef9ab99528345ed9af70bccc30b49b424d
+6f4dc51d61fc10750a53a448b0177ab4ddd4727bc3690031615ef5f3ee9a37fd:b64ca223bac328283a133a74cf95ae4b14d6d68784115dba9af1a14e55:b7c5f00708da137f5e8e90b13cf9b41305173f1a616a31f69b37b89d2832d0956e1e6da88838969ce67d90f49c5d4f2e
+5ca692a6163c55c4945758e4640c46ff0ca34fb870cdee9e067a22b0c0bdabed:bcff7f9acc78a02edb0e163769d6bc4e3a97e9bd3677b98a68d82c6d3b90:93d2e2d57cfe2502ac87207653bad819fe1c13cb321dc34ac074aaf647f3b1637d00f99a3ff0cb527465d45f6be31809
+2b617ae10e1dc16e41fae911b14e9c150196912a4e89e20981ebcf472b4dd5dc:fc4d92a56983fc61b38b9a8b10abf5f2e914100ce449d4ff8e0ad586e7314d:864b93049434dd8c32b29c8c164b9ce286772da4e61be06b009c4fdba74f9915545cfe005602cabf6b9dfe76e084f0b6
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test/ed25519-addons.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+import { sha512 } from '@noble/hashes/sha512';
+import { bytesToHex as hex, hexToBytes } from '@noble/hashes/utils';
+import { deepStrictEqual, throws } from 'assert';
+import { describe, should } from 'micro-should';
+import { bytesToNumberLE, numberToBytesLE } from '../esm/abstract/utils.js';
+import { default as x25519vectors } from './wycheproof/x25519_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import {
+  ed25519,
+  ed25519ctx,
+  ed25519ph,
+  edwardsToMontgomeryPub,
+  edwardsToMontgomeryPriv,
+  RistrettoPoint,
+  x25519,
+} from '../esm/ed25519.js';
+
+const VECTORS_RFC8032_CTX = [
+  {
+    secretKey: '0305334e381af78f141cb666f6199f57bc3495335a256a95bd2a55bf546663f6',
+    publicKey: 'dfc9425e4f968f7f0c29f0259cf5f9aed6851c2bb4ad8bfb860cfee0ab248292',
+    message: 'f726936d19c800494e3fdaff20b276a8',
+    context: '666f6f',
+    signature:
+      '55a4cc2f70a54e04288c5f4cd1e45a7b' +
+      'b520b36292911876cada7323198dd87a' +
+      '8b36950b95130022907a7fb7c4e9b2d5' +
+      'f6cca685a587b4b21f4b888e4e7edb0d',
+  },
+  {
+    secretKey: '0305334e381af78f141cb666f6199f57bc3495335a256a95bd2a55bf546663f6',
+    publicKey: 'dfc9425e4f968f7f0c29f0259cf5f9aed6851c2bb4ad8bfb860cfee0ab248292',
+    message: 'f726936d19c800494e3fdaff20b276a8',
+    context: '626172',
+    signature:
+      'fc60d5872fc46b3aa69f8b5b4351d580' +
+      '8f92bcc044606db097abab6dbcb1aee3' +
+      '216c48e8b3b66431b5b186d1d28f8ee1' +
+      '5a5ca2df6668346291c2043d4eb3e90d',
+  },
+  {
+    secretKey: '0305334e381af78f141cb666f6199f57bc3495335a256a95bd2a55bf546663f6',
+    publicKey: 'dfc9425e4f968f7f0c29f0259cf5f9aed6851c2bb4ad8bfb860cfee0ab248292',
+    message: '508e9e6882b979fea900f62adceaca35',
+    context: '666f6f',
+    signature:
+      '8b70c1cc8310e1de20ac53ce28ae6e72' +
+      '07f33c3295e03bb5c0732a1d20dc6490' +
+      '8922a8b052cf99b7c4fe107a5abb5b2c' +
+      '4085ae75890d02df26269d8945f84b0b',
+  },
+  {
+    secretKey: 'ab9c2853ce297ddab85c993b3ae14bcad39b2c682beabc27d6d4eb20711d6560',
+    publicKey: '0f1d1274943b91415889152e893d80e93275a1fc0b65fd71b4b0dda10ad7d772',
+    message: 'f726936d19c800494e3fdaff20b276a8',
+    context: '666f6f',
+    signature:
+      '21655b5f1aa965996b3f97b3c849eafb' +
+      'a922a0a62992f73b3d1b73106a84ad85' +
+      'e9b86a7b6005ea868337ff2d20a7f5fb' +
+      'd4cd10b0be49a68da2b2e0dc0ad8960f',
+  },
+];
+
+describe('RFC8032ctx', () => {
+  for (let i = 0; i < VECTORS_RFC8032_CTX.length; i++) {
+    const v = VECTORS_RFC8032_CTX[i];
+    should(`${i}`, () => {
+      deepStrictEqual(hex(ed25519ctx.getPublicKey(v.secretKey)), v.publicKey);
+      deepStrictEqual(
+        hex(ed25519ctx.sign(v.message, v.secretKey, { context: v.context })),
+        v.signature
+      );
+      deepStrictEqual(
+        ed25519ctx.verify(v.signature, v.message, v.publicKey, { context: v.context }),
+        true
+      );
+    });
+  }
+});
+
+const VECTORS_RFC8032_PH = [
+  {
+    secretKey: '833fe62409237b9d62ec77587520911e9a759cec1d19755b7da901b96dca3d42',
+    publicKey: 'ec172b93ad5e563bf4932c70e1245034c35467ef2efd4d64ebf819683467e2bf',
+    message: '616263',
+    signature:
+      '98a70222f0b8121aa9d30f813d683f80' +
+      '9e462b469c7ff87639499bb94e6dae41' +
+      '31f85042463c2a355a2003d062adf5aa' +
+      'a10b8c61e636062aaad11c2a26083406',
+  },
+];
+
+describe('RFC8032ph', () => {
+  for (let i = 0; i < VECTORS_RFC8032_PH.length; i++) {
+    const v = VECTORS_RFC8032_PH[i];
+    should(`${i}`, () => {
+      deepStrictEqual(hex(ed25519ph.getPublicKey(v.secretKey)), v.publicKey);
+      deepStrictEqual(hex(ed25519ph.sign(v.message, v.secretKey)), v.signature);
+      deepStrictEqual(ed25519ph.verify(v.signature, v.message, v.publicKey), true);
+    });
+  }
+});
+
+// x25519
+describe('RFC7748 X25519 ECDH', () => {
+  const rfc7748Mul = [
+    {
+      scalar: 'a546e36bf0527c9d3b16154b82465edd62144c0ac1fc5a18506a2244ba449ac4',
+      u: 'e6db6867583030db3594c1a424b15f7c726624ec26b3353b10a903a6d0ab1c4c',
+      outputU: 'c3da55379de9c6908e94ea4df28d084f32eccf03491c71f754b4075577a28552',
+    },
+    {
+      scalar: '4b66e9d4d1b4673c5ad22691957d6af5c11b6421e0ea01d42ca4169e7918ba0d',
+      u: 'e5210f12786811d3f4b7959d0538ae2c31dbe7106fc03c3efc4cd549c715a493',
+      outputU: '95cbde9476e8907d7aade45cb4b873f88b595a68799fa152e6f8f7647aac7957',
+    },
+  ];
+  for (let i = 0; i < rfc7748Mul.length; i++) {
+    const v = rfc7748Mul[i];
+    should(`scalarMult (${i})`, () => {
+      deepStrictEqual(hex(x25519.scalarMult(v.scalar, v.u)), v.outputU);
+    });
+  }
+
+  const rfc7748Iter = [
+    { scalar: '422c8e7a6227d7bca1350b3e2bb7279f7897b87bb6854b783c60e80311ae3079', iters: 1 },
+    { scalar: '684cf59ba83309552800ef566f2f4d3c1c3887c49360e3875f2eb94d99532c51', iters: 1000 },
+    // { scalar: '7c3911e0ab2586fd864497297e575e6f3bc601c0883c30df5f4dd2d24f665424', iters: 1000000 },
+  ];
+  for (let i = 0; i < rfc7748Iter.length; i++) {
+    const { scalar, iters } = rfc7748Iter[i];
+    should(`scalarMult iteration x${iters}`, () => {
+      let k = x25519.GuBytes;
+      for (let i = 0, u = k; i < iters; i++) [k, u] = [x25519.scalarMult(k, u), k];
+      deepStrictEqual(hex(k), scalar);
+    });
+  }
+
+  should('getSharedKey', () => {
+    const alicePrivate = '77076d0a7318a57d3c16c17251b26645df4c2f87ebc0992ab177fba51db92c2a';
+    const alicePublic = '8520f0098930a754748b7ddcb43ef75a0dbf3a0d26381af4eba4a98eaa9b4e6a';
+    const bobPrivate = '5dab087e624a8a4b79e17f8b83800ee66f3bb1292618b6fd1c2f8b27ff88e0eb';
+    const bobPublic = 'de9edb7d7b7dc1b4d35b61c2ece435373f8343c85b78674dadfc7e146f882b4f';
+    const shared = '4a5d9d5ba4ce2de1728e3bf480350f25e07e21c947d19e3376f09b3c1e161742';
+    deepStrictEqual(alicePublic, hex(x25519.getPublicKey(alicePrivate)));
+    deepStrictEqual(bobPublic, hex(x25519.getPublicKey(bobPrivate)));
+    deepStrictEqual(hex(x25519.scalarMult(alicePrivate, bobPublic)), shared);
+    deepStrictEqual(hex(x25519.scalarMult(bobPrivate, alicePublic)), shared);
+  });
+
+  should('X25519/getSharedSecret() should be commutative', () => {
+    for (let i = 0; i < 512; i++) {
+      const asec = x25519.utils.randomPrivateKey();
+      const apub = x25519.getPublicKey(asec);
+      const bsec = x25519.utils.randomPrivateKey();
+      const bpub = x25519.getPublicKey(bsec);
+      try {
+        deepStrictEqual(x25519.getSharedSecret(asec, bpub), x25519.getSharedSecret(bsec, apub));
+      } catch (error) {
+        console.error('not commutative', { asec, apub, bsec, bpub });
+        throw error;
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  should('edwardsToMontgomery should produce correct output', () => {
+    const edSecret = hexToBytes('77076d0a7318a57d3c16c17251b26645df4c2f87ebc0992ab177fba51db92c2a');
+    const edPublic = ed25519.getPublicKey(edSecret);
+    const xPrivate = edwardsToMontgomeryPriv(edSecret);
+    deepStrictEqual(
+      hex(xPrivate),
+      'a8cd44eb8e93319c0570bc11005c0e0189d34ff02f6c17773411ad191293c94f'
+    );
+    const xPublic = edwardsToMontgomeryPub(edPublic);
+    deepStrictEqual(
+      hex(xPublic),
+      'ed7749b4d989f6957f3bfde6c56767e988e21c9f8784d91d610011cd553f9b06'
+    );
+  });
+
+  should('edwardsToMontgomery should produce correct keyPair', () => {
+    const edSecret = ed25519.utils.randomPrivateKey();
+    const edPublic = ed25519.getPublicKey(edSecret);
+    const xSecret = edwardsToMontgomeryPriv(edSecret);
+    const expectedXPublic = x25519.getPublicKey(xSecret);
+    const xPublic = edwardsToMontgomeryPub(edPublic);
+    deepStrictEqual(xPublic, expectedXPublic);
+  });
+
+  should('ECDH through edwardsToMontgomery should be commutative', () => {
+    const edSecret1 = ed25519.utils.randomPrivateKey();
+    const edPublic1 = ed25519.getPublicKey(edSecret1);
+    const edSecret2 = ed25519.utils.randomPrivateKey();
+    const edPublic2 = ed25519.getPublicKey(edSecret2);
+    deepStrictEqual(
+      x25519.getSharedSecret(edwardsToMontgomeryPriv(edSecret1), edwardsToMontgomeryPub(edPublic2)),
+      x25519.getSharedSecret(edwardsToMontgomeryPriv(edSecret2), edwardsToMontgomeryPub(edPublic1))
+    );
+  });
+
+  should('base point', () => {
+    const { y } = ed25519ph.ExtendedPoint.BASE;
+    const { Fp } = ed25519ph.CURVE;
+    const u = Fp.create((y + 1n) * Fp.inv(1n - y));
+    deepStrictEqual(numberToBytesLE(u, 32), x25519.GuBytes);
+  });
+
+  const group = x25519vectors.testGroups[0];
+  should('wycheproof', () => {
+    for (let i = 0; i < group.tests.length; i++) {
+      const v = group.tests[i];
+      const comment = `(${i}, ${v.result}) ${v.comment}`;
+      if (v.result === 'valid' || v.result === 'acceptable') {
+        try {
+          const shared = hex(x25519.scalarMult(v.private, v.public));
+          deepStrictEqual(shared, v.shared, comment);
+        } catch (e) {
+          // We are more strict
+          if (e.message.includes('Expected valid scalar')) return;
+          if (e.message.includes('Invalid private or public key received')) return;
+          throw e;
+        }
+      } else if (v.result === 'invalid') {
+        let failed = false;
+        try {
+          x25519.scalarMult(v.private, v.public);
+        } catch (error) {
+          failed = true;
+        }
+        deepStrictEqual(failed, true, comment);
+      } else throw new Error('unknown test result');
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+function utf8ToBytes(str) {
+  if (typeof str !== 'string') {
+    throw new Error(`utf8ToBytes expected string, got ${typeof str}`);
+  }
+  return new TextEncoder().encode(str);
+}
+
+describe('ristretto255', () => {
+  should('follow the byte encodings of small multiples', () => {
+    const encodingsOfSmallMultiples = [
+      // This is the identity point
+      '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
+      // This is the basepoint
+      'e2f2ae0a6abc4e71a884a961c500515f58e30b6aa582dd8db6a65945e08d2d76',
+      // These are small multiples of the basepoint
+      '6a493210f7499cd17fecb510ae0cea23a110e8d5b901f8acadd3095c73a3b919',
+      '94741f5d5d52755ece4f23f044ee27d5d1ea1e2bd196b462166b16152a9d0259',
+      'da80862773358b466ffadfe0b3293ab3d9fd53c5ea6c955358f568322daf6a57',
+      'e882b131016b52c1d3337080187cf768423efccbb517bb495ab812c4160ff44e',
+      'f64746d3c92b13050ed8d80236a7f0007c3b3f962f5ba793d19a601ebb1df403',
+      '44f53520926ec81fbd5a387845beb7df85a96a24ece18738bdcfa6a7822a176d',
+      '903293d8f2287ebe10e2374dc1a53e0bc887e592699f02d077d5263cdd55601c',
+      '02622ace8f7303a31cafc63f8fc48fdc16e1c8c8d234b2f0d6685282a9076031',
+      '20706fd788b2720a1ed2a5dad4952b01f413bcf0e7564de8cdc816689e2db95f',
+      'bce83f8ba5dd2fa572864c24ba1810f9522bc6004afe95877ac73241cafdab42',
+      'e4549ee16b9aa03099ca208c67adafcafa4c3f3e4e5303de6026e3ca8ff84460',
+      'aa52e000df2e16f55fb1032fc33bc42742dad6bd5a8fc0be0167436c5948501f',
+      '46376b80f409b29dc2b5f6f0c52591990896e5716f41477cd30085ab7f10301e',
+      'e0c418f7c8d9c4cdd7395b93ea124f3ad99021bb681dfc3302a9d99a2e53e64e',
+    ];
+    let B = RistrettoPoint.BASE;
+    let P = RistrettoPoint.ZERO;
+    for (const encoded of encodingsOfSmallMultiples) {
+      deepStrictEqual(P.toHex(), encoded);
+      deepStrictEqual(RistrettoPoint.fromHex(encoded).toHex(), encoded);
+      P = P.add(B);
+    }
+  });
+  should('not convert bad bytes encoding', () => {
+    const badEncodings = [
+      // These are all bad because they're non-canonical field encodings.
+      '00ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff',
+      'ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff7f',
+      'f3ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff7f',
+      'edffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff7f',
+      // These are all bad because they're negative field elements.
+      '0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
+      '01ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff7f',
+      'ed57ffd8c914fb201471d1c3d245ce3c746fcbe63a3679d51b6a516ebebe0e20',
+      'c34c4e1826e5d403b78e246e88aa051c36ccf0aafebffe137d148a2bf9104562',
+      'c940e5a4404157cfb1628b108db051a8d439e1a421394ec4ebccb9ec92a8ac78',
+      '47cfc5497c53dc8e61c91d17fd626ffb1c49e2bca94eed052281b510b1117a24',
+      'f1c6165d33367351b0da8f6e4511010c68174a03b6581212c71c0e1d026c3c72',
+      '87260f7a2f12495118360f02c26a470f450dadf34a413d21042b43b9d93e1309',
+      // These are all bad because they give a nonsquare x².
+      '26948d35ca62e643e26a83177332e6b6afeb9d08e4268b650f1f5bbd8d81d371',
+      '4eac077a713c57b4f4397629a4145982c661f48044dd3f96427d40b147d9742f',
+      'de6a7b00deadc788eb6b6c8d20c0ae96c2f2019078fa604fee5b87d6e989ad7b',
+      'bcab477be20861e01e4a0e295284146a510150d9817763caf1a6f4b422d67042',
+      '2a292df7e32cababbd9de088d1d1abec9fc0440f637ed2fba145094dc14bea08',
+      'f4a9e534fc0d216c44b218fa0c42d99635a0127ee2e53c712f70609649fdff22',
+      '8268436f8c4126196cf64b3c7ddbda90746a378625f9813dd9b8457077256731',
+      '2810e5cbc2cc4d4eece54f61c6f69758e289aa7ab440b3cbeaa21995c2f4232b',
+      // These are all bad because they give a negative xy value.
+      '3eb858e78f5a7254d8c9731174a94f76755fd3941c0ac93735c07ba14579630e',
+      'a45fdc55c76448c049a1ab33f17023edfb2be3581e9c7aade8a6125215e04220',
+      'd483fe813c6ba647ebbfd3ec41adca1c6130c2beeee9d9bf065c8d151c5f396e',
+      '8a2e1d30050198c65a54483123960ccc38aef6848e1ec8f5f780e8523769ba32',
+      '32888462f8b486c68ad7dd9610be5192bbeaf3b443951ac1a8118419d9fa097b',
+      '227142501b9d4355ccba290404bde41575b037693cef1f438c47f8fbf35d1165',
+      '5c37cc491da847cfeb9281d407efc41e15144c876e0170b499a96a22ed31e01e',
+      '445425117cb8c90edcbc7c1cc0e74f747f2c1efa5630a967c64f287792a48a4b',
+      // This is s = -1, which causes y = 0.
+      'ecffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff7f',
+    ];
+    for (const badBytes of badEncodings) {
+      const b = hexToBytes(badBytes);
+      throws(() => RistrettoPoint.fromHex(b), badBytes);
+    }
+  });
+  should('create right points from uniform hash', () => {
+    const labels = [
+      'Ristretto is traditionally a short shot of espresso coffee',
+      'made with the normal amount of ground coffee but extracted with',
+      'about half the amount of water in the same amount of time',
+      'by using a finer grind.',
+      'This produces a concentrated shot of coffee per volume.',
+      'Just pulling a normal shot short will produce a weaker shot',
+      'and is not a Ristretto as some believe.',
+    ];
+    const encodedHashToPoints = [
+      '3066f82a1a747d45120d1740f14358531a8f04bbffe6a819f86dfe50f44a0a46',
+      'f26e5b6f7d362d2d2a94c5d0e7602cb4773c95a2e5c31a64f133189fa76ed61b',
+      '006ccd2a9e6867e6a2c5cea83d3302cc9de128dd2a9a57dd8ee7b9d7ffe02826',
+      'f8f0c87cf237953c5890aec3998169005dae3eca1fbb04548c635953c817f92a',
+      'ae81e7dedf20a497e10c304a765c1767a42d6e06029758d2d7e8ef7cc4c41179',
+      'e2705652ff9f5e44d3e841bf1c251cf7dddb77d140870d1ab2ed64f1a9ce8628',
+      '80bd07262511cdde4863f8a7434cef696750681cb9510eea557088f76d9e5065',
+    ];
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < labels.length; i++) {
+      const hash = sha512(utf8ToBytes(labels[i]));
+      const point = RistrettoPoint.hashToCurve(hash);
+      deepStrictEqual(point.toHex(), encodedHashToPoints[i]);
+    }
+  });
+  should('have proper equality testing', () => {
+    const MAX_255B = BigInt('0x7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff');
+    const bytes255ToNumberLE = (bytes) =>
+      ed25519ctx.CURVE.Fp.create(bytesToNumberLE(bytes) & MAX_255B);
+
+    const priv = new Uint8Array([
+      198, 101, 65, 165, 93, 120, 37, 238, 16, 133, 10, 35, 253, 243, 161, 246, 229, 135, 12, 137,
+      202, 114, 222, 139, 146, 123, 4, 125, 152, 173, 1, 7,
+    ]);
+    const pub = RistrettoPoint.BASE.multiply(bytes255ToNumberLE(priv));
+    deepStrictEqual(pub.equals(RistrettoPoint.ZERO), false);
+  });
+});
+
+// ESM is broken.
+import url from 'url';
+
+if (import.meta.url === url.pathToFileURL(process.argv[1]).href) {
+  should.run();
+}

test/ed25519.helpers.js

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+export { numberToBytesLE } from '../esm/abstract/utils.js';
+export { ed25519, ED25519_TORSION_SUBGROUP } from '../esm/ed25519.js';

test/ed25519.test.js

@@ -1,24 +1,19 @@
-import { deepEqual, deepStrictEqual, strictEqual, throws } from 'assert';
+import { deepStrictEqual, strictEqual, throws } from 'assert';
-import { describe, should } from 'micro-should';
-import * as fc from 'fast-check';
-import {
-  ed25519,
-  ed25519ctx,
-  ed25519ph,
-  x25519,
-  RistrettoPoint,
-  ED25519_TORSION_SUBGROUP,
-} from '../lib/esm/ed25519.js';
 import { readFileSync } from 'fs';
+import { bytesToHex, concatBytes, hexToBytes, utf8ToBytes, randomBytes } from '@noble/hashes/utils';
+import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { describe, should } from 'micro-should';
+import { ed25519 as ed, ED25519_TORSION_SUBGROUP, numberToBytesLE } from './ed25519.helpers.js';
+// Old vectors allow to test sign() because they include private key
+import { default as ed25519vectors_OLD } from './ed25519/ed25519_test_OLD.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as ed25519vectors } from './wycheproof/ed25519_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 import { default as zip215 } from './ed25519/zip215.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-import { hexToBytes, bytesToHex, randomBytes } from '@noble/hashes/utils';
+import { default as edgeCases } from './ed25519/edge-cases.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-import { numberToBytesLE } from '../lib/esm/abstract/utils.js';
+
-import { sha512 } from '@noble/hashes/sha512';
+// Any changes to the file will need to be aware of the fact
-import { default as ed25519vectors } from './wycheproof/eddsa_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+// the file is shared between noble-curves and noble-ed25519.
-import { default as x25519vectors } from './wycheproof/x25519_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 
 describe('ed25519', () => {
-  const ed = ed25519;
   const hex = bytesToHex;
   const Point = ed.ExtendedPoint;
 
@@ -27,13 +22,6 @@ describe('ed25519', () => {
     return hexToBytes(hex.padStart(64, '0'));
   }
 
-  function utf8ToBytes(str) {
-    if (typeof str !== 'string') {
-      throw new Error(`utf8ToBytes expected string, got ${typeof str}`);
-    }
-    return new TextEncoder().encode(str);
-  }
-
   ed.utils.precompute(8);
 
   should('not accept >32byte private keys', () => {
@@ -292,104 +280,6 @@ describe('ed25519', () => {
   // //   const signature = await ristretto25519.sign(MESSAGE, PRIVATE_KEY);
   // //   expect(await ristretto25519.verify(signature, WRONG_MESSAGE, publicKey)).toBe(false);
   // // });
-  should('ristretto255/should follow the byte encodings of small multiples', () => {
-    const encodingsOfSmallMultiples = [
-      // This is the identity point
-      '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
-      // This is the basepoint
-      'e2f2ae0a6abc4e71a884a961c500515f58e30b6aa582dd8db6a65945e08d2d76',
-      // These are small multiples of the basepoint
-      '6a493210f7499cd17fecb510ae0cea23a110e8d5b901f8acadd3095c73a3b919',
-      '94741f5d5d52755ece4f23f044ee27d5d1ea1e2bd196b462166b16152a9d0259',
-      'da80862773358b466ffadfe0b3293ab3d9fd53c5ea6c955358f568322daf6a57',
-      'e882b131016b52c1d3337080187cf768423efccbb517bb495ab812c4160ff44e',
-      'f64746d3c92b13050ed8d80236a7f0007c3b3f962f5ba793d19a601ebb1df403',
-      '44f53520926ec81fbd5a387845beb7df85a96a24ece18738bdcfa6a7822a176d',
-      '903293d8f2287ebe10e2374dc1a53e0bc887e592699f02d077d5263cdd55601c',
-      '02622ace8f7303a31cafc63f8fc48fdc16e1c8c8d234b2f0d6685282a9076031',
-      '20706fd788b2720a1ed2a5dad4952b01f413bcf0e7564de8cdc816689e2db95f',
-      'bce83f8ba5dd2fa572864c24ba1810f9522bc6004afe95877ac73241cafdab42',
-      'e4549ee16b9aa03099ca208c67adafcafa4c3f3e4e5303de6026e3ca8ff84460',
-      'aa52e000df2e16f55fb1032fc33bc42742dad6bd5a8fc0be0167436c5948501f',
-      '46376b80f409b29dc2b5f6f0c52591990896e5716f41477cd30085ab7f10301e',
-      'e0c418f7c8d9c4cdd7395b93ea124f3ad99021bb681dfc3302a9d99a2e53e64e',
-    ];
-    let B = RistrettoPoint.BASE;
-    let P = RistrettoPoint.ZERO;
-    for (const encoded of encodingsOfSmallMultiples) {
-      deepStrictEqual(P.toHex(), encoded);
-      deepStrictEqual(RistrettoPoint.fromHex(encoded).toHex(), encoded);
-      P = P.add(B);
-    }
-  });
-  should('ristretto255/should not convert bad bytes encoding', () => {
-    const badEncodings = [
-      // These are all bad because they're non-canonical field encodings.
-      '00ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff',
-      'ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff7f',
-      'f3ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff7f',
-      'edffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff7f',
-      // These are all bad because they're negative field elements.
-      '0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
-      '01ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff7f',
-      'ed57ffd8c914fb201471d1c3d245ce3c746fcbe63a3679d51b6a516ebebe0e20',
-      'c34c4e1826e5d403b78e246e88aa051c36ccf0aafebffe137d148a2bf9104562',
-      'c940e5a4404157cfb1628b108db051a8d439e1a421394ec4ebccb9ec92a8ac78',
-      '47cfc5497c53dc8e61c91d17fd626ffb1c49e2bca94eed052281b510b1117a24',
-      'f1c6165d33367351b0da8f6e4511010c68174a03b6581212c71c0e1d026c3c72',
-      '87260f7a2f12495118360f02c26a470f450dadf34a413d21042b43b9d93e1309',
-      // These are all bad because they give a nonsquare x².
-      '26948d35ca62e643e26a83177332e6b6afeb9d08e4268b650f1f5bbd8d81d371',
-      '4eac077a713c57b4f4397629a4145982c661f48044dd3f96427d40b147d9742f',
-      'de6a7b00deadc788eb6b6c8d20c0ae96c2f2019078fa604fee5b87d6e989ad7b',
-      'bcab477be20861e01e4a0e295284146a510150d9817763caf1a6f4b422d67042',
-      '2a292df7e32cababbd9de088d1d1abec9fc0440f637ed2fba145094dc14bea08',
-      'f4a9e534fc0d216c44b218fa0c42d99635a0127ee2e53c712f70609649fdff22',
-      '8268436f8c4126196cf64b3c7ddbda90746a378625f9813dd9b8457077256731',
-      '2810e5cbc2cc4d4eece54f61c6f69758e289aa7ab440b3cbeaa21995c2f4232b',
-      // These are all bad because they give a negative xy value.
-      '3eb858e78f5a7254d8c9731174a94f76755fd3941c0ac93735c07ba14579630e',
-      'a45fdc55c76448c049a1ab33f17023edfb2be3581e9c7aade8a6125215e04220',
-      'd483fe813c6ba647ebbfd3ec41adca1c6130c2beeee9d9bf065c8d151c5f396e',
-      '8a2e1d30050198c65a54483123960ccc38aef6848e1ec8f5f780e8523769ba32',
-      '32888462f8b486c68ad7dd9610be5192bbeaf3b443951ac1a8118419d9fa097b',
-      '227142501b9d4355ccba290404bde41575b037693cef1f438c47f8fbf35d1165',
-      '5c37cc491da847cfeb9281d407efc41e15144c876e0170b499a96a22ed31e01e',
-      '445425117cb8c90edcbc7c1cc0e74f747f2c1efa5630a967c64f287792a48a4b',
-      // This is s = -1, which causes y = 0.
-      'ecffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff7f',
-    ];
-    for (const badBytes of badEncodings) {
-      const b = hexToBytes(badBytes);
-      throws(() => RistrettoPoint.fromHex(b), badBytes);
-    }
-  });
-  should('ristretto255/should create right points from uniform hash', () => {
-    const labels = [
-      'Ristretto is traditionally a short shot of espresso coffee',
-      'made with the normal amount of ground coffee but extracted with',
-      'about half the amount of water in the same amount of time',
-      'by using a finer grind.',
-      'This produces a concentrated shot of coffee per volume.',
-      'Just pulling a normal shot short will produce a weaker shot',
-      'and is not a Ristretto as some believe.',
-    ];
-    const encodedHashToPoints = [
-      '3066f82a1a747d45120d1740f14358531a8f04bbffe6a819f86dfe50f44a0a46',
-      'f26e5b6f7d362d2d2a94c5d0e7602cb4773c95a2e5c31a64f133189fa76ed61b',
-      '006ccd2a9e6867e6a2c5cea83d3302cc9de128dd2a9a57dd8ee7b9d7ffe02826',
-      'f8f0c87cf237953c5890aec3998169005dae3eca1fbb04548c635953c817f92a',
-      'ae81e7dedf20a497e10c304a765c1767a42d6e06029758d2d7e8ef7cc4c41179',
-      'e2705652ff9f5e44d3e841bf1c251cf7dddb77d140870d1ab2ed64f1a9ce8628',
-      '80bd07262511cdde4863f8a7434cef696750681cb9510eea557088f76d9e5065',
-    ];
-
-    for (let i = 0; i < labels.length; i++) {
-      const hash = sha512(utf8ToBytes(labels[i]));
-      const point = RistrettoPoint.hashToCurve(hash);
-      deepStrictEqual(point.toHex(), encodedHashToPoints[i]);
-    }
-  });
 
   should('input immutability: sign/verify are immutable', () => {
     const privateKey = ed.utils.randomPrivateKey();
@@ -413,7 +303,8 @@ describe('ed25519', () => {
 
   // https://zips.z.cash/zip-0215
   // Vectors from https://gist.github.com/hdevalence/93ed42d17ecab8e42138b213812c8cc7
-  should('ZIP-215 compliance tests/should pass all of them', () => {
+  describe('ZIP215', () => {
+    should('pass all compliance tests', () => {
       const str = utf8ToBytes('Zcash');
       for (let v of zip215) {
         let noble = false;
@@ -425,56 +316,12 @@ describe('ed25519', () => {
         deepStrictEqual(noble, v.valid_zip215, JSON.stringify(v));
       }
     });
-  should('ZIP-215 compliance tests/disallows sig.s >= CURVE.n', () => {
+    should('disallow sig.s >= CURVE.n', () => {
       // sig.R = BASE, sig.s = N+1
       const sig =
         '5866666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666eed3f55c1a631258d69cf7a2def9de1400000000000000000000000000000010';
-    throws(() => ed.verify(sig, 'deadbeef', Point.BASE));
+      deepStrictEqual(ed.verify(sig, 'deadbeef', Point.BASE), false);
     });
-
-  const rfc7748Mul = [
-    {
-      scalar: 'a546e36bf0527c9d3b16154b82465edd62144c0ac1fc5a18506a2244ba449ac4',
-      u: 'e6db6867583030db3594c1a424b15f7c726624ec26b3353b10a903a6d0ab1c4c',
-      outputU: 'c3da55379de9c6908e94ea4df28d084f32eccf03491c71f754b4075577a28552',
-    },
-    {
-      scalar: '4b66e9d4d1b4673c5ad22691957d6af5c11b6421e0ea01d42ca4169e7918ba0d',
-      u: 'e5210f12786811d3f4b7959d0538ae2c31dbe7106fc03c3efc4cd549c715a493',
-      outputU: '95cbde9476e8907d7aade45cb4b873f88b595a68799fa152e6f8f7647aac7957',
-    },
-  ];
-  for (let i = 0; i < rfc7748Mul.length; i++) {
-    const v = rfc7748Mul[i];
-    should(`RFC7748: scalarMult (${i})`, () => {
-      deepStrictEqual(hex(x25519.scalarMult(v.scalar, v.u)), v.outputU);
-    });
-  }
-
-  const rfc7748Iter = [
-    { scalar: '422c8e7a6227d7bca1350b3e2bb7279f7897b87bb6854b783c60e80311ae3079', iters: 1 },
-    { scalar: '684cf59ba83309552800ef566f2f4d3c1c3887c49360e3875f2eb94d99532c51', iters: 1000 },
-    // { scalar: '7c3911e0ab2586fd864497297e575e6f3bc601c0883c30df5f4dd2d24f665424', iters: 1000000 },
-  ];
-  for (let i = 0; i < rfc7748Iter.length; i++) {
-    const { scalar, iters } = rfc7748Iter[i];
-    should(`RFC7748: scalarMult iteration (${i})`, () => {
-      let k = x25519.Gu;
-      for (let i = 0, u = k; i < iters; i++) [k, u] = [x25519.scalarMult(k, u), k];
-      deepStrictEqual(hex(k), scalar);
-    });
-  }
-
-  should('RFC7748 getSharedKey', () => {
-    const alicePrivate = '77076d0a7318a57d3c16c17251b26645df4c2f87ebc0992ab177fba51db92c2a';
-    const alicePublic = '8520f0098930a754748b7ddcb43ef75a0dbf3a0d26381af4eba4a98eaa9b4e6a';
-    const bobPrivate = '5dab087e624a8a4b79e17f8b83800ee66f3bb1292618b6fd1c2f8b27ff88e0eb';
-    const bobPublic = 'de9edb7d7b7dc1b4d35b61c2ece435373f8343c85b78674dadfc7e146f882b4f';
-    const shared = '4a5d9d5ba4ce2de1728e3bf480350f25e07e21c947d19e3376f09b3c1e161742';
-    deepStrictEqual(alicePublic, hex(x25519.getPublicKey(alicePrivate)));
-    deepStrictEqual(bobPublic, hex(x25519.getPublicKey(bobPrivate)));
-    deepStrictEqual(hex(x25519.scalarMult(alicePrivate, bobPublic)), shared);
-    deepStrictEqual(hex(x25519.scalarMult(bobPrivate, alicePublic)), shared);
   });
 
   // should('X25519/getSharedSecret() should be commutative', () => {
@@ -499,38 +346,9 @@ describe('ed25519', () => {
   //   );
   // });
 
-  {
+  should(`wycheproof/ED25519 (OLD)`, () => {
-    const group = x25519vectors.testGroups[0];
+    for (let g = 0; g < ed25519vectors_OLD.testGroups.length; g++) {
-    should(`Wycheproof/X25519`, () => {
+      const group = ed25519vectors_OLD.testGroups[g];
-      for (let i = 0; i < group.tests.length; i++) {
-        const v = group.tests[i];
-        const comment = `(${i}, ${v.result}) ${v.comment}`;
-        if (v.result === 'valid' || v.result === 'acceptable') {
-          try {
-            const shared = hex(x25519.scalarMult(v.private, v.public));
-            deepStrictEqual(shared, v.shared, comment);
-          } catch (e) {
-            // We are more strict
-            if (e.message.includes('Expected valid scalar')) return;
-            if (e.message.includes('Invalid private or public key received')) return;
-            throw e;
-          }
-        } else if (v.result === 'invalid') {
-          let failed = false;
-          try {
-            x25519.scalarMult(v.private, v.public);
-          } catch (error) {
-            failed = true;
-          }
-          deepStrictEqual(failed, true, comment);
-        } else throw new Error('unknown test result');
-      }
-    });
-  }
-
-  should(`Wycheproof/ED25519`, () => {
-    for (let g = 0; g < ed25519vectors.testGroups.length; g++) {
-      const group = ed25519vectors.testGroups[g];
       const key = group.key;
       deepStrictEqual(hex(ed.getPublicKey(key.sk)), key.pk, `(${g}, public)`);
       for (let i = 0; i < group.tests.length; i++) {
@@ -552,98 +370,35 @@ describe('ed25519', () => {
     }
   });
 
-  should('Property test issue #1', () => {
+  should(`wycheproof/ED25519`, () => {
+    for (let g = 0; g < ed25519vectors.testGroups.length; g++) {
+      const group = ed25519vectors.testGroups[g];
+      const key = group.publicKey;
+      for (let i = 0; i < group.tests.length; i++) {
+        const v = group.tests[i];
+        const comment = `(${g}/${i}, ${v.result}): ${v.comment}`;
+        if (v.result === 'valid' || v.result === 'acceptable') {
+          deepStrictEqual(ed.verify(v.sig, v.msg, key.pk), true, comment);
+        } else if (v.result === 'invalid') {
+          let failed = false;
+          try {
+            failed = !ed.verify(v.sig, v.msg, key.pk);
+          } catch (error) {
+            failed = true;
+          }
+          deepStrictEqual(failed, true, comment);
+        } else throw new Error('unknown test result');
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  should('not mutate inputs', () => {
     const message = new Uint8Array([12, 12, 12]);
     const signature = ed.sign(message, to32Bytes(1n));
     const publicKey = ed.getPublicKey(to32Bytes(1n)); // <- was 1n
     deepStrictEqual(ed.verify(signature, message, publicKey), true);
   });
 
-  const VECTORS_RFC8032_CTX = [
-    {
-      secretKey: '0305334e381af78f141cb666f6199f57bc3495335a256a95bd2a55bf546663f6',
-      publicKey: 'dfc9425e4f968f7f0c29f0259cf5f9aed6851c2bb4ad8bfb860cfee0ab248292',
-      message: 'f726936d19c800494e3fdaff20b276a8',
-      context: '666f6f',
-      signature:
-        '55a4cc2f70a54e04288c5f4cd1e45a7b' +
-        'b520b36292911876cada7323198dd87a' +
-        '8b36950b95130022907a7fb7c4e9b2d5' +
-        'f6cca685a587b4b21f4b888e4e7edb0d',
-    },
-    {
-      secretKey: '0305334e381af78f141cb666f6199f57bc3495335a256a95bd2a55bf546663f6',
-      publicKey: 'dfc9425e4f968f7f0c29f0259cf5f9aed6851c2bb4ad8bfb860cfee0ab248292',
-      message: 'f726936d19c800494e3fdaff20b276a8',
-      context: '626172',
-      signature:
-        'fc60d5872fc46b3aa69f8b5b4351d580' +
-        '8f92bcc044606db097abab6dbcb1aee3' +
-        '216c48e8b3b66431b5b186d1d28f8ee1' +
-        '5a5ca2df6668346291c2043d4eb3e90d',
-    },
-    {
-      secretKey: '0305334e381af78f141cb666f6199f57bc3495335a256a95bd2a55bf546663f6',
-      publicKey: 'dfc9425e4f968f7f0c29f0259cf5f9aed6851c2bb4ad8bfb860cfee0ab248292',
-      message: '508e9e6882b979fea900f62adceaca35',
-      context: '666f6f',
-      signature:
-        '8b70c1cc8310e1de20ac53ce28ae6e72' +
-        '07f33c3295e03bb5c0732a1d20dc6490' +
-        '8922a8b052cf99b7c4fe107a5abb5b2c' +
-        '4085ae75890d02df26269d8945f84b0b',
-    },
-    {
-      secretKey: 'ab9c2853ce297ddab85c993b3ae14bcad39b2c682beabc27d6d4eb20711d6560',
-      publicKey: '0f1d1274943b91415889152e893d80e93275a1fc0b65fd71b4b0dda10ad7d772',
-      message: 'f726936d19c800494e3fdaff20b276a8',
-      context: '666f6f',
-      signature:
-        '21655b5f1aa965996b3f97b3c849eafb' +
-        'a922a0a62992f73b3d1b73106a84ad85' +
-        'e9b86a7b6005ea868337ff2d20a7f5fb' +
-        'd4cd10b0be49a68da2b2e0dc0ad8960f',
-    },
-  ];
-
-  for (let i = 0; i < VECTORS_RFC8032_CTX.length; i++) {
-    const v = VECTORS_RFC8032_CTX[i];
-    should(`RFC8032ctx/${i}`, () => {
-      deepStrictEqual(hex(ed25519ctx.getPublicKey(v.secretKey)), v.publicKey);
-      deepStrictEqual(hex(ed25519ctx.sign(v.message, v.secretKey, v.context)), v.signature);
-      deepStrictEqual(ed25519ctx.verify(v.signature, v.message, v.publicKey, v.context), true);
-    });
-  }
-
-  const VECTORS_RFC8032_PH = [
-    {
-      secretKey: '833fe62409237b9d62ec77587520911e9a759cec1d19755b7da901b96dca3d42',
-      publicKey: 'ec172b93ad5e563bf4932c70e1245034c35467ef2efd4d64ebf819683467e2bf',
-      message: '616263',
-      signature:
-        '98a70222f0b8121aa9d30f813d683f80' +
-        '9e462b469c7ff87639499bb94e6dae41' +
-        '31f85042463c2a355a2003d062adf5aa' +
-        'a10b8c61e636062aaad11c2a26083406',
-    },
-  ];
-
-  for (let i = 0; i < VECTORS_RFC8032_PH.length; i++) {
-    const v = VECTORS_RFC8032_PH[i];
-    should(`RFC8032ph/${i}`, () => {
-      deepStrictEqual(hex(ed25519ph.getPublicKey(v.secretKey)), v.publicKey);
-      deepStrictEqual(hex(ed25519ph.sign(v.message, v.secretKey)), v.signature);
-      deepStrictEqual(ed25519ph.verify(v.signature, v.message, v.publicKey), true);
-    });
-  }
-
-  should('X25519 base point', () => {
-    const { y } = ed25519.ExtendedPoint.BASE;
-    const { Fp } = ed25519.CURVE;
-    const u = Fp.create((y + 1n) * Fp.inv(1n - y));
-    deepStrictEqual(hex(numberToBytesLE(u, 32)), x25519.Gu);
-  });
-
   should('isTorsionFree()', () => {
     const orig = ed.utils.getExtendedPublicKey(ed.utils.randomPrivateKey()).point;
     for (const hex of ED25519_TORSION_SUBGROUP.slice(1)) {
@@ -654,15 +409,42 @@ describe('ed25519', () => {
       strictEqual(cleared.isTorsionFree(), true, `cleared must be torsionFree: ${hex}`);
     }
   });
-});
 
-should('ed25519 bug', () => {
+  should('have strict SUF-CMA and SBS properties', () => {
+    // https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/1244
+    const list = [0, 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11].map((i) => edgeCases[i]);
+    for (let v of list) {
+      const result = ed.verify(v.signature, v.message, v.pub_key, { zip215: false });
+      strictEqual(result, false, `zip215: false must not validate: ${v.signature}`);
+    }
+  });
+
+  should('not verify when sig.s >= CURVE.n', () => {
+    const privateKey = ed.utils.randomPrivateKey();
+    const message = Uint8Array.from([0xab, 0xbc, 0xcd, 0xde]);
+    const publicKey = ed.getPublicKey(privateKey);
+    const signature = ed.sign(message, privateKey);
+
+    const R = signature.slice(0, 32);
+    let s = signature.slice(32, 64);
+
+    s = bytesToHex(s.slice().reverse());
+    s = BigInt('0x' + s);
+    s = s + ed.CURVE.n;
+    s = numberToBytesLE(s, 32);
+
+    const sig_invalid = concatBytes(R, s);
+    deepStrictEqual(ed.verify(sig_invalid, message, publicKey), false);
+  });
+
+  should('not accept point without z, t', () => {
     const t = 81718630521762619991978402609047527194981150691135404693881672112315521837062n;
-  const point = ed25519.ExtendedPoint.fromAffine({ x: t, y: t });
+    const point = Point.fromAffine({ x: t, y: t });
     throws(() => point.assertValidity());
     // Otherwise (without assertValidity):
     // const point2 = point.double();
     // point2.toAffine(); // crash!
+  });
 });
 
 // ESM is broken.

test/ed25519/edge-cases.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+[{"message":"8c93255d71dcab10e8f379c26200f3c7bd5f09d9bc3068d3ef4edeb4853022b6","pub_key":"c7176a703d4dd84fba3c0b760d10670f2a2053fa2c39ccc64ec7fd7792ac03fa","signature":"c7176a703d4dd84fba3c0b760d10670f2a2053fa2c39ccc64ec7fd7792ac037a0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"},{"message":"9bd9f44f4dcc75bd531b56b2cd280b0bb38fc1cd6d1230e14861d861de092e79","pub_key":"c7176a703d4dd84fba3c0b760d10670f2a2053fa2c39ccc64ec7fd7792ac03fa","signature":"f7badec5b8abeaf699583992219b7b223f1df3fbbea919844e3f7c554a43dd43a5bb704786be79fc476f91d3f3f89b03984d8068dcf1bb7dfc6637b45450ac04"},{"message":"aebf3f2601a0c8c5d39cc7d8911642f740b78168218da8471772b35f9d35b9ab","pub_key":"f7badec5b8abeaf699583992219b7b223f1df3fbbea919844e3f7c554a43dd43","signature":"c7176a703d4dd84fba3c0b760d10670f2a2053fa2c39ccc64ec7fd7792ac03fa8c4bd45aecaca5b24fb97bc10ac27ac8751a7dfe1baff8b953ec9f5833ca260e"},{"message":"9bd9f44f4dcc75bd531b56b2cd280b0bb38fc1cd6d1230e14861d861de092e79","pub_key":"cdb267ce40c5cd45306fa5d2f29731459387dbf9eb933b7bd5aed9a765b88d4d","signature":"9046a64750444938de19f227bb80485e92b83fdb4b6506c160484c016cc1852f87909e14428a7a1d62e9f22f3d3ad7802db02eb2e688b6c52fcd6648a98bd009"},{"message":"e47d62c63f830dc7a6851a0b1f33ae4bb2f507fb6cffec4011eaccd55b53f56c","pub_key":"cdb267ce40c5cd45306fa5d2f29731459387dbf9eb933b7bd5aed9a765b88d4d","signature":"160a1cb0dc9c0258cd0a7d23e94d8fa878bcb1925f2c64246b2dee1796bed5125ec6bc982a269b723e0668e540911a9a6a58921d6925e434ab10aa7940551a09"},{"message":"e47d62c63f830dc7a6851a0b1f33ae4bb2f507fb6cffec4011eaccd55b53f56c","pub_key":"cdb267ce40c5cd45306fa5d2f29731459387dbf9eb933b7bd5aed9a765b88d4d","signature":"21122a84e0b5fca4052f5b1235c80a537878b38f3142356b2c2384ebad4668b7e40bc836dac0f71076f9abe3a53f9c03c1ceeeddb658d0030494ace586687405"},{"message":"85e241a07d148b41e47d62c63f830dc7a6851a0b1f33ae4bb2f507fb6cffec40","pub_key":"442aad9f089ad9e14647b1ef9099a1ff4798d78589e66f28eca69c11f582a623","signature":"e96f66be976d82e60150baecff9906684aebb1ef181f67a7189ac78ea23b6c0e547f7690a0e2ddcd04d87dbc3490dc19b3b3052f7ff0538cb68afb369ba3a514"},{"message":"85e241a07d148b41e47d62c63f830dc7a6851a0b1f33ae4bb2f507fb6cffec40","pub_key":"442aad9f089ad9e14647b1ef9099a1ff4798d78589e66f28eca69c11f582a623","signature":"8ce5b96c8f26d0ab6c47958c9e68b937104cd36e13c33566acd2fe8d38aa19427e71f98a473474f2f13f06f97c20d58cc3f54b8bd0d272f42b695dd7e89a8c22"},{"message":"9bedc267423725d473888631ebf45988bad3db83851ee85c85e241a07d148b41","pub_key":"f7badec5b8abeaf699583992219b7b223f1df3fbbea919844e3f7c554a43dd43","signature":"ecffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff03be9678ac102edcd92b0210bb34d7428d12ffc5df5f37e359941266a4e35f0f"},{"message":"9bedc267423725d473888631ebf45988bad3db83851ee85c85e241a07d148b41","pub_key":"f7badec5b8abeaf699583992219b7b223f1df3fbbea919844e3f7c554a43dd43","signature":"ecffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffca8c5b64cd208982aa38d4936621a4775aa233aa0505711d8fdcfdaa943d4908"},{"message":"e96b7021eb39c1a163b6da4e3093dcd3f21387da4cc4572be588fafae23c155b","pub_key":"ecffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff","signature":"a9d55260f765261eb9b84e106f665e00b867287a761990d7135963ee0a7d59dca5bb704786be79fc476f91d3f3f89b03984d8068dcf1bb7dfc6637b45450ac04"},{"message":"39a591f5321bbe07fd5a23dc2f39d025d74526615746727ceefd6e82ae65c06f","pub_key":"ecffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff","signature":"a9d55260f765261eb9b84e106f665e00b867287a761990d7135963ee0a7d59dca5bb704786be79fc476f91d3f3f89b03984d8068dcf1bb7dfc6637b45450ac04"}]

test/ed448-addons.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+import { bytesToHex as hex, hexToBytes } from '@noble/hashes/utils';
+import { deepStrictEqual, throws } from 'assert';
+import { describe, should } from 'micro-should';
+import { bytesToNumberLE } from '../esm/abstract/utils.js';
+import { ed448, DecafPoint } from '../esm/ed448.js';
+
+describe('decaf448', () => {
+  should('follow the byte encodings of small multiples', () => {
+    const encodingsOfSmallMultiples = [
+      // This is the identity point
+      '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
+      // This is the basepoint
+      '6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666633333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333',
+      // These are small multiples of the basepoint
+      'c898eb4f87f97c564c6fd61fc7e49689314a1f818ec85eeb3bd5514ac816d38778f69ef347a89fca817e66defdedce178c7cc709b2116e75',
+      'a0c09bf2ba7208fda0f4bfe3d0f5b29a543012306d43831b5adc6fe7f8596fa308763db15468323b11cf6e4aeb8c18fe44678f44545a69bc',
+      'b46f1836aa287c0a5a5653f0ec5ef9e903f436e21c1570c29ad9e5f596da97eeaf17150ae30bcb3174d04bc2d712c8c7789d7cb4fda138f4',
+      '1c5bbecf4741dfaae79db72dface00eaaac502c2060934b6eaaeca6a20bd3da9e0be8777f7d02033d1b15884232281a41fc7f80eed04af5e',
+      '86ff0182d40f7f9edb7862515821bd67bfd6165a3c44de95d7df79b8779ccf6460e3c68b70c16aaa280f2d7b3f22d745b97a89906cfc476c',
+      '502bcb6842eb06f0e49032bae87c554c031d6d4d2d7694efbf9c468d48220c50f8ca28843364d70cee92d6fe246e61448f9db9808b3b2408',
+      '0c9810f1e2ebd389caa789374d78007974ef4d17227316f40e578b336827da3f6b482a4794eb6a3975b971b5e1388f52e91ea2f1bcb0f912',
+      '20d41d85a18d5657a29640321563bbd04c2ffbd0a37a7ba43a4f7d263ce26faf4e1f74f9f4b590c69229ae571fe37fa639b5b8eb48bd9a55',
+      'e6b4b8f408c7010d0601e7eda0c309a1a42720d6d06b5759fdc4e1efe22d076d6c44d42f508d67be462914d28b8edce32e7094305164af17',
+      'be88bbb86c59c13d8e9d09ab98105f69c2d1dd134dbcd3b0863658f53159db64c0e139d180f3c89b8296d0ae324419c06fa87fc7daaf34c1',
+      'a456f9369769e8f08902124a0314c7a06537a06e32411f4f93415950a17badfa7442b6217434a3a05ef45be5f10bd7b2ef8ea00c431edec5',
+      '186e452c4466aa4383b4c00210d52e7922dbf9771e8b47e229a9b7b73c8d10fd7ef0b6e41530f91f24a3ed9ab71fa38b98b2fe4746d51d68',
+      '4ae7fdcae9453f195a8ead5cbe1a7b9699673b52c40ab27927464887be53237f7f3a21b938d40d0ec9e15b1d5130b13ffed81373a53e2b43',
+      '841981c3bfeec3f60cfeca75d9d8dc17f46cf0106f2422b59aec580a58f342272e3a5e575a055ddb051390c54c24c6ecb1e0aceb075f6056',
+    ];
+    let B = DecafPoint.BASE;
+    let P = DecafPoint.ZERO;
+    for (const encoded of encodingsOfSmallMultiples) {
+      deepStrictEqual(P.toHex(), encoded);
+      deepStrictEqual(DecafPoint.fromHex(encoded).toHex(), encoded);
+      P = P.add(B);
+    }
+  });
+  should('not convert bad bytes encoding', () => {
+    const badEncodings = [
+      // These are all bad because they're non-canonical field encodings.
+      '8e24f838059ee9fef1e209126defe53dcd74ef9b6304601c6966099effffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff',
+      '86fcc7212bd4a0b980928666dc28c444a605ef38e09fb569e28d4443ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff',
+      '866d54bd4c4ff41a55d4eefdbeca73cbd653c7bd3135b383708ec0bdffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff',
+      '4a380ccdab9c86364a89e77a464d64f9157538cfdfa686adc0d5ece4ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff',
+      'f22d9d4c945dd44d11e0b1d3d3d358d959b4844d83b08c44e659d79fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff',
+      '8cdffc681aa99e9c818c8ef4c3808b58e86acdef1ab68c8477af185bffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff',
+      '0e1c12ac7b5920effbd044e897c57634e2d05b5c27f8fa3df8a086a1ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff',
+      // These are all bad because they're negative field elements.
+      '15141bd2121837ef71a0016bd11be757507221c26542244f23806f3fd3496b7d4c36826276f3bf5deea2c60c4fa4cec69946876da497e795',
+      '455d380238434ab740a56267f4f46b7d2eb2dd8ee905e51d7b0ae8a6cb2bae501e67df34ab21fa45946068c9f233939b1d9521a998b7cb93',
+      '810b1d8e8bf3a9c023294bbfd3d905a97531709bdc0f42390feedd7010f77e98686d400c9c86ed250ceecd9de0a18888ffecda0f4ea1c60d',
+      'd3af9cc41be0e5de83c0c6273bedcb9351970110044a9a41c7b9b2267cdb9d7bf4dc9c2fdb8bed32878184604f1d9944305a8df4274ce301',
+      '9312bcab09009e4330ff89c4bc1e9e000d863efc3c863d3b6c507a40fd2cdefde1bf0892b4b5ed9780b91ed1398fb4a7344c605aa5efda74',
+      '53d11bce9e62a29d63ed82ae93761bdd76e38c21e2822d6ebee5eb1c5b8a03eaf9df749e2490eda9d8ac27d1f71150de93668074d18d1c3a',
+      '697c1aed3cd8858515d4be8ac158b229fe184d79cb2b06e49210a6f3a7cd537bcd9bd390d96c4ab6a4406da5d93640726285370cfa95df80',
+      // These are all bad because they give a nonsquare x².
+      '58ad48715c9a102569b68b88362a4b0645781f5a19eb7e59c6a4686fd0f0750ff42e3d7af1ab38c29d69b670f31258919c9fdbf6093d06c0',
+      '8ca37ee2b15693f06e910cf43c4e32f1d5551dda8b1e48cb6ddd55e440dbc7b296b601919a4e4069f59239ca247ff693f7daa42f086122b1',
+      '982c0ec7f43d9f97c0a74b36db0abd9ca6bfb98123a90782787242c8a523cdc76df14a910d54471127e7662a1059201f902940cd39d57af5',
+      'baa9ab82d07ca282b968a911a6c3728d74bf2fe258901925787f03ee4be7e3cb6684fd1bcfe5071a9a974ad249a4aaa8ca81264216c68574',
+      '2ed9ffe2ded67a372b181ac524996402c42970629db03f5e8636cbaf6074b523d154a7a8c4472c4c353ab88cd6fec7da7780834cc5bd5242',
+      'f063769e4241e76d815800e4933a3a144327a30ec40758ad3723a788388399f7b3f5d45b6351eb8eddefda7d5bff4ee920d338a8b89d8b63',
+      '5a0104f1f55d152ceb68bc138182499891d90ee8f09b40038ccc1e07cb621fd462f781d045732a4f0bda73f0b2acf94355424ff0388d4b9c',
+    ];
+    for (const badBytes of badEncodings) {
+      const b = hexToBytes(badBytes);
+      throws(() => DecafPoint.fromHex(b), badBytes);
+    }
+  });
+  should('create right points from uniform hash', () => {
+    const hashes = [
+      'cbb8c991fd2f0b7e1913462d6463e4fd2ce4ccdd28274dc2ca1f4165d5ee6cdccea57be3416e166fd06718a31af45a2f8e987e301be59ae6673e963001dbbda80df47014a21a26d6c7eb4ebe0312aa6fffb8d1b26bc62ca40ed51f8057a635a02c2b8c83f48fa6a2d70f58a1185902c0',
+      'b6d8da654b13c3101d6634a231569e6b85961c3f4b460a08ac4a5857069576b64428676584baa45b97701be6d0b0ba18ac28d443403b45699ea0fbd1164f5893d39ad8f29e48e399aec5902508ea95e33bc1e9e4620489d684eb5c26bc1ad1e09aba61fabc2cdfee0b6b6862ffc8e55a',
+      '36a69976c3e5d74e4904776993cbac27d10f25f5626dd45c51d15dcf7b3e6a5446a6649ec912a56895d6baa9dc395ce9e34b868d9fb2c1fc72eb6495702ea4f446c9b7a188a4e0826b1506b0747a6709f37988ff1aeb5e3788d5076ccbb01a4bc6623c92ff147a1e21b29cc3fdd0e0f4',
+      'd5938acbba432ecd5617c555a6a777734494f176259bff9dab844c81aadcf8f7abd1a9001d89c7008c1957272c1786a4293bb0ee7cb37cf3988e2513b14e1b75249a5343643d3c5e5545a0c1a2a4d3c685927c38bc5e5879d68745464e2589e000b31301f1dfb7471a4f1300d6fd0f99',
+      '4dec58199a35f531a5f0a9f71a53376d7b4bdd6bbd2904234a8ea65bbacbce2a542291378157a8f4be7b6a092672a34d85e473b26ccfbd4cdc6739783dc3f4f6ee3537b7aed81df898c7ea0ae89a15b5559596c2a5eeacf8b2b362f3db2940e3798b63203cae77c4683ebaed71533e51',
+      'df2aa1536abb4acab26efa538ce07fd7bca921b13e17bc5ebcba7d1b6b733deda1d04c220f6b5ab35c61b6bcb15808251cab909a01465b8ae3fc770850c66246d5a9eae9e2877e0826e2b8dc1bc08009590bc6778a84e919fbd28e02a0f9c49b48dc689eb5d5d922dc01469968ee81b5',
+      'e9fb440282e07145f1f7f5ecf3c273212cd3d26b836b41b02f108431488e5e84bd15f2418b3d92a3380dd66a374645c2a995976a015632d36a6c2189f202fc766e1c82f50ad9189be190a1f0e8f9b9e69c9c18cc98fdd885608f68bf0fdedd7b894081a63f70016a8abf04953affbefa',
+    ];
+    const encodedHashToPoints = [
+      '0c709c9607dbb01c94513358745b7c23953d03b33e39c7234e268d1d6e24f34014ccbc2216b965dd231d5327e591dc3c0e8844ccfd568848',
+      '76ab794e28ff1224c727fa1016bf7f1d329260b7218a39aea2fdb17d8bd9119017b093d641cedf74328c327184dc6f2a64bd90eddccfcdab',
+      'c8d7ac384143500e50890a1c25d643343accce584caf2544f9249b2bf4a6921082be0e7f3669bb5ec24535e6c45621e1f6dec676edd8b664',
+      '62beffc6b8ee11ccd79dbaac8f0252c750eb052b192f41eeecb12f2979713b563caf7d22588eca5e80995241ef963e7ad7cb7962f343a973',
+      'f4ccb31d263731ab88bed634304956d2603174c66da38742053fa37dd902346c3862155d68db63be87439e3d68758ad7268e239d39c4fd3b',
+      '7e79b00e8e0a76a67c0040f62713b8b8c6d6f05e9c6d02592e8a22ea896f5deacc7c7df5ed42beae6fedb9000285b482aa504e279fd49c32',
+      '20b171cb16be977f15e013b9752cf86c54c631c4fc8cbf7c03c4d3ac9b8e8640e7b0e9300b987fe0ab5044669314f6ed1650ae037db853f1',
+    ];
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < hashes.length; i++) {
+      const hash = hexToBytes(hashes[i]);
+      const point = DecafPoint.hashToCurve(hash);
+      deepStrictEqual(point.toHex(), encodedHashToPoints[i]);
+    }
+  });
+  should('have proper equality testing', () => {
+    const MAX_448B = BigInt(
+      '0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff'
+    );
+    const bytes448ToNumberLE = (bytes) => ed448.CURVE.Fp.create(bytesToNumberLE(bytes) & MAX_448B);
+
+    const priv = new Uint8Array([
+      23, 211, 149, 179, 209, 108, 78, 37, 229, 45, 122, 220, 85, 38, 192, 182, 96, 40, 168, 63,
+      175, 194, 73, 202, 14, 175, 78, 15, 117, 175, 40, 32, 218, 221, 151, 58, 158, 91, 250, 141,
+      18, 175, 191, 119, 152, 124, 223, 101, 54, 218, 76, 158, 43, 112, 151, 32,
+    ]);
+    const pub = DecafPoint.BASE.multiply(bytes448ToNumberLE(priv));
+    deepStrictEqual(pub.equals(DecafPoint.ZERO), false);
+  });
+});
+
+// ESM is broken.
+import url from 'url';
+
+if (import.meta.url === url.pathToFileURL(process.argv[1]).href) {
+  should.run();
+}

test/ed448.test.js

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 import { deepStrictEqual, throws } from 'assert';
 import { describe, should } from 'micro-should';
 import * as fc from 'fast-check';
-import { ed448, ed448ph, x448 } from '../lib/esm/ed448.js';
+import { ed448, ed448ph, x448 } from '../esm/ed448.js';
-import { hexToBytes, bytesToHex, randomBytes } from '@noble/hashes/utils';
+import { bytesToHex, concatBytes, hexToBytes, randomBytes } from '@noble/hashes/utils';
-import { numberToBytesLE } from '../lib/esm/abstract/utils.js';
+import { numberToBytesLE } from '../esm/abstract/utils.js';
+// Old vectors allow to test sign() because they include private key
+import { default as ed448vectorsOld } from './ed448/ed448_test_OLD.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 import { default as ed448vectors } from './wycheproof/ed448_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 import { default as x448vectors } from './wycheproof/x448_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 
@@ -439,9 +441,9 @@ describe('ed448', () => {
     }
   });
 
-  describe('wycheproof', () => {
+  describe('wycheproof (OLD)', () => {
-    for (let g = 0; g < ed448vectors.testGroups.length; g++) {
+    for (let g = 0; g < ed448vectorsOld.testGroups.length; g++) {
-      const group = ed448vectors.testGroups[g];
+      const group = ed448vectorsOld.testGroups[g];
       const key = group.key;
       should(`ED448(${g}, public)`, () => {
         deepStrictEqual(hex(ed.getPublicKey(key.sk)), key.pk);
@@ -467,92 +469,20 @@ describe('ed448', () => {
     }
   });
 
-  // ECDH
-  const rfc7748Mul = [
-    {
-      scalar:
-        '3d262fddf9ec8e88495266fea19a34d28882acef045104d0d1aae121700a779c984c24f8cdd78fbff44943eba368f54b29259a4f1c600ad3',
-      u: '06fce640fa3487bfda5f6cf2d5263f8aad88334cbd07437f020f08f9814dc031ddbdc38c19c6da2583fa5429db94ada18aa7a7fb4ef8a086',
-      outputU:
-        'ce3e4ff95a60dc6697da1db1d85e6afbdf79b50a2412d7546d5f239fe14fbaadeb445fc66a01b0779d98223961111e21766282f73dd96b6f',
-    },
-    {
-      scalar:
-        '203d494428b8399352665ddca42f9de8fef600908e0d461cb021f8c538345dd77c3e4806e25f46d3315c44e0a5b4371282dd2c8d5be3095f',
-      u: '0fbcc2f993cd56d3305b0b7d9e55d4c1a8fb5dbb52f8e9a1e9b6201b165d015894e56c4d3570bee52fe205e28a78b91cdfbde71ce8d157db',
-      outputU:
-        '884a02576239ff7a2f2f63b2db6a9ff37047ac13568e1e30fe63c4a7ad1b3ee3a5700df34321d62077e63633c575c1c954514e99da7c179d',
-    },
-  ];
-  describe('RFC7748', () => {
-    for (let i = 0; i < rfc7748Mul.length; i++) {
-      const v = rfc7748Mul[i];
-      should(`scalarMult (${i})`, () => {
-        deepStrictEqual(hex(x448.scalarMult(v.scalar, v.u)), v.outputU);
-      });
-    }
-  });
-
-  const rfc7748Iter = [
-    {
-      scalar:
-        '3f482c8a9f19b01e6c46ee9711d9dc14fd4bf67af30765c2ae2b846a4d23a8cd0db897086239492caf350b51f833868b9bc2b3bca9cf4113',
-      iters: 1,
-    },
-    {
-      scalar:
-        'aa3b4749d55b9daf1e5b00288826c467274ce3ebbdd5c17b975e09d4af6c67cf10d087202db88286e2b79fceea3ec353ef54faa26e219f38',
-      iters: 1000,
-    },
-    // { scalar: '077f453681caca3693198420bbe515cae0002472519b3e67661a7e89cab94695c8f4bcd66e61b9b9c946da8d524de3d69bd9d9d66b997e37', iters: 1000000 },
-  ];
-  for (let i = 0; i < rfc7748Iter.length; i++) {
-    const { scalar, iters } = rfc7748Iter[i];
-    should(`RFC7748: scalarMult iteration (${i})`, () => {
-      let k = x448.Gu;
-      for (let i = 0, u = k; i < iters; i++) [k, u] = [x448.scalarMult(k, u), k];
-      deepStrictEqual(hex(k), scalar);
-    });
-  }
-
-  should('RFC7748 getSharedKey', () => {
-    const alicePrivate =
-      '9a8f4925d1519f5775cf46b04b5800d4ee9ee8bae8bc5565d498c28dd9c9baf574a9419744897391006382a6f127ab1d9ac2d8c0a598726b';
-    const alicePublic =
-      '9b08f7cc31b7e3e67d22d5aea121074a273bd2b83de09c63faa73d2c22c5d9bbc836647241d953d40c5b12da88120d53177f80e532c41fa0';
-    const bobPrivate =
-      '1c306a7ac2a0e2e0990b294470cba339e6453772b075811d8fad0d1d6927c120bb5ee8972b0d3e21374c9c921b09d1b0366f10b65173992d';
-    const bobPublic =
-      '3eb7a829b0cd20f5bcfc0b599b6feccf6da4627107bdb0d4f345b43027d8b972fc3e34fb4232a13ca706dcb57aec3dae07bdc1c67bf33609';
-    const shared =
-      '07fff4181ac6cc95ec1c16a94a0f74d12da232ce40a77552281d282bb60c0b56fd2464c335543936521c24403085d59a449a5037514a879d';
-    deepStrictEqual(alicePublic, hex(x448.getPublicKey(alicePrivate)));
-    deepStrictEqual(bobPublic, hex(x448.getPublicKey(bobPrivate)));
-    deepStrictEqual(hex(x448.scalarMult(alicePrivate, bobPublic)), shared);
-    deepStrictEqual(hex(x448.scalarMult(bobPrivate, alicePublic)), shared);
-  });
-
   describe('wycheproof', () => {
-    const group = x448vectors.testGroups[0];
+    for (let g = 0; g < ed448vectors.testGroups.length; g++) {
-    should(`X448`, () => {
+      const group = ed448vectors.testGroups[g];
+      const key = group.publicKey;
+      should(`ED448`, () => {
         for (let i = 0; i < group.tests.length; i++) {
           const v = group.tests[i];
-        const index = `(${i}, ${v.result}) ${v.comment}`;
+          const index = `${g}/${i} ${v.comment}`;
           if (v.result === 'valid' || v.result === 'acceptable') {
-          try {
+            deepStrictEqual(ed.verify(v.sig, v.msg, key.pk), true, index);
-            const shared = hex(x448.scalarMult(v.private, v.public));
-            deepStrictEqual(shared, v.shared, index);
-          } catch (e) {
-            // We are more strict
-            if (e.message.includes('Expected valid scalar')) return;
-            if (e.message.includes('Invalid private or public key received')) return;
-            if (e.message.includes('Expected 56 bytes')) return;
-            throw e;
-          }
           } else if (v.result === 'invalid') {
             let failed = false;
             try {
-            x448.scalarMult(v.private, v.public);
+              failed = !ed.verify(v.sig, v.msg, key.pk);
             } catch (error) {
               failed = true;
             }
@@ -560,8 +490,8 @@ describe('ed448', () => {
           } else throw new Error('unknown test result');
         }
       });
+    }
   });
-
   // should('X448: should convert base point to montgomery using fromPoint', () => {
   //   deepStrictEqual(
   //     hex(ed.montgomeryCurve.UfromPoint(Point.BASE)),
@@ -584,6 +514,7 @@ describe('ed448', () => {
   //   }
   // });
 
+  describe('ed448ctx', () => {
     const VECTORS_RFC8032_CTX = [
       {
         secretKey:
@@ -603,16 +534,20 @@ describe('ed448', () => {
           '3c00',
       },
     ];
-
     for (let i = 0; i < VECTORS_RFC8032_CTX.length; i++) {
       const v = VECTORS_RFC8032_CTX[i];
-    should(`RFC8032ctx/${i}`, () => {
+      should(`${i}`, () => {
         deepStrictEqual(hex(ed.getPublicKey(v.secretKey)), v.publicKey);
-      deepStrictEqual(hex(ed.sign(v.message, v.secretKey, v.context)), v.signature);
+        deepStrictEqual(hex(ed.sign(v.message, v.secretKey, { context: v.context })), v.signature);
-      deepStrictEqual(ed.verify(v.signature, v.message, v.publicKey, v.context), true);
+        deepStrictEqual(
+          ed.verify(v.signature, v.message, v.publicKey, { context: v.context }),
+          true
+        );
       });
     }
+  });
 
+  describe('ed448ph', () => {
     const VECTORS_RFC8032_PH = [
       {
         secretKey:
@@ -648,23 +583,154 @@ describe('ed448', () => {
           '2100',
       },
     ];
-
     for (let i = 0; i < VECTORS_RFC8032_PH.length; i++) {
       const v = VECTORS_RFC8032_PH[i];
-    should(`RFC8032ph/${i}`, () => {
+      should(`${i}`, () => {
         deepStrictEqual(hex(ed448ph.getPublicKey(v.secretKey)), v.publicKey);
-      deepStrictEqual(hex(ed448ph.sign(v.message, v.secretKey, v.context)), v.signature);
+        deepStrictEqual(
-      deepStrictEqual(ed448ph.verify(v.signature, v.message, v.publicKey, v.context), true);
+          hex(ed448ph.sign(v.message, v.secretKey, { context: v.context })),
+          v.signature
+        );
+        deepStrictEqual(
+          ed448ph.verify(v.signature, v.message, v.publicKey, { context: v.context }),
+          true
+        );
+      });
+    }
+  });
+
+  should('not verify when sig.s >= CURVE.n', () => {
+    function get56bSig() {
+      const privateKey = ed448.utils.randomPrivateKey();
+      const message = Uint8Array.from([0xab, 0xbc, 0xcd, 0xde]);
+      const publicKey = ed448.getPublicKey(privateKey);
+      const signature = ed448.sign(message, privateKey);
+
+      const R = signature.slice(0, 56);
+      let s = signature.slice(56, 112);
+
+      s = bytesToHex(s.slice().reverse());
+      s = BigInt('0x' + s);
+      s = s + ed448.CURVE.n;
+      s = numberToBytesLE(s, 56);
+
+      const sig_invalid = concatBytes(R, s);
+      return { sig_invalid, message, publicKey };
+    }
+    let sig;
+    while (true) {
+      try {
+        sig = get56bSig();
+        break;
+      } catch (error) {
+        // non-56b sig was generated, try again
+      }
+    }
+    throws(() => {
+      ed448.verify(sig.sig_invalid, sig.message, sig.publicKey);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('RFC7748 X448 ECDH', () => {
+    // ECDH
+    const rfc7748Mul = [
+      {
+        scalar:
+          '3d262fddf9ec8e88495266fea19a34d28882acef045104d0d1aae121700a779c984c24f8cdd78fbff44943eba368f54b29259a4f1c600ad3',
+        u: '06fce640fa3487bfda5f6cf2d5263f8aad88334cbd07437f020f08f9814dc031ddbdc38c19c6da2583fa5429db94ada18aa7a7fb4ef8a086',
+        outputU:
+          'ce3e4ff95a60dc6697da1db1d85e6afbdf79b50a2412d7546d5f239fe14fbaadeb445fc66a01b0779d98223961111e21766282f73dd96b6f',
+      },
+      {
+        scalar:
+          '203d494428b8399352665ddca42f9de8fef600908e0d461cb021f8c538345dd77c3e4806e25f46d3315c44e0a5b4371282dd2c8d5be3095f',
+        u: '0fbcc2f993cd56d3305b0b7d9e55d4c1a8fb5dbb52f8e9a1e9b6201b165d015894e56c4d3570bee52fe205e28a78b91cdfbde71ce8d157db',
+        outputU:
+          '884a02576239ff7a2f2f63b2db6a9ff37047ac13568e1e30fe63c4a7ad1b3ee3a5700df34321d62077e63633c575c1c954514e99da7c179d',
+      },
+    ];
+    for (let i = 0; i < rfc7748Mul.length; i++) {
+      const v = rfc7748Mul[i];
+      should(`scalarMult (${i})`, () => {
+        deepStrictEqual(hex(x448.scalarMult(v.scalar, v.u)), v.outputU);
       });
     }
 
-  should('X448 base point', () => {
+    const rfc7748Iter = [
+      {
+        scalar:
+          '3f482c8a9f19b01e6c46ee9711d9dc14fd4bf67af30765c2ae2b846a4d23a8cd0db897086239492caf350b51f833868b9bc2b3bca9cf4113',
+        iters: 1,
+      },
+      {
+        scalar:
+          'aa3b4749d55b9daf1e5b00288826c467274ce3ebbdd5c17b975e09d4af6c67cf10d087202db88286e2b79fceea3ec353ef54faa26e219f38',
+        iters: 1000,
+      },
+      // { scalar: '077f453681caca3693198420bbe515cae0002472519b3e67661a7e89cab94695c8f4bcd66e61b9b9c946da8d524de3d69bd9d9d66b997e37', iters: 1000000 },
+    ];
+    for (let i = 0; i < rfc7748Iter.length; i++) {
+      const { scalar, iters } = rfc7748Iter[i];
+      should(`scalarMult iterated ${iters}x`, () => {
+        let k = x448.GuBytes;
+        for (let i = 0, u = k; i < iters; i++) [k, u] = [x448.scalarMult(k, u), k];
+        deepStrictEqual(hex(k), scalar);
+      });
+    }
+
+    should('getSharedKey', () => {
+      const alicePrivate =
+        '9a8f4925d1519f5775cf46b04b5800d4ee9ee8bae8bc5565d498c28dd9c9baf574a9419744897391006382a6f127ab1d9ac2d8c0a598726b';
+      const alicePublic =
+        '9b08f7cc31b7e3e67d22d5aea121074a273bd2b83de09c63faa73d2c22c5d9bbc836647241d953d40c5b12da88120d53177f80e532c41fa0';
+      const bobPrivate =
+        '1c306a7ac2a0e2e0990b294470cba339e6453772b075811d8fad0d1d6927c120bb5ee8972b0d3e21374c9c921b09d1b0366f10b65173992d';
+      const bobPublic =
+        '3eb7a829b0cd20f5bcfc0b599b6feccf6da4627107bdb0d4f345b43027d8b972fc3e34fb4232a13ca706dcb57aec3dae07bdc1c67bf33609';
+      const shared =
+        '07fff4181ac6cc95ec1c16a94a0f74d12da232ce40a77552281d282bb60c0b56fd2464c335543936521c24403085d59a449a5037514a879d';
+      deepStrictEqual(alicePublic, hex(x448.getPublicKey(alicePrivate)));
+      deepStrictEqual(bobPublic, hex(x448.getPublicKey(bobPrivate)));
+      deepStrictEqual(hex(x448.scalarMult(alicePrivate, bobPublic)), shared);
+      deepStrictEqual(hex(x448.scalarMult(bobPrivate, alicePublic)), shared);
+    });
+
+    should('wycheproof', () => {
+      const group = x448vectors.testGroups[0];
+      for (let i = 0; i < group.tests.length; i++) {
+        const v = group.tests[i];
+        const index = `(${i}, ${v.result}) ${v.comment}`;
+        if (v.result === 'valid' || v.result === 'acceptable') {
+          try {
+            const shared = hex(x448.scalarMult(v.private, v.public));
+            deepStrictEqual(shared, v.shared, index);
+          } catch (e) {
+            // We are more strict
+            if (e.message.includes('Expected valid scalar')) return;
+            if (e.message.includes('Invalid private or public key received')) return;
+            if (e.message.includes('Expected 56 bytes')) return;
+            throw e;
+          }
+        } else if (v.result === 'invalid') {
+          let failed = false;
+          try {
+            x448.scalarMult(v.private, v.public);
+          } catch (error) {
+            failed = true;
+          }
+          deepStrictEqual(failed, true, index);
+        } else throw new Error('unknown test result');
+      }
+    });
+
+    should('have proper base point', () => {
       const { x, y } = Point.BASE;
       const { Fp } = ed448.CURVE;
       // const invX = Fp.invert(x * x); // x²
       const u = Fp.div(Fp.create(y * y), Fp.create(x * x)); // (y²/x²)
       // const u = Fp.create(y * y * invX);
-    deepStrictEqual(hex(numberToBytesLE(u, 56)), x448.Gu);
+      deepStrictEqual(numberToBytesLE(u, 56), x448.GuBytes);
+    });
   });
 });
 

test/ed448/ed448_test_OLD.json

@@ -0,0 +1,908 @@
+{
+  "algorithm" : "EDDSA",
+  "generatorVersion" : "0.8r12",
+  "numberOfTests" : 86,
+  "header" : [
+    "Test vectors of type EddsaVerify are intended for testing",
+    "the verification of Eddsa signatures."
+  ],
+  "notes" : {
+    "SignatureMalleability" : "EdDSA signatures are non-malleable, if implemented accordingly. Failing to check the range of S allows to modify signatures. See RFC 8032, Section 5.2.7 and Section 8.4."
+  },
+  "schema" : "eddsa_verify_schema.json",
+  "testGroups" : [
+    {
+      "jwk" : {
+        "crv" : "Ed448",
+        "d" : "iDAeB2UY01N_kwLuD1Ij5LY-HwFgB9PC69_sX3CZfoEZxrrQrnuAP0h5HKjsVJqiobhi96UVkLnV",
+        "kid" : "none",
+        "kty" : "OKP",
+        "x" : "QZYQpTSvEn9YOwSBjNt_D_MAsCXy4BaCvK4z_Wkc7gOVEd8M3caQ7peEJuizjlDOWvfc-6UPcEwA"
+      },
+      "key" : {
+        "curve" : "edwards448",
+        "keySize" : 448,
+        "pk" : "419610a534af127f583b04818cdb7f0ff300b025f2e01682bcae33fd691cee039511df0cddc690ee978426e8b38e50ce5af7dcfba50f704c00",
+        "sk" : "88301e076518d3537f9302ee0f5223e4b63e1f016007d3c2ebdfec5f70997e8119c6bad0ae7b803f48791ca8ec549aa2a1b862f7a51590b9d5",
+        "type" : "EDDSAKeyPair"
+      },
+      "keyDer" : "3043300506032b6571033a00419610a534af127f583b04818cdb7f0ff300b025f2e01682bcae33fd691cee039511df0cddc690ee978426e8b38e50ce5af7dcfba50f704c00",
+      "keyPem" : "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMEMwBQYDK2VxAzoAQZYQpTSvEn9YOwSBjNt/D/MAsCXy4BaCvK4z/Wkc7gOVEd8M3caQ7peEJuizjlDOWvfc+6UPcEwA\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n",
+      "type" : "EddsaVerify",
+      "tests" : [
+        {
+          "tcId" : 1,
+          "comment" : "",
+          "msg" : "",
+          "sig" : "cf7953007666e12f73af9ec92e3e018da5ee5a8d5b17f5100a354c58f1d5f4bb37ab835c52f72374c72d612689149cf6d36a70db6dc5a6c400b597348e0e31e51e65bb144e63c892a367b4c055c036aa6cd7e728cdd2a098963bda863903e6dd025b5a5d891209f4e28537694804e50b0800",
+          "result" : "valid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 2,
+          "comment" : "",
+          "msg" : "78",
+          "sig" : "c56e94d5c9ca860c244f33db556bf6b3cec38b024b77604a35d6a07211b1316b9a027133c374b86f72665cc45ce01583a2e0f2775c6172da801acef168717cab1196cddfb149359dfef589756257cc2d6b02fc516d8d41b4adaa3f11428f41410ef0dc3c1b008d3d052173d4389508ed0100",
+          "result" : "valid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 3,
+          "comment" : "",
+          "msg" : "54657374",
+          "sig" : "5d053ff5b71f6ec3284525d35d77933178c8e19879886d08eccc6c7d27e9e5b5e02537dbc4d4723506e8d171fc1733857573dd02d18f48f28031d67d699a188a9ca46b4eabe2107aef237ca609cb462e24c91d25d286402b6ef7862b78a386950246ff38d6d2f458136d12e3c97fdd982600",
+          "result" : "valid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 4,
+          "comment" : "",
+          "msg" : "48656c6c6f",
+          "sig" : "442e33780f199dd7bc71d1335f74df7f3a0ec789e21a175c1bffddb6e50091998d969ac8194b3acefb7702f6c222f84f7eeca3b80406f1fe80687915e7925bf52deb47b6b779e26d30eec7c5fef03580f280a089eefd0bacc9fbbb6a4d73a591d1671d192e6bbcfdb79ad3db5673a1263000",
+          "result" : "valid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 5,
+          "comment" : "",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "5db94c53101f521f6c1f43b60ea4d7e06fbd49c2e8afaf4fcc289e645e0880a87b8e55858df4cf2291a7303ffda446b82a117b4dd408cff28060a05236fc9c1682b0e55b60a082c9a57bffe61ef4dda5ce65df539805122b3a09a05976d41ad68ab52df85428152c57da93531e5d16920e00",
+          "result" : "valid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 6,
+          "comment" : "",
+          "msg" : "000000000000000000000000",
+          "sig" : "a8ca64d1ab00eae77fd2854d8422db3ae12fca91c14f274f30a44df98590786ec4cbb96a9564fc1b9b16c22d2bd00aa65f0876323729f5ac809fb0b89a4d3f27afbabb596851d835173d60ea34e0875359f3d6adb13cef1395b7eaa5f9147583ff38b4deb183062874915bf194ae61072300",
+          "result" : "valid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 7,
+          "comment" : "",
+          "msg" : "6161616161616161616161616161616161616161616161616161616161616161616161616161616161616161616161616161616161616161616161616161616161",
+          "sig" : "b205d3e24ccef64c1e86f15f48ddfa682453503489475188b04a8f55860b3c8a9c01e6de820bb7d9b15daff8de25a4a870e987157a115ec1802da0d0606da12842ea7eab658b5eea6dd1f3a641a5174425578003cd318b8d6b8dcb4de954b5078d1912c578ad8281515d6df3672b94173f00",
+          "result" : "valid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 8,
+          "comment" : "",
+          "msg" : "202122232425262728292a2b2c2d2e2f303132333435363738393a3b3c3d3e3f404142434445464748494a4b4c4d4e4f505152535455565758595a5b5c5d5e5f60",
+          "sig" : "3492ef66e5fdf1503e9e206c5c2f0d4b7891aad793575527d2251e0df1b97c2feac188bc382ce3c92c4bc36ba2695f32bedadd480eaa932300d0db1f9a9c60844d2ea5aea64933c7be46c4f9d21cb48b39eae23d08496de7ce9501197185cc5d4ff8aa4b018ce7ad321f6a7d778c4a070400",
+          "result" : "valid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 9,
+          "comment" : "",
+          "msg" : "ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff",
+          "sig" : "545e1905af1b5886552eaf78e17304c6f83fcfb3444df2d1ea056486db615e3bb29131bb0c1fd295364dc515dae581967148eb23c6c9012e806d3623baff00548c648e3cb3756aaaaf659f2fb7dd2e71c7611448593ca63f2a98913ab7f182e6820eaf1334e2745e0e7bc0dccab98de71600",
+          "result" : "valid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 10,
+          "comment" : "special values for r and s",
+          "msg" : "3f",
+          "sig" : "00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 11,
+          "comment" : "special values for r and s",
+          "msg" : "3f",
+          "sig" : "00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 12,
+          "comment" : "special values for r and s",
+          "msg" : "3f",
+          "sig" : "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000f24458ab92c27823558fc58d72c26c219036d6ae49db4ec4e923ca7cffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff3f",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 13,
+          "comment" : "special values for r and s",
+          "msg" : "3f",
+          "sig" : "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000f34458ab92c27823558fc58d72c26c219036d6ae49db4ec4e923ca7cffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff3f",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 14,
+          "comment" : "special values for r and s",
+          "msg" : "3f",
+          "sig" : "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffeffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 15,
+          "comment" : "special values for r and s",
+          "msg" : "3f",
+          "sig" : "01000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 16,
+          "comment" : "special values for r and s",
+          "msg" : "3f",
+          "sig" : "01000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 17,
+          "comment" : "special values for r and s",
+          "msg" : "3f",
+          "sig" : "0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000f24458ab92c27823558fc58d72c26c219036d6ae49db4ec4e923ca7cffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff3f",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 18,
+          "comment" : "special values for r and s",
+          "msg" : "3f",
+          "sig" : "0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000f34458ab92c27823558fc58d72c26c219036d6ae49db4ec4e923ca7cffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff3f",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 19,
+          "comment" : "special values for r and s",
+          "msg" : "3f",
+          "sig" : "0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffeffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 20,
+          "comment" : "special values for r and s",
+          "msg" : "3f",
+          "sig" : "f34458ab92c27823558fc58d72c26c219036d6ae49db4ec4e923ca7cffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff3f0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 21,
+          "comment" : "special values for r and s",
+          "msg" : "3f",
+          "sig" : "f34458ab92c27823558fc58d72c26c219036d6ae49db4ec4e923ca7cffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff3f0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 22,
+          "comment" : "special values for r and s",
+          "msg" : "3f",
+          "sig" : "f34458ab92c27823558fc58d72c26c219036d6ae49db4ec4e923ca7cffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff3ff24458ab92c27823558fc58d72c26c219036d6ae49db4ec4e923ca7cffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff3f",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 23,
+          "comment" : "special values for r and s",
+          "msg" : "3f",
+          "sig" : "f34458ab92c27823558fc58d72c26c219036d6ae49db4ec4e923ca7cffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff3ff34458ab92c27823558fc58d72c26c219036d6ae49db4ec4e923ca7cffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff3f",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 24,
+          "comment" : "special values for r and s",
+          "msg" : "3f",
+          "sig" : "f34458ab92c27823558fc58d72c26c219036d6ae49db4ec4e923ca7cffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff3ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffeffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 25,
+          "comment" : "special values for r and s",
+          "msg" : "3f",
+          "sig" : "fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffeffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 26,
+          "comment" : "special values for r and s",
+          "msg" : "3f",
+          "sig" : "fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffeffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 27,
+          "comment" : "special values for r and s",
+          "msg" : "3f",
+          "sig" : "fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffefffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff24458ab92c27823558fc58d72c26c219036d6ae49db4ec4e923ca7cffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff3f",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 28,
+          "comment" : "special values for r and s",
+          "msg" : "3f",
+          "sig" : "fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffefffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff34458ab92c27823558fc58d72c26c219036d6ae49db4ec4e923ca7cffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff3f",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 29,
+          "comment" : "special values for r and s",
+          "msg" : "3f",
+          "sig" : "fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffefffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffeffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 30,
+          "comment" : "empty signature",
+          "msg" : "54657374",
+          "sig" : "",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 31,
+          "comment" : "s missing",
+          "msg" : "54657374",
+          "sig" : "5d053ff5b71f6ec3284525d35d77933178c8e19879886d08eccc6c7d27e9e5b5e02537dbc4d4723506e8d171fc1733857573dd02d18f48f280",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 32,
+          "comment" : "signature too short",
+          "msg" : "54657374",
+          "sig" : "5d053ff5b71f6ec3284525d35d77933178c8e19879886d08eccc6c7d27e9e5b5e02537dbc4d4723506e8d171fc1733857573dd02d18f48f28031d67d699a188a9ca46b4eabe2107aef237ca609cb462e24c91d25d286402b6ef7862b78a386950246ff38d6d2f458136d12e3c97fdd98",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 33,
+          "comment" : "signature too long",
+          "msg" : "54657374",
+          "sig" : "5d053ff5b71f6ec3284525d35d77933178c8e19879886d08eccc6c7d27e9e5b5e02537dbc4d4723506e8d171fc1733857573dd02d18f48f28031d67d699a188a9ca46b4eabe2107aef237ca609cb462e24c91d25d286402b6ef7862b78a386950246ff38d6d2f458136d12e3c97fdd9826002020",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 34,
+          "comment" : "include pk in signature",
+          "msg" : "54657374",
+          "sig" : "5d053ff5b71f6ec3284525d35d77933178c8e19879886d08eccc6c7d27e9e5b5e02537dbc4d4723506e8d171fc1733857573dd02d18f48f28031d67d699a188a9ca46b4eabe2107aef237ca609cb462e24c91d25d286402b6ef7862b78a386950246ff38d6d2f458136d12e3c97fdd982600419610a534af127f583b04818cdb7f0ff300b025f2e01682bcae33fd691cee039511df0cddc690ee978426e8b38e50ce5af7dcfba50f704c00",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 35,
+          "comment" : "prepending 0 byte to signature",
+          "msg" : "54657374",
+          "sig" : "005d053ff5b71f6ec3284525d35d77933178c8e19879886d08eccc6c7d27e9e5b5e02537dbc4d4723506e8d171fc1733857573dd02d18f48f28031d67d699a188a9ca46b4eabe2107aef237ca609cb462e24c91d25d286402b6ef7862b78a386950246ff38d6d2f458136d12e3c97fdd982600",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 36,
+          "comment" : "prepending 0 byte to s",
+          "msg" : "54657374",
+          "sig" : "5d053ff5b71f6ec3284525d35d77933178c8e19879886d08eccc6c7d27e9e5b5e02537dbc4d4723506e8d171fc1733857573dd02d18f48f2800031d67d699a188a9ca46b4eabe2107aef237ca609cb462e24c91d25d286402b6ef7862b78a386950246ff38d6d2f458136d12e3c97fdd982600",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 37,
+          "comment" : "appending 0 byte to signature",
+          "msg" : "54657374",
+          "sig" : "5d053ff5b71f6ec3284525d35d77933178c8e19879886d08eccc6c7d27e9e5b5e02537dbc4d4723506e8d171fc1733857573dd02d18f48f28031d67d699a188a9ca46b4eabe2107aef237ca609cb462e24c91d25d286402b6ef7862b78a386950246ff38d6d2f458136d12e3c97fdd98260000",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 38,
+          "comment" : "removing 0 byte from signature",
+          "msg" : "5465737430",
+          "sig" : "dbd6384516ab6b0eb2d609414564ec217383b66040dfb0676128251ae24c1d7c179c21a9ee307dc13f8fe6550bc40187f093da85617bcf5d009d3ee8b798ad978b6e683bc4e911940ea82ea0b7e95dc24fe0b29e44663211892c2aaa3451379d22c289b94378f11fb700f1689d4a00d73e",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 39,
+          "comment" : "removing 0 byte from signature",
+          "msg" : "546573743535",
+          "sig" : "ce2b2fff0bf445a36813cf2a76e0cc5619a4f16ee53f0fe3cd46fc0414db7248b32fbda54bbb37e708d6238076ea12bf850b964b044520bb80fbaf0e1d1ed3bcab261462df5e7f2de73ac9cbae26dfa29015039acf90575961fc9b91b9ca276dae7d5fa805bd202c5579a0f4c66e801400",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 40,
+          "comment" : "dropping byte from signature",
+          "msg" : "546573743633",
+          "sig" : "c283ed36d78c275a5d02f7939aed2c4ef68320ae1bf6fc25e834b758046a6d52a480216a942dfe771f3bd307f4ce7d3f446e0824961bd5de80cda42b5cc38e6ec3d53f386978b9877d3c98a28ac8fc66630ffd178933a18de1aee23cab5011c9ff4c9277311b4c6c33acb8e82b8c693c00",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 41,
+          "comment" : "removing leading 0 byte from signature",
+          "msg" : "54657374333631",
+          "sig" : "62e629bd2b8f595df401c362c766216d45de89fceecd99c69d323b5c53ad5ac3ea7224963feba2f2895551d94f548248ef8597d2a959f880d59934a5e8f07847834d66ba1a6b09de5dba692172b13f768f0c29e8196144c130d2353445d63cbd0b690794fdad30a48e8bb7cc2504f80700",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 42,
+          "comment" : "modified bit 0 in R",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "5cb94c53101f521f6c1f43b60ea4d7e06fbd49c2e8afaf4fcc289e645e0880a87b8e55858df4cf2291a7303ffda446b82a117b4dd408cff280afc33a525116cc12e0d1c3a1fde6de518a6544f360d0fe18d5be7770b057a2bf792db4b7648fa84a6eaecae909e33fa59c5dfe4804ba2623",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 43,
+          "comment" : "modified bit 1 in R",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "5fb94c53101f521f6c1f43b60ea4d7e06fbd49c2e8afaf4fcc289e645e0880a87b8e55858df4cf2291a7303ffda446b82a117b4dd408cff280f91386c3e9dd9e7c9af7ca6bbef8b7a44ae3d68eeade449d7dfbb31de8419eb943e2ecbcdd06df5227e82b9ded519a56e70f0a1c0fc17b06",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 44,
+          "comment" : "modified bit 2 in R",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "59b94c53101f521f6c1f43b60ea4d7e06fbd49c2e8afaf4fcc289e645e0880a87b8e55858df4cf2291a7303ffda446b82a117b4dd408cff280f1aab07b4ad069dfafc01b4532e1e44cbf7177e1bdda197fc87434046db5b935afd9114ac5e1138eaead23c3b59dba9026d2da4a86fe800b",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 45,
+          "comment" : "modified bit 7 in R",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "ddb94c53101f521f6c1f43b60ea4d7e06fbd49c2e8afaf4fcc289e645e0880a87b8e55858df4cf2291a7303ffda446b82a117b4dd408cff2807668402b7b093fc754019324077c1f842a7d2e35adf7b87094115cec459ad5419e162988ef42b1988d9b944d9d5a7ce09c6f342afa500839",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 46,
+          "comment" : "modified bit 8 in R",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "5db84c53101f521f6c1f43b60ea4d7e06fbd49c2e8afaf4fcc289e645e0880a87b8e55858df4cf2291a7303ffda446b82a117b4dd408cff280279b70338586b9e13e669191cc0dfc2a937d50a6118758de04a4ca41f4877abdb971afa87fe4b83bc243b8dfd2cb368aa389a4cb11e83e31",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 47,
+          "comment" : "modified bit 16 in R",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "5db94d53101f521f6c1f43b60ea4d7e06fbd49c2e8afaf4fcc289e645e0880a87b8e55858df4cf2291a7303ffda446b82a117b4dd408cff280c7b847556b3a6f9447483899ab730a23004c695054dd57b1c3214fa87f632f39c8ff1471f0532b8eee4154930e1ca30d574b8f9e85b0432b",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 48,
+          "comment" : "modified bit 31 in R",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "5db94cd3101f521f6c1f43b60ea4d7e06fbd49c2e8afaf4fcc289e645e0880a87b8e55858df4cf2291a7303ffda446b82a117b4dd408cff2800b017917472b130a1cc1c8e995a252617d5ddaf1f3d48930b4876fa0d2cfedec90a8c85c8274892a1ca3b6cfce63ebfebc307210b844ae0c",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 49,
+          "comment" : "modified bit 32 in R",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "5db94c53111f521f6c1f43b60ea4d7e06fbd49c2e8afaf4fcc289e645e0880a87b8e55858df4cf2291a7303ffda446b82a117b4dd408cff2805f38f6371860fcc4f2ec515afd35cb05d8941e2448cc469a15b8537e758b16d46b123581613462c2bb20d8a07299ab795d0998e1e4277931",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 50,
+          "comment" : "modified bit 63 in R",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "5db94c53101f529f6c1f43b60ea4d7e06fbd49c2e8afaf4fcc289e645e0880a87b8e55858df4cf2291a7303ffda446b82a117b4dd408cff28017111ba6fefd45e2490f1d53a184007fa073470706d7f4a9606fcad2954e74c32116ba7701d225b76e55164e64df3245c1031f0df734bd31",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 51,
+          "comment" : "modified bit 64 in R",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "5db94c53101f521f6d1f43b60ea4d7e06fbd49c2e8afaf4fcc289e645e0880a87b8e55858df4cf2291a7303ffda446b82a117b4dd408cff2808d7d0aa1fd81d0e31789921771c654338f96f0b557b615e3da55670271608a0e022e4e8cf393e309f8f6412281b6147e7fce42b089eb1e0c",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 52,
+          "comment" : "modified bit 97 in R",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "5db94c53101f521f6c1f43b60ca4d7e06fbd49c2e8afaf4fcc289e645e0880a87b8e55858df4cf2291a7303ffda446b82a117b4dd408cff280b08d3be6ebf4e60bf6d74e105ea2fa9b965c62816bbd22ea3bb0c1acfd12300523ca76f94b6f789488a957fbeb212d713baccf95fd594f3d",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 53,
+          "comment" : "modified bit 127 in R",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "5db94c53101f521f6c1f43b60ea4d7606fbd49c2e8afaf4fcc289e645e0880a87b8e55858df4cf2291a7303ffda446b82a117b4dd408cff280a23f54857e9b0f72b2ef90d2768834590464d75933ed08c454faa762b3702a2b631c33c339d05b2e24c20a8214f99af31f93f80f416a1129",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 54,
+          "comment" : "modified bit 240 in R",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "5db94c53101f521f6c1f43b60ea4d7e06fbd49c2e8afaf4fcc289e645e0881a87b8e55858df4cf2291a7303ffda446b82a117b4dd408cff280734bdc399273d3403d934ceaae16e87a68c6bff6b77d8037ff41c97922498a58e704c29ab519d41bab70735f71fc26f589361e2b21754300",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 55,
+          "comment" : "modified bit 247 in R",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "5db94c53101f521f6c1f43b60ea4d7e06fbd49c2e8afaf4fcc289e645e0800a87b8e55858df4cf2291a7303ffda446b82a117b4dd408cff280ba961cc8d0765c99d57470ee1c0c77f0a562a198fd0175eddb0c033e0fb8525328c5e2c516e2b00f73609c7f769195eb1a02ff54090d781f",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 56,
+          "comment" : "modified bit 248 in R",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "5db94c53101f521f6c1f43b60ea4d7e06fbd49c2e8afaf4fcc289e645e0880a97b8e55858df4cf2291a7303ffda446b82a117b4dd408cff280e72685907da9e5a64e4142ed02fc0c6bf95763201db5942aac055fa87e6fdd32e483fd21ed4110d5d7ef619b740fef2ad8a71fe821e42a2a",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 57,
+          "comment" : "modified bit 253 in R",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "5db94c53101f521f6c1f43b60ea4d7e06fbd49c2e8afaf4fcc289e645e0880887b8e55858df4cf2291a7303ffda446b82a117b4dd408cff280500646d67c74f13471f0ad034da530f7238fe7897e532af8ec2977643a410b1d054934df567e170276389e66b3f3ccb3c15aed239d04f72b",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 58,
+          "comment" : "modified bit 254 in R",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "5db94c53101f521f6c1f43b60ea4d7e06fbd49c2e8afaf4fcc289e645e0880e87b8e55858df4cf2291a7303ffda446b82a117b4dd408cff2807bb153b8e350aa736a91c921217578539600c1299ab76522ef8f6902d79c93f274073ee6beafe6200ecaf59f7cd11bb1c833f24bf30ed52d",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 59,
+          "comment" : "modified bit 255 in R",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "5db94c53101f521f6c1f43b60ea4d7e06fbd49c2e8afaf4fcc289e645e0880287b8e55858df4cf2291a7303ffda446b82a117b4dd408cff2804a67b22be599d6433b87ea961c82c457ab50f64ac6b7efb0b2f90988927f83742303c278f8248e02d5679b41ed505aba0fb51110d0def810",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 60,
+          "comment" : "modified bit 440 in R",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "5db94c53101f521f6c1f43b60ea4d7e06fbd49c2e8afaf4fcc289e645e0880a87b8e55858df4cf2291a7303ffda446b82a117b4dd408cff3807f452efb0cd97dab5506028b7b876830dee02a9c0cbd140dcde509638d4d546c30856b2151bdf79930df5bbb11f2beb66bcdc25ad75f2116",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 61,
+          "comment" : "modified bit 441 in R",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "5db94c53101f521f6c1f43b60ea4d7e06fbd49c2e8afaf4fcc289e645e0880a87b8e55858df4cf2291a7303ffda446b82a117b4dd408cff0808d78231bb3c9a87c5b8d168fe05f8197503a3d73a6d700f436b5a76ab866388baa6930191a077aca7970058932c88b7f9e6ecb13c89dcd1d",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 62,
+          "comment" : "modified bit 447 in R",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "5db94c53101f521f6c1f43b60ea4d7e06fbd49c2e8afaf4fcc289e645e0880a87b8e55858df4cf2291a7303ffda446b82a117b4dd408cf72809e5a8406063fb3545f0fb627f841b2e3a85ad5d378018e8b58fe58e14ee5520d57abc9140e9c5a75a8b09ac3334dd0cad69b48771284321d",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 63,
+          "comment" : "modified bit 448 in R",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "5db94c53101f521f6c1f43b60ea4d7e06fbd49c2e8afaf4fcc289e645e0880a87b8e55858df4cf2291a7303ffda446b82a117b4dd408cff2811adf92201088e051ee48b57aecf46edfc68e5baeed5ae4910ba5681d370f75ab593811e18293ef0808581c254196bcbf2b4c454136a6711b",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 64,
+          "comment" : "modified bit 449 in R",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "5db94c53101f521f6c1f43b60ea4d7e06fbd49c2e8afaf4fcc289e645e0880a87b8e55858df4cf2291a7303ffda446b82a117b4dd408cff2825e06c3999e8308be439c40940b0075d3e4f65147c1608cbe6e9c432e33bed6686f9393ae2568f0ad60febcb4b6179c0d90d034e7c3c46810",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 65,
+          "comment" : "modified bit 454 in R",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "5db94c53101f521f6c1f43b60ea4d7e06fbd49c2e8afaf4fcc289e645e0880a87b8e55858df4cf2291a7303ffda446b82a117b4dd408cff2c02456bbd141df048dbf1843be6d5fef402483314c2af547b361a09f3319489eaede43404df9faf634c1298d678b5261c808b0be3726013e39",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 66,
+          "comment" : "modified bit 455 in R",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "5db94c53101f521f6c1f43b60ea4d7e06fbd49c2e8afaf4fcc289e645e0880a87b8e55858df4cf2291a7303ffda446b82a117b4dd408cff2007106d2a896a7fec6dee53eea272d9b6e738c340295416b50f39a9463a5635450b9f93c4c06737affd42ae06cee5879c96c0bd58a91345503",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 67,
+          "comment" : "R==0",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000027ab98ab862e4e7ec3361a45ac1993e9b47d9ac40db91faed752399cee0413122b47346594fd7d2c8949b43e4cabaf17d8339ea0e307023f",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 68,
+          "comment" : "invalid R",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffd11bae33a0999fd3fd2bed6fa5577685e8fd595e79c006e58fd35f69f91b1d853553fb4006019a07725aa37773883dbe12253812887ac828",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 69,
+          "comment" : "all bits flipped in R",
+          "msg" : "313233343030",
+          "sig" : "a246b3acefe0ade093e0bc49f15b281f9042b63d175050b033d7619ba1f77f578471aa7a720b30dd6e58cfc0025bb947d5ee84b22bf7300d7f334e48141af0fade1469f5dedb851c9e725d27bd65012bada05e70cde641aad9ce0bea4983164f73816b6f13095e6b93eb03e850cad0cf0d",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 70,
+          "comment" : "checking malleability ",
+          "msg" : "54657374",
+          "sig" : "5d053ff5b71f6ec3284525d35d77933178c8e19879886d08eccc6c7d27e9e5b5e02537dbc4d4723506e8d171fc1733857573dd02d18f48f280241bd6142ddb02c0f9fa133955d3e610b4b27cb814227de8b241ef4e86402b6ef7862b78a386950246ff38d6d2f458136d12e3c97fdd9866",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : [
+            "SignatureMalleability"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 71,
+          "comment" : "checking malleability ",
+          "msg" : "54657374",
+          "sig" : "5d053ff5b71f6ec3284525d35d77933178c8e19879886d08eccc6c7d27e9e5b5e02537dbc4d4723506e8d171fc1733857573dd02d18f48f28017602ec0bf9d7be34e8ad9c6c795533244e952675efdcbac9c65b9cb85402b6ef7862b78a386950246ff38d6d2f458136d12e3c97fdd98a6",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : [
+            "SignatureMalleability"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 72,
+          "comment" : "checking malleability ",
+          "msg" : "54657374",
+          "sig" : "5d053ff5b71f6ec3284525d35d77933178c8e19879886d08eccc6c7d27e9e5b5e02537dbc4d4723506e8d171fc1733857573dd02d18f48f280fde9de16e5226d2af9a864e2ac1a2d756456ffc4f1b3693570ad4dc584402b6ef7862b78a386950246ff38d6d2f458136d12e3c97fdd9826",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : [
+            "SignatureMalleability"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 73,
+          "comment" : "checking malleability ",
+          "msg" : "54657374",
+          "sig" : "5d053ff5b71f6ec3284525d35d77933178c8e19879886d08eccc6c7d27e9e5b5e02537dbc4d4723506e8d171fc1733857573dd02d18f48f280c9fd3fc42f2d50b84de67a197724e0faa43058801821a546173d76b882402b6ef7862b78a386950246ff38d6d2f458136d12e3c97fdd9826",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : [
+            "SignatureMalleability"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 74,
+          "comment" : "checking malleability ",
+          "msg" : "54657374",
+          "sig" : "5d053ff5b71f6ec3284525d35d77933178c8e19879886d08eccc6c7d27e9e5b5e02537dbc4d4723506e8d171fc1733857573dd02d18f48f28031d67d699a188a9ca46b4eabe2107aef237ca609cb462e24c91d25d286402b6ef7862b78a386950246ff38d6d2f458136d12e3c97fdd9866",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : [
+            "SignatureMalleability"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 75,
+          "comment" : "checking malleability ",
+          "msg" : "54657374",
+          "sig" : "5d053ff5b71f6ec3284525d35d77933178c8e19879886d08eccc6c7d27e9e5b5e02537dbc4d4723506e8d171fc1733857573dd02d18f48f28031d67d699a188a9ca46b4eabe2107aef237ca609cb462e24c91d25d286402b6ef7862b78a386950246ff38d6d2f458136d12e3c97fdd98a6",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : [
+            "SignatureMalleability"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 76,
+          "comment" : "checking malleability ",
+          "msg" : "54657374",
+          "sig" : "5d053ff5b71f6ec3284525d35d77933178c8e19879886d08eccc6c7d27e9e5b5e02537dbc4d4723506e8d171fc1733857573dd02d18f48f28031d67d699a188a9ca46b4eabe2107aef237ca609cb462e24c91d25d286402b6ef7862b78a386950246ff38d6d2f458136d12e3c97fdd9826",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : [
+            "SignatureMalleability"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 77,
+          "comment" : "checking malleability ",
+          "msg" : "54657374",
+          "sig" : "5d053ff5b71f6ec3284525d35d77933178c8e19879886d08eccc6c7d27e9e5b5e02537dbc4d4723506e8d171fc1733857573dd02d18f48f28030d67d699a188a9ca46b4eabe2107aef237ca609cb462e24c91d25d285402b6ef7862b78a386950246ff38d6d2f458136d12e3c97fdd9826",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : [
+            "SignatureMalleability"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "jwk" : {
+        "crv" : "Ed448",
+        "d" : "bIKlYsuAjRDWMr6JyFE-v2ySnzTd-oyfY8mWDvbjSKNSjIo_zC8ETjmj_FuUSS-PAy51SaIAmPlb",
+        "kid" : "none",
+        "kty" : "OKP",
+        "x" : "X9dEm1m0Yf0s54fsYWrUah2hNCSFpw4fig6nXYDpZ3jt8SR2m0bHBhvWeD3x5Q9s0foavq_oJWGA"
+      },
+      "key" : {
+        "curve" : "edwards448",
+        "keySize" : 448,
+        "pk" : "5fd7449b59b461fd2ce787ec616ad46a1da1342485a70e1f8a0ea75d80e96778edf124769b46c7061bd6783df1e50f6cd1fa1abeafe8256180",
+        "sk" : "6c82a562cb808d10d632be89c8513ebf6c929f34ddfa8c9f63c9960ef6e348a3528c8a3fcc2f044e39a3fc5b94492f8f032e7549a20098f95b",
+        "type" : "EDDSAKeyPair"
+      },
+      "keyDer" : "3043300506032b6571033a005fd7449b59b461fd2ce787ec616ad46a1da1342485a70e1f8a0ea75d80e96778edf124769b46c7061bd6783df1e50f6cd1fa1abeafe8256180",
+      "keyPem" : "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMEMwBQYDK2VxAzoAX9dEm1m0Yf0s54fsYWrUah2hNCSFpw4fig6nXYDpZ3jt8SR2m0bHBhvWeD3x5Q9s0foavq/oJWGA\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n",
+      "type" : "EddsaVerify",
+      "tests" : [
+        {
+          "tcId" : 78,
+          "comment" : "RFC 8032",
+          "msg" : "",
+          "sig" : "533a37f6bbe457251f023c0d88f976ae2dfb504a843e34d2074fd823d41a591f2b233f034f628281f2fd7a22ddd47d7828c59bd0a21bfd3980ff0d2028d4b18a9df63e006c5d1c2d345b925d8dc00b4104852db99ac5c7cdda8530a113a0f4dbb61149f05a7363268c71d95808ff2e652600",
+          "result" : "valid",
+          "flags" : []
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "jwk" : {
+        "crv" : "Ed448",
+        "d" : "xOqwXTVwB8Yy89u0hImSTVUrCP4MNToNSh8ArNosRjr76mfF6NKHfF47w5emWZSe-AIelU4KEidO",
+        "kid" : "none",
+        "kty" : "OKP",
+        "x" : "Q7oo9DDN_0Vq5TFUX37NCsg0pV2TWMA3K_oMbGeYwIZq6gHrAHQoArhDjqTLghacI1FgYntMOpSA"
+      },
+      "key" : {
+        "curve" : "edwards448",
+        "keySize" : 448,
+        "pk" : "43ba28f430cdff456ae531545f7ecd0ac834a55d9358c0372bfa0c6c6798c0866aea01eb00742802b8438ea4cb82169c235160627b4c3a9480",
+        "sk" : "c4eab05d357007c632f3dbb48489924d552b08fe0c353a0d4a1f00acda2c463afbea67c5e8d2877c5e3bc397a659949ef8021e954e0a12274e",
+        "type" : "EDDSAKeyPair"
+      },
+      "keyDer" : "3043300506032b6571033a0043ba28f430cdff456ae531545f7ecd0ac834a55d9358c0372bfa0c6c6798c0866aea01eb00742802b8438ea4cb82169c235160627b4c3a9480",
+      "keyPem" : "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMEMwBQYDK2VxAzoAQ7oo9DDN/0Vq5TFUX37NCsg0pV2TWMA3K/oMbGeYwIZq6gHrAHQoArhDjqTLghacI1FgYntMOpSA\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n",
+      "type" : "EddsaVerify",
+      "tests" : [
+        {
+          "tcId" : 79,
+          "comment" : "RFC 8032: 1 octet",
+          "msg" : "03",
+          "sig" : "26b8f91727bd62897af15e41eb43c377efb9c610d48f2335cb0bd0087810f4352541b143c4b981b7e18f62de8ccdf633fc1bf037ab7cd779805e0dbcc0aae1cbcee1afb2e027df36bc04dcecbf154336c19f0af7e0a6472905e799f1953d2a0ff3348ab21aa4adafd1d234441cf807c03a00",
+          "result" : "valid",
+          "flags" : []
+        },
+        {
+          "tcId" : 80,
+          "comment" : "RFC 8032: 1 octet with context",
+          "msg" : "03",
+          "sig" : "d4f8f6131770dd46f40867d6fd5d5055de43541f8c5e35abbcd001b32a89f7d2151f7647f11d8ca2ae279fb842d607217fce6e042f6815ea000c85741de5c8da1144a6a1aba7f96de42505d7a7298524fda538fccbbb754f578c1cad10d54d0d5428407e85dcbc98a49155c13764e66c3c00",
+          "result" : "invalid",
+          "flags" : []
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "jwk" : {
+        "crv" : "Ed448",
+        "d" : "zSPST3FCdOdENDI3uTKQ9RH2Ql-Y5kRZ_yA-iYUIP_32BQBVOrwOBc0CGEvbicTM1n4YeVEmfrMo",
+        "kid" : "none",
+        "kty" : "OKP",
+        "x" : "3OqeePNaG_NJmoMbELhskKrAHNhLZ6AQm1WjbpMoseNl_OFh1xznExpUPqTLX36fHYsAaWRHABQA"
+      },
+      "key" : {
+        "curve" : "edwards448",
+        "keySize" : 448,
+        "pk" : "dcea9e78f35a1bf3499a831b10b86c90aac01cd84b67a0109b55a36e9328b1e365fce161d71ce7131a543ea4cb5f7e9f1d8b00696447001400",
+        "sk" : "cd23d24f714274e744343237b93290f511f6425f98e64459ff203e8985083ffdf60500553abc0e05cd02184bdb89c4ccd67e187951267eb328",
+        "type" : "EDDSAKeyPair"
+      },
+      "keyDer" : "3043300506032b6571033a00dcea9e78f35a1bf3499a831b10b86c90aac01cd84b67a0109b55a36e9328b1e365fce161d71ce7131a543ea4cb5f7e9f1d8b00696447001400",
+      "keyPem" : "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMEMwBQYDK2VxAzoA3OqeePNaG/NJmoMbELhskKrAHNhLZ6AQm1WjbpMoseNl/OFh1xznExpUPqTLX36fHYsAaWRHABQA\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n",
+      "type" : "EddsaVerify",
+      "tests" : [
+        {
+          "tcId" : 81,
+          "comment" : "RFC 8032: 11 bytes",
+          "msg" : "0c3e544074ec63b0265e0c",
+          "sig" : "1f0a8888ce25e8d458a21130879b840a9089d999aaba039eaf3e3afa090a09d389dba82c4ff2ae8ac5cdfb7c55e94d5d961a29fe0109941e00b8dbdeea6d3b051068df7254c0cdc129cbe62db2dc957dbb47b51fd3f213fb8698f064774250a5028961c9bf8ffd973fe5d5c206492b140e00",
+          "result" : "valid",
+          "flags" : []
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "jwk" : {
+        "crv" : "Ed448",
+        "d" : "JYzdStoy7Zyf9U5jdWrlgvuPqyrHIfLI5nanJ2hRPZOfY93bVWCRM_Ka34bsmSncy1LBxf0v9-Ib",
+        "kid" : "none",
+        "kty" : "OKP",
+        "x" : "O6FtoMbyzB8wGHdAdW9eeY1rxfwBXXxjzJUQ7j_UStwk2OlotuRub5TRm5RTYXJr114UnvCYF_WA"
+      },
+      "key" : {
+        "curve" : "edwards448",
+        "keySize" : 448,
+        "pk" : "3ba16da0c6f2cc1f30187740756f5e798d6bc5fc015d7c63cc9510ee3fd44adc24d8e968b6e46e6f94d19b945361726bd75e149ef09817f580",
+        "sk" : "258cdd4ada32ed9c9ff54e63756ae582fb8fab2ac721f2c8e676a72768513d939f63dddb55609133f29adf86ec9929dccb52c1c5fd2ff7e21b",
+        "type" : "EDDSAKeyPair"
+      },
+      "keyDer" : "3043300506032b6571033a003ba16da0c6f2cc1f30187740756f5e798d6bc5fc015d7c63cc9510ee3fd44adc24d8e968b6e46e6f94d19b945361726bd75e149ef09817f580",
+      "keyPem" : "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMEMwBQYDK2VxAzoAO6FtoMbyzB8wGHdAdW9eeY1rxfwBXXxjzJUQ7j/UStwk2OlotuRub5TRm5RTYXJr114UnvCYF/WA\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n",
+      "type" : "EddsaVerify",
+      "tests" : [
+        {
+          "tcId" : 82,
+          "comment" : "RFC 8032: 12 bytes",
+          "msg" : "64a65f3cdedcdd66811e2915",
+          "sig" : "7eeeab7c4e50fb799b418ee5e3197ff6bf15d43a14c34389b59dd1a7b1b85b4ae90438aca634bea45e3a2695f1270f07fdcdf7c62b8efeaf00b45c2c96ba457eb1a8bf075a3db28e5c24f6b923ed4ad747c3c9e03c7079efb87cb110d3a99861e72003cbae6d6b8b827e4e6c143064ff3c00",
+          "result" : "valid",
+          "flags" : []
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "jwk" : {
+        "crv" : "Ed448",
+        "d" : "fvToRUQjZ1L7tWuPMaI6EOQoFPX1XKA3zcwRxkyaOylJwbtgcAMUYRcypsL-qY7rwCZqEak5cBAO",
+        "kid" : "none",
+        "kty" : "OKP",
+        "x" : "s9oHmwqkk6V3ICnwRnuuvuWoES2dOiJTI2HaKU97s4FcXcWeF2tNnzgcoJOOE8bAexdL5l36V46A"
+      },
+      "key" : {
+        "curve" : "edwards448",
+        "keySize" : 448,
+        "pk" : "b3da079b0aa493a5772029f0467baebee5a8112d9d3a22532361da294f7bb3815c5dc59e176b4d9f381ca0938e13c6c07b174be65dfa578e80",
+        "sk" : "7ef4e84544236752fbb56b8f31a23a10e42814f5f55ca037cdcc11c64c9a3b2949c1bb60700314611732a6c2fea98eebc0266a11a93970100e",
+        "type" : "EDDSAKeyPair"
+      },
+      "keyDer" : "3043300506032b6571033a00b3da079b0aa493a5772029f0467baebee5a8112d9d3a22532361da294f7bb3815c5dc59e176b4d9f381ca0938e13c6c07b174be65dfa578e80",
+      "keyPem" : "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMEMwBQYDK2VxAzoAs9oHmwqkk6V3ICnwRnuuvuWoES2dOiJTI2HaKU97s4FcXcWeF2tNnzgcoJOOE8bAexdL5l36V46A\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n",
+      "type" : "EddsaVerify",
+      "tests" : [
+        {
+          "tcId" : 83,
+          "comment" : "RFC 8032: 13 bytes",
+          "msg" : "64a65f3cdedcdd66811e2915e7",
+          "sig" : "6a12066f55331b6c22acd5d5bfc5d71228fbda80ae8dec26bdd306743c5027cb4890810c162c027468675ecf645a83176c0d7323a2ccde2d80efe5a1268e8aca1d6fbc194d3f77c44986eb4ab4177919ad8bec33eb47bbb5fc6e28196fd1caf56b4e7e0ba5519234d047155ac727a1053100",
+          "result" : "valid",
+          "flags" : []
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "jwk" : {
+        "crv" : "Ed448",
+        "d" : "1l3zQa0T4AhWdoi67dqOnc3BfcAkl06ltCJ7ZTDjOb_yH5nmjKaWjzzKbf4PufT6tPoTXVVC6j8B",
+        "kid" : "none",
+        "kty" : "OKP",
+        "x" : "35cF9Y7bq4Asf4Njz-VWCrHGEywgqfHdFjSDom-KxTo51oCL9KHfvSYbCZuwOz-1CQbLKL2KCB8A"
+      },
+      "key" : {
+        "curve" : "edwards448",
+        "keySize" : 448,
+        "pk" : "df9705f58edbab802c7f8363cfe5560ab1c6132c20a9f1dd163483a26f8ac53a39d6808bf4a1dfbd261b099bb03b3fb50906cb28bd8a081f00",
+        "sk" : "d65df341ad13e008567688baedda8e9dcdc17dc024974ea5b4227b6530e339bff21f99e68ca6968f3cca6dfe0fb9f4fab4fa135d5542ea3f01",
+        "type" : "EDDSAKeyPair"
+      },
+      "keyDer" : "3043300506032b6571033a00df9705f58edbab802c7f8363cfe5560ab1c6132c20a9f1dd163483a26f8ac53a39d6808bf4a1dfbd261b099bb03b3fb50906cb28bd8a081f00",
+      "keyPem" : "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMEMwBQYDK2VxAzoA35cF9Y7bq4Asf4Njz+VWCrHGEywgqfHdFjSDom+KxTo51oCL9KHfvSYbCZuwOz+1CQbLKL2KCB8A\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n",
+      "type" : "EddsaVerify",
+      "tests" : [
+        {
+          "tcId" : 84,
+          "comment" : "RFC 8032: 64 bytes",
+          "msg" : "bd0f6a3747cd561bdddf4640a332461a4a30a12a434cd0bf40d766d9c6d458e5512204a30c17d1f50b5079631f64eb3112182da3005835461113718d1a5ef944",
+          "sig" : "554bc2480860b49eab8532d2a533b7d578ef473eeb58c98bb2d0e1ce488a98b18dfde9b9b90775e67f47d4a1c3482058efc9f40d2ca033a0801b63d45b3b722ef552bad3b4ccb667da350192b61c508cf7b6b5adadc2c8d9a446ef003fb05cba5f30e88e36ec2703b349ca229c2670833900",
+          "result" : "valid",
+          "flags" : []
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "jwk" : {
+        "crv" : "Ed448",
+        "d" : "LsX-PBcEWr2xNqXmqRPjKrda5otT0vwUm3flBBMtN1abfnZrp0oZvWFiNDohyFkKqc68qQFMY231",
+        "kid" : "none",
+        "kty" : "OKP",
+        "x" : "eXVvAU3P4gefXdnnGL5BceLvJIagjyUYb2v_Q6mTa5v-EkArCK5leYo9geIunsgOdpCGLvPU7ToA"
+      },
+      "key" : {
+        "curve" : "edwards448",
+        "keySize" : 448,
+        "pk" : "79756f014dcfe2079f5dd9e718be4171e2ef2486a08f25186f6bff43a9936b9bfe12402b08ae65798a3d81e22e9ec80e7690862ef3d4ed3a00",
+        "sk" : "2ec5fe3c17045abdb136a5e6a913e32ab75ae68b53d2fc149b77e504132d37569b7e766ba74a19bd6162343a21c8590aa9cebca9014c636df5",
+        "type" : "EDDSAKeyPair"
+      },
+      "keyDer" : "3043300506032b6571033a0079756f014dcfe2079f5dd9e718be4171e2ef2486a08f25186f6bff43a9936b9bfe12402b08ae65798a3d81e22e9ec80e7690862ef3d4ed3a00",
+      "keyPem" : "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMEMwBQYDK2VxAzoAeXVvAU3P4gefXdnnGL5BceLvJIagjyUYb2v/Q6mTa5v+EkArCK5leYo9geIunsgOdpCGLvPU7ToA\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n",
+      "type" : "EddsaVerify",
+      "tests" : [
+        {
+          "tcId" : 85,
+          "comment" : "RFC 8032: 256 bytes",
+          "msg" : "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",
+          "sig" : "c650ddbb0601c19ca11439e1640dd931f43c518ea5bea70d3dcde5f4191fe53f00cf966546b72bcc7d58be2b9badef28743954e3a44a23f880e8d4f1cfce2d7a61452d26da05896f0a50da66a239a8a188b6d825b3305ad77b73fbac0836ecc60987fd08527c1a8e80d5823e65cafe2a3d00",
+          "result" : "valid",
+          "flags" : []
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "jwk" : {
+        "crv" : "Ed448",
+        "d" : "hy0JN4D103MN98ISZks3uKDyT1aBDaqDgs1Po_d2NOxE3FTxwu2b6ob6-3Yy2L4ZnqFl9a1V3Zzo",
+        "kid" : "none",
+        "kty" : "OKP",
+        "x" : "qBsuinClrJT_28ybrfw_6wgB8lhXi7EUrUTs4ewOeZ2gjv-4HF1oXAxW9k7srvjN8RzDhzeDjPQA"
+      },
+      "key" : {
+        "curve" : "edwards448",
+        "keySize" : 448,
+        "pk" : "a81b2e8a70a5ac94ffdbcc9badfc3feb0801f258578bb114ad44ece1ec0e799da08effb81c5d685c0c56f64eecaef8cdf11cc38737838cf400",
+        "sk" : "872d093780f5d3730df7c212664b37b8a0f24f56810daa8382cd4fa3f77634ec44dc54f1c2ed9bea86fafb7632d8be199ea165f5ad55dd9ce8",
+        "type" : "EDDSAKeyPair"
+      },
+      "keyDer" : "3043300506032b6571033a00a81b2e8a70a5ac94ffdbcc9badfc3feb0801f258578bb114ad44ece1ec0e799da08effb81c5d685c0c56f64eecaef8cdf11cc38737838cf400",
+      "keyPem" : "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMEMwBQYDK2VxAzoAqBsuinClrJT/28ybrfw/6wgB8lhXi7EUrUTs4ewOeZ2gjv+4HF1oXAxW9k7srvjN8RzDhzeDjPQA\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n",
+      "type" : "EddsaVerify",
+      "tests" : [
+        {
+          "tcId" : 86,
+          "comment" : "RFC 8032: 1023 bytes",
+          "msg" : "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",
+          "sig" : "e301345a41a39a4d72fff8df69c98075a0cc082b802fc9b2b6bc503f926b65bddf7f4c8f1cb49f6396afc8a70abe6d8aef0db478d4c6b2970076c6a0484fe76d76b3a97625d79f1ce240e7c576750d295528286f719b413de9ada3e8eb78ed573603ce30d8bb761785dc30dbc320869e1a00",
+          "result" : "valid",
+          "flags" : []
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}

test/fixtures/rfc6979.json

@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
-[
-    {
-        "curve": "P192",
-        "q": "FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF99DEF836146BC9B1B4D22831",
-        "private": "6FAB034934E4C0FC9AE67F5B5659A9D7D1FEFD187EE09FD4",
-        "Ux": "AC2C77F529F91689FEA0EA5EFEC7F210D8EEA0B9E047ED56",
-        "Uy": "3BC723E57670BD4887EBC732C523063D0A7C957BC97C1C43",
-        "cases": [
-            {
-                "k": "32B1B6D7D42A05CB449065727A84804FB1A3E34D8F261496",
-                "message": "sample",
-                "r": "4B0B8CE98A92866A2820E20AA6B75B56382E0F9BFD5ECB55",
-                "s": "CCDB006926EA9565CBADC840829D8C384E06DE1F1E381B85"
-            },
-            {
-                "k": "5C4CE89CF56D9E7C77C8585339B006B97B5F0680B4306C6C",
-                "message": "test",
-                "r": "3A718BD8B4926C3B52EE6BBE67EF79B18CB6EB62B1AD97AE",
-                "s": "5662E6848A4A19B1F1AE2F72ACD4B8BBE50F1EAC65D9124F"
-            }
-        ]
-    },
-    {
-        "curve": "P224",
-        "q": "FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF16A2E0B8F03E13DD29455C5C2A3D",
-        "private": "F220266E1105BFE3083E03EC7A3A654651F45E37167E88600BF257C1",
-        "Ux": "00CF08DA5AD719E42707FA431292DEA11244D64FC51610D94B130D6C",
-        "Uy": "EEAB6F3DEBE455E3DBF85416F7030CBD94F34F2D6F232C69F3C1385A",
-        "cases": [
-            {
-                "k": "C1D1F2F10881088301880506805FEB4825FE09ACB6816C36991AA06D",
-                "message": "sample",
-                "r": "1CDFE6662DDE1E4A1EC4CDEDF6A1F5A2FB7FBD9145C12113E6ABFD3E",
-                "s": "A6694FD7718A21053F225D3F46197CA699D45006C06F871808F43EBC"
-            },
-            {
-                "k": "DF8B38D40DCA3E077D0AC520BF56B6D565134D9B5F2EAE0D34900524",
-                "message": "test",
-                "r": "C441CE8E261DED634E4CF84910E4C5D1D22C5CF3B732BB204DBEF019",
-                "s": "902F42847A63BDC5F6046ADA114953120F99442D76510150F372A3F4"
-            }
-        ]
-    },
-    {
-        "curve": "P256",
-        "q": "FFFFFFFF00000000FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFBCE6FAADA7179E84F3B9CAC2FC632551",
-        "private": "C9AFA9D845BA75166B5C215767B1D6934E50C3DB36E89B127B8A622B120F6721",
-        "Ux": "60FED4BA255A9D31C961EB74C6356D68C049B8923B61FA6CE669622E60F29FB6",
-        "Uy": "7903FE1008B8BC99A41AE9E95628BC64F2F1B20C2D7E9F5177A3C294D4462299",
-        "cases": [
-            {
-                "k": "A6E3C57DD01ABE90086538398355DD4C3B17AA873382B0F24D6129493D8AAD60",
-                "message": "sample",
-                "r": "EFD48B2AACB6A8FD1140DD9CD45E81D69D2C877B56AAF991C34D0EA84EAF3716",
-                "s": "F7CB1C942D657C41D436C7A1B6E29F65F3E900DBB9AFF4064DC4AB2F843ACDA8"
-            },
-            {
-                "k": "D16B6AE827F17175E040871A1C7EC3500192C4C92677336EC2537ACAEE0008E0",
-                "message": "test",
-                "r": "F1ABB023518351CD71D881567B1EA663ED3EFCF6C5132B354F28D3B0B7D38367",
-                "s": "019F4113742A2B14BD25926B49C649155F267E60D3814B4C0CC84250E46F0083"
-            }
-        ]
-    },
-    {
-        "curve": "P384",
-        "q": "FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFC7634D81F4372DDF581A0DB248B0A77AECEC196ACCC52973",
-        "private": "6B9D3DAD2E1B8C1C05B19875B6659F4DE23C3B667BF297BA9AA47740787137D896D5724E4C70A825F872C9EA60D2EDF5",
-        "Ux": "EC3A4E415B4E19A4568618029F427FA5DA9A8BC4AE92E02E06AAE5286B300C64DEF8F0EA9055866064A254515480BC13",
-        "Uy": "8015D9B72D7D57244EA8EF9AC0C621896708A59367F9DFB9F54CA84B3F1C9DB1288B231C3AE0D4FE7344FD2533264720",
-        "cases": [
-            {
-                "k": "94ED910D1A099DAD3254E9242AE85ABDE4BA15168EAF0CA87A555FD56D10FBCA2907E3E83BA95368623B8C4686915CF9",
-                "message": "sample",
-                "r": "94EDBB92A5ECB8AAD4736E56C691916B3F88140666CE9FA73D64C4EA95AD133C81A648152E44ACF96E36DD1E80FABE46",
-                "s": "99EF4AEB15F178CEA1FE40DB2603138F130E740A19624526203B6351D0A3A94FA329C145786E679E7B82C71A38628AC8"
-            },
-            {
-                "k": "015EE46A5BF88773ED9123A5AB0807962D193719503C527B031B4C2D225092ADA71F4A459BC0DA98ADB95837DB8312EA",
-                "message": "test",
-                "r": "8203B63D3C853E8D77227FB377BCF7B7B772E97892A80F36AB775D509D7A5FEB0542A7F0812998DA8F1DD3CA3CF023DB",
-                "s": "DDD0760448D42D8A43AF45AF836FCE4DE8BE06B485E9B61B827C2F13173923E06A739F040649A667BF3B828246BAA5A5"
-            }
-        ]
-    },
-    {
-        "curve": "P521",
-        "q": "1FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFA51868783BF2F966B7FCC0148F709A5D03BB5C9B8899C47AEBB6FB71E91386409",
-        "private": "0FAD06DAA62BA3B25D2FB40133DA757205DE67F5BB0018FEE8C86E1B68C7E75CAA896EB32F1F47C70855836A6D16FCC1466F6D8FBEC67DB89EC0C08B0E996B83538",
-        "Ux": "1894550D0785932E00EAA23B694F213F8C3121F86DC97A04E5A7167DB4E5BCD371123D46E45DB6B5D5370A7F20FB633155D38FFA16D2BD761DCAC474B9A2F5023A4",
-        "Uy": "0493101C962CD4D2FDDF782285E64584139C2F91B47F87FF82354D6630F746A28A0DB25741B5B34A828008B22ACC23F924FAAFBD4D33F81EA66956DFEAA2BFDFCF5",
-        "cases": [
-            {
-                "k": "1DAE2EA071F8110DC26882D4D5EAE0621A3256FC8847FB9022E2B7D28E6F10198B1574FDD03A9053C08A1854A168AA5A57470EC97DD5CE090124EF52A2F7ECBFFD3",
-                "message": "sample",
-                "r": "0C328FAFCBD79DD77850370C46325D987CB525569FB63C5D3BC53950E6D4C5F174E25A1EE9017B5D450606ADD152B534931D7D4E8455CC91F9B15BF05EC36E377FA",
-                "s": "0617CCE7CF5064806C467F678D3B4080D6F1CC50AF26CA209417308281B68AF282623EAA63E5B5C0723D8B8C37FF0777B1A20F8CCB1DCCC43997F1EE0E44DA4A67A"
-            },
-            {
-                "k": "16200813020EC986863BEDFC1B121F605C1215645018AEA1A7B215A564DE9EB1B38A67AA1128B80CE391C4FB71187654AAA3431027BFC7F395766CA988C964DC56D",
-                "message": "test",
-                "r": "13E99020ABF5CEE7525D16B69B229652AB6BDF2AFFCAEF38773B4B7D08725F10CDB93482FDCC54EDCEE91ECA4166B2A7C6265EF0CE2BD7051B7CEF945BABD47EE6D",
-                "s": "1FBD0013C674AA79CB39849527916CE301C66EA7CE8B80682786AD60F98F7E78A19CA69EFF5C57400E3B3A0AD66CE0978214D13BAF4E9AC60752F7B155E2DE4DCE3"
-            }
-        ]
-    }
-]

test/hash-to-curve.test.js

@@ -5,18 +5,15 @@ import { bytesToHex } from '@noble/hashes/utils';
 import { sha256 } from '@noble/hashes/sha256';
 import { sha512 } from '@noble/hashes/sha512';
 import { shake128, shake256 } from '@noble/hashes/sha3';
-import * as secp256r1 from '../lib/esm/p256.js';
+import * as secp256r1 from '../esm/p256.js';
-import * as secp384r1 from '../lib/esm/p384.js';
+import * as secp384r1 from '../esm/p384.js';
-import * as secp521r1 from '../lib/esm/p521.js';
+import * as secp521r1 from '../esm/p521.js';
-import * as ed25519 from '../lib/esm/ed25519.js';
+import * as ed25519 from '../esm/ed25519.js';
-import * as ed448 from '../lib/esm/ed448.js';
+import * as ed448 from '../esm/ed448.js';
-import * as secp256k1 from '../lib/esm/secp256k1.js';
+import * as secp256k1 from '../esm/secp256k1.js';
-import { bls12_381 } from '../lib/esm/bls12-381.js';
+import { bls12_381 } from '../esm/bls12-381.js';
-import {
+import { expand_message_xmd, expand_message_xof } from '../esm/abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
-  stringToBytes,
+import { utf8ToBytes } from '../esm/abstract/utils.js';
-  expand_message_xmd,
-  expand_message_xof,
-} from '../lib/esm/abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
 // XMD
 import { default as xmd_sha256_38 } from './hash-to-curve/expand_message_xmd_SHA256_38.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 import { default as xmd_sha256_256 } from './hash-to-curve/expand_message_xmd_SHA256_256.json' assert { type: 'json' };
@@ -26,29 +23,29 @@ import { default as xof_shake128_36 } from './hash-to-curve/expand_message_xof_S
 import { default as xof_shake128_256 } from './hash-to-curve/expand_message_xof_SHAKE128_256.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 import { default as xof_shake256_36 } from './hash-to-curve/expand_message_xof_SHAKE256_36.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 // P256
-import { default as p256_ro } from './hash-to-curve/P256_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as p256_ro } from './hash-to-curve/P256_XMD_SHA-256_SSWU_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-import { default as p256_nu } from './hash-to-curve/P256_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as p256_nu } from './hash-to-curve/P256_XMD_SHA-256_SSWU_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 // P384
-import { default as p384_ro } from './hash-to-curve/P384_XMD:SHA-384_SSWU_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as p384_ro } from './hash-to-curve/P384_XMD_SHA-384_SSWU_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-import { default as p384_nu } from './hash-to-curve/P384_XMD:SHA-384_SSWU_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as p384_nu } from './hash-to-curve/P384_XMD_SHA-384_SSWU_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 // P521
-import { default as p521_ro } from './hash-to-curve/P521_XMD:SHA-512_SSWU_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as p521_ro } from './hash-to-curve/P521_XMD_SHA-512_SSWU_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-import { default as p521_nu } from './hash-to-curve/P521_XMD:SHA-512_SSWU_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as p521_nu } from './hash-to-curve/P521_XMD_SHA-512_SSWU_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 // secp256k1
-import { default as secp256k1_ro } from './hash-to-curve/secp256k1_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as secp256k1_ro } from './hash-to-curve/secp256k1_XMD_SHA-256_SSWU_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-import { default as secp256k1_nu } from './hash-to-curve/secp256k1_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as secp256k1_nu } from './hash-to-curve/secp256k1_XMD_SHA-256_SSWU_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 // bls-G1
-import { default as g1_ro } from './hash-to-curve/BLS12381G1_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as g1_ro } from './hash-to-curve/BLS12381G1_XMD_SHA-256_SSWU_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-import { default as g1_nu } from './hash-to-curve/BLS12381G1_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as g1_nu } from './hash-to-curve/BLS12381G1_XMD_SHA-256_SSWU_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 // bls-G2
-import { default as g2_ro } from './hash-to-curve/BLS12381G2_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as g2_ro } from './hash-to-curve/BLS12381G2_XMD_SHA-256_SSWU_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-import { default as g2_nu } from './hash-to-curve/BLS12381G2_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as g2_nu } from './hash-to-curve/BLS12381G2_XMD_SHA-256_SSWU_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 // ed25519
-import { default as ed25519_ro } from './hash-to-curve/edwards25519_XMD:SHA-512_ELL2_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as ed25519_ro } from './hash-to-curve/edwards25519_XMD_SHA-512_ELL2_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-import { default as ed25519_nu } from './hash-to-curve/edwards25519_XMD:SHA-512_ELL2_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as ed25519_nu } from './hash-to-curve/edwards25519_XMD_SHA-512_ELL2_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 // ed448
-import { default as ed448_ro } from './hash-to-curve/edwards448_XOF:SHAKE256_ELL2_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as ed448_ro } from './hash-to-curve/edwards448_XOF_SHAKE256_ELL2_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-import { default as ed448_nu } from './hash-to-curve/edwards448_XOF:SHAKE256_ELL2_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as ed448_nu } from './hash-to-curve/edwards448_XOF_SHAKE256_ELL2_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 
 function testExpandXMD(hash, vectors) {
   describe(`${vectors.hash}/${vectors.DST.length}`, () => {
@@ -56,9 +53,9 @@ function testExpandXMD(hash, vectors) {
       const t = vectors.tests[i];
       should(`${vectors.hash}/${vectors.DST.length}/${i}`, () => {
         const p = expand_message_xmd(
-          stringToBytes(t.msg),
+          utf8ToBytes(t.msg),
-          stringToBytes(vectors.DST),
+          utf8ToBytes(vectors.DST),
-          t.len_in_bytes,
+          Number.parseInt(t.len_in_bytes),
           hash
         );
         deepStrictEqual(bytesToHex(p), t.uniform_bytes);
@@ -79,9 +76,9 @@ function testExpandXOF(hash, vectors) {
       const t = vectors.tests[i];
       should(`${i}`, () => {
         const p = expand_message_xof(
-          stringToBytes(t.msg),
+          utf8ToBytes(t.msg),
-          stringToBytes(vectors.DST),
+          utf8ToBytes(vectors.DST),
-          +t.len_in_bytes,
+          Number.parseInt(t.len_in_bytes),
           vectors.k,
           hash
         );
@@ -112,7 +109,7 @@ function testCurve(curve, ro, nu) {
       const t = ro.vectors[i];
       should(`(${i})`, () => {
         const p = curve
-          .hashToCurve(stringToBytes(t.msg), {
+          .hashToCurve(utf8ToBytes(t.msg), {
             DST: ro.dst,
           })
           .toAffine();
@@ -126,7 +123,7 @@ function testCurve(curve, ro, nu) {
       const t = nu.vectors[i];
       should(`(${i})`, () => {
         const p = curve
-          .encodeToCurve(stringToBytes(t.msg), {
+          .encodeToCurve(utf8ToBytes(t.msg), {
             DST: nu.dst,
           })
           .toAffine();
@@ -140,8 +137,8 @@ function testCurve(curve, ro, nu) {
 testCurve(secp256r1, p256_ro, p256_nu);
 testCurve(secp384r1, p384_ro, p384_nu);
 testCurve(secp521r1, p521_ro, p521_nu);
-testCurve(bls12_381.hashToCurve.G1, g1_ro, g1_nu);
+testCurve(bls12_381.G1, g1_ro, g1_nu);
-testCurve(bls12_381.hashToCurve.G2, g2_ro, g2_nu);
+testCurve(bls12_381.G2, g2_ro, g2_nu);
 testCurve(secp256k1, secp256k1_ro, secp256k1_nu);
 testCurve(ed25519, ed25519_ro, ed25519_nu);
 testCurve(ed448, ed448_ro, ed448_nu);

test/index.test.js

@@ -4,11 +4,14 @@ import { should } from 'micro-should';
 import './basic.test.js';
 import './nist.test.js';
 import './ed448.test.js';
+import './ed448-addons.test.js';
 import './ed25519.test.js';
+import './ed25519-addons.test.js';
 import './secp256k1.test.js';
-import './stark/index.test.js';
+import './secp256k1-schnorr.test.js';
 import './jubjub.test.js';
-import './bls12-381.test.js';
 import './hash-to-curve.test.js';
+import './poseidon.test.js';
+import './bls12-381.test.js';
 
 should.run();

test/jubjub.test.js

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { jubjub, findGroupHash } from '../lib/esm/jubjub.js';
+import { jubjub, findGroupHash } from '../esm/jubjub.js';
 import { describe, should } from 'micro-should';
 import { deepStrictEqual, throws } from 'assert';
 const Point = jubjub.ExtendedPoint;

test/nist.test.js

@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 import { deepStrictEqual, throws } from 'assert';
 import { describe, should } from 'micro-should';
-import { secp192r1, P192 } from '../lib/esm/p192.js';
+import { secp192r1, secp224r1, p192, p224 } from './_more-curves.helpers.js';
-import { secp224r1, P224 } from '../lib/esm/p224.js';
+import { DER } from '../esm/abstract/weierstrass.js';
-import { secp256r1, P256 } from '../lib/esm/p256.js';
+import { secp256r1, p256 } from '../esm/p256.js';
-import { secp384r1, P384 } from '../lib/esm/p384.js';
+import { secp384r1, p384 } from '../esm/p384.js';
-import { secp521r1, P521 } from '../lib/esm/p521.js';
+import { secp521r1, p521 } from '../esm/p521.js';
-import { secp256k1 } from '../lib/esm/secp256k1.js';
+import { secp256k1 } from '../esm/secp256k1.js';
-import { hexToBytes, bytesToHex } from '../lib/esm/abstract/utils.js';
+import { hexToBytes, bytesToHex } from '../esm/abstract/utils.js';
 import { default as ecdsa } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 import { default as ecdh } from './wycheproof/ecdh_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-import { default as rfc6979 } from './fixtures/rfc6979.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as rfc6979 } from './vectors/rfc6979.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as endoVectors } from './vectors/secp256k1/endomorphism.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 
 import { default as ecdh_secp224r1_test } from './wycheproof/ecdh_secp224r1_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 import { default as ecdh_secp256r1_test } from './wycheproof/ecdh_secp256r1_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
@@ -23,38 +24,59 @@ import { default as secp224r1_sha3_224_test } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_secp224r1
 import { default as secp224r1_sha3_256_test } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_secp224r1_sha3_256_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 import { default as secp224r1_sha3_512_test } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_secp224r1_sha3_512_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 import { default as secp224r1_sha512_test } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_secp224r1_sha512_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as secp224r1_shake128_test } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_secp224r1_shake128_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 
+import { default as secp256k1_sha256_bitcoin_test } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_secp256k1_sha256_bitcoin_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 import { default as secp256k1_sha256_test } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_secp256k1_sha256_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 import { default as secp256k1_sha3_256_test } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_secp256k1_sha3_256_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 import { default as secp256k1_sha3_512_test } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_secp256k1_sha3_512_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 import { default as secp256k1_sha512_test } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_secp256k1_sha512_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as secp256k1_shake128_test } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_secp256k1_shake128_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as secp256k1_shake256_test } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_secp256k1_shake256_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 
 import { default as secp256r1_sha256_test } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_secp256r1_sha256_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 import { default as secp256r1_sha3_256_test } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_secp256r1_sha3_256_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 import { default as secp256r1_sha3_512_test } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_secp256r1_sha3_512_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 import { default as secp256r1_sha512_test } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_secp256r1_sha512_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as secp256r1_shake128_test } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_secp256r1_shake128_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 
 import { default as secp384r1_sha384_test } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_secp384r1_sha384_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 import { default as secp384r1_sha3_384_test } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_secp384r1_sha3_384_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 import { default as secp384r1_sha3_512_test } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_secp384r1_sha3_512_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 import { default as secp384r1_sha512_test } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_secp384r1_sha512_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as secp384r1_shake256_test } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_secp384r1_shake256_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 
 import { default as secp521r1_sha3_512_test } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_secp521r1_sha3_512_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 import { default as secp521r1_sha512_test } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_secp521r1_sha512_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as secp521r1_shake256_test } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_secp521r1_shake256_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 
-import { sha3_224, sha3_256, sha3_384, sha3_512 } from '@noble/hashes/sha3';
+import { sha3_224, sha3_256, sha3_384, sha3_512, shake128, shake256 } from '@noble/hashes/sha3';
 import { sha512, sha384 } from '@noble/hashes/sha512';
 import { sha224, sha256 } from '@noble/hashes/sha256';
 
+// TODO: maybe add to noble-hashes?
+const wrapShake = (shake, dkLen) => {
+  const hashC = (msg) => shake(msg, { dkLen });
+  hashC.outputLen = dkLen;
+  hashC.blockLen = shake.blockLen;
+  hashC.create = () => shake.create({ dkLen });
+  return hashC;
+};
+const shake128_224 = wrapShake(shake128, 224 / 8);
+const shake128_256 = wrapShake(shake128, 256 / 8);
+const shake256_256 = wrapShake(shake256, 256 / 8);
+const shake256_384 = wrapShake(shake256, 384 / 8);
+const shake256_512 = wrapShake(shake256, 512 / 8);
+
 const hex = bytesToHex;
 
 // prettier-ignore
 const NIST = {
-  secp192r1, P192,
+  secp192r1, P192: p192,
-  secp224r1, P224,
+  secp224r1, P224: p224,
-  secp256r1, P256,
+  secp256r1, P256: p256,
-  secp384r1, P384,
+  secp384r1, P384: p384,
-  secp521r1, P521,
+  secp521r1, P521: p521,
   secp256k1,
 };
 
@@ -73,79 +95,32 @@ should('fields', () => {
   for (const n in vectors) deepStrictEqual(NIST[n].CURVE.Fp.ORDER, vectors[n]);
 });
 
-describe('wycheproof ECDH', () => {
+// We don't support ASN.1 encoding of points. For tests we've implemented quick
-  for (const group of ecdh.testGroups) {
+// and dirty parser: take X last bytes of ASN.1 encoded sequence.
-    // // Tested in secp256k1.test.js
+// If that doesn't work, we ignore such vector.
-    // if (group.key.curve === 'secp256k1') continue;
+function verifyECDHVector(test, curve) {
-    // We don't have SHA-224
+  if (test.flags.includes('InvalidAsn')) return; // Ignore invalid ASN
-    const CURVE = NIST[group.curve];
-    if (!CURVE) continue;
-    should(group.curve, () => {
-      for (const test of group.tests) {
   if (test.result === 'valid' || test.result === 'acceptable') {
+    const fnLen = curve.CURVE.nByteLength; // 32 for P256
+    const fpLen = curve.CURVE.Fp.BYTES; // 32 for P256
+    const encodedHexLen = fpLen * 2 * 2 + 2; // 130 (65 * 2) for P256
+    const pubB = test.public.slice(-encodedHexLen); // slice(-130) for P256
+    let privA = test.private;
+
+    // Some wycheproof vectors are padded with 00:
+    // 00c6cafb74e2a50c83b3d232c4585237f44d4c5433c4b3f50ce978e6aeda3a4f5d
+    // instead of
+    // c6cafb74e2a50c83b3d232c4585237f44d4c5433c4b3f50ce978e6aeda3a4f5d
+    if (privA.length / 2 === fnLen + 1 && privA.startsWith('00')) privA = privA.slice(2);
+
+    if (!curve.utils.isValidPrivateKey(privA)) return; // Ignore invalid private key size
     try {
-            const pub = CURVE.ProjectivePoint.fromHex(test.public);
+      curve.ProjectivePoint.fromHex(pubB);
     } catch (e) {
-            // Our strict validation filter doesn't let weird-length DER vectors
+      if (e.message.startsWith('Point of length')) return; // Ignore
-            if (e.message.startsWith('Point of length')) continue;
       throw e;
     }
-          const shared = CURVE.getSharedSecret(test.private, test.public);
+    const shared = curve.getSharedSecret(privA, pubB).subarray(1);
-          deepStrictEqual(shared, test.shared, 'valid');
-        } else if (test.result === 'invalid') {
-          let failed = false;
-          try {
-            CURVE.getSharedSecret(test.private, test.public);
-          } catch (error) {
-            failed = true;
-          }
-          deepStrictEqual(failed, true, 'invalid');
-        } else throw new Error('unknown test result');
-      }
-    });
-  }
-
-  // More per curve tests
-  const WYCHEPROOF_ECDH = {
-    P224: {
-      curve: P224,
-      tests: [ecdh_secp224r1_test],
-    },
-    P256: {
-      curve: P256,
-      tests: [ecdh_secp256r1_test],
-    },
-    secp256k1: {
-      curve: secp256k1,
-      tests: [ecdh_secp256k1_test],
-    },
-    P384: {
-      curve: P384,
-      tests: [ecdh_secp384r1_test],
-    },
-    P521: {
-      curve: P521,
-      tests: [ecdh_secp521r1_test],
-    },
-  };
-
-  for (const name in WYCHEPROOF_ECDH) {
-    const { curve, tests } = WYCHEPROOF_ECDH[name];
-    for (let i = 0; i < tests.length; i++) {
-      const test = tests[i];
-      for (let j = 0; j < test.testGroups.length; j++) {
-        const group = test.testGroups[j];
-        should(`additional ${name} (${i}/${j})`, () => {
-          for (const test of group.tests) {
-            if (test.result === 'valid' || test.result === 'acceptable') {
-              try {
-                const pub = curve.ProjectivePoint.fromHex(test.public);
-              } catch (e) {
-                // Our strict validation filter doesn't let weird-length DER vectors
-                if (e.message.includes('Point of length')) continue;
-                throw e;
-              }
-              const shared = curve.getSharedSecret(test.private, test.public);
     deepStrictEqual(hex(shared), test.shared, 'valid');
   } else if (test.result === 'invalid') {
     let failed = false;
@@ -156,6 +131,52 @@ describe('wycheproof ECDH', () => {
     }
     deepStrictEqual(failed, true, 'invalid');
   } else throw new Error('unknown test result');
+}
+
+describe('wycheproof ECDH', () => {
+  for (const group of ecdh.testGroups) {
+    const curve = NIST[group.curve];
+    if (!curve) continue;
+    should(group.curve, () => {
+      for (const test of group.tests) {
+        verifyECDHVector(test, curve);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  // More per curve tests
+  const WYCHEPROOF_ECDH = {
+    p224: {
+      curve: p224,
+      tests: [ecdh_secp224r1_test],
+    },
+    p256: {
+      curve: p256,
+      tests: [ecdh_secp256r1_test],
+    },
+    secp256k1: {
+      curve: secp256k1,
+      tests: [ecdh_secp256k1_test],
+    },
+    p384: {
+      curve: p384,
+      tests: [ecdh_secp384r1_test],
+    },
+    p521: {
+      curve: p521,
+      tests: [ecdh_secp521r1_test],
+    },
+  };
+
+  for (const name in WYCHEPROOF_ECDH) {
+    const { curve, tests } = WYCHEPROOF_ECDH[name];
+    for (let i = 0; i < tests.length; i++) {
+      const curveTests = tests[i];
+      for (let j = 0; j < curveTests.testGroups.length; j++) {
+        const group = curveTests.testGroups[j];
+        should(`additional ${name} (${group.tests.length})`, () => {
+          for (const test of group.tests) {
+            verifyECDHVector(test, curve);
           }
         });
       }
@@ -164,8 +185,8 @@ describe('wycheproof ECDH', () => {
 });
 
 const WYCHEPROOF_ECDSA = {
-  P224: {
+  p224: {
-    curve: P224,
+    curve: p224,
     hashes: {
       sha224: {
         hash: sha224,
@@ -191,6 +212,10 @@ const WYCHEPROOF_ECDSA = {
         hash: sha512,
         tests: [secp224r1_sha512_test],
       },
+      shake128: {
+        hash: shake128_224,
+        tests: [secp224r1_shake128_test],
+      },
     },
   },
   secp256k1: {
@@ -198,7 +223,7 @@ const WYCHEPROOF_ECDSA = {
     hashes: {
       sha256: {
         hash: sha256,
-        tests: [secp256k1_sha256_test],
+        tests: [secp256k1_sha256_test, secp256k1_sha256_bitcoin_test],
       },
       sha3_256: {
         hash: sha3_256,
@@ -212,10 +237,18 @@ const WYCHEPROOF_ECDSA = {
         hash: sha512,
         tests: [secp256k1_sha512_test],
       },
+      shake128: {
+        hash: shake128_256,
+        tests: [secp256k1_shake128_test],
+      },
+      shake256: {
+        hash: shake256_256,
+        tests: [secp256k1_shake256_test],
       },
     },
-  P256: {
+  },
-    curve: P256,
+  p256: {
+    curve: p256,
     hashes: {
       sha256: {
         hash: sha256,
@@ -233,10 +266,14 @@ const WYCHEPROOF_ECDSA = {
         hash: sha512,
         tests: [secp256r1_sha512_test],
       },
+      shake128: {
+        hash: shake128_256,
+        tests: [secp256r1_shake128_test],
       },
     },
-  P384: {
+  },
-    curve: P384,
+  p384: {
+    curve: p384,
     hashes: {
       sha384: {
         hash: sha384,
@@ -254,10 +291,14 @@ const WYCHEPROOF_ECDSA = {
         hash: sha512,
         tests: [secp384r1_sha512_test],
       },
+      shake256: {
+        hash: shake256_384,
+        tests: [secp384r1_shake256_test],
       },
     },
-  P521: {
+  },
-    curve: P521,
+  p521: {
+    curve: p521,
     hashes: {
       sha3_512: {
         hash: sha3_512,
@@ -267,19 +308,23 @@ const WYCHEPROOF_ECDSA = {
         hash: sha512,
         tests: [secp521r1_sha512_test],
       },
+      shake256: {
+        hash: shake256_512,
+        tests: [secp521r1_shake256_test],
+      },
     },
   },
 };
 
 function runWycheproof(name, CURVE, group, index) {
-  const pubKey = CURVE.ProjectivePoint.fromHex(group.key.uncompressed);
+  const key = group.publicKey;
-  deepStrictEqual(pubKey.x, BigInt(`0x${group.key.wx}`));
+  const pubKey = CURVE.ProjectivePoint.fromHex(key.uncompressed);
-  deepStrictEqual(pubKey.y, BigInt(`0x${group.key.wy}`));
+  deepStrictEqual(pubKey.x, BigInt(`0x${key.wx}`));
+  deepStrictEqual(pubKey.y, BigInt(`0x${key.wy}`));
   const pubR = pubKey.toRawBytes();
   for (const test of group.tests) {
     const m = CURVE.CURVE.hash(hexToBytes(test.msg));
     const { sig } = test;
-
     if (test.result === 'valid' || test.result === 'acceptable') {
       try {
         CURVE.Signature.fromDER(sig);
@@ -311,7 +356,6 @@ describe('wycheproof ECDSA', () => {
   should('generic', () => {
     for (const group of ecdsa.testGroups) {
       // Tested in secp256k1.test.js
-      if (group.key.curve === 'secp256k1') continue;
       let CURVE = NIST[group.key.curve];
       if (!CURVE) continue;
       if (group.key.curve === 'secp224r1' && group.sha !== 'SHA-224') {
@@ -324,6 +368,9 @@ describe('wycheproof ECDSA', () => {
         if (['Hash weaker than DL-group'].includes(test.comment)) {
           continue;
         }
+        // These old Wycheproof vectors which still accept missing zero, new one is not.
+        if (test.flags.includes('MissingZero') && test.result === 'acceptable')
+          test.result = 'invalid';
         const m = CURVE.CURVE.hash(hexToBytes(test.msg));
         if (test.result === 'valid' || test.result === 'acceptable') {
           try {
@@ -334,7 +381,12 @@ describe('wycheproof ECDSA', () => {
             throw e;
           }
           const verified = CURVE.verify(test.sig, m, pubKey.toHex());
-          deepStrictEqual(verified, true, 'valid');
+          if (group.key.curve === 'secp256k1') {
+            // lowS: true for secp256k1
+            deepStrictEqual(verified, !CURVE.Signature.fromDER(test.sig).hasHighS(), `valid`);
+          } else {
+            deepStrictEqual(verified, true, `valid`);
+          }
         } else if (test.result === 'invalid') {
           let failed = false;
           try {
@@ -389,6 +441,43 @@ describe('RFC6979', () => {
   }
 });
 
+should('properly add leading zero to DER', () => {
+  // Valid DER
+  deepStrictEqual(
+    DER.toSig(
+      '303c021c70049af31f8348673d56cece2b27e587a402f2a48f0b21a7911a480a021c2840bf24f6f66be287066b7cbf38788e1b7770b18fd1aa6a26d7c6dc'
+    ),
+    {
+      r: 11796871166002955884468185727465595477481802908758874298363724580874n,
+      s: 4239126896857047637966364941684493209162496401998708914961872570076n,
+    }
+  );
+  // Invalid DER (missing trailing zero)
+  throws(() =>
+    DER.toSig(
+      '303c021c70049af31f8348673d56cece2b27e587a402f2a48f0b21a7911a480a021cd7bf40db0909941d78f9948340c69e14c5417f8c840b7edb35846361'
+    )
+  );
+  // Correctly adds trailing zero
+  deepStrictEqual(
+    DER.hexFromSig({
+      r: 11796871166002955884468185727465595477481802908758874298363724580874n,
+      s: 22720819770293592156700650145335132731295311312425682806720849797985n,
+    }),
+    '303d021c70049af31f8348673d56cece2b27e587a402f2a48f0b21a7911a480a021d00d7bf40db0909941d78f9948340c69e14c5417f8c840b7edb35846361'
+  );
+});
+
+should('have proper GLV endomorphism logic in secp256k1', () => {
+  const Point = secp256k1.ProjectivePoint;
+  for (let item of endoVectors) {
+    const point = Point.fromAffine({ x: BigInt(item.ax), y: BigInt(item.ay) });
+    const c = point.multiplyUnsafe(BigInt(item.scalar)).toAffine();
+    deepStrictEqual(c.x, BigInt(item.cx));
+    deepStrictEqual(c.y, BigInt(item.cy));
+  }
+});
+
 // ESM is broken.
 import url from 'url';
 if (import.meta.url === url.pathToFileURL(process.argv[1]).href) {

test/poseidon.test.js

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import { deepStrictEqual, throws } from 'assert';
 import { should, describe } from 'micro-should';
-import * as poseidon from '../lib/esm/abstract/poseidon.js';
+import * as poseidon from '../esm/abstract/poseidon.js';
-import * as stark from '../lib/esm/stark.js';
+import * as stark from './_poseidon.helpers.js';
-import * as mod from '../lib/esm/abstract/modular.js';
+import * as mod from '../esm/abstract/modular.js';
 import { default as pvectors } from './vectors/poseidon.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 const { st1, st2, st3, st4 } = pvectors;
 
@@ -132,7 +132,9 @@ describe('Stark', () => {
 // Official vectors: https://extgit.iaik.tugraz.at/krypto/hadeshash/-/blob/master/code/test_vectors.txt
 
 should('poseidonperm_x5_255_3', () => {
-  const Fp = mod.Fp(BigInt('0x73eda753299d7d483339d80809a1d80553bda402fffe5bfeffffffff00000001'));
+  const Fp = mod.Field(
+    BigInt('0x73eda753299d7d483339d80809a1d80553bda402fffe5bfeffffffff00000001')
+  );
 
   const mds = [
     [
@@ -161,6 +163,7 @@ should('poseidonperm_x5_255_3', () => {
     t,
     roundsFull: 8,
     roundsPartial: 57,
+    sboxPower: 5,
     mds,
     roundConstants,
   });
@@ -179,7 +182,7 @@ should('poseidonperm_x5_255_3', () => {
 });
 
 should('poseidonperm_x5_255_5', () => {
-  const Fp = mod.Fp(0x73eda753299d7d483339d80809a1d80553bda402fffe5bfeffffffff00000001n);
+  const Fp = mod.Field(0x73eda753299d7d483339d80809a1d80553bda402fffe5bfeffffffff00000001n);
   const t = 5;
 
   const mds = [
@@ -227,6 +230,7 @@ should('poseidonperm_x5_255_5', () => {
     t,
     roundsFull: 8,
     roundsPartial: 60,
+    sboxPower: 5,
     mds,
     roundConstants,
   });
@@ -250,7 +254,7 @@ should('poseidonperm_x5_255_5', () => {
 });
 
 should('poseidonperm_x5_254_3', () => {
-  const Fp = mod.Fp(0x30644e72e131a029b85045b68181585d2833e84879b9709143e1f593f0000001n);
+  const Fp = mod.Field(0x30644e72e131a029b85045b68181585d2833e84879b9709143e1f593f0000001n);
   const t = 3;
 
   const mds = [
@@ -278,6 +282,7 @@ should('poseidonperm_x5_254_3', () => {
     t,
     roundsFull: 8,
     roundsPartial: 57,
+    sboxPower: 5,
     mds,
     roundConstants,
   });
@@ -297,7 +302,7 @@ should('poseidonperm_x5_254_3', () => {
 });
 
 should('poseidonperm_x5_254_5', () => {
-  const Fp = mod.Fp(0x30644e72e131a029b85045b68181585d2833e84879b9709143e1f593f0000001n);
+  const Fp = mod.Field(0x30644e72e131a029b85045b68181585d2833e84879b9709143e1f593f0000001n);
   const t = 5;
 
   const mds = [
@@ -345,6 +350,7 @@ should('poseidonperm_x5_254_5', () => {
     t,
     roundsFull: 8,
     roundsPartial: 60,
+    sboxPower: 5,
     mds,
     roundConstants,
   });

test/secp256k1-schnorr.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import { deepStrictEqual, throws } from 'assert';
+import { readFileSync } from 'fs';
+import { should, describe } from 'micro-should';
+import { bytesToHex as hex } from '@noble/hashes/utils';
+import { schnorr } from '../esm/secp256k1.js';
+const schCsv = readFileSync('./test/vectors/secp256k1/schnorr.csv', 'utf-8');
+
+describe('schnorr.sign()', () => {
+  // index,secret key,public key,aux_rand,message,signature,verification result,comment
+  const vectors = schCsv
+    .split('\n')
+    .map((line) => line.split(','))
+    .slice(1, -1);
+  for (let vec of vectors) {
+    const [index, sec, pub, rnd, msg, expSig, passes, comment] = vec;
+    should(`${comment || 'vector ' + index}`, () => {
+      if (sec) {
+        deepStrictEqual(hex(schnorr.getPublicKey(sec)), pub.toLowerCase());
+        const sig = schnorr.sign(msg, sec, rnd);
+        deepStrictEqual(hex(sig), expSig.toLowerCase());
+        deepStrictEqual(schnorr.verify(sig, msg, pub), true);
+      } else {
+        const passed = schnorr.verify(expSig, msg, pub);
+        deepStrictEqual(passed, passes === 'TRUE');
+      }
+    });
+  }
+});
+
+// ESM is broken.
+import url from 'url';
+if (import.meta.url === url.pathToFileURL(process.argv[1]).href) {
+  should.run();
+}

test/secp256k1.helpers.js

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// @ts-ignore
+export { secp256k1 as secp } from '../esm/secp256k1.js';
+import { secp256k1 as _secp } from '../esm/secp256k1.js';
+export { bytesToNumberBE, numberToBytesBE } from '../esm/abstract/utils.js';
+export { mod } from '../esm/abstract/modular.js';
+export const sigFromDER = (der) => {
+  return _secp.Signature.fromDER(der);
+};
+export const sigToDER = (sig) => sig.toDERHex();
+export const selectHash = (secp) => secp.CURVE.hash;
+export const normVerifySig = (s) => _secp.Signature.fromDER(s);

test/secp256k1.test.js

@@ -1,22 +1,24 @@
-import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { hexToBytes, bytesToHex as hex } from '@noble/hashes/utils';
-import { secp256k1, schnorr } from '../lib/esm/secp256k1.js';
-import { Fp } from '../lib/esm/abstract/modular.js';
-import { bytesToNumberBE, ensureBytes, numberToBytesBE } from '../lib/esm/abstract/utils.js';
-import { readFileSync } from 'fs';
-import { default as ecdsa } from './vectors/ecdsa.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-import { default as ecdh } from './vectors/ecdh.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-import { default as privates } from './vectors/privates.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-import { default as points } from './vectors/points.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-import { default as wp } from './vectors/wychenproof.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-import { should, describe } from 'micro-should';
 import { deepStrictEqual, throws } from 'assert';
-import { hexToBytes, bytesToHex } from '@noble/hashes/utils';
+import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { readFileSync } from 'fs';
+import { should, describe } from 'micro-should';
+// prettier-ignore
+import {
+  secp, sigFromDER, sigToDER, selectHash, normVerifySig, mod, bytesToNumberBE, numberToBytesBE
+} from './secp256k1.helpers.js';
+
+import { default as ecdsa } from './vectors/secp256k1/ecdsa.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as ecdh } from './wycheproof/ecdh_secp256k1_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as privates } from './vectors/secp256k1/privates.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as points } from './vectors/secp256k1/points.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as wp } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_secp256k1_sha256_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+
+// Any changes to the file will need to be aware of the fact
+// the file is shared between noble-curves and noble-secp256k1.
 
-const hex = bytesToHex;
-const secp = secp256k1;
 const Point = secp.ProjectivePoint;
-const privatesTxt = readFileSync('./test/vectors/privates-2.txt', 'utf-8');
+const privatesTxt = readFileSync('./test/vectors/secp256k1/privates-2.txt', 'utf-8');
-const schCsv = readFileSync('./test/vectors/schnorr.csv', 'utf-8');
 
 const FC_BIGINT = fc.bigInt(1n + 1n, secp.CURVE.n - 1n);
 // prettier-ignore
@@ -193,7 +195,7 @@ describe('secp256k1', () => {
       fc.assert(
         fc.property(FC_BIGINT, FC_BIGINT, (r, s) => {
           const sig = new secp.Signature(r, s);
-          deepStrictEqual(secp.Signature.fromDER(sig.toDERHex()), sig);
+          deepStrictEqual(sigFromDER(sigToDER(sig)), sig);
         })
       );
     });
@@ -241,9 +243,9 @@ describe('secp256k1', () => {
       );
       for (const [msg, exp] of CASES) {
         const res = secp.sign(msg, privKey, { extraEntropy: undefined });
-        deepStrictEqual(res.toDERHex(), exp);
+        deepStrictEqual(sigToDER(res), exp);
-        const rs = secp.Signature.fromDER(res.toDERHex()).toCompactHex();
+        const rs = sigFromDER(sigToDER(res)).toCompactHex();
-        deepStrictEqual(secp.Signature.fromCompact(rs).toDERHex(), exp);
+        deepStrictEqual(sigToDER(secp.Signature.fromCompact(rs)), exp);
       }
     });
     should('handle {extraData} option', () => {
@@ -266,6 +268,33 @@ describe('secp256k1', () => {
         deepStrictEqual(sign(ent5), e.extraEntropyMax);
       }
     });
+
+    should('handle one byte {extraData}', () => {
+      const extraEntropy = '01';
+      const privKey = hexToBytes(
+        '0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101'
+      );
+      const msg = 'd1a9dc8ed4e46a6a3e5e594615ca351d7d7ef44df1e4c94c1802f3592183794b';
+      const res = secp.sign(msg, privKey, { extraEntropy }).toCompactHex();
+      deepStrictEqual(
+        res,
+        'a250ec23a54bfdecf0e924cbf484077c5044410f915cdba86731cb2e4e925aaa5b1e4e3553d88be2c48a9a0d8d849ce2cc5720d25b2f97473e02f2550abe9545'
+      );
+    });
+
+    should('handle 48 bytes {extraData}', () => {
+      const extraEntropy =
+        '000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000001';
+      const privKey = hexToBytes(
+        '0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101'
+      );
+      const msg = 'd1a9dc8ed4e46a6a3e5e594615ca351d7d7ef44df1e4c94c1802f3592183794b';
+      const res = secp.sign(msg, privKey, { extraEntropy }).toCompactHex();
+      deepStrictEqual(
+        res,
+        '2bdf40f42ac0e42ee12750d03bb12b75306dae58eb3c961c5a80d78efae93e595295b66e8eb28f1eb046bb129a976340312159ec0c20b97342667572e4a8379a'
+      );
+    });
   });
 
   describe('verify()', () => {
@@ -342,7 +371,7 @@ describe('secp256k1', () => {
       const s = 115792089237316195423570985008687907852837564279074904382605163141518161494334n;
       const pub = new Point(x, y, 1n).toRawBytes();
       const sig = new secp.Signature(r, s);
-      deepStrictEqual(secp.verify(sig, msg, pub, { strict: false }), true);
+      deepStrictEqual(secp.verify(sig, msg, pub, { lowS: false }), true);
     });
     should('not verify invalid deterministic signatures with RFC 6979', () => {
       for (const vector of ecdsa.invalid.verify) {
@@ -351,29 +380,6 @@ describe('secp256k1', () => {
       }
     });
   });
-
-  describe('schnorr.sign()', () => {
-    // index,secret key,public key,aux_rand,message,signature,verification result,comment
-    const vectors = schCsv
-      .split('\n')
-      .map((line) => line.split(','))
-      .slice(1, -1);
-    for (let vec of vectors) {
-      const [index, sec, pub, rnd, msg, expSig, passes, comment] = vec;
-      should(`${comment || 'vector ' + index}`, () => {
-        if (sec) {
-          deepStrictEqual(hex(schnorr.getPublicKey(sec)), pub.toLowerCase());
-          const sig = schnorr.sign(msg, sec, rnd);
-          deepStrictEqual(hex(sig), expSig.toLowerCase());
-          deepStrictEqual(schnorr.verify(sig, msg, pub), true);
-        } else {
-          const passed = schnorr.verify(expSig, msg, pub);
-          deepStrictEqual(passed, passes === 'TRUE');
-        }
-      });
-    }
-  });
-
   describe('recoverPublicKey()', () => {
     should('recover public key from recovery bit', () => {
       const message = '00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000deadbeef';
@@ -404,7 +410,7 @@ describe('secp256k1', () => {
     should('handle RFC 6979 vectors', () => {
       for (const vector of ecdsa.valid) {
         let usig = secp.sign(vector.m, vector.d);
-        let sig = usig.toDERHex();
+        let sig = sigToDER(usig);
         const vpub = secp.getPublicKey(vector.d);
         const recovered = usig.recoverPublicKey(vector.m);
         deepStrictEqual(recovered.toHex(), hex(vpub));
@@ -459,24 +465,25 @@ describe('secp256k1', () => {
   });
 
   describe('tweak utilities (legacy)', () => {
-    const Fn = Fp(secp.CURVE.n);
+    const normal = secp.utils.normPrivateKeyToScalar;
-    const normal = secp.utils._normalizePrivateKey;
     const tweakUtils = {
       privateAdd: (privateKey, tweak) => {
-        return numberToBytesBE(Fn.add(normal(privateKey), normal(tweak)), 32);
+        return numberToBytesBE(mod(normal(privateKey) + normal(tweak), secp.CURVE.n), 32);
       },
 
       privateNegate: (privateKey) => {
-        return numberToBytesBE(Fn.neg(normal(privateKey)), 32);
+        return numberToBytesBE(mod(-normal(privateKey), secp.CURVE.n), 32);
       },
 
       pointAddScalar: (p, tweak, isCompressed) => {
-        // Will throw if tweaked point is at infinity
+        const tweaked = Point.fromHex(p).add(Point.fromPrivateKey(tweak));
-        return Point.fromHex(p).add(Point.fromPrivateKey(tweak)).toRawBytes(isCompressed);
+        if (tweaked.equals(Point.ZERO)) throw new Error('Tweaked point at infinity');
+        return tweaked.toRawBytes(isCompressed);
       },
 
       pointMultiply: (p, tweak, isCompressed) => {
-        const t = bytesToNumberBE(ensureBytes(tweak));
+        if (typeof tweak === 'string') tweak = hexToBytes(tweak);
+        const t = bytesToNumberBE(tweak);
         return Point.fromHex(p).multiply(t).toRawBytes(isCompressed);
       },
     };
@@ -484,20 +491,20 @@ describe('secp256k1', () => {
     should('privateAdd()', () => {
       for (const vector of privates.valid.add) {
         const { a, b, expected } = vector;
-        deepStrictEqual(bytesToHex(tweakUtils.privateAdd(a, b)), expected);
+        deepStrictEqual(hex(tweakUtils.privateAdd(a, b)), expected);
       }
     });
     should('privateNegate()', () => {
       for (const vector of privates.valid.negate) {
         const { a, expected } = vector;
-        deepStrictEqual(bytesToHex(tweakUtils.privateNegate(a)), expected);
+        deepStrictEqual(hex(tweakUtils.privateNegate(a)), expected);
       }
     });
     should('pointAddScalar()', () => {
       for (const vector of points.valid.pointAddScalar) {
         const { description, P, d, expected } = vector;
         const compressed = !!expected && expected.length === 66; // compressed === 33 bytes
-        deepStrictEqual(bytesToHex(tweakUtils.pointAddScalar(P, d, compressed)), expected);
+        deepStrictEqual(hex(tweakUtils.pointAddScalar(P, d, compressed)), expected);
       }
     });
     should('pointAddScalar() invalid', () => {
@@ -509,7 +516,7 @@ describe('secp256k1', () => {
     should('pointMultiply()', () => {
       for (const vector of points.valid.pointMultiply) {
         const { P, d, expected } = vector;
-        deepStrictEqual(bytesToHex(tweakUtils.pointMultiply(P, d, true)), expected);
+        deepStrictEqual(hex(tweakUtils.pointMultiply(P, d, true)), expected);
       }
     });
     should('pointMultiply() invalid', () => {
@@ -523,12 +530,24 @@ describe('secp256k1', () => {
   should('wycheproof vectors', () => {
     for (let group of wp.testGroups) {
       // const pubKey = Point.fromHex().toRawBytes();
-      const pubKey = group.key.uncompressed;
+      const key = group.publicKey;
+      const pubKey = key.uncompressed;
+
       for (let test of group.tests) {
-        const m = secp.CURVE.hash(hexToBytes(test.msg));
+        const h = selectHash(secp);
+
+        const m = h(hexToBytes(test.msg));
         if (test.result === 'valid' || test.result === 'acceptable') {
-          const verified = secp.verify(test.sig, m, pubKey);
+          let sig;
-          if (secp.Signature.fromDER(test.sig).hasHighS()) {
+          try {
+            sig = sigFromDER(test.sig);
+          } catch (e) {
+            // These old Wycheproof vectors which allows invalid behaviour of DER parser
+            if (e.message === 'Invalid signature integer: negative') continue;
+            throw e;
+          }
+          const verified = secp.verify(normVerifySig(test.sig), m, pubKey);
+          if (sig.hasHighS()) {
             deepStrictEqual(verified, false);
           } else {
             deepStrictEqual(verified, true);

test/stark/basic.test.js

@@ -1,201 +0,0 @@
-import { deepStrictEqual, throws } from 'assert';
-import { describe, should } from 'micro-should';
-import * as starknet from '../../lib/esm/stark.js';
-import { default as issue2 } from './fixtures/issue2.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-import * as bip32 from '@scure/bip32';
-import * as bip39 from '@scure/bip39';
-
-describe('starknet basic', () => {
-  should('Basic elliptic sanity check', () => {
-    const g1 = starknet.ProjectivePoint.BASE;
-    deepStrictEqual(
-      g1.toAffine().x.toString(16),
-      '1ef15c18599971b7beced415a40f0c7deacfd9b0d1819e03d723d8bc943cfca'
-    );
-    deepStrictEqual(
-      g1.toAffine().y.toString(16),
-      '5668060aa49730b7be4801df46ec62de53ecd11abe43a32873000c36e8dc1f'
-    );
-    const g2 = g1.double();
-    deepStrictEqual(
-      g2.toAffine().x.toString(16),
-      '759ca09377679ecd535a81e83039658bf40959283187c654c5416f439403cf5'
-    );
-    deepStrictEqual(
-      g2.toAffine().y.toString(16),
-      '6f524a3400e7708d5c01a28598ad272e7455aa88778b19f93b562d7a9646c41'
-    );
-    const g3 = g2.add(g1);
-    deepStrictEqual(
-      g3.toAffine().x.toString(16),
-      '411494b501a98abd8262b0da1351e17899a0c4ef23dd2f96fec5ba847310b20'
-    );
-    deepStrictEqual(
-      g3.toAffine().y.toString(16),
-      '7e1b3ebac08924d2c26f409549191fcf94f3bf6f301ed3553e22dfb802f0686'
-    );
-    const g32 = g1.multiply(3n);
-    deepStrictEqual(
-      g32.toAffine().x.toString(16),
-      '411494b501a98abd8262b0da1351e17899a0c4ef23dd2f96fec5ba847310b20'
-    );
-    deepStrictEqual(
-      g32.toAffine().y.toString(16),
-      '7e1b3ebac08924d2c26f409549191fcf94f3bf6f301ed3553e22dfb802f0686'
-    );
-    const minus1 = g1.multiply(starknet.CURVE.n - 1n);
-    deepStrictEqual(
-      minus1.toAffine().x.toString(16),
-      '1ef15c18599971b7beced415a40f0c7deacfd9b0d1819e03d723d8bc943cfca'
-    );
-    deepStrictEqual(
-      minus1.toAffine().y.toString(16),
-      '7a997f9f55b68e04841b7fe20b9139d21ac132ee541bc5cd78cfff3c91723e2'
-    );
-  });
-
-  should('Pedersen', () => {
-    deepStrictEqual(
-      starknet.pedersen(2, 3),
-      '0x5774fa77b3d843ae9167abd61cf80365a9b2b02218fc2f628494b5bdc9b33b8'
-    );
-    deepStrictEqual(
-      starknet.pedersen(1, 2),
-      '0x5bb9440e27889a364bcb678b1f679ecd1347acdedcbf36e83494f857cc58026'
-    );
-    deepStrictEqual(
-      starknet.pedersen(3, 4),
-      '0x262697b88544f733e5c6907c3e1763131e9f14c51ee7951258abbfb29415fbf'
-    );
-  });
-
-  should('Hash chain', () => {
-    deepStrictEqual(
-      starknet.hashChain([1, 2, 3]),
-      '0x5d9d62d4040b977c3f8d2389d494e4e89a96a8b45c44b1368f1cc6ec5418915'
-    );
-  });
-
-  should('Pedersen hash edgecases', () => {
-    // >>> pedersen_hash(0,0)
-    const zero = '0x49ee3eba8c1600700ee1b87eb599f16716b0b1022947733551fde4050ca6804';
-    deepStrictEqual(starknet.pedersen(0, 0), zero);
-    deepStrictEqual(starknet.pedersen(0n, 0n), zero);
-    deepStrictEqual(starknet.pedersen('0', '0'), zero);
-    deepStrictEqual(starknet.pedersen('0x0', '0x0'), zero);
-    // >>> pedersen_hash(3618502788666131213697322783095070105623107215331596699973092056135872020475,3618502788666131213697322783095070105623107215331596699973092056135872020475)
-    // 3226051580231087455100099637526672350308978851161639703631919449959447036451
-    const big = 3618502788666131213697322783095070105623107215331596699973092056135872020475n;
-    const bigExp = '0x721e167a36655994e88efa865e2ed8a0488d36db4d988fec043cda755728223';
-    deepStrictEqual(starknet.pedersen(big, big), bigExp);
-    // >= FIELD
-    const big2 = 36185027886661312136973227830950701056231072153315966999730920561358720204751n;
-    throws(() => starknet.pedersen(big2, big2), 'big2');
-
-    // FIELD -1
-    const big3 = 3618502788666131213697322783095070105623107215331596699973092056135872020480n;
-    const big3exp = '0x7258fccaf3371fad51b117471d9d888a1786c5694c3e6099160477b593a576e';
-    deepStrictEqual(starknet.pedersen(big3, big3), big3exp, 'big3');
-    // FIELD
-    const big4 = 3618502788666131213697322783095070105623107215331596699973092056135872020481n;
-    throws(() => starknet.pedersen(big4, big4), 'big4');
-    throws(() => starknet.pedersen(-1, -1), 'neg');
-    throws(() => starknet.pedersen(false, false), 'false');
-    throws(() => starknet.pedersen(true, true), 'true');
-    throws(() => starknet.pedersen(10.1, 10.1), 'float');
-  });
-
-  should('hashChain edgecases', () => {
-    deepStrictEqual(starknet.hashChain([32312321312321312312312321n]), '0x1aba6672c014b4838cc201');
-    deepStrictEqual(
-      starknet.hashChain([1n, 2n]),
-      '0x5bb9440e27889a364bcb678b1f679ecd1347acdedcbf36e83494f857cc58026'
-    );
-    deepStrictEqual(
-      starknet.hashChain([1, 2]),
-      '0x5bb9440e27889a364bcb678b1f679ecd1347acdedcbf36e83494f857cc58026'
-    );
-    throws(() => starknet.hashChain([]));
-    throws(() => starknet.hashChain('123'));
-    deepStrictEqual(
-      starknet.hashChain([1, 2]),
-      '0x5bb9440e27889a364bcb678b1f679ecd1347acdedcbf36e83494f857cc58026'
-    );
-  });
-
-  should('Pedersen hash, issue #2', () => {
-    // Verified with starnet.js
-    deepStrictEqual(
-      starknet.computeHashOnElements(issue2),
-      '0x22064462ea33a6ce5272a295e0f551c5da3834f80d8444e7a4df68190b1bc42'
-    );
-    deepStrictEqual(
-      starknet.computeHashOnElements([]),
-      '0x49ee3eba8c1600700ee1b87eb599f16716b0b1022947733551fde4050ca6804'
-    );
-    deepStrictEqual(
-      starknet.computeHashOnElements([1]),
-      '0x78d74f61aeaa8286418fd34b3a12a610445eba11d00ecc82ecac2542d55f7a4'
-    );
-  });
-
-
-  should('Seed derivation (example)', () => {
-    const layer = 'starkex';
-    const application = 'starkdeployement';
-    const mnemonic =
-      'range mountain blast problem vibrant void vivid doctor cluster enough melody ' +
-      'salt layer language laptop boat major space monkey unit glimpse pause change vibrant';
-    const ethAddress = '0xa4864d977b944315389d1765ffa7e66F74ee8cd7';
-    const hdKey = bip32.HDKey.fromMasterSeed(bip39.mnemonicToSeedSync(mnemonic)).derive(
-      starknet.getAccountPath(layer, application, ethAddress, 0)
-    );
-    deepStrictEqual(
-      starknet.grindKey(hdKey.privateKey),
-      '6cf0a8bf113352eb863157a45c5e5567abb34f8d32cddafd2c22aa803f4892c'
-    );
-  });
-
-  should('Compressed keys', () => {
-    const G = starknet.ProjectivePoint.BASE;
-    const half = starknet.CURVE.n / 2n;
-    const last = starknet.CURVE.n;
-    const vectors = [
-      1n,
-      2n,
-      3n,
-      4n,
-      5n,
-      half - 5n,
-      half - 4n,
-      half - 3n,
-      half - 2n,
-      half - 1n,
-      half,
-      half + 1n,
-      half + 2n,
-      half + 3n,
-      half + 4n,
-      half + 5n,
-      last - 5n,
-      last - 4n,
-      last - 3n,
-      last - 2n,
-      last - 1n,
-    ].map((i) => G.multiply(i));
-    const fixPoint = (pt) => pt.toAffine();
-    for (const v of vectors) {
-      const uncompressed = v.toHex();
-      const compressed = v.toHex(true);
-      const exp = fixPoint(v);
-      deepStrictEqual(fixPoint(starknet.ProjectivePoint.fromHex(uncompressed)), exp);
-      deepStrictEqual(fixPoint(starknet.ProjectivePoint.fromHex(compressed)), exp);
-      deepStrictEqual(starknet.ProjectivePoint.fromHex(compressed).toHex(), uncompressed);
-    }
-  });
-});
-// ESM is broken.
-import url from 'url';
-if (import.meta.url === url.pathToFileURL(process.argv[1]).href) {
-  should.run();
-}

test/stark/benchmark/index.js

@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-import * as microStark from '../../../lib/esm/stark.js';
-import * as starkwareCrypto from '@starkware-industries/starkware-crypto-utils';
-import * as bench from 'micro-bmark';
-const { run, mark } = bench; // or bench.mark
-
-const privateKey = '2dccce1da22003777062ee0870e9881b460a8b7eca276870f57c601f182136c';
-const msgHash = 'c465dd6b1bbffdb05442eb17f5ca38ad1aa78a6f56bf4415bdee219114a47';
-const keyPair = starkwareCrypto.default.ec.keyFromPrivate(privateKey, 'hex');
-const publicKeyStark = starkwareCrypto.default.ec.keyFromPublic(
-  keyPair.getPublic(true, 'hex'),
-  'hex'
-);
-const publicKeyMicro = microStark.getPublicKey(privateKey);
-
-const FNS = {
-  pedersenHash: {
-    samples: 250,
-    starkware: () =>
-      starkwareCrypto.default.pedersen([
-        '3d937c035c878245caf64531a5756109c53068da139362728feb561405371cb',
-        '208a0a10250e382e1e4bbe2880906c2791bf6275695e02fbbc6aeff9cd8b31a',
-      ]),
-    'micro-starknet': () =>
-      microStark.pedersen(
-        '3d937c035c878245caf64531a5756109c53068da139362728feb561405371cb',
-        '208a0a10250e382e1e4bbe2880906c2791bf6275695e02fbbc6aeff9cd8b31a'
-      ),
-  },
-  signVerify: {
-    samples: 500,
-    starkware: () =>
-      starkwareCrypto.default.verify(
-        publicKeyStark,
-        msgHash,
-        starkwareCrypto.default.sign(keyPair, msgHash)
-      ),
-    'micro-starknet': () =>
-      microStark.verify(microStark.sign(msgHash, privateKey), msgHash, publicKeyMicro),
-  },
-};
-
-const main = () =>
-  run(async () => {
-    for (let [k, libs] of Object.entries(FNS)) {
-      console.log(`==== ${k} ====`);
-      for (const [lib, fn] of Object.entries(libs)) {
-        if (lib === 'samples') continue;
-        let title = `${k} (${lib})`;
-        await mark(title, libs.samples, () => fn());
-      }
-      console.log();
-    }
-    // Log current RAM
-    bench.logMem();
-  });
-
-main();

test/stark/benchmark/package.json

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "name": "benchmark",
-    "private": true,
-    "version": "0.1.0",
-    "description": "benchmarks",
-    "main": "index.js",
-    "type": "module",
-    "scripts": {
-        "bench": "node index.js"
-    },
-    "keywords": [],
-    "author": "",
-    "license": "MIT",
-    "devDependencies": {
-        "@starkware-industries/starkware-crypto-utils": "^0.0.2",
-        "micro-bmark": "0.2.0",
-        "micro-should": "0.2.0"
-    }
-}