Build noble-curves for ES2015 for Tornado purposes

Fix montgomery sample code in README.md

.github/funding.yml

@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 github: paulmillr
-# custom: https://paulmillr.com/funding/

.github/workflows/nodejs.yml

@@ -1,17 +1,23 @@
-name: Node CI
+name: Run node.js tests
-
+on:
-on: [push, pull_request]
+  - push
+  - pull_request
 jobs:
   test:
-    name: v18 @ ubuntu-latest
+    name: v${{ matrix.node }} @ ubuntu-latest
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        node:
+          - 18
+          - 20
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1e31de5234b9f8995739874a8ce0492dc87873e2 # v4
-    - name: Use Node.js ${{ matrix.node }}
+      - name: Use Node.js ${{ matrix.node }}
-      uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+        uses: actions/setup-node@8f152de45cc393bb48ce5d89d36b731f54556e65 # v4
-      with:
+        with:
-        node-version: 18
+          node-version: ${{ matrix.node }}
-    - run: npm install
+      - run: npm install
-    - run: npm run build --if-present
+      - run: npm run build --if-present
-    - run: npm run lint --if-present
+      - run: npm test
-    - run: npm test
+      - run: npm run lint --if-present

.github/workflows/publish-npm.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+name: Publish package to npm
+on:
+  release:
+    types: [created]
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      id-token: write
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1e31de5234b9f8995739874a8ce0492dc87873e2 # v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@8f152de45cc393bb48ce5d89d36b731f54556e65 # v4
+        with:
+          node-version: 20
+          registry-url: 'https://registry.npmjs.org'
+          cache: npm
+      - run: npm install -g npm
+      - run: npm ci
+      - run: npm run build
+      - run: npm publish --provenance --access public
+        env:
+          NODE_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NPM_PUBLISH_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/upload-release.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+name: Upload standalone file to GitHub Releases
+on:
+  release:
+    types: [created]
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+      id-token: write
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1e31de5234b9f8995739874a8ce0492dc87873e2 # v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@8f152de45cc393bb48ce5d89d36b731f54556e65 # v4
+        with:
+          node-version: 20
+          registry-url: 'https://registry.npmjs.org'
+          cache: npm
+      - run: npm install -g npm
+      - run: npm ci
+      - run: npm run build
+      - run: |
+          cd build
+          npm ci
+          npm run build:release
+          cd ..
+      - run: gh release upload ${{ github.event.release.tag_name }} build/`npx jsbt outfile`
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}

.gitignore

@@ -1,13 +1,9 @@
-build/
+node_modules
-node_modules/
-coverage/
 /*.js
-/*.ts
-/*.js.map
-/*.d.ts.map
 /esm/*.js
-/esm/*.ts
+*.d.ts
-/esm/*.js.map
+*.d.ts.map
-/esm/*.d.ts.map
+*.js.map
-/esm/abstract
+/build
-/abstract/
+/abstract
+/esm/abstract

.prettierrc.json

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 {
   "printWidth": 100,
-  "singleQuote": true
+  "singleQuote": true,
+  "trailingComma": "es5"
 }

SECURITY.md

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # Security Policy
 
+See [README's Security section](./README.md#security) for detailed description of internal security practices.
+
 ## Supported Versions
 
 | Version | Supported          |

audit/README.md

@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 # Audit
 
-The library has been audited during Jan-Feb 2023 by an independent security firm [Trail of Bits](https://www.trailofbits.com):
+All audits of the library are described in [README's Security section](../README.md#security)
-[PDF](https://github.com/trailofbits/publications/blob/master/reviews/2023-01-ryanshea-noblecurveslibrary-securityreview.pdf).
-The audit has been funded by Ryan Shea. Audit scope was abstract modules `curve`, `hash-to-curve`, `modular`, `poseidon`, `utils`, `weierstrass`, and top-level modules `_shortw_utils` and `secp256k1`. See [changes since audit](https://github.com/paulmillr/noble-curves/compare/0.7.3..main).
 
-File in the directory was saved from
+`2023-01-trailofbits-audit-curves.pdf` file in the directory was saved from
 [github.com/trailofbits/publications](https://github.com/trailofbits/publications).
 Check out their repo and verify checksums to ensure the PDF in this directory has not been altered.
-
-See information about fuzzing in root [README](../README.md).

benchmark/bls.js

@@ -39,6 +39,21 @@ run(async () => {
   await mark('sign', 50, () => bls.sign('09', priv));
   await mark('verify', 50, () => bls.verify(sig, '09', pub));
   await mark('pairing', 100, () => bls.pairing(p1, p2));
+
+  const scalars1 = Array(4096).fill(0).map(i => 2n ** 235n - BigInt(i));
+  const scalars2 = Array(4096).fill(0).map(i => 2n ** 241n + BigInt(i));
+  const points = scalars1.map(s => bls.G1.ProjectivePoint.BASE.multiply(s));
+  await mark('MSM 4096 scalars x points', 1, () => {
+    // naive approach, not using multi-scalar-multiplication
+    let sum = bls.G1.ProjectivePoint.ZERO;
+    for (let i = 0; i < 4096; i++) {
+      const scalar = scalars2[i];
+      const G1 = points[i];
+      const mutliplied = G1.multiplyUnsafe(scalar);
+      sum = sum.add(mutliplied);
+    }
+  });
+
   await mark('aggregatePublicKeys/8', 100, () => bls.aggregatePublicKeys(pubs.slice(0, 8)));
   await mark('aggregatePublicKeys/32', 50, () => bls.aggregatePublicKeys(pub32));
   await mark('aggregatePublicKeys/128', 20, () => bls.aggregatePublicKeys(pub128));

benchmark/curves.js

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import { ed448 } from '../ed448.js';
 
 run(async () => {
   const RAM = false
-  for (let kv of Object.entries({ p256, p384, p521, ed25519, ed448 })) {
+  for (let kv of Object.entries({ ed25519, ed448, p256, p384, p521 })) {
     const [name, curve] = kv;
     console.log();
     console.log(`\x1b[36m${name}\x1b[0m`);

benchmark/decaf448.js

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import { run, mark, utils } from 'micro-bmark';
+import { shake256 } from '@noble/hashes/sha3';
+import * as mod from '../abstract/modular.js';
+import { ed448, DecafPoint } from '../ed448.js';
+
+run(async () => {
+  const RAM = false;
+  if (RAM) utils.logMem();
+  console.log(`\x1b[36mdecaf448\x1b[0m`);
+  const priv = mod.hashToPrivateScalar(shake256(ed448.utils.randomPrivateKey(), { dkLen: 112 }), ed448.CURVE.n);
+  const pub = DecafPoint.BASE.multiply(priv);
+  const encoded = pub.toRawBytes();
+  await mark('add', 1000000, () => pub.add(DecafPoint.BASE));
+  await mark('multiply', 1000, () => DecafPoint.BASE.multiply(priv));
+  await mark('encode', 10000, () => DecafPoint.BASE.toRawBytes());
+  await mark('decode', 10000, () => DecafPoint.fromHex(encoded));
+  if (RAM) utils.logMem();
+});

benchmark/hash-to-curve.js

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ import { hashToCurve as secp256k1 } from '../secp256k1.js';
 import { hashToCurve as p256 } from '../p256.js';
 import { hashToCurve as p384 } from '../p384.js';
 import { hashToCurve as p521 } from '../p521.js';
-import { hashToCurve as ed25519 } from '../ed25519.js';
+import { hashToCurve as ed25519, hash_to_ristretto255 } from '../ed25519.js';
-import { hashToCurve as ed448 } from '../ed448.js';
+import { hashToCurve as ed448, hash_to_decaf448 } from '../ed448.js';
 import { utf8ToBytes } from '../abstract/utils.js';
 
 const N = 0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffebaaedce6af48a03bbfd25e8cd0364141n;
@@ -26,4 +26,7 @@ run(async () => {
   for (let [title, fn] of Object.entries({ secp256k1, p256, p384, p521, ed25519, ed448 })) {
     await mark(`hashToCurve ${title}`, 1000, () => fn(msg));
   }
+
+  await mark('hash_to_ristretto255', 1000, () => hash_to_ristretto255(msg, { DST: 'ristretto255_XMD:SHA-512_R255MAP_RO_' }));
+  await mark('hash_to_decaf448', 1000, () => hash_to_decaf448(msg, { DST: 'decaf448_XOF:SHAKE256_D448MAP_RO_' }));
 });

benchmark/ristretto255.js

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import { run, mark, utils } from 'micro-bmark';
+import { sha512 } from '@noble/hashes/sha512';
+import * as mod from '../abstract/modular.js';
+import { ed25519, RistrettoPoint } from '../ed25519.js';
+
+run(async () => {
+  const RAM = false;
+  if (RAM) utils.logMem();
+  console.log(`\x1b[36mristretto255\x1b[0m`);
+  const priv = mod.hashToPrivateScalar(sha512(ed25519.utils.randomPrivateKey()), ed25519.CURVE.n);
+  const pub = RistrettoPoint.BASE.multiply(priv);
+  const encoded = pub.toRawBytes();
+  await mark('add', 1000000, () => pub.add(RistrettoPoint.BASE));
+  await mark('multiply', 10000, () => RistrettoPoint.BASE.multiply(priv));
+  await mark('encode', 10000, () => RistrettoPoint.BASE.toRawBytes());
+  await mark('decode', 10000, () => RistrettoPoint.fromHex(encoded));
+  if (RAM) utils.logMem();
+});

benchmark/utils.js

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import { hexToBytes } from '../abstract/utils.js';
+import { run, mark } from 'micro-bmark';
+
+run(async () => {
+  const hex32 = '0123456789abcdef'.repeat(4);
+  const hex256 = hex32.repeat(8);
+  await mark('hexToBytes 32b', 5000000, () => hexToBytes(hex32));
+  await mark('hexToBytes 256b', 500000, () => hexToBytes(hex256));
+});

build/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# build
+
+The directory is used to build a single file which contains everything.
+
+The single file uses iife wrapper and can be used in browsers as-is.
+
+Don't use it unless you can't use NPM/ESM, which support tree shaking.

build/input.js

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import { bytesToHex, concatBytes, hexToBytes, utf8ToBytes } from '@noble/curves/abstract/utils';
+
+export { secp256k1, schnorr as secp256k1_schnorr } from '@noble/curves/secp256k1';
+export {
+  ed25519,
+  x25519,
+  edwardsToMontgomeryPub as ed25519_edwardsToMontgomeryPub,
+  edwardsToMontgomeryPriv as ed25519_edwardsToMontgomeryPriv,
+} from '@noble/curves/ed25519';
+export {
+  ed448,
+  x448,
+  edwardsToMontgomeryPub as ed448_edwardsToMontgomeryPub,
+} from '@noble/curves/ed448';
+export { p256 } from '@noble/curves/p256';
+export { p384 } from '@noble/curves/p384';
+export { p521 } from '@noble/curves/p521';
+export { bls12_381 } from '@noble/curves/bls12-381';
+
+export const utils = { bytesToHex, concatBytes, hexToBytes, utf8ToBytes };

build/package-lock.json

@@ -0,0 +1,445 @@
+{
+  "name": "build",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "lockfileVersion": 3,
+  "requires": true,
+  "packages": {
+    "": {
+      "name": "build",
+      "version": "1.0.0",
+      "devDependencies": {
+        "@noble/curves": "file:..",
+        "esbuild": "0.20.1"
+      }
+    },
+    "..": {
+      "version": "1.4.0",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@noble/hashes": "1.4.0"
+      },
+      "devDependencies": {
+        "@paulmillr/jsbt": "0.1.0",
+        "fast-check": "3.0.0",
+        "micro-bmark": "0.3.1",
+        "micro-should": "0.4.0",
+        "prettier": "3.1.1",
+        "typescript": "5.3.2"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/aix-ppc64": {
+      "version": "0.20.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/aix-ppc64/-/aix-ppc64-0.20.1.tgz",
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+      "cpu": [
+        "ppc64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "aix"
+      ],
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+        "node": ">=12"
+      }
+    },
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+        "arm"
+      ],
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+      ],
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+      }
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+    },
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/linux-s390x/-/linux-s390x-0.20.1.tgz",
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+      "cpu": [
+        "s390x"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/linux-x64": {
+      "version": "0.20.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/linux-x64/-/linux-x64-0.20.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-5gRPk7pKuaIB+tmH+yKd2aQTRpqlf1E4f/mC+tawIm/CGJemZcHZpp2ic8oD83nKgUPMEd0fNanrnFljiruuyA==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/netbsd-x64": {
+      "version": "0.20.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/netbsd-x64/-/netbsd-x64-0.20.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-4fL68JdrLV2nVW2AaWZBv3XEm3Ae3NZn/7qy2KGAt3dexAgSVT+Hc97JKSZnqezgMlv9x6KV0ZkZY7UO5cNLCg==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "netbsd"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/openbsd-x64": {
+      "version": "0.20.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/openbsd-x64/-/openbsd-x64-0.20.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-GhRuXlvRE+twf2ES+8REbeCb/zeikNqwD3+6S5y5/x+DYbAQUNl0HNBs4RQJqrechS4v4MruEr8ZtAin/hK5iw==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "openbsd"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/sunos-x64": {
+      "version": "0.20.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/sunos-x64/-/sunos-x64-0.20.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-ZnWEyCM0G1Ex6JtsygvC3KUUrlDXqOihw8RicRuQAzw+c4f1D66YlPNNV3rkjVW90zXVsHwZYWbJh3v+oQFM9Q==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "sunos"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/win32-arm64": {
+      "version": "0.20.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/win32-arm64/-/win32-arm64-0.20.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-QZ6gXue0vVQY2Oon9WyLFCdSuYbXSoxaZrPuJ4c20j6ICedfsDilNPYfHLlMH7vGfU5DQR0czHLmJvH4Nzis/A==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "win32"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/win32-ia32": {
+      "version": "0.20.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/win32-ia32/-/win32-ia32-0.20.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-HzcJa1NcSWTAU0MJIxOho8JftNp9YALui3o+Ny7hCh0v5f90nprly1U3Sj1Ldj/CvKKdvvFsCRvDkpsEMp4DNw==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "ia32"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "win32"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/win32-x64": {
+      "version": "0.20.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/win32-x64/-/win32-x64-0.20.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-0MBh53o6XtI6ctDnRMeQ+xoCN8kD2qI1rY1KgF/xdWQwoFeKou7puvDfV8/Wv4Ctx2rRpET/gGdz3YlNtNACSA==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "win32"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@noble/curves": {
+      "resolved": "..",
+      "link": true
+    },
+    "node_modules/esbuild": {
+      "version": "0.20.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/esbuild/-/esbuild-0.20.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-OJwEgrpWm/PCMsLVWXKqvcjme3bHNpOgN7Tb6cQnR5n0TPbQx1/Xrn7rqM+wn17bYeT6MGB5sn1Bh5YiGi70nA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "hasInstallScript": true,
+      "bin": {
+        "esbuild": "bin/esbuild"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12"
+      },
+      "optionalDependencies": {
+        "@esbuild/aix-ppc64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/android-arm": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/android-arm64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/android-x64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/darwin-arm64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/darwin-x64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/freebsd-arm64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/freebsd-x64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/linux-arm": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/linux-arm64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/linux-ia32": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/linux-loong64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/linux-mips64el": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/linux-ppc64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/linux-riscv64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/linux-s390x": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/linux-x64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/netbsd-x64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/openbsd-x64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/sunos-x64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/win32-arm64": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/win32-ia32": "0.20.1",
+        "@esbuild/win32-x64": "0.20.1"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

build/package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+  "name": "build",
+  "private": true,
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "main": "input.js",
+  "type": "module",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@noble/curves": "file:..",
+    "esbuild": "0.20.1"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "build:release": "npx esbuild --bundle input.js --outfile=`npx jsbt outfile` --global-name=`npx jsbt global`"
+  }
+}

esm/package.json

@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
 {
   "type": "module",
-  "browser": {
+  "sideEffects": false
-    "crypto": false,
-    "./crypto": "./esm/crypto.js"
-  }
 }

package-lock.json

@@ -1,40 +1,47 @@
 {
-  "name": "@noble/curves",
+  "name": "@tornado/noble-curves",
-  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "version": "1.4.0",
   "lockfileVersion": 3,
   "requires": true,
   "packages": {
     "": {
-      "name": "@noble/curves",
+      "name": "@tornado/noble-curves",
-      "version": "1.0.0",
+      "version": "1.4.0",
-      "funding": [
-        {
-          "type": "individual",
-          "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
-        }
-      ],
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@noble/hashes": "1.3.0"
+        "@noble/hashes": "1.4.0"
       },
       "devDependencies": {
+        "@paulmillr/jsbt": "0.1.0",
         "fast-check": "3.0.0",
         "micro-bmark": "0.3.1",
         "micro-should": "0.4.0",
-        "prettier": "2.8.4",
+        "prettier": "3.1.1",
-        "typescript": "5.0.2"
+        "typescript": "5.3.2"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@noble/hashes": {
-      "version": "1.3.0",
+      "version": "1.4.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@noble/hashes/-/hashes-1.3.0.tgz",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@noble/hashes/-/hashes-1.4.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-ilHEACi9DwqJB0pw7kv+Apvh50jiiSyR/cQ3y4W7lOR5mhvn/50FLUfsnfJz0BDZtl/RR16kXvptiv6q1msYZg==",
+      "integrity": "sha512-V1JJ1WTRUqHHrOSh597hURcMqVKVGL/ea3kv0gSnEdsEZ0/+VyPghM1lMNGc00z7CIQorSvbKpuJkxvuHbvdbg==",
-      "funding": [
+      "engines": {
-        {
+        "node": ">= 16"
-          "type": "individual",
+      },
-          "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
+      "funding": {
-        }
+        "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
-      ]
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@paulmillr/jsbt": {
+      "version": "0.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@paulmillr/jsbt/-/jsbt-0.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-TdowoHD36hkZARv6LW4jenkVTdK2vP0sy4ZM8E9MxaqAAIRdwmn3RlB+zWkEHi4hKTgLqMGkURfNkFtt0STX2Q==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "bin": {
+        "jsbt": "jsbt.js"
+      }
     },
     "node_modules/fast-check": {
       "version": "3.0.0",
@@ -65,15 +72,15 @@
       "dev": true
     },
     "node_modules/prettier": {
-      "version": "2.8.4",
+      "version": "3.1.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/prettier/-/prettier-2.8.4.tgz",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/prettier/-/prettier-3.1.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-vIS4Rlc2FNh0BySk3Wkd6xmwxB0FpOndW5fisM5H8hsZSxU2VWVB5CWIkIjWvrHjIhxk2g3bfMKM87zNTrZddw==",
+      "integrity": "sha512-22UbSzg8luF4UuZtzgiUOfcGM8s4tjBv6dJRT7j275NXsy2jb4aJa4NNveul5x4eqlF1wuhuR2RElK71RvmVaw==",
       "dev": true,
       "bin": {
-        "prettier": "bin-prettier.js"
+        "prettier": "bin/prettier.cjs"
       },
       "engines": {
-        "node": ">=10.13.0"
+        "node": ">=14"
       },
       "funding": {
         "url": "https://github.com/prettier/prettier?sponsor=1"
@@ -96,16 +103,16 @@
       ]
     },
     "node_modules/typescript": {
-      "version": "5.0.2",
+      "version": "5.3.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typescript/-/typescript-5.0.2.tgz",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typescript/-/typescript-5.3.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-wVORMBGO/FAs/++blGNeAVdbNKtIh1rbBL2EyQ1+J9lClJ93KiiKe8PmFIVdXhHcyv44SL9oglmfeSsndo0jRw==",
+      "integrity": "sha512-6l+RyNy7oAHDfxC4FzSJcz9vnjTKxrLpDG5M2Vu4SHRVNg6xzqZp6LYSR9zjqQTu8DU/f5xwxUdADOkbrIX2gQ==",
       "dev": true,
       "bin": {
         "tsc": "bin/tsc",
         "tsserver": "bin/tsserver"
       },
       "engines": {
-        "node": ">=12.20"
+        "node": ">=14.17"
       }
     }
   }

package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
-  "name": "@noble/curves",
+  "name": "@tornado/noble-curves",
-  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "version": "1.4.0",
   "description": "Audited & minimal JS implementation of elliptic curve cryptography",
   "files": [
     "abstract",
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@
     "*.d.ts.map"
   ],
   "scripts": {
-    "bench": "cd benchmark; node secp256k1.js; node curves.js; node ecdh.js; node hash-to-curve.js; node modular.js; node bls.js",
+    "bench": "cd benchmark; node secp256k1.js; node curves.js; node ecdh.js; node hash-to-curve.js; node modular.js; node bls.js; node ristretto255.js; node decaf448.js",
     "build": "tsc && tsc -p tsconfig.esm.json",
-    "build:release": "rollup -c rollup.config.js",
+    "build:release": "cd build && npm i && npm run build",
     "build:clean": "rm *.{js,d.ts,d.ts.map,js.map} esm/*.{js,d.ts,d.ts.map,js.map} 2> /dev/null",
     "lint": "prettier --check 'src/**/*.{js,ts}' 'test/*.js'",
     "format": "prettier --write 'src/**/*.{js,ts}' 'test/*.js'",
@@ -24,19 +24,21 @@
   "homepage": "https://paulmillr.com/noble/",
   "repository": {
     "type": "git",
-    "url": "https://github.com/paulmillr/noble-curves.git"
+    "url": "https://git.tornado.ws/tornado-packages/noble-curvest"
   },
   "license": "MIT",
   "dependencies": {
-    "@noble/hashes": "1.3.0"
+    "@noble/hashes": "1.4.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
+    "@paulmillr/jsbt": "0.1.0",
     "fast-check": "3.0.0",
     "micro-bmark": "0.3.1",
     "micro-should": "0.4.0",
-    "prettier": "2.8.4",
+    "prettier": "3.1.1",
-    "typescript": "5.0.2"
+    "typescript": "5.3.2"
   },
+  "sideEffects": false,
   "main": "index.js",
   "exports": {
     ".": {
@@ -164,6 +166,8 @@
     "secp256k1",
     "ed25519",
     "ed448",
+    "x25519",
+    "ed25519",
     "bls12-381",
     "bn254",
     "pasta",
@@ -174,10 +178,5 @@
     "eddsa",
     "schnorr"
   ],
-  "funding": [
+  "funding": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
-    {
+}
-      "type": "individual",
-      "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
-    }
-  ]
-}

src/abstract/bls.ts

@@ -12,9 +12,13 @@
  * Some projects may prefer to swap this relation, it is not supported for now.
  */
 import { AffinePoint } from './curve.js';
-import { IField, hashToPrivateScalar } from './modular.js';
+import { IField, getMinHashLength, mapHashToField } from './modular.js';
 import { Hex, PrivKey, CHash, bitLen, bitGet, ensureBytes } from './utils.js';
-import * as htf from './hash-to-curve.js';
+// prettier-ignore
+import {
+  MapToCurve, Opts as HTFOpts, H2CPointConstructor, htfBasicOpts,
+  createHasher
+} from './hash-to-curve.js';
 import {
   CurvePointsType,
   ProjPointType as ProjPointType,
@@ -27,6 +31,12 @@ type Fp = bigint; // Can be different field?
 // prettier-ignore
 const _2n = BigInt(2), _3n = BigInt(3);
 
+export type ShortSignatureCoder<Fp> = {
+  fromHex(hex: Hex): ProjPointType<Fp>;
+  toRawBytes(point: ProjPointType<Fp>): Uint8Array;
+  toHex(point: ProjPointType<Fp>): string;
+};
+
 export type SignatureCoder<Fp2> = {
   fromHex(hex: Hex): ProjPointType<Fp2>;
   toRawBytes(point: ProjPointType<Fp2>): Uint8Array;
@@ -35,13 +45,14 @@ export type SignatureCoder<Fp2> = {
 
 export type CurveType<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12> = {
   G1: Omit<CurvePointsType<Fp>, 'n'> & {
-    mapToCurve: htf.MapToCurve<Fp>;
+    ShortSignature: SignatureCoder<Fp>;
-    htfDefaults: htf.Opts;
+    mapToCurve: MapToCurve<Fp>;
+    htfDefaults: HTFOpts;
   };
   G2: Omit<CurvePointsType<Fp2>, 'n'> & {
     Signature: SignatureCoder<Fp2>;
-    mapToCurve: htf.MapToCurve<Fp2>;
+    mapToCurve: MapToCurve<Fp2>;
-    htfDefaults: htf.Opts;
+    htfDefaults: HTFOpts;
   };
   fields: {
     Fp: IField<Fp>;
@@ -63,26 +74,39 @@ export type CurveType<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12> = {
     x: bigint;
     r: bigint;
   };
-  htfDefaults: htf.Opts;
+  htfDefaults: HTFOpts;
   hash: CHash; // Because we need outputLen for DRBG
   randomBytes: (bytesLength?: number) => Uint8Array;
 };
 
 export type CurveFn<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12> = {
   getPublicKey: (privateKey: PrivKey) => Uint8Array;
+  getPublicKeyForShortSignatures: (privateKey: PrivKey) => Uint8Array;
   sign: {
-    (message: Hex, privateKey: PrivKey): Uint8Array;
+    (message: Hex, privateKey: PrivKey, htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts): Uint8Array;
-    (message: ProjPointType<Fp2>, privateKey: PrivKey): ProjPointType<Fp2>;
+    (message: ProjPointType<Fp2>, privateKey: PrivKey, htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts): ProjPointType<Fp2>;
+  };
+  signShortSignature: {
+    (message: Hex, privateKey: PrivKey, htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts): Uint8Array;
+    (message: ProjPointType<Fp>, privateKey: PrivKey, htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts): ProjPointType<Fp>;
   };
   verify: (
     signature: Hex | ProjPointType<Fp2>,
     message: Hex | ProjPointType<Fp2>,
-    publicKey: Hex | ProjPointType<Fp>
+    publicKey: Hex | ProjPointType<Fp>,
+    htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts
+  ) => boolean;
+  verifyShortSignature: (
+    signature: Hex | ProjPointType<Fp>,
+    message: Hex | ProjPointType<Fp>,
+    publicKey: Hex | ProjPointType<Fp2>,
+    htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts
   ) => boolean;
   verifyBatch: (
     signature: Hex | ProjPointType<Fp2>,
     messages: (Hex | ProjPointType<Fp2>)[],
-    publicKeys: (Hex | ProjPointType<Fp>)[]
+    publicKeys: (Hex | ProjPointType<Fp>)[],
+    htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts
   ) => boolean;
   aggregatePublicKeys: {
     (publicKeys: Hex[]): Uint8Array;
@@ -92,11 +116,16 @@ export type CurveFn<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12> = {
     (signatures: Hex[]): Uint8Array;
     (signatures: ProjPointType<Fp2>[]): ProjPointType<Fp2>;
   };
+  aggregateShortSignatures: {
+    (signatures: Hex[]): Uint8Array;
+    (signatures: ProjPointType<Fp>[]): ProjPointType<Fp>;
+  };
   millerLoop: (ell: [Fp2, Fp2, Fp2][], g1: [Fp, Fp]) => Fp12;
   pairing: (P: ProjPointType<Fp>, Q: ProjPointType<Fp2>, withFinalExponent?: boolean) => Fp12;
-  G1: CurvePointsRes<Fp> & ReturnType<typeof htf.createHasher<Fp>>;
+  G1: CurvePointsRes<Fp> & ReturnType<typeof createHasher<Fp>>;
-  G2: CurvePointsRes<Fp2> & ReturnType<typeof htf.createHasher<Fp2>>;
+  G2: CurvePointsRes<Fp2> & ReturnType<typeof createHasher<Fp2>>;
   Signature: SignatureCoder<Fp2>;
+  ShortSignature: ShortSignatureCoder<Fp>;
   params: {
     x: bigint;
     r: bigint;
@@ -122,7 +151,6 @@ export function bls<Fp2, Fp6, Fp12>(
   // Fields are specific for curve, so for now we'll need to pass them with opts
   const { Fp, Fr, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12 } = CURVE.fields;
   const BLS_X_LEN = bitLen(CURVE.params.x);
-  const groupLen = 32; // TODO: calculate; hardcoded for now
 
   // Pre-compute coefficients for sparse multiplication
   // Point addition and point double calculations is reused for coefficients
@@ -189,7 +217,8 @@ export function bls<Fp2, Fp6, Fp12>(
 
   const utils = {
     randomPrivateKey: (): Uint8Array => {
-      return Fr.toBytes(hashToPrivateScalar(CURVE.randomBytes(groupLen + 8), CURVE.params.r));
+      const length = getMinHashLength(Fr.ORDER);
+      return mapHashToField(CURVE.randomBytes(length), Fr.ORDER);
     },
     calcPairingPrecomputes,
   };
@@ -198,7 +227,7 @@ export function bls<Fp2, Fp6, Fp12>(
   const G1_ = weierstrassPoints({ n: Fr.ORDER, ...CURVE.G1 });
   const G1 = Object.assign(
     G1_,
-    htf.createHasher(G1_.ProjectivePoint, CURVE.G1.mapToCurve, {
+    createHasher(G1_.ProjectivePoint, CURVE.G1.mapToCurve, {
       ...CURVE.htfDefaults,
       ...CURVE.G1.htfDefaults,
     })
@@ -224,12 +253,13 @@ export function bls<Fp2, Fp6, Fp12>(
   const G2_ = weierstrassPoints({ n: Fr.ORDER, ...CURVE.G2 });
   const G2 = Object.assign(
     G2_,
-    htf.createHasher(G2_.ProjectivePoint as htf.H2CPointConstructor<Fp2>, CURVE.G2.mapToCurve, {
+    createHasher(G2_.ProjectivePoint as H2CPointConstructor<Fp2>, CURVE.G2.mapToCurve, {
       ...CURVE.htfDefaults,
       ...CURVE.G2.htfDefaults,
     })
   );
 
+  const { ShortSignature } = CURVE.G1;
   const { Signature } = CURVE.G2;
 
   // Calculates bilinear pairing
@@ -251,26 +281,37 @@ export function bls<Fp2, Fp6, Fp12>(
   function normP1(point: G1Hex): G1 {
     return point instanceof G1.ProjectivePoint ? (point as G1) : G1.ProjectivePoint.fromHex(point);
   }
+  function normP1Hash(point: G1Hex, htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts): G1 {
+    return point instanceof G1.ProjectivePoint
+      ? point
+      : (G1.hashToCurve(ensureBytes('point', point), htfOpts) as G1);
+  }
   function normP2(point: G2Hex): G2 {
     return point instanceof G2.ProjectivePoint ? point : Signature.fromHex(point);
   }
-  function normP2Hash(point: G2Hex, htfOpts?: htf.htfBasicOpts): G2 {
+  function normP2Hash(point: G2Hex, htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts): G2 {
     return point instanceof G2.ProjectivePoint
       ? point
       : (G2.hashToCurve(ensureBytes('point', point), htfOpts) as G2);
   }
 
-  // Multiplies generator by private key.
+  // Multiplies generator (G1) by private key.
   // P = pk x G
   function getPublicKey(privateKey: PrivKey): Uint8Array {
     return G1.ProjectivePoint.fromPrivateKey(privateKey).toRawBytes(true);
   }
 
+  // Multiplies generator (G2) by private key.
+  // P = pk x G
+  function getPublicKeyForShortSignatures(privateKey: PrivKey): Uint8Array {
+    return G2.ProjectivePoint.fromPrivateKey(privateKey).toRawBytes(true);
+  }
+
   // Executes `hashToCurve` on the message and then multiplies the result by private key.
   // S = pk x H(m)
-  function sign(message: Hex, privateKey: PrivKey, htfOpts?: htf.htfBasicOpts): Uint8Array;
+  function sign(message: Hex, privateKey: PrivKey, htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts): Uint8Array;
-  function sign(message: G2, privateKey: PrivKey, htfOpts?: htf.htfBasicOpts): G2;
+  function sign(message: G2, privateKey: PrivKey, htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts): G2;
-  function sign(message: G2Hex, privateKey: PrivKey, htfOpts?: htf.htfBasicOpts): Uint8Array | G2 {
+  function sign(message: G2Hex, privateKey: PrivKey, htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts): Uint8Array | G2 {
     const msgPoint = normP2Hash(message, htfOpts);
     msgPoint.assertValidity();
     const sigPoint = msgPoint.multiply(G1.normPrivateKeyToScalar(privateKey));
@@ -278,13 +319,31 @@ export function bls<Fp2, Fp6, Fp12>(
     return Signature.toRawBytes(sigPoint);
   }
 
+  function signShortSignature(
+    message: Hex,
+    privateKey: PrivKey,
+    htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts
+  ): Uint8Array;
+  function signShortSignature(message: G1, privateKey: PrivKey, htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts): G1;
+  function signShortSignature(
+    message: G1Hex,
+    privateKey: PrivKey,
+    htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts
+  ): Uint8Array | G1 {
+    const msgPoint = normP1Hash(message, htfOpts);
+    msgPoint.assertValidity();
+    const sigPoint = msgPoint.multiply(G1.normPrivateKeyToScalar(privateKey));
+    if (message instanceof G1.ProjectivePoint) return sigPoint;
+    return ShortSignature.toRawBytes(sigPoint);
+  }
+
   // Checks if pairing of public key & hash is equal to pairing of generator & signature.
   // e(P, H(m)) == e(G, S)
   function verify(
     signature: G2Hex,
     message: G2Hex,
     publicKey: G1Hex,
-    htfOpts?: htf.htfBasicOpts
+    htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts
   ): boolean {
     const P = normP1(publicKey);
     const Hm = normP2Hash(message, htfOpts);
@@ -298,6 +357,26 @@ export function bls<Fp2, Fp6, Fp12>(
     return Fp12.eql(exp, Fp12.ONE);
   }
 
+  // Checks if pairing of public key & hash is equal to pairing of generator & signature.
+  // e(S, G) == e(H(m), P)
+  function verifyShortSignature(
+    signature: G1Hex,
+    message: G1Hex,
+    publicKey: G2Hex,
+    htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts
+  ): boolean {
+    const P = normP2(publicKey);
+    const Hm = normP1Hash(message, htfOpts);
+    const G = G2.ProjectivePoint.BASE;
+    const S = normP1(signature);
+    // Instead of doing 2 exponentiations, we use property of billinear maps
+    // and do one exp after multiplying 2 points.
+    const eHmP = pairing(Hm, P, false);
+    const eSG = pairing(S, G.negate(), false);
+    const exp = Fp12.finalExponentiate(Fp12.mul(eSG, eHmP));
+    return Fp12.eql(exp, Fp12.ONE);
+  }
+
   // Adds a bunch of public key points together.
   // pk1 + pk2 + pk3 = pkA
   function aggregatePublicKeys(publicKeys: Hex[]): Uint8Array;
@@ -328,13 +407,27 @@ export function bls<Fp2, Fp6, Fp12>(
     return Signature.toRawBytes(aggAffine);
   }
 
+  // Adds a bunch of signature points together.
+  function aggregateShortSignatures(signatures: Hex[]): Uint8Array;
+  function aggregateShortSignatures(signatures: G1[]): G1;
+  function aggregateShortSignatures(signatures: G1Hex[]): Uint8Array | G1 {
+    if (!signatures.length) throw new Error('Expected non-empty array');
+    const agg = signatures.map(normP1).reduce((sum, s) => sum.add(s), G1.ProjectivePoint.ZERO);
+    const aggAffine = agg; //.toAffine();
+    if (signatures[0] instanceof G1.ProjectivePoint) {
+      aggAffine.assertValidity();
+      return aggAffine;
+    }
+    return ShortSignature.toRawBytes(aggAffine);
+  }
+
   // https://ethresear.ch/t/fast-verification-of-multiple-bls-signatures/5407
   // e(G, S) = e(G, SUM(n)(Si)) = MUL(n)(e(G, Si))
   function verifyBatch(
     signature: G2Hex,
     messages: G2Hex[],
     publicKeys: G1Hex[],
-    htfOpts?: htf.htfBasicOpts
+    htfOpts?: htfBasicOpts
   ): boolean {
     // @ts-ignore
     // console.log('verifyBatch', bytesToHex(signature as any), messages, publicKeys.map(bytesToHex));
@@ -370,16 +463,21 @@ export function bls<Fp2, Fp6, Fp12>(
 
   return {
     getPublicKey,
+    getPublicKeyForShortSignatures,
     sign,
+    signShortSignature,
     verify,
     verifyBatch,
+    verifyShortSignature,
     aggregatePublicKeys,
     aggregateSignatures,
+    aggregateShortSignatures,
     millerLoop,
     pairing,
     G1,
     G2,
     Signature,
+    ShortSignature,
     fields: {
       Fr,
       Fp,

src/abstract/edwards.ts

@@ -75,8 +75,13 @@ export interface ExtPointConstructor extends GroupConstructor<ExtPointType> {
 export type CurveFn = {
   CURVE: ReturnType<typeof validateOpts>;
   getPublicKey: (privateKey: Hex) => Uint8Array;
-  sign: (message: Hex, privateKey: Hex) => Uint8Array;
+  sign: (message: Hex, privateKey: Hex, options?: { context?: Hex }) => Uint8Array;
-  verify: (sig: Hex, message: Hex, publicKey: Hex) => boolean;
+  verify: (
+    sig: Hex,
+    message: Hex,
+    publicKey: Hex,
+    options?: { context?: Hex; zip215: boolean }
+  ) => boolean;
   ExtendedPoint: ExtPointConstructor;
   utils: {
     randomPrivateKey: () => Uint8Array;
@@ -102,7 +107,7 @@ export function twistedEdwards(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
     nByteLength,
     h: cofactor,
   } = CURVE;
-  const MASK = _2n ** BigInt(nByteLength * 8);
+  const MASK = _2n << (BigInt(nByteLength * 8) - _1n);
   const modP = Fp.create; // Function overrides
 
   // sqrt(u/v)
@@ -379,7 +384,10 @@ export function twistedEdwards(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
       let { isValid, value: x } = uvRatio(u, v); // √(u/v)
       if (!isValid) throw new Error('Point.fromHex: invalid y coordinate');
       const isXOdd = (x & _1n) === _1n; // There are 2 square roots. Use x_0 bit to select proper
-      const isLastByteOdd = (lastByte & 0x80) !== 0; // if x=0 and x_0 = 1, fail
+      const isLastByteOdd = (lastByte & 0x80) !== 0; // x_0, last bit
+      if (!zip215 && x === _0n && isLastByteOdd)
+        // if x=0 and x_0 = 1, fail
+        throw new Error('Point.fromHex: x=0 and x_0=1');
       if (isLastByteOdd !== isXOdd) x = modP(-x); // if x_0 != x mod 2, set x = p-x
       return Point.fromAffine({ x, y });
     }
@@ -466,6 +474,7 @@ export function twistedEdwards(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
     } catch (error) {
       return false;
     }
+    if (!zip215 && A.isSmallOrder()) return false;
 
     const k = hashDomainToScalar(context, R.toRawBytes(), A.toRawBytes(), msg);
     const RkA = R.add(A.multiplyUnsafe(k));

src/abstract/hash-to-curve.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 /*! noble-curves - MIT License (c) 2022 Paul Miller (paulmillr.com) */
 import type { Group, GroupConstructor, AffinePoint } from './curve.js';
 import { mod, IField } from './modular.js';
-import { bytesToNumberBE, CHash, concatBytes, utf8ToBytes, validateObject } from './utils.js';
+import type { CHash } from './utils.js';
+import { bytesToNumberBE, abytes, concatBytes, utf8ToBytes, validateObject } from './utils.js';
 
 /**
  * * `DST` is a domain separation tag, defined in section 2.2.5
@@ -21,12 +22,6 @@ export type Opts = {
   hash: CHash;
 };
 
-function validateDST(dst: UnicodeOrBytes): Uint8Array {
-  if (dst instanceof Uint8Array) return dst;
-  if (typeof dst === 'string') return utf8ToBytes(dst);
-  throw new Error('DST must be Uint8Array or string');
-}
-
 // Octet Stream to Integer. "spec" implementation of os2ip is 2.5x slower vs bytesToNumberBE.
 const os2ip = bytesToNumberBE;
 
@@ -51,25 +46,22 @@ function strxor(a: Uint8Array, b: Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
   return arr;
 }
 
-function isBytes(item: unknown): void {
+function anum(item: unknown): void {
-  if (!(item instanceof Uint8Array)) throw new Error('Uint8Array expected');
-}
-function isNum(item: unknown): void {
   if (!Number.isSafeInteger(item)) throw new Error('number expected');
 }
 
 // Produces a uniformly random byte string using a cryptographic hash function H that outputs b bits
-// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve-11#section-5.4.1
+// https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#section-5.3.1
 export function expand_message_xmd(
   msg: Uint8Array,
   DST: Uint8Array,
   lenInBytes: number,
   H: CHash
 ): Uint8Array {
-  isBytes(msg);
+  abytes(msg);
-  isBytes(DST);
+  abytes(DST);
-  isNum(lenInBytes);
+  anum(lenInBytes);
-  // https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve-16#section-5.3.3
+  // https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#section-5.3.3
   if (DST.length > 255) DST = H(concatBytes(utf8ToBytes('H2C-OVERSIZE-DST-'), DST));
   const { outputLen: b_in_bytes, blockLen: r_in_bytes } = H;
   const ell = Math.ceil(lenInBytes / b_in_bytes);
@@ -88,6 +80,11 @@ export function expand_message_xmd(
   return pseudo_random_bytes.slice(0, lenInBytes);
 }
 
+// Produces a uniformly random byte string using an extendable-output function (XOF) H.
+// 1. The collision resistance of H MUST be at least k bits.
+// 2. H MUST be an XOF that has been proved indifferentiable from
+//    a random oracle under a reasonable cryptographic assumption.
+// https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#section-5.3.2
 export function expand_message_xof(
   msg: Uint8Array,
   DST: Uint8Array,
@@ -95,10 +92,10 @@ export function expand_message_xof(
   k: number,
   H: CHash
 ): Uint8Array {
-  isBytes(msg);
+  abytes(msg);
-  isBytes(DST);
+  abytes(DST);
-  isNum(lenInBytes);
+  anum(lenInBytes);
-  // https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve-16#section-5.3.3
+  // https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#section-5.3.3
   // DST = H('H2C-OVERSIZE-DST-' || a_very_long_DST, Math.ceil((lenInBytes * k) / 8));
   if (DST.length > 255) {
     const dkLen = Math.ceil((2 * k) / 8);
@@ -119,7 +116,7 @@ export function expand_message_xof(
 
 /**
  * Hashes arbitrary-length byte strings to a list of one or more elements of a finite field F
- * https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve-11#section-5.3
+ * https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#section-5.2
  * @param msg a byte string containing the message to hash
  * @param count the number of elements of F to output
  * @param options `{DST: string, p: bigint, m: number, k: number, expand: 'xmd' | 'xof', hash: H}`, see above
@@ -127,16 +124,16 @@ export function expand_message_xof(
  */
 export function hash_to_field(msg: Uint8Array, count: number, options: Opts): bigint[][] {
   validateObject(options, {
-    DST: 'string',
+    DST: 'stringOrUint8Array',
     p: 'bigint',
     m: 'isSafeInteger',
     k: 'isSafeInteger',
     hash: 'hash',
   });
   const { p, k, m, hash, expand, DST: _DST } = options;
-  isBytes(msg);
+  abytes(msg);
-  isNum(count);
+  anum(count);
-  const DST = validateDST(_DST);
+  const DST = typeof _DST === 'string' ? utf8ToBytes(_DST) : _DST;
   const log2p = p.toString(2).length;
   const L = Math.ceil((log2p + k) / 8); // section 5.1 of ietf draft link above
   const len_in_bytes = count * m * L;
@@ -201,8 +198,8 @@ export function createHasher<T>(
 ) {
   if (typeof mapToCurve !== 'function') throw new Error('mapToCurve() must be defined');
   return {
-    // Encodes byte string to elliptic curve
+    // Encodes byte string to elliptic curve.
-    // https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve-16#section-3
+    // hash_to_curve from https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#section-3
     hashToCurve(msg: Uint8Array, options?: htfBasicOpts) {
       const u = hash_to_field(msg, 2, { ...def, DST: def.DST, ...options } as Opts);
       const u0 = Point.fromAffine(mapToCurve(u[0]));
@@ -212,7 +209,8 @@ export function createHasher<T>(
       return P;
     },
 
-    // https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve-16#section-3
+    // Encodes byte string to elliptic curve.
+    // encode_to_curve from https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#section-3
     encodeToCurve(msg: Uint8Array, options?: htfBasicOpts) {
       const u = hash_to_field(msg, 1, { ...def, DST: def.encodeDST, ...options } as Opts);
       const P = Point.fromAffine(mapToCurve(u[0])).clearCofactor();

src/abstract/modular.ts

@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ export function mod(a: bigint, b: bigint): bigint {
   return result >= _0n ? result : b + result;
 }
 /**
- * Efficiently exponentiate num to power and do modular division.
+ * Efficiently raise num to power and do modular division.
  * Unsafe in some contexts: uses ladder, so can expose bigint bits.
  * @example
- * powMod(2n, 6n, 11n) // 64n % 11n == 9n
+ * pow(2n, 6n, 11n) // 64n % 11n == 9n
  */
 // TODO: use field version && remove
 export function pow(num: bigint, power: bigint, modulo: bigint): bigint {
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ export function invert(number: bigint, modulo: bigint): bigint {
   if (number === _0n || modulo <= _0n) {
     throw new Error(`invert: expected positive integers, got n=${number} mod=${modulo}`);
   }
-  // Eucledian GCD https://brilliant.org/wiki/extended-euclidean-algorithm/
+  // Euclidean GCD https://brilliant.org/wiki/extended-euclidean-algorithm/
   // Fermat's little theorem "CT-like" version inv(n) = n^(m-2) mod m is 30x slower.
   let a = mod(number, modulo);
   let b = modulo;
@@ -75,9 +75,14 @@ export function invert(number: bigint, modulo: bigint): bigint {
   return mod(x, modulo);
 }
 
-// Tonelli-Shanks algorithm
+/**
-// Paper 1: https://eprint.iacr.org/2012/685.pdf (page 12)
+ * Tonelli-Shanks square root search algorithm.
-// Paper 2: Square Roots from 1; 24, 51, 10 to Dan Shanks
+ * 1. https://eprint.iacr.org/2012/685.pdf (page 12)
+ * 2. Square Roots from 1; 24, 51, 10 to Dan Shanks
+ * Will start an infinite loop if field order P is not prime.
+ * @param P field order
+ * @returns function that takes field Fp (created from P) and number n
+ */
 export function tonelliShanks(P: bigint) {
   // Legendre constant: used to calculate Legendre symbol (a | p),
   // which denotes the value of a^((p-1)/2) (mod p).
@@ -198,11 +203,7 @@ export function FpSqrt(P: bigint) {
 // Little-endian check for first LE bit (last BE bit);
 export const isNegativeLE = (num: bigint, modulo: bigint) => (mod(num, modulo) & _1n) === _1n;
 
-// Currently completly inconsistent naming:
+// Field is not always over prime: for example, Fp2 has ORDER(q)=p^m
-// - readable: add, mul, sqr, sqrt, inv, div, pow, eq, sub
-// - unreadable mess: addition, multiply, square, squareRoot, inversion, divide, power, equals, subtract
-
-// Field is not always over prime, Fp2 for example has ORDER(q)=p^m
 export interface IField<T> {
   ORDER: bigint;
   BYTES: number;
@@ -232,7 +233,8 @@ export interface IField<T> {
   sqrN(num: T): T;
 
   // Optional
-  // Should be same as sgn0 function in https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve/
+  // Should be same as sgn0 function in
+  // [RFC9380](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#section-4.1).
   // NOTE: sgn0 is 'negative in LE', which is same as odd. And negative in LE is kinda strange definition anyway.
   isOdd?(num: T): boolean; // Odd instead of even since we have it for Fp2
   // legendre?(num: T): T;
@@ -264,6 +266,11 @@ export function validateField<T>(field: IField<T>) {
 }
 
 // Generic field functions
+
+/**
+ * Same as `pow` but for Fp: non-constant-time.
+ * Unsafe in some contexts: uses ladder, so can expose bigint bits.
+ */
 export function FpPow<T>(f: IField<T>, num: T, power: bigint): T {
   // Should have same speed as pow for bigints
   // TODO: benchmark!
@@ -280,7 +287,10 @@ export function FpPow<T>(f: IField<T>, num: T, power: bigint): T {
   return p;
 }
 
-// 0 is non-invertible: non-batched version will throw on 0
+/**
+ * Efficiently invert an array of Field elements.
+ * `inv(0)` will return `undefined` here: make sure to throw an error.
+ */
 export function FpInvertBatch<T>(f: IField<T>, nums: T[]): T[] {
   const tmp = new Array(nums.length);
   // Walk from first to last, multiply them by each other MOD p
@@ -323,12 +333,12 @@ export function nLength(n: bigint, nBitLength?: number) {
 
 type FpField = IField<bigint> & Required<Pick<IField<bigint>, 'isOdd'>>;
 /**
- * Initializes a galois field over prime. Non-primes are not supported for now.
+ * Initializes a finite field over prime. **Non-primes are not supported.**
- * Do not init in loop: slow. Very fragile: always run a benchmark on change.
+ * Do not init in loop: slow. Very fragile: always run a benchmark on a change.
- * Major performance gains:
+ * Major performance optimizations:
- * a) non-normalized operations like mulN instead of mul
+ * * a) denormalized operations like mulN instead of mul
- * b) `Object.freeze`
+ * * b) same object shape: never add or remove keys
- * c) Same object shape: never add or remove keys
+ * * c) Object.freeze
  * @param ORDER prime positive bigint
  * @param bitLen how many bits the field consumes
  * @param isLE (def: false) if encoding / decoding should be in little-endian
@@ -340,7 +350,7 @@ export function Field(
   isLE = false,
   redef: Partial<IField<bigint>> = {}
 ): Readonly<FpField> {
-  if (ORDER <= _0n) throw new Error(`Expected Fp ORDER > 0, got ${ORDER}`);
+  if (ORDER <= _0n) throw new Error(`Expected Field ORDER > 0, got ${ORDER}`);
   const { nBitLength: BITS, nByteLength: BYTES } = nLength(ORDER, bitLen);
   if (BYTES > 2048) throw new Error('Field lengths over 2048 bytes are not supported');
   const sqrtP = FpSqrt(ORDER);
@@ -404,13 +414,10 @@ export function FpSqrtEven<T>(Fp: IField<T>, elm: T) {
 }
 
 /**
- * FIPS 186 B.4.1-compliant "constant-time" private key generation utility.
+ * "Constant-time" private key generation utility.
- * Can take (n+8) or more bytes of uniform input e.g. from CSPRNG or KDF
+ * Same as mapKeyToField, but accepts less bytes (40 instead of 48 for 32-byte field).
- * and convert them into private scalar, with the modulo bias being neglible.
+ * Which makes it slightly more biased, less secure.
- * Needs at least 40 bytes of input for 32-byte private key.
+ * @deprecated use mapKeyToField instead
- * https://research.kudelskisecurity.com/2020/07/28/the-definitive-guide-to-modulo-bias-and-how-to-avoid-it/
- * @param hash hash output from SHA3 or a similar function
- * @returns valid private scalar
  */
 export function hashToPrivateScalar(
   hash: string | Uint8Array,
@@ -425,3 +432,53 @@ export function hashToPrivateScalar(
   const num = isLE ? bytesToNumberLE(hash) : bytesToNumberBE(hash);
   return mod(num, groupOrder - _1n) + _1n;
 }
+
+/**
+ * Returns total number of bytes consumed by the field element.
+ * For example, 32 bytes for usual 256-bit weierstrass curve.
+ * @param fieldOrder number of field elements, usually CURVE.n
+ * @returns byte length of field
+ */
+export function getFieldBytesLength(fieldOrder: bigint): number {
+  if (typeof fieldOrder !== 'bigint') throw new Error('field order must be bigint');
+  const bitLength = fieldOrder.toString(2).length;
+  return Math.ceil(bitLength / 8);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns minimal amount of bytes that can be safely reduced
+ * by field order.
+ * Should be 2^-128 for 128-bit curve such as P256.
+ * @param fieldOrder number of field elements, usually CURVE.n
+ * @returns byte length of target hash
+ */
+export function getMinHashLength(fieldOrder: bigint): number {
+  const length = getFieldBytesLength(fieldOrder);
+  return length + Math.ceil(length / 2);
+}
+
+/**
+ * "Constant-time" private key generation utility.
+ * Can take (n + n/2) or more bytes of uniform input e.g. from CSPRNG or KDF
+ * and convert them into private scalar, with the modulo bias being negligible.
+ * Needs at least 48 bytes of input for 32-byte private key.
+ * https://research.kudelskisecurity.com/2020/07/28/the-definitive-guide-to-modulo-bias-and-how-to-avoid-it/
+ * FIPS 186-5, A.2 https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/fips/186/5/final
+ * RFC 9380, https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#section-5
+ * @param hash hash output from SHA3 or a similar function
+ * @param groupOrder size of subgroup - (e.g. secp256k1.CURVE.n)
+ * @param isLE interpret hash bytes as LE num
+ * @returns valid private scalar
+ */
+export function mapHashToField(key: Uint8Array, fieldOrder: bigint, isLE = false): Uint8Array {
+  const len = key.length;
+  const fieldLen = getFieldBytesLength(fieldOrder);
+  const minLen = getMinHashLength(fieldOrder);
+  // No small numbers: need to understand bias story. No huge numbers: easier to detect JS timings.
+  if (len < 16 || len < minLen || len > 1024)
+    throw new Error(`expected ${minLen}-1024 bytes of input, got ${len}`);
+  const num = isLE ? bytesToNumberBE(key) : bytesToNumberLE(key);
+  // `mod(x, 11)` can sometimes produce 0. `mod(x, 10) + 1` is the same, but no 0
+  const reduced = mod(num, fieldOrder - _1n) + _1n;
+  return isLE ? numberToBytesLE(reduced, fieldLen) : numberToBytesBE(reduced, fieldLen);
+}

src/abstract/montgomery.ts

@@ -150,17 +150,15 @@ export function montgomery(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
   function decodeUCoordinate(uEnc: Hex): bigint {
     // Section 5: When receiving such an array, implementations of X25519
     // MUST mask the most significant bit in the final byte.
-    // This is very ugly way, but it works because fieldLen-1 is outside of bounds for X448, so this becomes NOOP
-    // fieldLen - scalaryBytes = 1 for X448 and = 0 for X25519
     const u = ensureBytes('u coordinate', uEnc, montgomeryBytes);
-    // u[fieldLen-1] crashes QuickJS (TypeError: out-of-bound numeric index)
+    if (fieldLen === 32) u[31] &= 127; // 0b0111_1111
-    if (fieldLen === montgomeryBytes) u[fieldLen - 1] &= 127; // 0b0111_1111
     return bytesToNumberLE(u);
   }
   function decodeScalar(n: Hex): bigint {
     const bytes = ensureBytes('scalar', n);
-    if (bytes.length !== montgomeryBytes && bytes.length !== fieldLen)
+    const len = bytes.length;
-      throw new Error(`Expected ${montgomeryBytes} or ${fieldLen} bytes, got ${bytes.length}`);
+    if (len !== montgomeryBytes && len !== fieldLen)
+      throw new Error(`Expected ${montgomeryBytes} or ${fieldLen} bytes, got ${len}`);
     return bytesToNumberLE(adjustScalarBytes(bytes));
   }
   function scalarMult(scalar: Hex, u: Hex): Uint8Array {

src/abstract/poseidon.ts

@@ -15,34 +15,36 @@ export type PoseidonOpts = {
 };
 
 export function validateOpts(opts: PoseidonOpts) {
-  const { Fp } = opts;
+  const { Fp, mds, reversePartialPowIdx: rev, roundConstants: rc } = opts;
+  const { roundsFull, roundsPartial, sboxPower, t } = opts;
+
   validateField(Fp);
   for (const i of ['t', 'roundsFull', 'roundsPartial'] as const) {
     if (typeof opts[i] !== 'number' || !Number.isSafeInteger(opts[i]))
       throw new Error(`Poseidon: invalid param ${i}=${opts[i]} (${typeof opts[i]})`);
   }
-  if (opts.reversePartialPowIdx !== undefined && typeof opts.reversePartialPowIdx !== 'boolean')
-    throw new Error(`Poseidon: invalid param reversePartialPowIdx=${opts.reversePartialPowIdx}`);
-  // Default is 5, but by some reasons stark uses 3
-  let sboxPower = opts.sboxPower;
-  if (sboxPower === undefined) sboxPower = 5;
-  if (typeof sboxPower !== 'number' || !Number.isSafeInteger(sboxPower))
-    throw new Error(`Poseidon wrong sboxPower=${sboxPower}`);
 
-  const _sboxPower = BigInt(sboxPower);
+  // MDS is TxT matrix
-  let sboxFn = (n: bigint) => FpPow(Fp, n, _sboxPower);
+  if (!Array.isArray(mds) || mds.length !== t) throw new Error('Poseidon: wrong MDS matrix');
-  // Unwrapped sbox power for common cases (195->142μs)
+  const _mds = mds.map((mdsRow) => {
-  if (sboxPower === 3) sboxFn = (n: bigint) => Fp.mul(Fp.sqrN(n), n);
+    if (!Array.isArray(mdsRow) || mdsRow.length !== t)
-  else if (sboxPower === 5) sboxFn = (n: bigint) => Fp.mul(Fp.sqrN(Fp.sqrN(n)), n);
+      throw new Error(`Poseidon MDS matrix row: ${mdsRow}`);
+    return mdsRow.map((i) => {
+      if (typeof i !== 'bigint') throw new Error(`Poseidon MDS matrix value=${i}`);
+      return Fp.create(i);
+    });
+  });
 
-  if (opts.roundsFull % 2 !== 0)
+  if (rev !== undefined && typeof rev !== 'boolean')
-    throw new Error(`Poseidon roundsFull is not even: ${opts.roundsFull}`);
+    throw new Error(`Poseidon: invalid param reversePartialPowIdx=${rev}`);
-  const rounds = opts.roundsFull + opts.roundsPartial;
 
-  if (!Array.isArray(opts.roundConstants) || opts.roundConstants.length !== rounds)
+  if (roundsFull % 2 !== 0) throw new Error(`Poseidon roundsFull is not even: ${roundsFull}`);
+  const rounds = roundsFull + roundsPartial;
+
+  if (!Array.isArray(rc) || rc.length !== rounds)
     throw new Error('Poseidon: wrong round constants');
-  const roundConstants = opts.roundConstants.map((rc) => {
+  const roundConstants = rc.map((rc) => {
-    if (!Array.isArray(rc) || rc.length !== opts.t)
+    if (!Array.isArray(rc) || rc.length !== t)
       throw new Error(`Poseidon wrong round constants: ${rc}`);
     return rc.map((i) => {
       if (typeof i !== 'bigint' || !Fp.isValid(i))
@@ -50,18 +52,16 @@ export function validateOpts(opts: PoseidonOpts) {
       return Fp.create(i);
     });
   });
-  // MDS is TxT matrix
+
-  if (!Array.isArray(opts.mds) || opts.mds.length !== opts.t)
+  if (!sboxPower || ![3, 5, 7].includes(sboxPower))
-    throw new Error('Poseidon: wrong MDS matrix');
+    throw new Error(`Poseidon wrong sboxPower=${sboxPower}`);
-  const mds = opts.mds.map((mdsRow) => {
+  const _sboxPower = BigInt(sboxPower);
-    if (!Array.isArray(mdsRow) || mdsRow.length !== opts.t)
+  let sboxFn = (n: bigint) => FpPow(Fp, n, _sboxPower);
-      throw new Error(`Poseidon MDS matrix row: ${mdsRow}`);
+  // Unwrapped sbox power for common cases (195->142μs)
-    return mdsRow.map((i) => {
+  if (sboxPower === 3) sboxFn = (n: bigint) => Fp.mul(Fp.sqrN(n), n);
-      if (typeof i !== 'bigint') throw new Error(`Poseidon MDS matrix value=${i}`);
+  else if (sboxPower === 5) sboxFn = (n: bigint) => Fp.mul(Fp.sqrN(Fp.sqrN(n)), n);
-      return Fp.create(i);
+
-    });
+  return Object.freeze({ ...opts, rounds, sboxFn, roundConstants, mds: _mds });
-  });
-  return Object.freeze({ ...opts, rounds, sboxFn, roundConstants, mds });
 }
 
 export function splitConstants(rc: bigint[], t: number) {
@@ -80,18 +80,17 @@ export function splitConstants(rc: bigint[], t: number) {
 }
 
 export function poseidon(opts: PoseidonOpts) {
-  const { t, Fp, rounds, sboxFn, reversePartialPowIdx } = validateOpts(opts);
+  const _opts = validateOpts(opts);
-  const halfRoundsFull = Math.floor(opts.roundsFull / 2);
+  const { Fp, mds, roundConstants, rounds, roundsPartial, sboxFn, t } = _opts;
-  const partialIdx = reversePartialPowIdx ? t - 1 : 0;
+  const halfRoundsFull = _opts.roundsFull / 2;
+  const partialIdx = _opts.reversePartialPowIdx ? t - 1 : 0;
   const poseidonRound = (values: bigint[], isFull: boolean, idx: number) => {
-    values = values.map((i, j) => Fp.add(i, opts.roundConstants[idx][j]));
+    values = values.map((i, j) => Fp.add(i, roundConstants[idx][j]));
 
     if (isFull) values = values.map((i) => sboxFn(i));
     else values[partialIdx] = sboxFn(values[partialIdx]);
     // Matrix multiplication
-    values = opts.mds.map((i) =>
+    values = mds.map((i) => i.reduce((acc, i, j) => Fp.add(acc, Fp.mulN(i, values[j])), Fp.ZERO));
-      i.reduce((acc, i, j) => Fp.add(acc, Fp.mulN(i, values[j])), Fp.ZERO)
-    );
     return values;
   };
   const poseidonHash = function poseidonHash(values: bigint[]) {
@@ -105,7 +104,7 @@ export function poseidon(opts: PoseidonOpts) {
     // Apply r_f/2 full rounds.
     for (let i = 0; i < halfRoundsFull; i++) values = poseidonRound(values, true, round++);
     // Apply r_p partial rounds.
-    for (let i = 0; i < opts.roundsPartial; i++) values = poseidonRound(values, false, round++);
+    for (let i = 0; i < roundsPartial; i++) values = poseidonRound(values, false, round++);
     // Apply r_f/2 full rounds.
     for (let i = 0; i < halfRoundsFull; i++) values = poseidonRound(values, true, round++);
 
@@ -114,6 +113,6 @@ export function poseidon(opts: PoseidonOpts) {
     return values;
   };
   // For verification in tests
-  poseidonHash.roundConstants = opts.roundConstants;
+  poseidonHash.roundConstants = roundConstants;
   return poseidonHash;
 }

src/abstract/utils.ts

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 /*! noble-curves - MIT License (c) 2022 Paul Miller (paulmillr.com) */
+// 100 lines of code in the file are duplicated from noble-hashes (utils).
+// This is OK: `abstract` directory does not use noble-hashes.
+// User may opt-in into using different hashing library. This way, noble-hashes
+// won't be included into their bundle.
 const _0n = BigInt(0);
 const _1n = BigInt(1);
 const _2n = BigInt(2);
-const u8a = (a: any): a is Uint8Array => a instanceof Uint8Array;
+export type Hex = Uint8Array | string; // hex strings are accepted for simplicity
-
+export type PrivKey = Hex | bigint; // bigints are accepted to ease learning curve
-// We accept hex strings besides Uint8Array for simplicity
-export type Hex = Uint8Array | string;
-// Very few implementations accept numbers, we do it to ease learning curve
-export type PrivKey = Hex | bigint;
 export type CHash = {
   (message: Uint8Array | string): Uint8Array;
   blockLen: number;
@@ -16,9 +16,26 @@ export type CHash = {
 };
 export type FHash = (message: Uint8Array | string) => Uint8Array;
 
-const hexes = Array.from({ length: 256 }, (v, i) => i.toString(16).padStart(2, '0'));
+export function isBytes(a: unknown): a is Uint8Array {
+  return (
+    a instanceof Uint8Array ||
+    (a != null && typeof a === 'object' && a.constructor.name === 'Uint8Array')
+  );
+}
+
+export function abytes(item: unknown): void {
+  if (!isBytes(item)) throw new Error('Uint8Array expected');
+}
+
+// Array where index 0xf0 (240) is mapped to string 'f0'
+const hexes = /* @__PURE__ */ Array.from({ length: 256 }, (_, i) =>
+  i.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
+);
+/**
+ * @example bytesToHex(Uint8Array.from([0xca, 0xfe, 0x01, 0x23])) // 'cafe0123'
+ */
 export function bytesToHex(bytes: Uint8Array): string {
-  if (!u8a(bytes)) throw new Error('Uint8Array expected');
+  abytes(bytes);
   // pre-caching improves the speed 6x
   let hex = '';
   for (let i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
@@ -38,36 +55,65 @@ export function hexToNumber(hex: string): bigint {
   return BigInt(hex === '' ? '0' : `0x${hex}`);
 }
 
-// Caching slows it down 2-3x
+// We use optimized technique to convert hex string to byte array
+const asciis = { _0: 48, _9: 57, _A: 65, _F: 70, _a: 97, _f: 102 } as const;
+function asciiToBase16(char: number): number | undefined {
+  if (char >= asciis._0 && char <= asciis._9) return char - asciis._0;
+  if (char >= asciis._A && char <= asciis._F) return char - (asciis._A - 10);
+  if (char >= asciis._a && char <= asciis._f) return char - (asciis._a - 10);
+  return;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @example hexToBytes('cafe0123') // Uint8Array.from([0xca, 0xfe, 0x01, 0x23])
+ */
 export function hexToBytes(hex: string): Uint8Array {
   if (typeof hex !== 'string') throw new Error('hex string expected, got ' + typeof hex);
-  if (hex.length % 2) throw new Error('hex string is invalid: unpadded ' + hex.length);
+  const hl = hex.length;
-  const array = new Uint8Array(hex.length / 2);
+  const al = hl / 2;
-  for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
+  if (hl % 2) throw new Error('padded hex string expected, got unpadded hex of length ' + hl);
-    const j = i * 2;
+  const array = new Uint8Array(al);
-    const hexByte = hex.slice(j, j + 2);
+  for (let ai = 0, hi = 0; ai < al; ai++, hi += 2) {
-    const byte = Number.parseInt(hexByte, 16);
+    const n1 = asciiToBase16(hex.charCodeAt(hi));
-    if (Number.isNaN(byte) || byte < 0) throw new Error('invalid byte sequence');
+    const n2 = asciiToBase16(hex.charCodeAt(hi + 1));
-    array[i] = byte;
+    if (n1 === undefined || n2 === undefined) {
+      const char = hex[hi] + hex[hi + 1];
+      throw new Error('hex string expected, got non-hex character "' + char + '" at index ' + hi);
+    }
+    array[ai] = n1 * 16 + n2;
   }
   return array;
 }
 
-// Big Endian
+// BE: Big Endian, LE: Little Endian
 export function bytesToNumberBE(bytes: Uint8Array): bigint {
   return hexToNumber(bytesToHex(bytes));
 }
 export function bytesToNumberLE(bytes: Uint8Array): bigint {
-  if (!u8a(bytes)) throw new Error('Uint8Array expected');
+  abytes(bytes);
   return hexToNumber(bytesToHex(Uint8Array.from(bytes).reverse()));
 }
 
-export const numberToBytesBE = (n: bigint, len: number) =>
+export function numberToBytesBE(n: number | bigint, len: number): Uint8Array {
-  hexToBytes(n.toString(16).padStart(len * 2, '0'));
+  return hexToBytes(n.toString(16).padStart(len * 2, '0'));
-export const numberToBytesLE = (n: bigint, len: number) => numberToBytesBE(n, len).reverse();
+}
-// Returns variable number bytes (minimal bigint encoding?)
+export function numberToBytesLE(n: number | bigint, len: number): Uint8Array {
-export const numberToVarBytesBE = (n: bigint) => hexToBytes(numberToHexUnpadded(n));
+  return numberToBytesBE(n, len).reverse();
+}
+// Unpadded, rarely used
+export function numberToVarBytesBE(n: number | bigint): Uint8Array {
+  return hexToBytes(numberToHexUnpadded(n));
+}
 
+/**
+ * Takes hex string or Uint8Array, converts to Uint8Array.
+ * Validates output length.
+ * Will throw error for other types.
+ * @param title descriptive title for an error e.g. 'private key'
+ * @param hex hex string or Uint8Array
+ * @param expectedLength optional, will compare to result array's length
+ * @returns
+ */
 export function ensureBytes(title: string, hex: Hex, expectedLength?: number): Uint8Array {
   let res: Uint8Array;
   if (typeof hex === 'string') {
@@ -76,7 +122,7 @@ export function ensureBytes(title: string, hex: Hex, expectedLength?: number): U
     } catch (e) {
       throw new Error(`${title} must be valid hex string, got "${hex}". Cause: ${e}`);
     }
-  } else if (u8a(hex)) {
+  } else if (isBytes(hex)) {
     // Uint8Array.from() instead of hash.slice() because node.js Buffer
     // is instance of Uint8Array, and its slice() creates **mutable** copy
     res = Uint8Array.from(hex);
@@ -89,51 +135,77 @@ export function ensureBytes(title: string, hex: Hex, expectedLength?: number): U
   return res;
 }
 
-// Copies several Uint8Arrays into one.
+/**
-export function concatBytes(...arrs: Uint8Array[]): Uint8Array {
+ * Copies several Uint8Arrays into one.
-  const r = new Uint8Array(arrs.reduce((sum, a) => sum + a.length, 0));
+ */
-  let pad = 0; // walk through each item, ensure they have proper type
+export function concatBytes(...arrays: Uint8Array[]): Uint8Array {
-  arrs.forEach((a) => {
+  let sum = 0;
-    if (!u8a(a)) throw new Error('Uint8Array expected');
+  for (let i = 0; i < arrays.length; i++) {
-    r.set(a, pad);
+    const a = arrays[i];
+    abytes(a);
+    sum += a.length;
+  }
+  const res = new Uint8Array(sum);
+  for (let i = 0, pad = 0; i < arrays.length; i++) {
+    const a = arrays[i];
+    res.set(a, pad);
     pad += a.length;
-  });
+  }
-  return r;
+  return res;
 }
 
-export function equalBytes(b1: Uint8Array, b2: Uint8Array) {
+// Compares 2 u8a-s in kinda constant time
-  // We don't care about timing attacks here
+export function equalBytes(a: Uint8Array, b: Uint8Array) {
-  if (b1.length !== b2.length) return false;
+  if (a.length !== b.length) return false;
-  for (let i = 0; i < b1.length; i++) if (b1[i] !== b2[i]) return false;
+  let diff = 0;
-  return true;
+  for (let i = 0; i < a.length; i++) diff |= a[i] ^ b[i];
+  return diff === 0;
 }
 
 // Global symbols in both browsers and Node.js since v11
 // See https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/31535
 declare const TextEncoder: any;
+
+/**
+ * @example utf8ToBytes('abc') // new Uint8Array([97, 98, 99])
+ */
 export function utf8ToBytes(str: string): Uint8Array {
-  if (typeof str !== 'string') {
+  if (typeof str !== 'string') throw new Error(`utf8ToBytes expected string, got ${typeof str}`);
-    throw new Error(`utf8ToBytes expected string, got ${typeof str}`);
+  return new Uint8Array(new TextEncoder().encode(str)); // https://bugzil.la/1681809
-  }
-  return new TextEncoder().encode(str);
 }
 
 // Bit operations
 
-// Amount of bits inside bigint (Same as n.toString(2).length)
+/**
+ * Calculates amount of bits in a bigint.
+ * Same as `n.toString(2).length`
+ */
 export function bitLen(n: bigint) {
   let len;
   for (len = 0; n > _0n; n >>= _1n, len += 1);
   return len;
 }
-// Gets single bit at position. NOTE: first bit position is 0 (same as arrays)
+
-// Same as !!+Array.from(n.toString(2)).reverse()[pos]
+/**
-export const bitGet = (n: bigint, pos: number) => (n >> BigInt(pos)) & _1n;
+ * Gets single bit at position.
-// Sets single bit at position
+ * NOTE: first bit position is 0 (same as arrays)
-export const bitSet = (n: bigint, pos: number, value: boolean) =>
+ * Same as `!!+Array.from(n.toString(2)).reverse()[pos]`
-  n | ((value ? _1n : _0n) << BigInt(pos));
+ */
-// Return mask for N bits (Same as BigInt(`0b${Array(i).fill('1').join('')}`))
+export function bitGet(n: bigint, pos: number) {
-// Not using ** operator with bigints for old engines.
+  return (n >> BigInt(pos)) & _1n;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets single bit at position.
+ */
+export function bitSet(n: bigint, pos: number, value: boolean) {
+  return n | ((value ? _1n : _0n) << BigInt(pos));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Calculate mask for N bits. Not using ** operator with bigints because of old engines.
+ * Same as BigInt(`0b${Array(i).fill('1').join('')}`)
+ */
 export const bitMask = (n: number) => (_2n << BigInt(n - 1)) - _1n;
 
 // DRBG
@@ -205,6 +277,7 @@ const validatorFns = {
   function: (val: any) => typeof val === 'function',
   boolean: (val: any) => typeof val === 'boolean',
   string: (val: any) => typeof val === 'string',
+  stringOrUint8Array: (val: any) => typeof val === 'string' || isBytes(val),
   isSafeInteger: (val: any) => Number.isSafeInteger(val),
   array: (val: any) => Array.isArray(val),
   field: (val: any, object: any) => (object as any).Fp.isValid(val),

src/abstract/weierstrass.ts

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ export type BasicWCurve<T> = BasicCurve<T> & {
   clearCofactor?: (c: ProjConstructor<T>, point: ProjPointType<T>) => ProjPointType<T>;
 };
 
-type Entropy = Hex | true;
+type Entropy = Hex | boolean;
 export type SignOpts = { lowS?: boolean; extraEntropy?: Entropy; prehash?: boolean };
 export type VerOpts = { lowS?: boolean; prehash?: boolean };
 
@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ function validatePointOpts<T>(curve: CurvePointsType<T>) {
 }
 
 export type CurvePointsRes<T> = {
+  CURVE: ReturnType<typeof validatePointOpts<T>>;
   ProjectivePoint: ProjConstructor<T>;
   normPrivateKeyToScalar: (key: PrivKey) => bigint;
   weierstrassEquation: (x: T) => T;
@@ -157,7 +158,7 @@ export const DER = {
     // parse DER signature
     const { Err: E } = DER;
     const data = typeof hex === 'string' ? h2b(hex) : hex;
-    if (!(data instanceof Uint8Array)) throw new Error('ui8a expected');
+    ut.abytes(data);
     let l = data.length;
     if (l < 2 || data[0] != 0x30) throw new E('Invalid signature tag');
     if (data[1] !== l - 2) throw new E('Invalid signature: incorrect length');
@@ -187,13 +188,13 @@ export const DER = {
 // prettier-ignore
 const _0n = BigInt(0), _1n = BigInt(1), _2n = BigInt(2), _3n = BigInt(3), _4n = BigInt(4);
 
-export function weierstrassPoints<T>(opts: CurvePointsType<T>) {
+export function weierstrassPoints<T>(opts: CurvePointsType<T>): CurvePointsRes<T> {
   const CURVE = validatePointOpts(opts);
   const { Fp } = CURVE; // All curves has same field / group length as for now, but they can differ
 
   const toBytes =
     CURVE.toBytes ||
-    ((c: ProjConstructor<T>, point: ProjPointType<T>, isCompressed: boolean) => {
+    ((_c: ProjConstructor<T>, point: ProjPointType<T>, _isCompressed: boolean) => {
       const a = point.toAffine();
       return ut.concatBytes(Uint8Array.from([0x04]), Fp.toBytes(a.x), Fp.toBytes(a.y));
     });
@@ -237,7 +238,7 @@ export function weierstrassPoints<T>(opts: CurvePointsType<T>) {
   function normPrivateKeyToScalar(key: PrivKey): bigint {
     const { allowedPrivateKeyLengths: lengths, nByteLength, wrapPrivateKey, n } = CURVE;
     if (lengths && typeof key !== 'bigint') {
-      if (key instanceof Uint8Array) key = ut.bytesToHex(key);
+      if (ut.isBytes(key)) key = ut.bytesToHex(key);
       // Normalize to hex string, pad. E.g. P521 would norm 130-132 char hex to 132-char bytes
       if (typeof key !== 'string' || !lengths.includes(key.length)) throw new Error('Invalid key');
       key = key.padStart(nByteLength * 2, '0');
@@ -269,7 +270,11 @@ export function weierstrassPoints<T>(opts: CurvePointsType<T>) {
     static readonly BASE = new Point(CURVE.Gx, CURVE.Gy, Fp.ONE);
     static readonly ZERO = new Point(Fp.ZERO, Fp.ONE, Fp.ZERO);
 
-    constructor(readonly px: T, readonly py: T, readonly pz: T) {
+    constructor(
+      readonly px: T,
+      readonly py: T,
+      readonly pz: T
+    ) {
       if (px == null || !Fp.isValid(px)) throw new Error('x required');
       if (py == null || !Fp.isValid(py)) throw new Error('y required');
       if (pz == null || !Fp.isValid(pz)) throw new Error('z required');
@@ -333,9 +338,11 @@ export function weierstrassPoints<T>(opts: CurvePointsType<T>) {
 
     // A point on curve is valid if it conforms to equation.
     assertValidity(): void {
-      // Zero is valid point too!
       if (this.is0()) {
-        if (CURVE.allowInfinityPoint) return;
+        // (0, 1, 0) aka ZERO is invalid in most contexts.
+        // In BLS, ZERO can be serialized, so we allow it.
+        // (0, 0, 0) is wrong representation of ZERO and is always invalid.
+        if (CURVE.allowInfinityPoint && !Fp.is0(this.py)) return;
         throw new Error('bad point: ZERO');
       }
       // Some 3rd-party test vectors require different wording between here & `fromCompressedHex`
@@ -618,7 +625,7 @@ export interface SignatureType {
   readonly s: bigint;
   readonly recovery?: number;
   assertValidity(): void;
-  addRecoveryBit(recovery: number): SignatureType;
+  addRecoveryBit(recovery: number): RecoveredSignatureType;
   hasHighS(): boolean;
   normalizeS(): SignatureType;
   recoverPublicKey(msgHash: Hex): ProjPointType<bigint>;
@@ -628,6 +635,9 @@ export interface SignatureType {
   toDERRawBytes(isCompressed?: boolean): Uint8Array;
   toDERHex(isCompressed?: boolean): string;
 }
+export type RecoveredSignatureType = SignatureType & {
+  readonly recovery: number;
+};
 // Static methods
 export type SignatureConstructor = {
   new (r: bigint, s: bigint): SignatureType;
@@ -669,7 +679,7 @@ export type CurveFn = {
   CURVE: ReturnType<typeof validateOpts>;
   getPublicKey: (privateKey: PrivKey, isCompressed?: boolean) => Uint8Array;
   getSharedSecret: (privateA: PrivKey, publicB: Hex, isCompressed?: boolean) => Uint8Array;
-  sign: (msgHash: Hex, privKey: PrivKey, opts?: SignOpts) => SignatureType;
+  sign: (msgHash: Hex, privKey: PrivKey, opts?: SignOpts) => RecoveredSignatureType;
   verify: (signature: Hex | SignatureLike, msgHash: Hex, publicKey: Hex, opts?: VerOpts) => boolean;
   ProjectivePoint: ProjConstructor<bigint>;
   Signature: SignatureConstructor;
@@ -704,7 +714,7 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
     isWithinCurveOrder,
   } = weierstrassPoints({
     ...CURVE,
-    toBytes(c, point, isCompressed: boolean): Uint8Array {
+    toBytes(_c, point, isCompressed: boolean): Uint8Array {
       const a = point.toAffine();
       const x = Fp.toBytes(a.x);
       const cat = ut.concatBytes;
@@ -723,7 +733,13 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
         const x = ut.bytesToNumberBE(tail);
         if (!isValidFieldElement(x)) throw new Error('Point is not on curve');
         const y2 = weierstrassEquation(x); // y² = x³ + ax + b
-        let y = Fp.sqrt(y2); // y = y² ^ (p+1)/4
+        let y: bigint;
+        try {
+          y = Fp.sqrt(y2); // y = y² ^ (p+1)/4
+        } catch (sqrtError) {
+          const suffix = sqrtError instanceof Error ? ': ' + sqrtError.message : '';
+          throw new Error('Point is not on curve' + suffix);
+        }
         const isYOdd = (y & _1n) === _1n;
         // ECDSA
         const isHeadOdd = (head & 1) === 1;
@@ -758,7 +774,11 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
    * ECDSA signature with its (r, s) properties. Supports DER & compact representations.
    */
   class Signature implements SignatureType {
-    constructor(readonly r: bigint, readonly s: bigint, readonly recovery?: number) {
+    constructor(
+      readonly r: bigint,
+      readonly s: bigint,
+      readonly recovery?: number
+    ) {
       this.assertValidity();
     }
 
@@ -782,8 +802,8 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
       if (!isWithinCurveOrder(this.s)) throw new Error('s must be 0 < s < CURVE.n');
     }
 
-    addRecoveryBit(recovery: number) {
+    addRecoveryBit(recovery: number): RecoveredSignature {
-      return new Signature(this.r, this.s, recovery);
+      return new Signature(this.r, this.s, recovery) as RecoveredSignature;
     }
 
     recoverPublicKey(msgHash: Hex): typeof Point.BASE {
@@ -828,6 +848,7 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
       return numToNByteStr(this.r) + numToNByteStr(this.s);
     }
   }
+  type RecoveredSignature = Signature & { recovery: number };
 
   const utils = {
     isValidPrivateKey(privateKey: PrivKey) {
@@ -841,13 +862,12 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
     normPrivateKeyToScalar: normPrivateKeyToScalar,
 
     /**
-     * Produces cryptographically secure private key from random of size (nBitLength+64)
+     * Produces cryptographically secure private key from random of size
-     * as per FIPS 186 B.4.1 with modulo bias being neglible.
+     * (groupLen + ceil(groupLen / 2)) with modulo bias being negligible.
      */
     randomPrivateKey: (): Uint8Array => {
-      const rand = CURVE.randomBytes(Fp.BYTES + 8);
+      const length = mod.getMinHashLength(CURVE.n);
-      const num = mod.hashToPrivateScalar(rand, CURVE_ORDER);
+      return mod.mapHashToField(CURVE.randomBytes(length), CURVE.n);
-      return ut.numberToBytesBE(num, CURVE.nByteLength);
     },
 
     /**
@@ -879,7 +899,7 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
    * Quick and dirty check for item being public key. Does not validate hex, or being on-curve.
    */
   function isProbPub(item: PrivKey | PubKey): boolean {
-    const arr = item instanceof Uint8Array;
+    const arr = ut.isBytes(item);
     const str = typeof item === 'string';
     const len = (arr || str) && (item as Hex).length;
     if (arr) return len === compressedLen || len === uncompressedLen;
@@ -957,15 +977,15 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
     const d = normPrivateKeyToScalar(privateKey); // validate private key, convert to bigint
     const seedArgs = [int2octets(d), int2octets(h1int)];
     // extraEntropy. RFC6979 3.6: additional k' (optional).
-    if (ent != null) {
+    if (ent != null && ent !== false) {
       // K = HMAC_K(V || 0x00 || int2octets(x) || bits2octets(h1) || k')
       const e = ent === true ? randomBytes(Fp.BYTES) : ent; // generate random bytes OR pass as-is
-      seedArgs.push(ensureBytes('extraEntropy', e, Fp.BYTES)); // check for being of size BYTES
+      seedArgs.push(ensureBytes('extraEntropy', e)); // check for being bytes
     }
     const seed = ut.concatBytes(...seedArgs); // Step D of RFC6979 3.2
     const m = h1int; // NOTE: no need to call bits2int second time here, it is inside truncateHash!
     // Converts signature params into point w r/s, checks result for validity.
-    function k2sig(kBytes: Uint8Array): Signature | undefined {
+    function k2sig(kBytes: Uint8Array): RecoveredSignature | undefined {
       // RFC 6979 Section 3.2, step 3: k = bits2int(T)
       const k = bits2int(kBytes); // Cannot use fields methods, since it is group element
       if (!isWithinCurveOrder(k)) return; // Important: all mod() calls here must be done over N
@@ -984,7 +1004,7 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
         normS = normalizeS(s); // if lowS was passed, ensure s is always
         recovery ^= 1; // // in the bottom half of N
       }
-      return new Signature(r, normS, recovery); // use normS, not s
+      return new Signature(r, normS, recovery) as RecoveredSignature; // use normS, not s
     }
     return { seed, k2sig };
   }
@@ -992,18 +1012,22 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
   const defaultVerOpts: VerOpts = { lowS: CURVE.lowS, prehash: false };
 
   /**
-   * Signs message hash (not message: you need to hash it by yourself).
+   * Signs message hash with a private key.
    * ```
    * sign(m, d, k) where
    *   (x, y) = G × k
    *   r = x mod n
    *   s = (m + dr)/k mod n
    * ```
-   * @param opts `lowS, extraEntropy, prehash`
+   * @param msgHash NOT message. msg needs to be hashed to `msgHash`, or use `prehash`.
+   * @param privKey private key
+   * @param opts lowS for non-malleable sigs. extraEntropy for mixing randomness into k. prehash will hash first arg.
+   * @returns signature with recovery param
    */
-  function sign(msgHash: Hex, privKey: PrivKey, opts = defaultSigOpts): Signature {
+  function sign(msgHash: Hex, privKey: PrivKey, opts = defaultSigOpts): RecoveredSignature {
     const { seed, k2sig } = prepSig(msgHash, privKey, opts); // Steps A, D of RFC6979 3.2.
-    const drbg = ut.createHmacDrbg<Signature>(CURVE.hash.outputLen, CURVE.nByteLength, CURVE.hmac);
+    const C = CURVE;
+    const drbg = ut.createHmacDrbg<RecoveredSignature>(C.hash.outputLen, C.nByteLength, C.hmac);
     return drbg(seed, k2sig); // Steps B, C, D, E, F, G
   }
 
@@ -1039,7 +1063,7 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
     let _sig: Signature | undefined = undefined;
     let P: ProjPointType<bigint>;
     try {
-      if (typeof sg === 'string' || sg instanceof Uint8Array) {
+      if (typeof sg === 'string' || ut.isBytes(sg)) {
         // Signature can be represented in 2 ways: compact (2*nByteLength) & DER (variable-length).
         // Since DER can also be 2*nByteLength bytes, we check for it first.
         try {
@@ -1084,20 +1108,29 @@ export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
   };
 }
 
-// Implementation of the Shallue and van de Woestijne method for any Weierstrass curve
+/**
-// TODO: check if there is a way to merge this with uvRatio in Edwards && move to modular?
+ * Implementation of the Shallue and van de Woestijne method for any weierstrass curve.
-// b = True and y = sqrt(u / v) if (u / v) is square in F, and
+ * TODO: check if there is a way to merge this with uvRatio in Edwards; move to modular.
-// b = False and y = sqrt(Z * (u / v)) otherwise.
+ * b = True and y = sqrt(u / v) if (u / v) is square in F, and
+ * b = False and y = sqrt(Z * (u / v)) otherwise.
+ * @param Fp
+ * @param Z
+ * @returns
+ */
 export function SWUFpSqrtRatio<T>(Fp: mod.IField<T>, Z: T) {
   // Generic implementation
   const q = Fp.ORDER;
   let l = _0n;
   for (let o = q - _1n; o % _2n === _0n; o /= _2n) l += _1n;
   const c1 = l; // 1. c1, the largest integer such that 2^c1 divides q - 1.
-  const c2 = (q - _1n) / _2n ** c1; // 2. c2 = (q - 1) / (2^c1)        # Integer arithmetic
+  // We need 2n ** c1 and 2n ** (c1-1). We can't use **; but we can use <<.
+  // 2n ** c1 == 2n << (c1-1)
+  const _2n_pow_c1_1 = _2n << (c1 - _1n - _1n);
+  const _2n_pow_c1 = _2n_pow_c1_1 * _2n;
+  const c2 = (q - _1n) / _2n_pow_c1; // 2. c2 = (q - 1) / (2^c1)  # Integer arithmetic
   const c3 = (c2 - _1n) / _2n; // 3. c3 = (c2 - 1) / 2            # Integer arithmetic
-  const c4 = _2n ** c1 - _1n; // 4. c4 = 2^c1 - 1                # Integer arithmetic
+  const c4 = _2n_pow_c1 - _1n; // 4. c4 = 2^c1 - 1                # Integer arithmetic
-  const c5 = _2n ** (c1 - _1n); // 5. c5 = 2^(c1 - 1)              # Integer arithmetic
+  const c5 = _2n_pow_c1_1; // 5. c5 = 2^(c1 - 1)                  # Integer arithmetic
   const c6 = Fp.pow(Z, c2); // 6. c6 = Z^c2
   const c7 = Fp.pow(Z, (c2 + _1n) / _2n); // 7. c7 = Z^((c2 + 1) / 2)
   let sqrtRatio = (u: T, v: T): { isValid: boolean; value: T } => {
@@ -1119,7 +1152,8 @@ export function SWUFpSqrtRatio<T>(Fp: mod.IField<T>, Z: T) {
     tv4 = Fp.cmov(tv5, tv4, isQR); // 16. tv4 = CMOV(tv5, tv4, isQR)
     // 17. for i in (c1, c1 - 1, ..., 2):
     for (let i = c1; i > _1n; i--) {
-      let tv5 = _2n ** (i - _2n); // 18.    tv5 = i - 2;    19.    tv5 = 2^tv5
+      let tv5 = i - _2n; // 18.    tv5 = i - 2
+      tv5 = _2n << (tv5 - _1n); // 19.    tv5 = 2^tv5
       let tvv5 = Fp.pow(tv4, tv5); // 20.    tv5 = tv4^tv5
       const e1 = Fp.eql(tvv5, Fp.ONE); // 21.    e1 = tv5 == 1
       tv2 = Fp.mul(tv3, tv1); // 22.    tv2 = tv3 * tv1
@@ -1151,7 +1185,10 @@ export function SWUFpSqrtRatio<T>(Fp: mod.IField<T>, Z: T) {
   // if (Fp.ORDER % _8n === _5n) // sqrt_ratio_5mod8
   return sqrtRatio;
 }
-// From draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve-16
+/**
+ * Simplified Shallue-van de Woestijne-Ulas Method
+ * https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#section-6.6.2
+ */
 export function mapToCurveSimpleSWU<T>(
   Fp: mod.IField<T>,
   opts: {

src/bls12-381.ts

@@ -1,15 +1,9 @@
 /*! noble-curves - MIT License (c) 2022 Paul Miller (paulmillr.com) */
 
-// bls12-381 pairing-friendly Barreto-Lynn-Scott elliptic curve construction allows to:
+// bls12-381 is pairing-friendly Barreto-Lynn-Scott elliptic curve construction allowing to:
-// - Construct zk-SNARKs at the 128-bit security
+// - Construct zk-SNARKs at the 120-bit security
-// - Use threshold signatures, which allows a user to sign lots of messages with one signature and
+// - Efficiently verify N aggregate signatures with 1 pairing and N ec additions:
-//   verify them swiftly in a batch, using Boneh-Lynn-Shacham signature scheme.
+//   the Boneh-Lynn-Shacham signature scheme is orders of magnitude more efficient than Schnorr
-//
-// The library uses G1 for public keys and G2 for signatures. Support for G1 signatures is planned.
-// Compatible with Algorand, Chia, Dfinity, Ethereum, FIL, Zcash. Matches specs
-// [pairing-curves-11](https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-pairing-friendly-curves-11),
-// [bls-sigs-04](https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-bls-signature-04),
-// [hash-to-curve-12](https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve-12).
 //
 // ### Summary
 // 1. BLS Relies on Bilinear Pairing (expensive)
@@ -25,8 +19,17 @@
 // - `S = pk x H(m)` - signing
 // - `e(P, H(m)) == e(G, S)` - verification using pairings
 // - `e(G, S) = e(G, SUM(n)(Si)) = MUL(n)(e(G, Si))` - signature aggregation
-// Filecoin uses little endian byte arrays for private keys -
+//
-// so ensure to reverse byte order if you'll use it with FIL.
+// ### Compatibility and notes
+// 1. It is compatible with Algorand, Chia, Dfinity, Ethereum, Filecoin, ZEC
+//    Filecoin uses little endian byte arrays for private keys - make sure to reverse byte order.
+// 2. Some projects use G2 for public keys and G1 for signatures. It's called "short signature"
+// 3. Curve security level is about 120 bits as per Barbulescu-Duquesne 2017
+//    https://hal.science/hal-01534101/file/main.pdf
+// 4. Compatible with specs:
+// [cfrg-pairing-friendly-curves-11](https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-pairing-friendly-curves-11),
+// [cfrg-bls-signature-05](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-bls-signature-05),
+// [RFC 9380](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380).
 import { sha256 } from '@noble/hashes/sha256';
 import { randomBytes } from '@noble/hashes/utils';
 import { bls, CurveFn } from './abstract/bls.js';
@@ -37,7 +40,6 @@ import {
   numberToBytesBE,
   bytesToNumberBE,
   bitLen,
-  bitSet,
   bitGet,
   Hex,
   bitMask,
@@ -60,11 +62,10 @@ const _8n = BigInt(8), _16n = BigInt(16);
 
 // CURVE FIELDS
 // Finite field over p.
-const Fp = mod.Field(
+const Fp_raw = BigInt(
-  BigInt(
+  '0x1a0111ea397fe69a4b1ba7b6434bacd764774b84f38512bf6730d2a0f6b0f6241eabfffeb153ffffb9feffffffffaaab'
-    '0x1a0111ea397fe69a4b1ba7b6434bacd764774b84f38512bf6730d2a0f6b0f6241eabfffeb153ffffb9feffffffffaaab'
-  )
 );
+const Fp = mod.Field(Fp_raw);
 type Fp = bigint;
 // Finite field over r.
 // This particular field is not used anywhere in bls12-381, but it is still useful.
@@ -110,10 +111,7 @@ type Fp2Utils = {
 // G² - 1
 // h2q
 // NOTE: ORDER was wrong!
-const FP2_ORDER =
+const FP2_ORDER = Fp_raw * Fp_raw;
-  BigInt(
-    '0x1a0111ea397fe69a4b1ba7b6434bacd764774b84f38512bf6730d2a0f6b0f6241eabfffeb153ffffb9feffffffffaaab'
-  ) ** _2n;
 
 const Fp2: mod.IField<Fp2> & Fp2Utils = {
   ORDER: FP2_ORDER,
@@ -181,7 +179,7 @@ const Fp2: mod.IField<Fp2> & Fp2Utils = {
     if (im1 > im2 || (im1 === im2 && re1 > re2)) return x1;
     return x2;
   },
-  // Same as sgn0_fp2 in draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve-16
+  // Same as sgn0_m_eq_2 in RFC 9380
   isOdd: (x: Fp2) => {
     const { re: x0, im: x1 } = Fp2.reim(x);
     const sign_0 = x0 % _2n;
@@ -784,8 +782,7 @@ const FP12_FROBENIUS_COEFFICIENTS = [
 
 // HashToCurve
 
-// 3-isogeny map from E' to E
+// 3-isogeny map from E' to E https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#appendix-E.3
-// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve-11#appendix-E.3
 const isogenyMapG2 = isogenyMap(
   Fp2,
   [
@@ -989,7 +986,7 @@ function G2psi2(c: ProjConstructor<Fp2>, P: ProjPointType<Fp2>) {
 //
 // Parameter definitions are in section 5.3 of the spec unless otherwise noted.
 // Parameter values come from section 8.8.2 of the spec.
-// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve-11#section-8.8.2
+// https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#section-8.8.2
 //
 // Base field F is GF(p^m)
 // p = 0x1a0111ea397fe69a4b1ba7b6434bacd764774b84f38512bf6730d2a0f6b0f6241eabfffeb153ffffb9feffffffffaaab
@@ -1021,11 +1018,41 @@ const htfDefaults = Object.freeze({
 
 // Encoding utils
 // Point on G1 curve: (x, y)
-const C_BIT_POS = Fp.BITS; // C_bit, compression bit for serialization flag
+
-const I_BIT_POS = Fp.BITS + 1; // I_bit, point-at-infinity bit for serialization flag
-const S_BIT_POS = Fp.BITS + 2; // S_bit, sign bit for serialization flag
 // Compressed point of infinity
-const COMPRESSED_ZERO = Fp.toBytes(bitSet(bitSet(_0n, I_BIT_POS, true), S_BIT_POS, true)); // set compressed & point-at-infinity bits
+const COMPRESSED_ZERO = setMask(Fp.toBytes(_0n), { infinity: true, compressed: true }); // set compressed & point-at-infinity bits
+
+function parseMask(bytes: Uint8Array) {
+  // Copy, so we can remove mask data. It will be removed also later, when Fp.create will call modulo.
+  bytes = bytes.slice();
+  const mask = bytes[0] & 0b1110_0000;
+  const compressed = !!((mask >> 7) & 1); // compression bit (0b1000_0000)
+  const infinity = !!((mask >> 6) & 1); // point at infinity bit (0b0100_0000)
+  const sort = !!((mask >> 5) & 1); // sort bit (0b0010_0000)
+  bytes[0] &= 0b0001_1111; // clear mask (zero first 3 bits)
+  return { compressed, infinity, sort, value: bytes };
+}
+
+function setMask(
+  bytes: Uint8Array,
+  mask: { compressed?: boolean; infinity?: boolean; sort?: boolean }
+) {
+  if (bytes[0] & 0b1110_0000) throw new Error('setMask: non-empty mask');
+  if (mask.compressed) bytes[0] |= 0b1000_0000;
+  if (mask.infinity) bytes[0] |= 0b0100_0000;
+  if (mask.sort) bytes[0] |= 0b0010_0000;
+  return bytes;
+}
+
+function signatureG1ToRawBytes(point: ProjPointType<Fp>) {
+  point.assertValidity();
+  const isZero = point.equals(bls12_381.G1.ProjectivePoint.ZERO);
+  const { x, y } = point.toAffine();
+  if (isZero) return COMPRESSED_ZERO.slice();
+  const P = Fp.ORDER;
+  const sort = Boolean((y * _2n) / P);
+  return setMask(numberToBytesBE(x, Fp.BYTES), { compressed: true, sort });
+}
 
 function signatureG2ToRawBytes(point: ProjPointType<Fp2>) {
   // NOTE: by some reasons it was missed in bls12-381, looks like bug
@@ -1037,14 +1064,16 @@ function signatureG2ToRawBytes(point: ProjPointType<Fp2>) {
   const { re: x0, im: x1 } = Fp2.reim(x);
   const { re: y0, im: y1 } = Fp2.reim(y);
   const tmp = y1 > _0n ? y1 * _2n : y0 * _2n;
-  const aflag1 = Boolean((tmp / Fp.ORDER) & _1n);
+  const sort = Boolean((tmp / Fp.ORDER) & _1n);
-  const z1 = bitSet(bitSet(x1, 381, aflag1), S_BIT_POS, true);
   const z2 = x0;
-  return concatB(numberToBytesBE(z1, len), numberToBytesBE(z2, len));
+  return concatB(
+    setMask(numberToBytesBE(x1, len), { sort, compressed: true }),
+    numberToBytesBE(z2, len)
+  );
 }
 
 // To verify curve parameters, see pairing-friendly-curves spec:
-// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-pairing-friendly-curves-09
+// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-pairing-friendly-curves-11
 // Basic math is done over finite fields over p.
 // More complicated math is done over polynominal extension fields.
 // To simplify calculations in Fp12, we construct extension tower:
@@ -1079,7 +1108,7 @@ export const bls12_381: CurveFn<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12> = bls({
     ),
     a: Fp.ZERO,
     b: _4n,
-    htfDefaults: { ...htfDefaults, m: 1 },
+    htfDefaults: { ...htfDefaults, m: 1, DST: 'BLS_SIG_BLS12381G1_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_RO_NUL_' },
     wrapPrivateKey: true,
     allowInfinityPoint: true,
     // Checks is the point resides in prime-order subgroup.
@@ -1112,7 +1141,7 @@ export const bls12_381: CurveFn<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12> = bls({
     },
     // Clear cofactor of G1
     // https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/403
-    clearCofactor: (c, point) => {
+    clearCofactor: (_c, point) => {
       // return this.multiplyUnsafe(CURVE.h);
       return point.multiplyUnsafe(bls12_381.params.x).add(point); // x*P + P
     },
@@ -1121,26 +1150,30 @@ export const bls12_381: CurveFn<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12> = bls({
       return isogenyMapG1(x, y);
     },
     fromBytes: (bytes: Uint8Array): AffinePoint<Fp> => {
-      bytes = bytes.slice();
+      const { compressed, infinity, sort, value } = parseMask(bytes);
-      if (bytes.length === 48) {
+      if (value.length === 48 && compressed) {
         // TODO: Fp.bytes
         const P = Fp.ORDER;
-        const compressedValue = bytesToNumberBE(bytes);
+        const compressedValue = bytesToNumberBE(value);
-        const bflag = bitGet(compressedValue, I_BIT_POS);
         // Zero
-        if (bflag === _1n) return { x: _0n, y: _0n };
         const x = Fp.create(compressedValue & Fp.MASK);
+        if (infinity) {
+          if (x !== _0n) throw new Error('G1: non-empty compressed point at infinity');
+          return { x: _0n, y: _0n };
+        }
         const right = Fp.add(Fp.pow(x, _3n), Fp.create(bls12_381.params.G1b)); // y² = x³ + b
         let y = Fp.sqrt(right);
         if (!y) throw new Error('Invalid compressed G1 point');
-        const aflag = bitGet(compressedValue, C_BIT_POS);
+        if ((y * _2n) / P !== BigInt(sort)) y = Fp.neg(y);
-        if ((y * _2n) / P !== aflag) y = Fp.neg(y);
         return { x: Fp.create(x), y: Fp.create(y) };
-      } else if (bytes.length === 96) {
+      } else if (value.length === 96 && !compressed) {
         // Check if the infinity flag is set
-        if ((bytes[0] & (1 << 6)) !== 0) return bls12_381.G1.ProjectivePoint.ZERO.toAffine();
+        const x = bytesToNumberBE(value.subarray(0, Fp.BYTES));
-        const x = bytesToNumberBE(bytes.subarray(0, Fp.BYTES));
+        const y = bytesToNumberBE(value.subarray(Fp.BYTES));
-        const y = bytesToNumberBE(bytes.subarray(Fp.BYTES));
+        if (infinity) {
+          if (x !== _0n || y !== _0n) throw new Error('G1: non-empty point at infinity');
+          return bls12_381.G1.ProjectivePoint.ZERO.toAffine();
+        }
         return { x: Fp.create(x), y: Fp.create(y) };
       } else {
         throw new Error('Invalid point G1, expected 48/96 bytes');
@@ -1152,10 +1185,8 @@ export const bls12_381: CurveFn<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12> = bls({
       if (isCompressed) {
         if (isZero) return COMPRESSED_ZERO.slice();
         const P = Fp.ORDER;
-        let num;
+        const sort = Boolean((y * _2n) / P);
-        num = bitSet(x, C_BIT_POS, Boolean((y * _2n) / P)); // set aflag
+        return setMask(numberToBytesBE(x, Fp.BYTES), { compressed: true, sort });
-        num = bitSet(num, S_BIT_POS, true);
-        return numberToBytesBE(num, Fp.BYTES);
       } else {
         if (isZero) {
           // 2x PUBLIC_KEY_LENGTH
@@ -1166,6 +1197,30 @@ export const bls12_381: CurveFn<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12> = bls({
         }
       }
     },
+    ShortSignature: {
+      fromHex(hex: Hex): ProjPointType<Fp> {
+        const { infinity, sort, value } = parseMask(ensureBytes('signatureHex', hex, 48));
+        const P = Fp.ORDER;
+        const compressedValue = bytesToNumberBE(value);
+        // Zero
+        if (infinity) return bls12_381.G1.ProjectivePoint.ZERO;
+        const x = Fp.create(compressedValue & Fp.MASK);
+        const right = Fp.add(Fp.pow(x, _3n), Fp.create(bls12_381.params.G1b)); // y² = x³ + b
+        let y = Fp.sqrt(right);
+        if (!y) throw new Error('Invalid compressed G1 point');
+        const aflag = BigInt(sort);
+        if ((y * _2n) / P !== aflag) y = Fp.neg(y);
+        const point = bls12_381.G1.ProjectivePoint.fromAffine({ x, y });
+        point.assertValidity();
+        return point;
+      },
+      toRawBytes(point: ProjPointType<Fp>) {
+        return signatureG1ToRawBytes(point);
+      },
+      toHex(point: ProjPointType<Fp>) {
+        return bytesToHex(signatureG1ToRawBytes(point));
+      },
+    },
   },
   // G2 is the order-q subgroup of E2(Fp²) : y² = x³+4(1+√−1),
   // where Fp2 is Fp[√−1]/(x2+1). #E2(Fp2 ) = h2q, where
@@ -1197,7 +1252,7 @@ export const bls12_381: CurveFn<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12> = bls({
       ),
     ]),
     a: Fp2.ZERO,
-    b: Fp2.fromBigTuple([4n, _4n]),
+    b: Fp2.fromBigTuple([_4n, _4n]),
     hEff: BigInt(
       '0xbc69f08f2ee75b3584c6a0ea91b352888e2a8e9145ad7689986ff031508ffe1329c2f178731db956d82bf015d1212b02ec0ec69d7477c1ae954cbc06689f6a359894c0adebbf6b4e8020005aaa95551'
     ),
@@ -1237,45 +1292,45 @@ export const bls12_381: CurveFn<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12> = bls({
       return Q;                               // [x²-x-1]P + [x-1]Ψ(P) + Ψ²(2P)
     },
     fromBytes: (bytes: Uint8Array): AffinePoint<Fp2> => {
-      bytes = bytes.slice();
+      const { compressed, infinity, sort, value } = parseMask(bytes);
-      const m_byte = bytes[0] & 0xe0;
+      if (
-      if (m_byte === 0x20 || m_byte === 0x60 || m_byte === 0xe0) {
+        (!compressed && !infinity && sort) || // 00100000
-        throw new Error('Invalid encoding flag: ' + m_byte);
+        (!compressed && infinity && sort) || // 01100000
+        (sort && infinity && compressed) // 11100000
+      ) {
+        throw new Error('Invalid encoding flag: ' + (bytes[0] & 0b1110_0000));
       }
-      const bitC = m_byte & 0x80; // compression bit
-      const bitI = m_byte & 0x40; // point at infinity bit
-      const bitS = m_byte & 0x20; // sign bit
       const L = Fp.BYTES;
       const slc = (b: Uint8Array, from: number, to?: number) => bytesToNumberBE(b.slice(from, to));
-      if (bytes.length === 96 && bitC) {
+      if (value.length === 96 && compressed) {
         const b = bls12_381.params.G2b;
         const P = Fp.ORDER;
-
+        if (infinity) {
-        bytes[0] = bytes[0] & 0x1f; // clear flags
-        if (bitI) {
           // check that all bytes are 0
-          if (bytes.reduce((p, c) => (p !== 0 ? c + 1 : c), 0) > 0) {
+          if (value.reduce((p, c) => (p !== 0 ? c + 1 : c), 0) > 0) {
             throw new Error('Invalid compressed G2 point');
           }
           return { x: Fp2.ZERO, y: Fp2.ZERO };
         }
-        const x_1 = slc(bytes, 0, L);
+        const x_1 = slc(value, 0, L);
-        const x_0 = slc(bytes, L, 2 * L);
+        const x_0 = slc(value, L, 2 * L);
         const x = Fp2.create({ c0: Fp.create(x_0), c1: Fp.create(x_1) });
         const right = Fp2.add(Fp2.pow(x, _3n), b); // y² = x³ + 4 * (u+1) = x³ + b
         let y = Fp2.sqrt(right);
         const Y_bit = y.c1 === _0n ? (y.c0 * _2n) / P : (y.c1 * _2n) / P ? _1n : _0n;
-        y = bitS > 0 && Y_bit > 0 ? y : Fp2.neg(y);
+        y = sort && Y_bit > 0 ? y : Fp2.neg(y);
         return { x, y };
-      } else if (bytes.length === 192 && !bitC) {
+      } else if (value.length === 192 && !compressed) {
-        // Check if the infinity flag is set
+        if (infinity) {
-        if ((bytes[0] & (1 << 6)) !== 0) {
+          if (value.reduce((p, c) => (p !== 0 ? c + 1 : c), 0) > 0) {
+            throw new Error('Invalid uncompressed G2 point');
+          }
           return { x: Fp2.ZERO, y: Fp2.ZERO };
         }
-        const x1 = slc(bytes, 0, L);
+        const x1 = slc(value, 0, L);
-        const x0 = slc(bytes, L, 2 * L);
+        const x0 = slc(value, L, 2 * L);
-        const y1 = slc(bytes, 2 * L, 3 * L);
+        const y1 = slc(value, 2 * L, 3 * L);
-        const y0 = slc(bytes, 3 * L, 4 * L);
+        const y0 = slc(value, 3 * L, 4 * L);
         return { x: Fp2.fromBigTuple([x0, x1]), y: Fp2.fromBigTuple([y0, y1]) };
       } else {
         throw new Error('Invalid point G2, expected 96/192 bytes');
@@ -1288,10 +1343,10 @@ export const bls12_381: CurveFn<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12> = bls({
       if (isCompressed) {
         if (isZero) return concatB(COMPRESSED_ZERO, numberToBytesBE(_0n, len));
         const flag = Boolean(y.c1 === _0n ? (y.c0 * _2n) / P : (y.c1 * _2n) / P);
-        // set compressed & sign bits (looks like different offsets than for G1/Fp?)
+        return concatB(
-        let x_1 = bitSet(x.c1, C_BIT_POS, flag);
+          setMask(numberToBytesBE(x.c1, len), { compressed: true, sort: flag }),
-        x_1 = bitSet(x_1, S_BIT_POS, true);
+          numberToBytesBE(x.c0, len)
-        return concatB(numberToBytesBE(x_1, len), numberToBytesBE(x.c0, len));
+        );
       } else {
         if (isZero) return concatB(new Uint8Array([0x40]), new Uint8Array(4 * len - 1)); // bytes[0] |= 1 << 6;
         const { re: x0, im: x1 } = Fp2.reim(x);
@@ -1307,17 +1362,15 @@ export const bls12_381: CurveFn<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12> = bls({
     Signature: {
       // TODO: Optimize, it's very slow because of sqrt.
       fromHex(hex: Hex): ProjPointType<Fp2> {
-        hex = ensureBytes('signatureHex', hex);
+        const { infinity, sort, value } = parseMask(ensureBytes('signatureHex', hex));
         const P = Fp.ORDER;
-        const half = hex.length / 2;
+        const half = value.length / 2;
         if (half !== 48 && half !== 96)
           throw new Error('Invalid compressed signature length, must be 96 or 192');
-        const z1 = bytesToNumberBE(hex.slice(0, half));
+        const z1 = bytesToNumberBE(value.slice(0, half));
-        const z2 = bytesToNumberBE(hex.slice(half));
+        const z2 = bytesToNumberBE(value.slice(half));
         // Indicates the infinity point
-        const bflag1 = bitGet(z1, I_BIT_POS);
+        if (infinity) return bls12_381.G2.ProjectivePoint.ZERO;
-        if (bflag1 === _1n) return bls12_381.G2.ProjectivePoint.ZERO;
-
         const x1 = Fp.create(z1 & Fp.MASK);
         const x2 = Fp.create(z2);
         const x = Fp2.create({ c0: x2, c1: x1 });
@@ -1329,7 +1382,7 @@ export const bls12_381: CurveFn<Fp, Fp2, Fp6, Fp12> = bls({
         // Choose the y whose leftmost bit of the imaginary part is equal to the a_flag1
         // If y1 happens to be zero, then use the bit of y0
         const { re: y0, im: y1 } = Fp2.reim(y);
-        const aflag1 = bitGet(z1, 381);
+        const aflag1 = BigInt(sort);
         const isGreater = y1 > _0n && (y1 * _2n) / P !== aflag1;
         const isZero = y1 === _0n && (y0 * _2n) / P !== aflag1;
         if (isGreater || isZero) y = Fp2.neg(y);

src/bn254.ts

@@ -6,8 +6,9 @@ import { Field } from './abstract/modular.js';
 /**
  * bn254 pairing-friendly curve.
  * Previously known as alt_bn_128, when it had 128-bit security.
- * Recent research shown it's weaker, the naming has been adjusted to its prime bit count.
+ * Barbulescu-Duquesne 2017 shown it's weaker: just about 100 bits,
- * https://github.com/zcash/zcash/issues/2502
+ * so the naming has been adjusted to its prime bit count
+ * https://hal.science/hal-01534101/file/main.pdf
  */
 export const bn254 = weierstrass({
   a: BigInt(0),

src/ed25519.ts

@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 /*! noble-curves - MIT License (c) 2022 Paul Miller (paulmillr.com) */
 import { sha512 } from '@noble/hashes/sha512';
 import { concatBytes, randomBytes, utf8ToBytes } from '@noble/hashes/utils';
-import { twistedEdwards, ExtPointType } from './abstract/edwards.js';
+import { ExtPointType, twistedEdwards } from './abstract/edwards.js';
 import { montgomery } from './abstract/montgomery.js';
-import { mod, pow2, isNegativeLE, Field, FpSqrtEven } from './abstract/modular.js';
+import { Field, FpSqrtEven, isNegativeLE, mod, pow2 } from './abstract/modular.js';
 import {
-  equalBytes,
   bytesToHex,
   bytesToNumberLE,
-  numberToBytesLE,
-  Hex,
   ensureBytes,
+  equalBytes,
+  Hex,
+  numberToBytesLE,
 } from './abstract/utils.js';
-import * as htf from './abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
+import { createHasher, htfBasicOpts, expand_message_xmd } from './abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
-import { AffinePoint } from './abstract/curve.js';
+import { AffinePoint, Group } from './abstract/curve.js';
 
 /**
  * ed25519 Twisted Edwards curve with following addons:
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ const ED25519_SQRT_M1 = BigInt(
 const _0n = BigInt(0), _1n = BigInt(1), _2n = BigInt(2), _5n = BigInt(5);
 // prettier-ignore
 const _10n = BigInt(10), _20n = BigInt(20), _40n = BigInt(40), _80n = BigInt(80);
+
 function ed25519_pow_2_252_3(x: bigint) {
   const P = ED25519_P;
   const x2 = (x * x) % P;
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ function ed25519_pow_2_252_3(x: bigint) {
   // ^ To pow to (p+3)/8, multiply it by x.
   return { pow_p_5_8, b2 };
 }
+
 function adjustScalarBytes(bytes: Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
   // Section 5: For X25519, in order to decode 32 random bytes as an integer scalar,
   // set the three least significant bits of the first byte
@@ -61,6 +63,7 @@ function adjustScalarBytes(bytes: Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
   bytes[31] |= 64; // 0b0100_0000
   return bytes;
 }
+
 // sqrt(u/v)
 function uvRatio(u: bigint, v: bigint): { isValid: boolean; value: bigint } {
   const P = ED25519_P;
@@ -101,10 +104,10 @@ const ed25519Defaults = {
   // d is equal to -121665/121666 over finite field.
   // Negative number is P - number, and division is invert(number, P)
   d: BigInt('37095705934669439343138083508754565189542113879843219016388785533085940283555'),
-  // Finite field 𝔽p over which we'll do calculations; 2n ** 255n - 19n
+  // Finite field 𝔽p over which we'll do calculations; 2n**255n - 19n
   Fp,
   // Subgroup order: how many points curve has
-  // 2n ** 252n + 27742317777372353535851937790883648493n;
+  // 2n**252n + 27742317777372353535851937790883648493n;
   n: BigInt('7237005577332262213973186563042994240857116359379907606001950938285454250989'),
   // Cofactor
   h: BigInt(8),
@@ -120,7 +123,8 @@ const ed25519Defaults = {
   uvRatio,
 } as const;
 
-export const ed25519 = twistedEdwards(ed25519Defaults);
+export const ed25519 = /* @__PURE__ */ twistedEdwards(ed25519Defaults);
+
 function ed25519_domain(data: Uint8Array, ctx: Uint8Array, phflag: boolean) {
   if (ctx.length > 255) throw new Error('Context is too big');
   return concatBytes(
@@ -130,41 +134,60 @@ function ed25519_domain(data: Uint8Array, ctx: Uint8Array, phflag: boolean) {
     data
   );
 }
-export const ed25519ctx = twistedEdwards({ ...ed25519Defaults, domain: ed25519_domain });
+
-export const ed25519ph = twistedEdwards({
+export const ed25519ctx = /* @__PURE__ */ twistedEdwards({
+  ...ed25519Defaults,
+  domain: ed25519_domain,
+});
+export const ed25519ph = /* @__PURE__ */ twistedEdwards({
   ...ed25519Defaults,
   domain: ed25519_domain,
   prehash: sha512,
 });
 
-export const x25519 = montgomery({
+export const x25519 = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
-  P: ED25519_P,
+  montgomery({
-  a: BigInt(486662),
+    P: ED25519_P,
-  montgomeryBits: 255, // n is 253 bits
+    a: BigInt(486662),
-  nByteLength: 32,
+    montgomeryBits: 255, // n is 253 bits
-  Gu: BigInt(9),
+    nByteLength: 32,
-  powPminus2: (x: bigint): bigint => {
+    Gu: BigInt(9),
-    const P = ED25519_P;
+    powPminus2: (x: bigint): bigint => {
-    // x^(p-2) aka x^(2^255-21)
+      const P = ED25519_P;
-    const { pow_p_5_8, b2 } = ed25519_pow_2_252_3(x);
+      // x^(p-2) aka x^(2^255-21)
-    return mod(pow2(pow_p_5_8, BigInt(3), P) * b2, P);
+      const { pow_p_5_8, b2 } = ed25519_pow_2_252_3(x);
-  },
+      return mod(pow2(pow_p_5_8, BigInt(3), P) * b2, P);
-  adjustScalarBytes,
+    },
-  randomBytes,
+    adjustScalarBytes,
-});
+    randomBytes,
+  }))();
 
 /**
  * Converts ed25519 public key to x25519 public key. Uses formula:
  * * `(u, v) = ((1+y)/(1-y), sqrt(-486664)*u/x)`
  * * `(x, y) = (sqrt(-486664)*u/v, (u-1)/(u+1))`
  * @example
- *   const aPub = ed25519.getPublicKey(utils.randomPrivateKey());
+ *   const someonesPub = ed25519.getPublicKey(ed25519.utils.randomPrivateKey());
- *   x25519.getSharedSecret(edwardsToMontgomery(aPub), edwardsToMontgomery(someonesPub))
+ *   const aPriv = x25519.utils.randomPrivateKey();
+ *   x25519.getSharedSecret(aPriv, edwardsToMontgomeryPub(someonesPub))
  */
-export function edwardsToMontgomery(edwardsPub: Hex): Uint8Array {
+export function edwardsToMontgomeryPub(edwardsPub: Hex): Uint8Array {
   const { y } = ed25519.ExtendedPoint.fromHex(edwardsPub);
   const _1n = BigInt(1);
-  return Fp.toBytes(Fp.create((y - _1n) * Fp.inv(y + _1n)));
+  return Fp.toBytes(Fp.create((_1n + y) * Fp.inv(_1n - y)));
+}
+export const edwardsToMontgomery = edwardsToMontgomeryPub; // deprecated
+
+/**
+ * Converts ed25519 secret key to x25519 secret key.
+ * @example
+ *   const someonesPub = x25519.getPublicKey(x25519.utils.randomPrivateKey());
+ *   const aPriv = ed25519.utils.randomPrivateKey();
+ *   x25519.getSharedSecret(edwardsToMontgomeryPriv(aPriv), someonesPub)
+ */
+export function edwardsToMontgomeryPriv(edwardsPriv: Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
+  const hashed = ed25519Defaults.hash(edwardsPriv.subarray(0, 32));
+  return ed25519Defaults.adjustScalarBytes(hashed).subarray(0, 32);
 }
 
 // Hash To Curve Elligator2 Map (NOTE: different from ristretto255 elligator)
@@ -223,7 +246,8 @@ function map_to_curve_elligator2_curve25519(u: bigint) {
 
 const ELL2_C1_EDWARDS = FpSqrtEven(Fp, Fp.neg(BigInt(486664))); // sgn0(c1) MUST equal 0
 function map_to_curve_elligator2_edwards25519(u: bigint) {
-  const { xMn, xMd, yMn, yMd } = map_to_curve_elligator2_curve25519(u); //  1.  (xMn, xMd, yMn, yMd) = map_to_curve_elligator2_curve25519(u)
+  const { xMn, xMd, yMn, yMd } = map_to_curve_elligator2_curve25519(u); //  1.  (xMn, xMd, yMn, yMd) =
+  // map_to_curve_elligator2_curve25519(u)
   let xn = Fp.mul(xMn, yMd); //  2.  xn = xMn * yMd
   xn = Fp.mul(xn, ELL2_C1_EDWARDS); //  3.  xn = xn * c1
   let xd = Fp.mul(xMd, yMn); //  4.  xd = xMd * yMn    # xn / xd = c1 * xM / yM
@@ -239,28 +263,30 @@ function map_to_curve_elligator2_edwards25519(u: bigint) {
   const inv = Fp.invertBatch([xd, yd]); // batch division
   return { x: Fp.mul(xn, inv[0]), y: Fp.mul(yn, inv[1]) }; //  13. return (xn, xd, yn, yd)
 }
-const { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve } = htf.createHasher(
+
-  ed25519.ExtendedPoint,
+const htf = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
-  (scalars: bigint[]) => map_to_curve_elligator2_edwards25519(scalars[0]),
+  createHasher(
-  {
+    ed25519.ExtendedPoint,
-    DST: 'edwards25519_XMD:SHA-512_ELL2_RO_',
+    (scalars: bigint[]) => map_to_curve_elligator2_edwards25519(scalars[0]),
-    encodeDST: 'edwards25519_XMD:SHA-512_ELL2_NU_',
+    {
-    p: Fp.ORDER,
+      DST: 'edwards25519_XMD:SHA-512_ELL2_RO_',
-    m: 1,
+      encodeDST: 'edwards25519_XMD:SHA-512_ELL2_NU_',
-    k: 128,
+      p: Fp.ORDER,
-    expand: 'xmd',
+      m: 1,
-    hash: sha512,
+      k: 128,
-  }
+      expand: 'xmd',
-);
+      hash: sha512,
-export { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve };
+    }
+  ))();
+export const hashToCurve = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => htf.hashToCurve)();
+export const encodeToCurve = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => htf.encodeToCurve)();
 
 function assertRstPoint(other: unknown) {
-  if (!(other instanceof RistrettoPoint)) throw new Error('RistrettoPoint expected');
+  if (!(other instanceof RistPoint)) throw new Error('RistrettoPoint expected');
 }
+
 // √(-1) aka √(a) aka 2^((p-1)/4)
-const SQRT_M1 = BigInt(
+const SQRT_M1 = ED25519_SQRT_M1;
-  '19681161376707505956807079304988542015446066515923890162744021073123829784752'
-);
 // √(ad - 1)
 const SQRT_AD_MINUS_ONE = BigInt(
   '25063068953384623474111414158702152701244531502492656460079210482610430750235'
@@ -317,32 +343,31 @@ function calcElligatorRistrettoMap(r0: bigint): ExtendedPoint {
  * but it should work in its own namespace: do not combine those two.
  * https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-ristretto255-decaf448
  */
-export class RistrettoPoint {
+class RistPoint implements Group<RistPoint> {
-  static BASE = new RistrettoPoint(ed25519.ExtendedPoint.BASE);
+  static BASE: RistPoint;
-  static ZERO = new RistrettoPoint(ed25519.ExtendedPoint.ZERO);
+  static ZERO: RistPoint;
-
   // Private property to discourage combining ExtendedPoint + RistrettoPoint
   // Always use Ristretto encoding/decoding instead.
   constructor(private readonly ep: ExtendedPoint) {}
 
   static fromAffine(ap: AffinePoint<bigint>) {
-    return new RistrettoPoint(ed25519.ExtendedPoint.fromAffine(ap));
+    return new RistPoint(ed25519.ExtendedPoint.fromAffine(ap));
   }
 
   /**
-   * Takes uniform output of 64-bit hash function like sha512 and converts it to `RistrettoPoint`.
+   * Takes uniform output of 64-byte hash function like sha512 and converts it to `RistrettoPoint`.
    * The hash-to-group operation applies Elligator twice and adds the results.
    * **Note:** this is one-way map, there is no conversion from point to hash.
    * https://ristretto.group/formulas/elligator.html
-   * @param hex 64-bit output of a hash function
+   * @param hex 64-byte output of a hash function
    */
-  static hashToCurve(hex: Hex): RistrettoPoint {
+  static hashToCurve(hex: Hex): RistPoint {
     hex = ensureBytes('ristrettoHash', hex, 64);
     const r1 = bytes255ToNumberLE(hex.slice(0, 32));
     const R1 = calcElligatorRistrettoMap(r1);
     const r2 = bytes255ToNumberLE(hex.slice(32, 64));
     const R2 = calcElligatorRistrettoMap(r2);
-    return new RistrettoPoint(R1.add(R2));
+    return new RistPoint(R1.add(R2));
   }
 
   /**
@@ -350,7 +375,7 @@ export class RistrettoPoint {
    * https://ristretto.group/formulas/decoding.html
    * @param hex Ristretto-encoded 32 bytes. Not every 32-byte string is valid ristretto encoding
    */
-  static fromHex(hex: Hex): RistrettoPoint {
+  static fromHex(hex: Hex): RistPoint {
     hex = ensureBytes('ristrettoHex', hex, 32);
     const { a, d } = ed25519.CURVE;
     const P = ed25519.CURVE.Fp.ORDER;
@@ -374,7 +399,7 @@ export class RistrettoPoint {
     const y = mod(u1 * Dy); // 11
     const t = mod(x * y); // 12
     if (!isValid || isNegativeLE(t, P) || y === _0n) throw new Error(emsg);
-    return new RistrettoPoint(new ed25519.ExtendedPoint(x, y, _1n, t));
+    return new RistPoint(new ed25519.ExtendedPoint(x, y, _1n, t));
   }
 
   /**
@@ -418,7 +443,7 @@ export class RistrettoPoint {
   }
 
   // Compare one point to another.
-  equals(other: RistrettoPoint): boolean {
+  equals(other: RistPoint): boolean {
     assertRstPoint(other);
     const { ex: X1, ey: Y1 } = this.ep;
     const { ex: X2, ey: Y2 } = other.ep;
@@ -429,31 +454,44 @@ export class RistrettoPoint {
     return one || two;
   }
 
-  add(other: RistrettoPoint): RistrettoPoint {
+  add(other: RistPoint): RistPoint {
     assertRstPoint(other);
-    return new RistrettoPoint(this.ep.add(other.ep));
+    return new RistPoint(this.ep.add(other.ep));
   }
 
-  subtract(other: RistrettoPoint): RistrettoPoint {
+  subtract(other: RistPoint): RistPoint {
     assertRstPoint(other);
-    return new RistrettoPoint(this.ep.subtract(other.ep));
+    return new RistPoint(this.ep.subtract(other.ep));
   }
 
-  multiply(scalar: bigint): RistrettoPoint {
+  multiply(scalar: bigint): RistPoint {
-    return new RistrettoPoint(this.ep.multiply(scalar));
+    return new RistPoint(this.ep.multiply(scalar));
   }
 
-  multiplyUnsafe(scalar: bigint): RistrettoPoint {
+  multiplyUnsafe(scalar: bigint): RistPoint {
-    return new RistrettoPoint(this.ep.multiplyUnsafe(scalar));
+    return new RistPoint(this.ep.multiplyUnsafe(scalar));
+  }
+
+  double(): RistPoint {
+    return new RistPoint(this.ep.double());
+  }
+
+  negate(): RistPoint {
+    return new RistPoint(this.ep.negate());
   }
 }
+export const RistrettoPoint = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => {
+  if (!RistPoint.BASE) RistPoint.BASE = new RistPoint(ed25519.ExtendedPoint.BASE);
+  if (!RistPoint.ZERO) RistPoint.ZERO = new RistPoint(ed25519.ExtendedPoint.ZERO);
+  return RistPoint;
+})();
 
-// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve/14/
+// Hashing to ristretto255. https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#appendix-B
-// Appendix B.  Hashing to ristretto255
+export const hashToRistretto255 = (msg: Uint8Array, options: htfBasicOpts) => {
-export const hash_to_ristretto255 = (msg: Uint8Array, options: htf.htfBasicOpts) => {
   const d = options.DST;
   const DST = typeof d === 'string' ? utf8ToBytes(d) : d;
-  const uniform_bytes = htf.expand_message_xmd(msg, DST, 64, sha512);
+  const uniform_bytes = expand_message_xmd(msg, DST, 64, sha512);
-  const P = RistrettoPoint.hashToCurve(uniform_bytes);
+  const P = RistPoint.hashToCurve(uniform_bytes);
   return P;
 };
+export const hash_to_ristretto255 = hashToRistretto255; // legacy

src/ed448.ts

@@ -1,14 +1,25 @@
 /*! noble-curves - MIT License (c) 2022 Paul Miller (paulmillr.com) */
 import { shake256 } from '@noble/hashes/sha3';
 import { concatBytes, randomBytes, utf8ToBytes, wrapConstructor } from '@noble/hashes/utils';
-import { twistedEdwards } from './abstract/edwards.js';
+import { ExtPointType, twistedEdwards } from './abstract/edwards.js';
-import { mod, pow2, Field } from './abstract/modular.js';
+import { mod, pow2, Field, isNegativeLE } from './abstract/modular.js';
 import { montgomery } from './abstract/montgomery.js';
-import * as htf from './abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
+import { createHasher, htfBasicOpts, expand_message_xof } from './abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
+import {
+  bytesToHex,
+  bytesToNumberLE,
+  ensureBytes,
+  equalBytes,
+  Hex,
+  numberToBytesLE,
+} from './abstract/utils.js';
+import { AffinePoint, Group } from './abstract/curve.js';
 
 /**
  * Edwards448 (not Ed448-Goldilocks) curve with following addons:
- * * X448 ECDH
+ * - X448 ECDH
+ * - Decaf cofactor elimination
+ * - Elligator hash-to-group / point indistinguishability
  * Conforms to RFC 8032 https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8032.html#section-5.2
  */
 
@@ -18,15 +29,16 @@ const ed448P = BigInt(
   '726838724295606890549323807888004534353641360687318060281490199180612328166730772686396383698676545930088884461843637361053498018365439'
 );
 
+// prettier-ignore
+const _1n = BigInt(1), _2n = BigInt(2), _3n = BigInt(3), _4n = BigInt(4), _11n = BigInt(11);
+// prettier-ignore
+const _22n = BigInt(22), _44n = BigInt(44), _88n = BigInt(88), _223n = BigInt(223);
+
 // powPminus3div4 calculates z = x^k mod p, where k = (p-3)/4.
 // Used for efficient square root calculation.
 // ((P-3)/4).toString(2) would produce bits [223x 1, 0, 222x 1]
 function ed448_pow_Pminus3div4(x: bigint): bigint {
   const P = ed448P;
-  // prettier-ignore
-  const _1n = BigInt(1), _2n = BigInt(2), _3n = BigInt(3), _11n = BigInt(11);
-  // prettier-ignore
-  const _22n = BigInt(22), _44n = BigInt(44), _88n = BigInt(88), _223n = BigInt(223);
   const b2 = (x * x * x) % P;
   const b3 = (b2 * b2 * x) % P;
   const b6 = (pow2(b3, _3n, P) * b3) % P;
@@ -53,8 +65,29 @@ function adjustScalarBytes(bytes: Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
   return bytes;
 }
 
+// Constant-time ratio of u to v. Allows to combine inversion and square root u/√v.
+// Uses algo from RFC8032 5.1.3.
+function uvRatio(u: bigint, v: bigint): { isValid: boolean; value: bigint } {
+  const P = ed448P;
+  // https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8032#section-5.2.3
+  // To compute the square root of (u/v), the first step is to compute the
+  //   candidate root x = (u/v)^((p+1)/4).  This can be done using the
+  // following trick, to use a single modular powering for both the
+  // inversion of v and the square root:
+  // x = (u/v)^((p+1)/4)   = u³v(u⁵v³)^((p-3)/4)   (mod p)
+  const u2v = mod(u * u * v, P); // u²v
+  const u3v = mod(u2v * u, P); // u³v
+  const u5v3 = mod(u3v * u2v * v, P); // u⁵v³
+  const root = ed448_pow_Pminus3div4(u5v3);
+  const x = mod(u3v * root, P);
+  // Verify that root is exists
+  const x2 = mod(x * x, P); // x²
+  // If vx² = u, the recovered x-coordinate is x.  Otherwise, no
+  // square root exists, and the decoding fails.
+  return { isValid: mod(x2 * v, P) === u, value: x };
+}
+
 const Fp = Field(ed448P, 456, true);
-const _4n = BigInt(4);
 
 const ED448_DEF = {
   // Param: a
@@ -63,13 +96,14 @@ const ED448_DEF = {
   d: BigInt(
     '726838724295606890549323807888004534353641360687318060281490199180612328166730772686396383698676545930088884461843637361053498018326358'
   ),
-  // Finite field 𝔽p over which we'll do calculations; 2n ** 448n - 2n ** 224n - 1n
+  // Finite field 𝔽p over which we'll do calculations; 2n**448n - 2n**224n - 1n
   Fp,
   // Subgroup order: how many points curve has;
   // 2n**446n - 13818066809895115352007386748515426880336692474882178609894547503885n
   n: BigInt(
     '181709681073901722637330951972001133588410340171829515070372549795146003961539585716195755291692375963310293709091662304773755859649779'
   ),
+  // RFC 7748 has 56-byte keys, RFC 8032 has 57-byte keys
   nBitLength: 456,
   // Cofactor
   h: BigInt(4),
@@ -94,49 +128,30 @@ const ED448_DEF = {
       data
     );
   },
-
+  uvRatio,
-  // Constant-time ratio of u to v. Allows to combine inversion and square root u/√v.
-  // Uses algo from RFC8032 5.1.3.
-  uvRatio: (u: bigint, v: bigint): { isValid: boolean; value: bigint } => {
-    const P = ed448P;
-    // https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8032#section-5.2.3
-    // To compute the square root of (u/v), the first step is to compute the
-    //   candidate root x = (u/v)^((p+1)/4).  This can be done using the
-    // following trick, to use a single modular powering for both the
-    // inversion of v and the square root:
-    // x = (u/v)^((p+1)/4)   = u³v(u⁵v³)^((p-3)/4)   (mod p)
-    const u2v = mod(u * u * v, P); // u²v
-    const u3v = mod(u2v * u, P); // u³v
-    const u5v3 = mod(u3v * u2v * v, P); // u⁵v³
-    const root = ed448_pow_Pminus3div4(u5v3);
-    const x = mod(u3v * root, P);
-    // Verify that root is exists
-    const x2 = mod(x * x, P); // x²
-    // If vx² = u, the recovered x-coordinate is x.  Otherwise, no
-    // square root exists, and the decoding fails.
-    return { isValid: mod(x2 * v, P) === u, value: x };
-  },
 } as const;
 
-export const ed448 = twistedEdwards(ED448_DEF);
+export const ed448 = /* @__PURE__ */ twistedEdwards(ED448_DEF);
 // NOTE: there is no ed448ctx, since ed448 supports ctx by default
-export const ed448ph = twistedEdwards({ ...ED448_DEF, prehash: shake256_64 });
+export const ed448ph = /* @__PURE__ */ twistedEdwards({ ...ED448_DEF, prehash: shake256_64 });
 
-export const x448 = montgomery({
+export const x448 = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
-  a: BigInt(156326),
+  montgomery({
-  montgomeryBits: 448,
+    a: BigInt(156326),
-  nByteLength: 57,
+    // RFC 7748 has 56-byte keys, RFC 8032 has 57-byte keys
-  P: ed448P,
+    montgomeryBits: 448,
-  Gu: BigInt(5),
+    nByteLength: 56,
-  powPminus2: (x: bigint): bigint => {
+    P: ed448P,
-    const P = ed448P;
+    Gu: BigInt(5),
-    const Pminus3div4 = ed448_pow_Pminus3div4(x);
+    powPminus2: (x: bigint): bigint => {
-    const Pminus3 = pow2(Pminus3div4, BigInt(2), P);
+      const P = ed448P;
-    return mod(Pminus3 * x, P); // Pminus3 * x = Pminus2
+      const Pminus3div4 = ed448_pow_Pminus3div4(x);
-  },
+      const Pminus3 = pow2(Pminus3div4, BigInt(2), P);
-  adjustScalarBytes,
+      return mod(Pminus3 * x, P); // Pminus3 * x = Pminus2
-  randomBytes,
+    },
-});
+    adjustScalarBytes,
+    randomBytes,
+  }))();
 
 /**
  * Converts edwards448 public key to x448 public key. Uses formula:
@@ -146,15 +161,19 @@ export const x448 = montgomery({
  *   const aPub = ed448.getPublicKey(utils.randomPrivateKey());
  *   x448.getSharedSecret(edwardsToMontgomery(aPub), edwardsToMontgomery(someonesPub))
  */
-export function edwardsToMontgomery(edwardsPub: string | Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
+export function edwardsToMontgomeryPub(edwardsPub: string | Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
   const { y } = ed448.ExtendedPoint.fromHex(edwardsPub);
   const _1n = BigInt(1);
   return Fp.toBytes(Fp.create((y - _1n) * Fp.inv(y + _1n)));
 }
 
+export const edwardsToMontgomery = edwardsToMontgomeryPub; // deprecated
+// TODO: add edwardsToMontgomeryPriv, similar to ed25519 version
+
 // Hash To Curve Elligator2 Map
 const ELL2_C1 = (Fp.ORDER - BigInt(3)) / BigInt(4); // 1. c1 = (q - 3) / 4         # Integer arithmetic
 const ELL2_J = BigInt(156326);
+
 function map_to_curve_elligator2_curve448(u: bigint) {
   let tv1 = Fp.sqr(u); // 1.  tv1 = u^2
   let e1 = Fp.eql(tv1, Fp.ONE); // 2.   e1 = tv1 == 1
@@ -184,6 +203,7 @@ function map_to_curve_elligator2_curve448(u: bigint) {
   y = Fp.cmov(y, Fp.neg(y), e2 !== e3); // 26.   y = CMOV(y, -y, e2 XOR e3)
   return { xn, xd, yn: y, yd: Fp.ONE }; // 27. return (xn, xd, y, 1)
 }
+
 function map_to_curve_elligator2_edwards448(u: bigint) {
   let { xn, xd, yn, yd } = map_to_curve_elligator2_curve448(u); // 1. (xn, xd, yn, yd) = map_to_curve_elligator2_curve448(u)
   let xn2 = Fp.sqr(xn); // 2.  xn2 = xn^2
@@ -227,17 +247,234 @@ function map_to_curve_elligator2_edwards448(u: bigint) {
   return { x: Fp.mul(xEn, inv[0]), y: Fp.mul(yEn, inv[1]) }; // 38. return (xEn, xEd, yEn, yEd)
 }
 
-const { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve } = htf.createHasher(
+const htf = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
-  ed448.ExtendedPoint,
+  createHasher(
-  (scalars: bigint[]) => map_to_curve_elligator2_edwards448(scalars[0]),
+    ed448.ExtendedPoint,
-  {
+    (scalars: bigint[]) => map_to_curve_elligator2_edwards448(scalars[0]),
-    DST: 'edwards448_XOF:SHAKE256_ELL2_RO_',
+    {
-    encodeDST: 'edwards448_XOF:SHAKE256_ELL2_NU_',
+      DST: 'edwards448_XOF:SHAKE256_ELL2_RO_',
-    p: Fp.ORDER,
+      encodeDST: 'edwards448_XOF:SHAKE256_ELL2_NU_',
-    m: 1,
+      p: Fp.ORDER,
-    k: 224,
+      m: 1,
-    expand: 'xof',
+      k: 224,
-    hash: shake256,
+      expand: 'xof',
-  }
+      hash: shake256,
+    }
+  ))();
+export const hashToCurve = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => htf.hashToCurve)();
+export const encodeToCurve = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => htf.encodeToCurve)();
+
+function assertDcfPoint(other: unknown) {
+  if (!(other instanceof DcfPoint)) throw new Error('DecafPoint expected');
+}
+
+// 1-d
+const ONE_MINUS_D = BigInt('39082');
+// 1-2d
+const ONE_MINUS_TWO_D = BigInt('78163');
+// √(-d)
+const SQRT_MINUS_D = BigInt(
+  '98944233647732219769177004876929019128417576295529901074099889598043702116001257856802131563896515373927712232092845883226922417596214'
 );
-export { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve };
+// 1 / √(-d)
+const INVSQRT_MINUS_D = BigInt(
+  '315019913931389607337177038330951043522456072897266928557328499619017160722351061360252776265186336876723201881398623946864393857820716'
+);
+// Calculates 1/√(number)
+const invertSqrt = (number: bigint) => uvRatio(_1n, number);
+
+const MAX_448B = BigInt(
+  '0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff'
+);
+const bytes448ToNumberLE = (bytes: Uint8Array) =>
+  ed448.CURVE.Fp.create(bytesToNumberLE(bytes) & MAX_448B);
+
+type ExtendedPoint = ExtPointType;
+
+// Computes Elligator map for Decaf
+// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-ristretto255-decaf448-07#name-element-derivation-2
+function calcElligatorDecafMap(r0: bigint): ExtendedPoint {
+  const { d } = ed448.CURVE;
+  const P = ed448.CURVE.Fp.ORDER;
+  const mod = ed448.CURVE.Fp.create;
+
+  const r = mod(-(r0 * r0)); // 1
+  const u0 = mod(d * (r - _1n)); // 2
+  const u1 = mod((u0 + _1n) * (u0 - r)); // 3
+
+  const { isValid: was_square, value: v } = uvRatio(ONE_MINUS_TWO_D, mod((r + _1n) * u1)); // 4
+
+  let v_prime = v; // 5
+  if (!was_square) v_prime = mod(r0 * v);
+
+  let sgn = _1n; // 6
+  if (!was_square) sgn = mod(-_1n);
+
+  const s = mod(v_prime * (r + _1n)); // 7
+  let s_abs = s;
+  if (isNegativeLE(s, P)) s_abs = mod(-s);
+
+  const s2 = s * s;
+  const W0 = mod(s_abs * _2n); // 8
+  const W1 = mod(s2 + _1n); // 9
+  const W2 = mod(s2 - _1n); // 10
+  const W3 = mod(v_prime * s * (r - _1n) * ONE_MINUS_TWO_D + sgn); // 11
+  return new ed448.ExtendedPoint(mod(W0 * W3), mod(W2 * W1), mod(W1 * W3), mod(W0 * W2));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Each ed448/ExtendedPoint has 4 different equivalent points. This can be
+ * a source of bugs for protocols like ring signatures. Decaf was created to solve this.
+ * Decaf point operates in X:Y:Z:T extended coordinates like ExtendedPoint,
+ * but it should work in its own namespace: do not combine those two.
+ * https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-ristretto255-decaf448
+ */
+class DcfPoint implements Group<DcfPoint> {
+  static BASE: DcfPoint;
+  static ZERO: DcfPoint;
+  // Private property to discourage combining ExtendedPoint + DecafPoint
+  // Always use Decaf encoding/decoding instead.
+  constructor(private readonly ep: ExtendedPoint) {}
+
+  static fromAffine(ap: AffinePoint<bigint>) {
+    return new DcfPoint(ed448.ExtendedPoint.fromAffine(ap));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Takes uniform output of 112-byte hash function like shake256 and converts it to `DecafPoint`.
+   * The hash-to-group operation applies Elligator twice and adds the results.
+   * **Note:** this is one-way map, there is no conversion from point to hash.
+   * https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-ristretto255-decaf448-07#name-element-derivation-2
+   * @param hex 112-byte output of a hash function
+   */
+  static hashToCurve(hex: Hex): DcfPoint {
+    hex = ensureBytes('decafHash', hex, 112);
+    const r1 = bytes448ToNumberLE(hex.slice(0, 56));
+    const R1 = calcElligatorDecafMap(r1);
+    const r2 = bytes448ToNumberLE(hex.slice(56, 112));
+    const R2 = calcElligatorDecafMap(r2);
+    return new DcfPoint(R1.add(R2));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Converts decaf-encoded string to decaf point.
+   * https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-ristretto255-decaf448-07#name-decode-2
+   * @param hex Decaf-encoded 56 bytes. Not every 56-byte string is valid decaf encoding
+   */
+  static fromHex(hex: Hex): DcfPoint {
+    hex = ensureBytes('decafHex', hex, 56);
+    const { d } = ed448.CURVE;
+    const P = ed448.CURVE.Fp.ORDER;
+    const mod = ed448.CURVE.Fp.create;
+    const emsg = 'DecafPoint.fromHex: the hex is not valid encoding of DecafPoint';
+    const s = bytes448ToNumberLE(hex);
+
+    // 1. Check that s_bytes is the canonical encoding of a field element, or else abort.
+    // 2. Check that s is non-negative, or else abort
+    if (!equalBytes(numberToBytesLE(s, 56), hex) || isNegativeLE(s, P)) throw new Error(emsg);
+
+    const s2 = mod(s * s); // 1
+    const u1 = mod(_1n + s2); // 2
+    const u1sq = mod(u1 * u1);
+    const u2 = mod(u1sq - _4n * d * s2); // 3
+
+    const { isValid, value: invsqrt } = invertSqrt(mod(u2 * u1sq)); // 4
+
+    let u3 = mod((s + s) * invsqrt * u1 * SQRT_MINUS_D); // 5
+    if (isNegativeLE(u3, P)) u3 = mod(-u3);
+
+    const x = mod(u3 * invsqrt * u2 * INVSQRT_MINUS_D); // 6
+    const y = mod((_1n - s2) * invsqrt * u1); // 7
+    const t = mod(x * y); // 8
+
+    if (!isValid) throw new Error(emsg);
+    return new DcfPoint(new ed448.ExtendedPoint(x, y, _1n, t));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Encodes decaf point to Uint8Array.
+   * https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-ristretto255-decaf448-07#name-encode-2
+   */
+  toRawBytes(): Uint8Array {
+    let { ex: x, ey: _y, ez: z, et: t } = this.ep;
+    const P = ed448.CURVE.Fp.ORDER;
+    const mod = ed448.CURVE.Fp.create;
+
+    const u1 = mod(mod(x + t) * mod(x - t)); // 1
+    const x2 = mod(x * x);
+    const { value: invsqrt } = invertSqrt(mod(u1 * ONE_MINUS_D * x2)); // 2
+
+    let ratio = mod(invsqrt * u1 * SQRT_MINUS_D); // 3
+    if (isNegativeLE(ratio, P)) ratio = mod(-ratio);
+
+    const u2 = mod(INVSQRT_MINUS_D * ratio * z - t); // 4
+
+    let s = mod(ONE_MINUS_D * invsqrt * x * u2); // 5
+    if (isNegativeLE(s, P)) s = mod(-s);
+
+    return numberToBytesLE(s, 56);
+  }
+
+  toHex(): string {
+    return bytesToHex(this.toRawBytes());
+  }
+
+  toString(): string {
+    return this.toHex();
+  }
+
+  // Compare one point to another.
+  // https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-ristretto255-decaf448-07#name-equals-2
+  equals(other: DcfPoint): boolean {
+    assertDcfPoint(other);
+    const { ex: X1, ey: Y1 } = this.ep;
+    const { ex: X2, ey: Y2 } = other.ep;
+    const mod = ed448.CURVE.Fp.create;
+    // (x1 * y2 == y1 * x2)
+    return mod(X1 * Y2) === mod(Y1 * X2);
+  }
+
+  add(other: DcfPoint): DcfPoint {
+    assertDcfPoint(other);
+    return new DcfPoint(this.ep.add(other.ep));
+  }
+
+  subtract(other: DcfPoint): DcfPoint {
+    assertDcfPoint(other);
+    return new DcfPoint(this.ep.subtract(other.ep));
+  }
+
+  multiply(scalar: bigint): DcfPoint {
+    return new DcfPoint(this.ep.multiply(scalar));
+  }
+
+  multiplyUnsafe(scalar: bigint): DcfPoint {
+    return new DcfPoint(this.ep.multiplyUnsafe(scalar));
+  }
+
+  double(): DcfPoint {
+    return new DcfPoint(this.ep.double());
+  }
+
+  negate(): DcfPoint {
+    return new DcfPoint(this.ep.negate());
+  }
+}
+
+export const DecafPoint = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => {
+  // decaf448 base point is ed448 base x 2
+  // https://github.com/dalek-cryptography/curve25519-dalek/blob/59837c6ecff02b77b9d5ff84dbc239d0cf33ef90/vendor/ristretto.sage#L699
+  if (!DcfPoint.BASE) DcfPoint.BASE = new DcfPoint(ed448.ExtendedPoint.BASE).multiply(_2n);
+  if (!DcfPoint.ZERO) DcfPoint.ZERO = new DcfPoint(ed448.ExtendedPoint.ZERO);
+  return DcfPoint;
+})();
+
+// Hashing to decaf448. https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#appendix-C
+export const hashToDecaf448 = (msg: Uint8Array, options: htfBasicOpts) => {
+  const d = options.DST;
+  const DST = typeof d === 'string' ? utf8ToBytes(d) : d;
+  const uniform_bytes = expand_message_xof(msg, DST, 112, 224, shake256);
+  const P = DcfPoint.hashToCurve(uniform_bytes);
+  return P;
+};
+export const hash_to_decaf448 = hashToDecaf448; // legacy

src/jubjub.ts

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import { Field } from './abstract/modular.js';
  * jubjub does not use EdDSA, so `hash`/sha512 params are passed because interface expects them.
  */
 
-export const jubjub = twistedEdwards({
+export const jubjub = /* @__PURE__ */ twistedEdwards({
   // Params: a, d
   a: BigInt('0x73eda753299d7d483339d80809a1d80553bda402fffe5bfeffffffff00000000'),
   d: BigInt('0x2a9318e74bfa2b48f5fd9207e6bd7fd4292d7f6d37579d2601065fd6d6343eb1'),

src/p256.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { createCurve } from './_shortw_utils.js';
 import { sha256 } from '@noble/hashes/sha256';
 import { Field } from './abstract/modular.js';
 import { mapToCurveSimpleSWU } from './abstract/weierstrass.js';
-import * as htf from './abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
+import { createHasher } from './abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
 
 // NIST secp256r1 aka p256
 // https://www.secg.org/sec2-v2.pdf, https://neuromancer.sk/std/nist/P-256
@@ -12,12 +12,6 @@ const Fp = Field(BigInt('0xffffffff00000001000000000000000000000000fffffffffffff
 const CURVE_A = Fp.create(BigInt('-3'));
 const CURVE_B = BigInt('0x5ac635d8aa3a93e7b3ebbd55769886bc651d06b0cc53b0f63bce3c3e27d2604b');
 
-const mapSWU = mapToCurveSimpleSWU(Fp, {
-  A: CURVE_A,
-  B: CURVE_B,
-  Z: Fp.create(BigInt('-10')),
-});
-
 // prettier-ignore
 export const p256 = createCurve({
   a: CURVE_A, // Equation params: a, b
@@ -33,10 +27,15 @@ export const p256 = createCurve({
 } as const, sha256);
 export const secp256r1 = p256;
 
-const { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve } = htf.createHasher(
+const mapSWU = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
-  secp256r1.ProjectivePoint,
+  mapToCurveSimpleSWU(Fp, {
-  (scalars: bigint[]) => mapSWU(scalars[0]),
+    A: CURVE_A,
-  {
+    B: CURVE_B,
+    Z: Fp.create(BigInt('-10')),
+  }))();
+
+const htf = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
+  createHasher(secp256r1.ProjectivePoint, (scalars: bigint[]) => mapSWU(scalars[0]), {
     DST: 'P256_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_RO_',
     encodeDST: 'P256_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_NU_',
     p: Fp.ORDER,
@@ -44,6 +43,6 @@ const { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve } = htf.createHasher(
     k: 128,
     expand: 'xmd',
     hash: sha256,
-  }
+  }))();
-);
+export const hashToCurve = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => htf.hashToCurve)();
-export { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve };
+export const encodeToCurve = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => htf.encodeToCurve)();

src/p384.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { createCurve } from './_shortw_utils.js';
 import { sha384 } from '@noble/hashes/sha512';
 import { Field } from './abstract/modular.js';
 import { mapToCurveSimpleSWU } from './abstract/weierstrass.js';
-import * as htf from './abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
+import { createHasher } from './abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
 
 // NIST secp384r1 aka p384
 // https://www.secg.org/sec2-v2.pdf, https://neuromancer.sk/std/nist/P-384
@@ -31,16 +31,15 @@ export const p384 = createCurve({
 } as const, sha384);
 export const secp384r1 = p384;
 
-const mapSWU = mapToCurveSimpleSWU(Fp, {
+const mapSWU = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
-  A: CURVE_A,
+  mapToCurveSimpleSWU(Fp, {
-  B: CURVE_B,
+    A: CURVE_A,
-  Z: Fp.create(BigInt('-12')),
+    B: CURVE_B,
-});
+    Z: Fp.create(BigInt('-12')),
+  }))();
 
-const { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve } = htf.createHasher(
+const htf = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
-  secp384r1.ProjectivePoint,
+  createHasher(secp384r1.ProjectivePoint, (scalars: bigint[]) => mapSWU(scalars[0]), {
-  (scalars: bigint[]) => mapSWU(scalars[0]),
-  {
     DST: 'P384_XMD:SHA-384_SSWU_RO_',
     encodeDST: 'P384_XMD:SHA-384_SSWU_NU_',
     p: Fp.ORDER,
@@ -48,6 +47,6 @@ const { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve } = htf.createHasher(
     k: 192,
     expand: 'xmd',
     hash: sha384,
-  }
+  }))();
-);
+export const hashToCurve = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => htf.hashToCurve)();
-export { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve };
+export const encodeToCurve = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => htf.encodeToCurve)();

src/p521.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { createCurve } from './_shortw_utils.js';
 import { sha512 } from '@noble/hashes/sha512';
 import { Field } from './abstract/modular.js';
 import { mapToCurveSimpleSWU } from './abstract/weierstrass.js';
-import * as htf from './abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
+import { createHasher } from './abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
 
 // NIST secp521r1 aka p521
 // Note that it's 521, which differs from 512 of its hash function.
@@ -47,16 +47,15 @@ export const p521 = createCurve({
 } as const, sha512);
 export const secp521r1 = p521;
 
-const mapSWU = mapToCurveSimpleSWU(Fp, {
+const mapSWU = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
-  A: CURVE.a,
+  mapToCurveSimpleSWU(Fp, {
-  B: CURVE.b,
+    A: CURVE.a,
-  Z: Fp.create(BigInt('-4')),
+    B: CURVE.b,
-});
+    Z: Fp.create(BigInt('-4')),
+  }))();
 
-const { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve } = htf.createHasher(
+const htf = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
-  secp521r1.ProjectivePoint,
+  createHasher(secp521r1.ProjectivePoint, (scalars: bigint[]) => mapSWU(scalars[0]), {
-  (scalars: bigint[]) => mapSWU(scalars[0]),
-  {
     DST: 'P521_XMD:SHA-512_SSWU_RO_',
     encodeDST: 'P521_XMD:SHA-512_SSWU_NU_',
     p: Fp.ORDER,
@@ -64,6 +63,6 @@ const { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve } = htf.createHasher(
     k: 256,
     expand: 'xmd',
     hash: sha512,
-  }
+  }))();
-);
+export const hashToCurve = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => htf.hashToCurve)();
-export { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve };
+export const encodeToCurve = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => htf.encodeToCurve)();

src/package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "type": "module"
+}

src/secp256k1.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { Field, mod, pow2 } from './abstract/modular.js';
 import { ProjPointType as PointType, mapToCurveSimpleSWU } from './abstract/weierstrass.js';
 import type { Hex, PrivKey } from './abstract/utils.js';
 import { bytesToNumberBE, concatBytes, ensureBytes, numberToBytesBE } from './abstract/utils.js';
-import * as htf from './abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
+import { createHasher, isogenyMap } from './abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
 import { createCurve } from './_shortw_utils.js';
 
 const secp256k1P = BigInt('0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffefffffc2f');
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ function schnorrVerify(signature: Hex, message: Hex, publicKey: Hex): boolean {
   }
 }
 
-export const schnorr = {
+export const schnorr = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => ({
   getPublicKey: schnorrGetPublicKey,
   sign: schnorrSign,
   verify: schnorrVerify,
@@ -212,58 +212,63 @@ export const schnorr = {
     taggedHash,
     mod,
   },
-};
+}))();
 
-const isoMap = htf.isogenyMap(
+const isoMap = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
-  Fp,
+  isogenyMap(
-  [
+    Fp,
-    // xNum
     [
-      '0x8e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38daaaaa8c7',
+      // xNum
-      '0x7d3d4c80bc321d5b9f315cea7fd44c5d595d2fc0bf63b92dfff1044f17c6581',
+      [
-      '0x534c328d23f234e6e2a413deca25caece4506144037c40314ecbd0b53d9dd262',
+        '0x8e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38daaaaa8c7',
-      '0x8e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38daaaaa88c',
+        '0x7d3d4c80bc321d5b9f315cea7fd44c5d595d2fc0bf63b92dfff1044f17c6581',
-    ],
+        '0x534c328d23f234e6e2a413deca25caece4506144037c40314ecbd0b53d9dd262',
-    // xDen
+        '0x8e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38e38daaaaa88c',
-    [
+      ],
-      '0xd35771193d94918a9ca34ccbb7b640dd86cd409542f8487d9fe6b745781eb49b',
+      // xDen
-      '0xedadc6f64383dc1df7c4b2d51b54225406d36b641f5e41bbc52a56612a8c6d14',
+      [
-      '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001', // LAST 1
+        '0xd35771193d94918a9ca34ccbb7b640dd86cd409542f8487d9fe6b745781eb49b',
-    ],
+        '0xedadc6f64383dc1df7c4b2d51b54225406d36b641f5e41bbc52a56612a8c6d14',
-    // yNum
+        '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001', // LAST 1
-    [
+      ],
-      '0x4bda12f684bda12f684bda12f684bda12f684bda12f684bda12f684b8e38e23c',
+      // yNum
-      '0xc75e0c32d5cb7c0fa9d0a54b12a0a6d5647ab046d686da6fdffc90fc201d71a3',
+      [
-      '0x29a6194691f91a73715209ef6512e576722830a201be2018a765e85a9ecee931',
+        '0x4bda12f684bda12f684bda12f684bda12f684bda12f684bda12f684b8e38e23c',
-      '0x2f684bda12f684bda12f684bda12f684bda12f684bda12f684bda12f38e38d84',
+        '0xc75e0c32d5cb7c0fa9d0a54b12a0a6d5647ab046d686da6fdffc90fc201d71a3',
-    ],
+        '0x29a6194691f91a73715209ef6512e576722830a201be2018a765e85a9ecee931',
-    // yDen
+        '0x2f684bda12f684bda12f684bda12f684bda12f684bda12f684bda12f38e38d84',
-    [
+      ],
-      '0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffefffff93b',
+      // yDen
-      '0x7a06534bb8bdb49fd5e9e6632722c2989467c1bfc8e8d978dfb425d2685c2573',
+      [
-      '0x6484aa716545ca2cf3a70c3fa8fe337e0a3d21162f0d6299a7bf8192bfd2a76f',
+        '0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffefffff93b',
-      '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001', // LAST 1
+        '0x7a06534bb8bdb49fd5e9e6632722c2989467c1bfc8e8d978dfb425d2685c2573',
-    ],
+        '0x6484aa716545ca2cf3a70c3fa8fe337e0a3d21162f0d6299a7bf8192bfd2a76f',
-  ].map((i) => i.map((j) => BigInt(j))) as [bigint[], bigint[], bigint[], bigint[]]
+        '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001', // LAST 1
-);
+      ],
-const mapSWU = mapToCurveSimpleSWU(Fp, {
+    ].map((i) => i.map((j) => BigInt(j))) as [bigint[], bigint[], bigint[], bigint[]]
-  A: BigInt('0x3f8731abdd661adca08a5558f0f5d272e953d363cb6f0e5d405447c01a444533'),
+  ))();
-  B: BigInt('1771'),
+const mapSWU = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
-  Z: Fp.create(BigInt('-11')),
+  mapToCurveSimpleSWU(Fp, {
-});
+    A: BigInt('0x3f8731abdd661adca08a5558f0f5d272e953d363cb6f0e5d405447c01a444533'),
-export const { hashToCurve, encodeToCurve } = htf.createHasher(
+    B: BigInt('1771'),
-  secp256k1.ProjectivePoint,
+    Z: Fp.create(BigInt('-11')),
-  (scalars: bigint[]) => {
+  }))();
-    const { x, y } = mapSWU(Fp.create(scalars[0]));
+const htf = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
-    return isoMap(x, y);
+  createHasher(
-  },
+    secp256k1.ProjectivePoint,
-  {
+    (scalars: bigint[]) => {
-    DST: 'secp256k1_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_RO_',
+      const { x, y } = mapSWU(Fp.create(scalars[0]));
-    encodeDST: 'secp256k1_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_NU_',
+      return isoMap(x, y);
-    p: Fp.ORDER,
+    },
-    m: 1,
+    {
-    k: 128,
+      DST: 'secp256k1_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_RO_',
-    expand: 'xmd',
+      encodeDST: 'secp256k1_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_NU_',
-    hash: sha256,
+      p: Fp.ORDER,
-  }
+      m: 1,
-);
+      k: 128,
+      expand: 'xmd',
+      hash: sha256,
+    }
+  ))();
+export const hashToCurve = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => htf.hashToCurve)();
+export const encodeToCurve = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => htf.encodeToCurve)();

test/basic.test.js

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { deepStrictEqual, throws } from 'assert';
 import { should, describe } from 'micro-should';
 import * as fc from 'fast-check';
 import * as mod from '../esm/abstract/modular.js';
-import { bytesToHex as toHex } from '../esm/abstract/utils.js';
+import { bytesToHex, isBytes, bytesToHex as toHex } from '../esm/abstract/utils.js';
 // Generic tests for all curves in package
 import { secp192r1, secp224r1 } from './_more-curves.helpers.js';
 import { secp256r1 } from '../esm/p256.js';
@@ -595,6 +595,18 @@ for (const name in CURVES) {
         { numRuns: NUM_RUNS }
       )
     );
+    should('.verify() should verify random signatures in hex', () =>
+      fc.assert(
+        fc.property(fc.hexaString({ minLength: 64, maxLength: 64 }), (msg) => {
+          const priv = toHex(C.utils.randomPrivateKey());
+          const pub = toHex(C.getPublicKey(priv));
+          const sig = C.sign(msg, priv);
+          let sighex = isBytes(sig) ? toHex(sig) : sig.toCompactHex();
+          deepStrictEqual(C.verify(sighex, msg, pub), true, `priv=${priv},pub=${pub},msg=${msg}`);
+        }),
+        { numRuns: NUM_RUNS }
+      )
+    );
     should('.verify() should verify empty signatures', () => {
       const msg = new Uint8Array([]);
       const priv = C.utils.randomPrivateKey();

test/bls12-381.test.js

@@ -5,10 +5,16 @@ import { describe, should } from 'micro-should';
 import { wNAF } from '../esm/abstract/curve.js';
 import { bytesToHex, utf8ToBytes } from '../esm/abstract/utils.js';
 import { hash_to_field } from '../esm/abstract/hash-to-curve.js';
-import { bls12_381 as bls } from '../esm/bls12-381.js';
+import { bls12_381 as bls, bls12_381 } from '../esm/bls12-381.js';
+
+import * as utils from '../esm/abstract/utils.js';
 
 import zkVectors from './bls12-381/zkcrypto/converted.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 import pairingVectors from './bls12-381/go_pairing_vectors/pairing.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+const G1_VECTORS = readFileSync('./test/bls12-381/bls12-381-g1-test-vectors.txt', 'utf-8')
+  .trim()
+  .split('\n')
+  .map((l) => l.split(':'));
 const G2_VECTORS = readFileSync('./test/bls12-381/bls12-381-g2-test-vectors.txt', 'utf-8')
   .trim()
   .split('\n')
@@ -37,6 +43,11 @@ const B_192_40 = '40'.padEnd(192, '0');
 const B_384_40 = '40'.padEnd(384, '0'); // [0x40, 0, 0...]
 
 const getPubKey = (priv) => bls.getPublicKey(priv);
+function replaceZeroPoint(item) {
+  const zeros = '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000';
+  const ones = '1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001';
+  return item === zeros ? ones : item;
+}
 
 function equal(a, b, comment) {
   deepStrictEqual(a.equals(b), true, `eq(${comment})`);
@@ -847,6 +858,13 @@ describe('bls12-381/basic', () => {
   });
   // should aggregate signatures
 
+  should(`produce correct short signatures (${G1_VECTORS.length} vectors)`, () => {
+    for (let vector of G1_VECTORS) {
+      const [priv, msg, expected] = vector;
+      const sig = bls.signShortSignature(msg, priv);
+      deepStrictEqual(bytesToHex(sig), expected);
+    }
+  });
   should(`produce correct signatures (${G2_VECTORS.length} vectors)`, () => {
     for (let vector of G2_VECTORS) {
       const [priv, msg, expected] = vector;
@@ -1155,6 +1173,8 @@ describe('verify()', () => {
       const pub = bls.getPublicKey(priv);
       const res = bls.verify(sig, msg, pub);
       deepStrictEqual(res, true, `${priv}-${msg}`);
+      const resHex = bls.verify(bytesToHex(sig), msg, pub);
+      deepStrictEqual(resHex, true, `${priv}-${msg}-hex`);
     }
   });
   should('not verify signature with wrong message', () => {
@@ -1175,6 +1195,43 @@ describe('verify()', () => {
       const invPub = bls.getPublicKey(invPriv);
       const res = bls.verify(sig, msg, invPub);
       deepStrictEqual(res, false);
+      const resHex = bls.verify(bytesToHex(sig), msg, invPub);
+      deepStrictEqual(resHex, false);
+    }
+  });
+  should('verify signed message (short signatures)', () => {
+    for (let i = 0; i < NUM_RUNS; i++) {
+      const [priv, msg] = G1_VECTORS[i];
+      const sig = bls.signShortSignature(msg, priv);
+      const pub = bls.getPublicKeyForShortSignatures(priv);
+      const res = bls.verifyShortSignature(sig, msg, pub);
+      deepStrictEqual(res, true, `${priv}-${msg}`);
+      const resHex = bls.verifyShortSignature(bytesToHex(sig), msg, pub);
+      deepStrictEqual(resHex, true, `${priv}-${msg}`);
+    }
+  });
+  should('not verify signature with wrong message (short signatures)', () => {
+    for (let i = 0; i < NUM_RUNS; i++) {
+      const [priv, msg] = G1_VECTORS[i];
+      const invMsg = G1_VECTORS[i + 1][1];
+      const sig = bls.signShortSignature(msg, priv);
+      const pub = bls.getPublicKeyForShortSignatures(priv);
+      const res = bls.verifyShortSignature(sig, invMsg, pub);
+      deepStrictEqual(res, false);
+      const resHex = bls.verifyShortSignature(bytesToHex(sig), invMsg, pub);
+      deepStrictEqual(resHex, false);
+    }
+  });
+  should('not verify signature with wrong key', () => {
+    for (let i = 0; i < NUM_RUNS; i++) {
+      const [priv, msg] = G1_VECTORS[i];
+      const sig = bls.signShortSignature(msg, priv);
+      const invPriv = G1_VECTORS[i + 1][1].padStart(64, '0');
+      const invPub = bls.getPublicKeyForShortSignatures(invPriv);
+      const res = bls.verifyShortSignature(sig, msg, invPub);
+      deepStrictEqual(res, false);
+      const resHex = bls.verifyShortSignature(bytesToHex(sig), msg, invPub);
+      deepStrictEqual(resHex, false);
     }
   });
   describe('batch', () => {
@@ -1187,6 +1244,10 @@ describe('verify()', () => {
           const signatures = messages.map((message, i) => bls.sign(message, privateKeys[i]));
           const aggregatedSignature = bls.aggregateSignatures(signatures);
           deepStrictEqual(bls.verifyBatch(aggregatedSignature, messages, publicKey), true);
+          deepStrictEqual(
+            bls.verifyBatch(bytesToHex(aggregatedSignature), messages, publicKey),
+            true
+          );
         })
       );
     });
@@ -1205,6 +1266,10 @@ describe('verify()', () => {
             bls.verifyBatch(aggregatedSignature, wrongMessages, publicKey),
             messages.every((m, i) => m === wrongMessages[i])
           );
+          deepStrictEqual(
+            bls.verifyBatch(bytesToHex(aggregatedSignature), wrongMessages, publicKey),
+            messages.every((m, i) => m === wrongMessages[i])
+          );
         })
       );
     });
@@ -1227,6 +1292,10 @@ describe('verify()', () => {
               bls.verifyBatch(aggregatedSignature, messages, wrongPublicKeys),
               wrongPrivateKeys.every((p, i) => p === privateKeys[i])
             );
+            deepStrictEqual(
+              bls.verifyBatch(bytesToHex(aggregatedSignature), messages, wrongPublicKeys),
+              wrongPrivateKeys.every((p, i) => p === privateKeys[i])
+            );
           }
         )
       );
@@ -1234,17 +1303,23 @@ describe('verify()', () => {
     should('verify multi-signature as simple signature', () => {
       fc.assert(
         fc.property(FC_MSG, FC_BIGINT_5, (message, privateKeys) => {
+          message = replaceZeroPoint(message);
           const publicKey = privateKeys.map(getPubKey);
           const signatures = privateKeys.map((privateKey) => bls.sign(message, privateKey));
           const aggregatedSignature = bls.aggregateSignatures(signatures);
           const aggregatedPublicKey = bls.aggregatePublicKeys(publicKey);
           deepStrictEqual(bls.verify(aggregatedSignature, message, aggregatedPublicKey), true);
+          deepStrictEqual(
+            bls.verify(bytesToHex(aggregatedSignature), message, aggregatedPublicKey),
+            true
+          );
         })
       );
     });
     should('not verify wrong multi-signature as simple signature', () => {
       fc.assert(
         fc.property(FC_MSG, FC_MSG, FC_BIGINT_5, (message, wrongMessage, privateKeys) => {
+          message = replaceZeroPoint(message);
           const publicKey = privateKeys.map(getPubKey);
           const signatures = privateKeys.map((privateKey) => bls.sign(message, privateKey));
           const aggregatedSignature = bls.aggregateSignatures(signatures);
@@ -1253,6 +1328,10 @@ describe('verify()', () => {
             bls.verify(aggregatedSignature, wrongMessage, aggregatedPublicKey),
             message === wrongMessage
           );
+          deepStrictEqual(
+            bls.verify(bytesToHex(aggregatedSignature), wrongMessage, aggregatedPublicKey),
+            message === wrongMessage
+          );
         })
       );
     });
@@ -1368,6 +1447,37 @@ describe('bls12-381 deterministic', () => {
       }
     }
   });
+  should(`zkcrypt/G1 & G2 encoding edge cases`, () => {
+    const Fp = bls12_381.fields.Fp;
+    const S_BIT_POS = Fp.BITS; // C_bit, compression bit for serialization flag
+    const I_BIT_POS = Fp.BITS + 1; // I_bit, point-at-infinity bit for serialization flag
+    const C_BIT_POS = Fp.BITS + 2; // S_bit, sort bit for serialization flag
+    const VECTORS = [
+      { pos: C_BIT_POS, shift: 7 }, // compression_flag_set = Choice::from((bytes[0] >> 7) & 1);
+      { pos: I_BIT_POS, shift: 6 }, // infinity_flag_set = Choice::from((bytes[0] >> 6) & 1)
+      { pos: S_BIT_POS, shift: 5 }, // sort_flag_set = Choice::from((bytes[0] >> 5) & 1)
+    ];
+    for (const { pos, shift } of VECTORS) {
+      const d = utils.numberToBytesBE(utils.bitSet(0n, pos, Boolean(true)), Fp.BYTES);
+      deepStrictEqual((d[0] >> shift) & 1, 1, `${pos}`);
+    }
+    const baseC = G1Point.BASE.toRawBytes();
+    deepStrictEqual(baseC.length, 48);
+    const baseU = G1Point.BASE.toRawBytes(false);
+    deepStrictEqual(baseU.length, 96);
+    const compressedBit = baseU.slice();
+    compressedBit[0] |= 0b1000_0000; // add compression bit
+    throws(() => G1Point.fromHex(compressedBit), 'compressed bit'); // uncompressed point with compressed length
+    const uncompressedBit = baseC.slice();
+    uncompressedBit[0] &= 0b0111_1111; // remove compression bit
+    throws(() => G1Point.fromHex(uncompressedBit), 'uncompressed bit');
+    const infinityUncompressed = baseU.slice();
+    infinityUncompressed[0] |= 0b0100_0000;
+    throws(() => G1Point.fromHex(compressedBit), 'infinity uncompressed');
+    const infinityCompressed = baseC.slice();
+    infinityCompressed[0] |= 0b0100_0000;
+    throws(() => G1Point.fromHex(compressedBit), 'infinity compressed');
+  });
 });
 
 // ESM is broken.

test/bls12-381/bls12-381-g1-test-vectors.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
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+6bbc2807b27b635285670a68a42d8fafb461fab581e4e2773c199b29088bc554:0c149764b95e6461e820206e5e2b7fa4acf62a3a132db955d5c4ff1cafbfef3b3816aab1bc9bbcf14af47a4e7753f0243842d9b53b3c3c26b9a2e244f2eb06461e2128949e9b437c96cddbddb52d9d6062d4692d05dc624f94fac39401ce51389576f0fd52e670841602645b4ed6a76cc845ec8454538782b3b179e44cd5ec:aaaa82c3fd810924f41b74bdf484460810f5f3274f8102520099f9ca384a5965e50202a36edfa5b0999c7b3c2548ae74

test/ed25519-addons.test.js

@@ -1,10 +1,18 @@
 import { sha512 } from '@noble/hashes/sha512';
-import { hexToBytes, bytesToHex as hex } from '@noble/hashes/utils';
+import { bytesToHex as hex, hexToBytes } from '@noble/hashes/utils';
 import { deepStrictEqual, throws } from 'assert';
 import { describe, should } from 'micro-should';
 import { bytesToNumberLE, numberToBytesLE } from '../esm/abstract/utils.js';
 import { default as x25519vectors } from './wycheproof/x25519_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-import { ed25519ctx, ed25519ph, RistrettoPoint, x25519 } from '../esm/ed25519.js';
+import {
+  ed25519,
+  ed25519ctx,
+  ed25519ph,
+  edwardsToMontgomeryPub,
+  edwardsToMontgomeryPriv,
+  RistrettoPoint,
+  x25519,
+} from '../esm/ed25519.js';
 
 const VECTORS_RFC8032_CTX = [
   {
@@ -141,6 +149,56 @@ describe('RFC7748 X25519 ECDH', () => {
     deepStrictEqual(hex(x25519.scalarMult(bobPrivate, alicePublic)), shared);
   });
 
+  should('X25519/getSharedSecret() should be commutative', () => {
+    for (let i = 0; i < 512; i++) {
+      const asec = x25519.utils.randomPrivateKey();
+      const apub = x25519.getPublicKey(asec);
+      const bsec = x25519.utils.randomPrivateKey();
+      const bpub = x25519.getPublicKey(bsec);
+      try {
+        deepStrictEqual(x25519.getSharedSecret(asec, bpub), x25519.getSharedSecret(bsec, apub));
+      } catch (error) {
+        console.error('not commutative', { asec, apub, bsec, bpub });
+        throw error;
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  should('edwardsToMontgomery should produce correct output', () => {
+    const edSecret = hexToBytes('77076d0a7318a57d3c16c17251b26645df4c2f87ebc0992ab177fba51db92c2a');
+    const edPublic = ed25519.getPublicKey(edSecret);
+    const xPrivate = edwardsToMontgomeryPriv(edSecret);
+    deepStrictEqual(
+      hex(xPrivate),
+      'a8cd44eb8e93319c0570bc11005c0e0189d34ff02f6c17773411ad191293c94f'
+    );
+    const xPublic = edwardsToMontgomeryPub(edPublic);
+    deepStrictEqual(
+      hex(xPublic),
+      'ed7749b4d989f6957f3bfde6c56767e988e21c9f8784d91d610011cd553f9b06'
+    );
+  });
+
+  should('edwardsToMontgomery should produce correct keyPair', () => {
+    const edSecret = ed25519.utils.randomPrivateKey();
+    const edPublic = ed25519.getPublicKey(edSecret);
+    const xSecret = edwardsToMontgomeryPriv(edSecret);
+    const expectedXPublic = x25519.getPublicKey(xSecret);
+    const xPublic = edwardsToMontgomeryPub(edPublic);
+    deepStrictEqual(xPublic, expectedXPublic);
+  });
+
+  should('ECDH through edwardsToMontgomery should be commutative', () => {
+    const edSecret1 = ed25519.utils.randomPrivateKey();
+    const edPublic1 = ed25519.getPublicKey(edSecret1);
+    const edSecret2 = ed25519.utils.randomPrivateKey();
+    const edPublic2 = ed25519.getPublicKey(edSecret2);
+    deepStrictEqual(
+      x25519.getSharedSecret(edwardsToMontgomeryPriv(edSecret1), edwardsToMontgomeryPub(edPublic2)),
+      x25519.getSharedSecret(edwardsToMontgomeryPriv(edSecret2), edwardsToMontgomeryPub(edPublic1))
+    );
+  });
+
   should('base point', () => {
     const { y } = ed25519ph.ExtendedPoint.BASE;
     const { Fp } = ed25519ph.CURVE;
@@ -298,7 +356,7 @@ describe('ristretto255', () => {
 
 // ESM is broken.
 import url from 'url';
-import { assert } from 'console';
+
 if (import.meta.url === url.pathToFileURL(process.argv[1]).href) {
   should.run();
 }

test/ed25519.test.js

@@ -1,17 +1,19 @@
 import { deepStrictEqual, strictEqual, throws } from 'assert';
 import { readFileSync } from 'fs';
-import { bytesToHex, concatBytes, hexToBytes, randomBytes } from '@noble/hashes/utils';
+import { bytesToHex, concatBytes, hexToBytes, utf8ToBytes, randomBytes } from '@noble/hashes/utils';
 import * as fc from 'fast-check';
 import { describe, should } from 'micro-should';
-import { ed25519, ED25519_TORSION_SUBGROUP, numberToBytesLE } from './ed25519.helpers.js';
+import { ed25519 as ed, ED25519_TORSION_SUBGROUP, numberToBytesLE } from './ed25519.helpers.js';
 // Old vectors allow to test sign() because they include private key
 import { default as ed25519vectors_OLD } from './ed25519/ed25519_test_OLD.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 import { default as ed25519vectors } from './wycheproof/ed25519_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-
 import { default as zip215 } from './ed25519/zip215.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as edgeCases } from './ed25519/edge-cases.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+
+// Any changes to the file will need to be aware of the fact
+// the file is shared between noble-curves and noble-ed25519.
 
 describe('ed25519', () => {
-  const ed = ed25519;
   const hex = bytesToHex;
   const Point = ed.ExtendedPoint;
 
@@ -20,13 +22,6 @@ describe('ed25519', () => {
     return hexToBytes(hex.padStart(64, '0'));
   }
 
-  function utf8ToBytes(str) {
-    if (typeof str !== 'string') {
-      throw new Error(`utf8ToBytes expected string, got ${typeof str}`);
-    }
-    return new TextEncoder().encode(str);
-  }
-
   ed.utils.precompute(8);
 
   should('not accept >32byte private keys', () => {
@@ -415,27 +410,36 @@ describe('ed25519', () => {
     }
   });
 
+  should('have strict SUF-CMA and SBS properties', () => {
+    // https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/1244
+    const list = [0, 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11].map((i) => edgeCases[i]);
+    for (let v of list) {
+      const result = ed.verify(v.signature, v.message, v.pub_key, { zip215: false });
+      strictEqual(result, false, `zip215: false must not validate: ${v.signature}`);
+    }
+  });
+
   should('not verify when sig.s >= CURVE.n', () => {
-    const privateKey = ed25519.utils.randomPrivateKey();
+    const privateKey = ed.utils.randomPrivateKey();
     const message = Uint8Array.from([0xab, 0xbc, 0xcd, 0xde]);
-    const publicKey = ed25519.getPublicKey(privateKey);
+    const publicKey = ed.getPublicKey(privateKey);
-    const signature = ed25519.sign(message, privateKey);
+    const signature = ed.sign(message, privateKey);
 
     const R = signature.slice(0, 32);
     let s = signature.slice(32, 64);
 
     s = bytesToHex(s.slice().reverse());
     s = BigInt('0x' + s);
-    s = s + ed25519.CURVE.n;
+    s = s + ed.CURVE.n;
     s = numberToBytesLE(s, 32);
 
     const sig_invalid = concatBytes(R, s);
-    deepStrictEqual(ed25519.verify(sig_invalid, message, publicKey), false);
+    deepStrictEqual(ed.verify(sig_invalid, message, publicKey), false);
   });
 
   should('not accept point without z, t', () => {
     const t = 81718630521762619991978402609047527194981150691135404693881672112315521837062n;
-    const point = ed25519.ExtendedPoint.fromAffine({ x: t, y: t });
+    const point = Point.fromAffine({ x: t, y: t });
     throws(() => point.assertValidity());
     // Otherwise (without assertValidity):
     // const point2 = point.double();

test/ed25519/edge-cases.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+[{"message":"8c93255d71dcab10e8f379c26200f3c7bd5f09d9bc3068d3ef4edeb4853022b6","pub_key":"c7176a703d4dd84fba3c0b760d10670f2a2053fa2c39ccc64ec7fd7792ac03fa","signature":"c7176a703d4dd84fba3c0b760d10670f2a2053fa2c39ccc64ec7fd7792ac037a0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"},{"message":"9bd9f44f4dcc75bd531b56b2cd280b0bb38fc1cd6d1230e14861d861de092e79","pub_key":"c7176a703d4dd84fba3c0b760d10670f2a2053fa2c39ccc64ec7fd7792ac03fa","signature":"f7badec5b8abeaf699583992219b7b223f1df3fbbea919844e3f7c554a43dd43a5bb704786be79fc476f91d3f3f89b03984d8068dcf1bb7dfc6637b45450ac04"},{"message":"aebf3f2601a0c8c5d39cc7d8911642f740b78168218da8471772b35f9d35b9ab","pub_key":"f7badec5b8abeaf699583992219b7b223f1df3fbbea919844e3f7c554a43dd43","signature":"c7176a703d4dd84fba3c0b760d10670f2a2053fa2c39ccc64ec7fd7792ac03fa8c4bd45aecaca5b24fb97bc10ac27ac8751a7dfe1baff8b953ec9f5833ca260e"},{"message":"9bd9f44f4dcc75bd531b56b2cd280b0bb38fc1cd6d1230e14861d861de092e79","pub_key":"cdb267ce40c5cd45306fa5d2f29731459387dbf9eb933b7bd5aed9a765b88d4d","signature":"9046a64750444938de19f227bb80485e92b83fdb4b6506c160484c016cc1852f87909e14428a7a1d62e9f22f3d3ad7802db02eb2e688b6c52fcd6648a98bd009"},{"message":"e47d62c63f830dc7a6851a0b1f33ae4bb2f507fb6cffec4011eaccd55b53f56c","pub_key":"cdb267ce40c5cd45306fa5d2f29731459387dbf9eb933b7bd5aed9a765b88d4d","signature":"160a1cb0dc9c0258cd0a7d23e94d8fa878bcb1925f2c64246b2dee1796bed5125ec6bc982a269b723e0668e540911a9a6a58921d6925e434ab10aa7940551a09"},{"message":"e47d62c63f830dc7a6851a0b1f33ae4bb2f507fb6cffec4011eaccd55b53f56c","pub_key":"cdb267ce40c5cd45306fa5d2f29731459387dbf9eb933b7bd5aed9a765b88d4d","signature":"21122a84e0b5fca4052f5b1235c80a537878b38f3142356b2c2384ebad4668b7e40bc836dac0f71076f9abe3a53f9c03c1ceeeddb658d0030494ace586687405"},{"message":"85e241a07d148b41e47d62c63f830dc7a6851a0b1f33ae4bb2f507fb6cffec40","pub_key":"442aad9f089ad9e14647b1ef9099a1ff4798d78589e66f28eca69c11f582a623","signature":"e96f66be976d82e60150baecff9906684aebb1ef181f67a7189ac78ea23b6c0e547f7690a0e2ddcd04d87dbc3490dc19b3b3052f7ff0538cb68afb369ba3a514"},{"message":"85e241a07d148b41e47d62c63f830dc7a6851a0b1f33ae4bb2f507fb6cffec40","pub_key":"442aad9f089ad9e14647b1ef9099a1ff4798d78589e66f28eca69c11f582a623","signature":"8ce5b96c8f26d0ab6c47958c9e68b937104cd36e13c33566acd2fe8d38aa19427e71f98a473474f2f13f06f97c20d58cc3f54b8bd0d272f42b695dd7e89a8c22"},{"message":"9bedc267423725d473888631ebf45988bad3db83851ee85c85e241a07d148b41","pub_key":"f7badec5b8abeaf699583992219b7b223f1df3fbbea919844e3f7c554a43dd43","signature":"ecffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff03be9678ac102edcd92b0210bb34d7428d12ffc5df5f37e359941266a4e35f0f"},{"message":"9bedc267423725d473888631ebf45988bad3db83851ee85c85e241a07d148b41","pub_key":"f7badec5b8abeaf699583992219b7b223f1df3fbbea919844e3f7c554a43dd43","signature":"ecffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffca8c5b64cd208982aa38d4936621a4775aa233aa0505711d8fdcfdaa943d4908"},{"message":"e96b7021eb39c1a163b6da4e3093dcd3f21387da4cc4572be588fafae23c155b","pub_key":"ecffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff","signature":"a9d55260f765261eb9b84e106f665e00b867287a761990d7135963ee0a7d59dca5bb704786be79fc476f91d3f3f89b03984d8068dcf1bb7dfc6637b45450ac04"},{"message":"39a591f5321bbe07fd5a23dc2f39d025d74526615746727ceefd6e82ae65c06f","pub_key":"ecffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff","signature":"a9d55260f765261eb9b84e106f665e00b867287a761990d7135963ee0a7d59dca5bb704786be79fc476f91d3f3f89b03984d8068dcf1bb7dfc6637b45450ac04"}]

test/ed448-addons.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+import { bytesToHex as hex, hexToBytes } from '@noble/hashes/utils';
+import { deepStrictEqual, throws } from 'assert';
+import { describe, should } from 'micro-should';
+import { bytesToNumberLE } from '../esm/abstract/utils.js';
+import { ed448, DecafPoint } from '../esm/ed448.js';
+
+describe('decaf448', () => {
+  should('follow the byte encodings of small multiples', () => {
+    const encodingsOfSmallMultiples = [
+      // This is the identity point
+      '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
+      // This is the basepoint
+      '6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666633333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333',
+      // These are small multiples of the basepoint
+      'c898eb4f87f97c564c6fd61fc7e49689314a1f818ec85eeb3bd5514ac816d38778f69ef347a89fca817e66defdedce178c7cc709b2116e75',
+      'a0c09bf2ba7208fda0f4bfe3d0f5b29a543012306d43831b5adc6fe7f8596fa308763db15468323b11cf6e4aeb8c18fe44678f44545a69bc',
+      'b46f1836aa287c0a5a5653f0ec5ef9e903f436e21c1570c29ad9e5f596da97eeaf17150ae30bcb3174d04bc2d712c8c7789d7cb4fda138f4',
+      '1c5bbecf4741dfaae79db72dface00eaaac502c2060934b6eaaeca6a20bd3da9e0be8777f7d02033d1b15884232281a41fc7f80eed04af5e',
+      '86ff0182d40f7f9edb7862515821bd67bfd6165a3c44de95d7df79b8779ccf6460e3c68b70c16aaa280f2d7b3f22d745b97a89906cfc476c',
+      '502bcb6842eb06f0e49032bae87c554c031d6d4d2d7694efbf9c468d48220c50f8ca28843364d70cee92d6fe246e61448f9db9808b3b2408',
+      '0c9810f1e2ebd389caa789374d78007974ef4d17227316f40e578b336827da3f6b482a4794eb6a3975b971b5e1388f52e91ea2f1bcb0f912',
+      '20d41d85a18d5657a29640321563bbd04c2ffbd0a37a7ba43a4f7d263ce26faf4e1f74f9f4b590c69229ae571fe37fa639b5b8eb48bd9a55',
+      'e6b4b8f408c7010d0601e7eda0c309a1a42720d6d06b5759fdc4e1efe22d076d6c44d42f508d67be462914d28b8edce32e7094305164af17',
+      'be88bbb86c59c13d8e9d09ab98105f69c2d1dd134dbcd3b0863658f53159db64c0e139d180f3c89b8296d0ae324419c06fa87fc7daaf34c1',
+      'a456f9369769e8f08902124a0314c7a06537a06e32411f4f93415950a17badfa7442b6217434a3a05ef45be5f10bd7b2ef8ea00c431edec5',
+      '186e452c4466aa4383b4c00210d52e7922dbf9771e8b47e229a9b7b73c8d10fd7ef0b6e41530f91f24a3ed9ab71fa38b98b2fe4746d51d68',
+      '4ae7fdcae9453f195a8ead5cbe1a7b9699673b52c40ab27927464887be53237f7f3a21b938d40d0ec9e15b1d5130b13ffed81373a53e2b43',
+      '841981c3bfeec3f60cfeca75d9d8dc17f46cf0106f2422b59aec580a58f342272e3a5e575a055ddb051390c54c24c6ecb1e0aceb075f6056',
+    ];
+    let B = DecafPoint.BASE;
+    let P = DecafPoint.ZERO;
+    for (const encoded of encodingsOfSmallMultiples) {
+      deepStrictEqual(P.toHex(), encoded);
+      deepStrictEqual(DecafPoint.fromHex(encoded).toHex(), encoded);
+      P = P.add(B);
+    }
+  });
+  should('not convert bad bytes encoding', () => {
+    const badEncodings = [
+      // These are all bad because they're non-canonical field encodings.
+      '8e24f838059ee9fef1e209126defe53dcd74ef9b6304601c6966099effffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff',
+      '86fcc7212bd4a0b980928666dc28c444a605ef38e09fb569e28d4443ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff',
+      '866d54bd4c4ff41a55d4eefdbeca73cbd653c7bd3135b383708ec0bdffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff',
+      '4a380ccdab9c86364a89e77a464d64f9157538cfdfa686adc0d5ece4ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff',
+      'f22d9d4c945dd44d11e0b1d3d3d358d959b4844d83b08c44e659d79fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff',
+      '8cdffc681aa99e9c818c8ef4c3808b58e86acdef1ab68c8477af185bffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff',
+      '0e1c12ac7b5920effbd044e897c57634e2d05b5c27f8fa3df8a086a1ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff',
+      // These are all bad because they're negative field elements.
+      '15141bd2121837ef71a0016bd11be757507221c26542244f23806f3fd3496b7d4c36826276f3bf5deea2c60c4fa4cec69946876da497e795',
+      '455d380238434ab740a56267f4f46b7d2eb2dd8ee905e51d7b0ae8a6cb2bae501e67df34ab21fa45946068c9f233939b1d9521a998b7cb93',
+      '810b1d8e8bf3a9c023294bbfd3d905a97531709bdc0f42390feedd7010f77e98686d400c9c86ed250ceecd9de0a18888ffecda0f4ea1c60d',
+      'd3af9cc41be0e5de83c0c6273bedcb9351970110044a9a41c7b9b2267cdb9d7bf4dc9c2fdb8bed32878184604f1d9944305a8df4274ce301',
+      '9312bcab09009e4330ff89c4bc1e9e000d863efc3c863d3b6c507a40fd2cdefde1bf0892b4b5ed9780b91ed1398fb4a7344c605aa5efda74',
+      '53d11bce9e62a29d63ed82ae93761bdd76e38c21e2822d6ebee5eb1c5b8a03eaf9df749e2490eda9d8ac27d1f71150de93668074d18d1c3a',
+      '697c1aed3cd8858515d4be8ac158b229fe184d79cb2b06e49210a6f3a7cd537bcd9bd390d96c4ab6a4406da5d93640726285370cfa95df80',
+      // These are all bad because they give a nonsquare x².
+      '58ad48715c9a102569b68b88362a4b0645781f5a19eb7e59c6a4686fd0f0750ff42e3d7af1ab38c29d69b670f31258919c9fdbf6093d06c0',
+      '8ca37ee2b15693f06e910cf43c4e32f1d5551dda8b1e48cb6ddd55e440dbc7b296b601919a4e4069f59239ca247ff693f7daa42f086122b1',
+      '982c0ec7f43d9f97c0a74b36db0abd9ca6bfb98123a90782787242c8a523cdc76df14a910d54471127e7662a1059201f902940cd39d57af5',
+      'baa9ab82d07ca282b968a911a6c3728d74bf2fe258901925787f03ee4be7e3cb6684fd1bcfe5071a9a974ad249a4aaa8ca81264216c68574',
+      '2ed9ffe2ded67a372b181ac524996402c42970629db03f5e8636cbaf6074b523d154a7a8c4472c4c353ab88cd6fec7da7780834cc5bd5242',
+      'f063769e4241e76d815800e4933a3a144327a30ec40758ad3723a788388399f7b3f5d45b6351eb8eddefda7d5bff4ee920d338a8b89d8b63',
+      '5a0104f1f55d152ceb68bc138182499891d90ee8f09b40038ccc1e07cb621fd462f781d045732a4f0bda73f0b2acf94355424ff0388d4b9c',
+    ];
+    for (const badBytes of badEncodings) {
+      const b = hexToBytes(badBytes);
+      throws(() => DecafPoint.fromHex(b), badBytes);
+    }
+  });
+  should('create right points from uniform hash', () => {
+    const hashes = [
+      'cbb8c991fd2f0b7e1913462d6463e4fd2ce4ccdd28274dc2ca1f4165d5ee6cdccea57be3416e166fd06718a31af45a2f8e987e301be59ae6673e963001dbbda80df47014a21a26d6c7eb4ebe0312aa6fffb8d1b26bc62ca40ed51f8057a635a02c2b8c83f48fa6a2d70f58a1185902c0',
+      'b6d8da654b13c3101d6634a231569e6b85961c3f4b460a08ac4a5857069576b64428676584baa45b97701be6d0b0ba18ac28d443403b45699ea0fbd1164f5893d39ad8f29e48e399aec5902508ea95e33bc1e9e4620489d684eb5c26bc1ad1e09aba61fabc2cdfee0b6b6862ffc8e55a',
+      '36a69976c3e5d74e4904776993cbac27d10f25f5626dd45c51d15dcf7b3e6a5446a6649ec912a56895d6baa9dc395ce9e34b868d9fb2c1fc72eb6495702ea4f446c9b7a188a4e0826b1506b0747a6709f37988ff1aeb5e3788d5076ccbb01a4bc6623c92ff147a1e21b29cc3fdd0e0f4',
+      'd5938acbba432ecd5617c555a6a777734494f176259bff9dab844c81aadcf8f7abd1a9001d89c7008c1957272c1786a4293bb0ee7cb37cf3988e2513b14e1b75249a5343643d3c5e5545a0c1a2a4d3c685927c38bc5e5879d68745464e2589e000b31301f1dfb7471a4f1300d6fd0f99',
+      '4dec58199a35f531a5f0a9f71a53376d7b4bdd6bbd2904234a8ea65bbacbce2a542291378157a8f4be7b6a092672a34d85e473b26ccfbd4cdc6739783dc3f4f6ee3537b7aed81df898c7ea0ae89a15b5559596c2a5eeacf8b2b362f3db2940e3798b63203cae77c4683ebaed71533e51',
+      'df2aa1536abb4acab26efa538ce07fd7bca921b13e17bc5ebcba7d1b6b733deda1d04c220f6b5ab35c61b6bcb15808251cab909a01465b8ae3fc770850c66246d5a9eae9e2877e0826e2b8dc1bc08009590bc6778a84e919fbd28e02a0f9c49b48dc689eb5d5d922dc01469968ee81b5',
+      'e9fb440282e07145f1f7f5ecf3c273212cd3d26b836b41b02f108431488e5e84bd15f2418b3d92a3380dd66a374645c2a995976a015632d36a6c2189f202fc766e1c82f50ad9189be190a1f0e8f9b9e69c9c18cc98fdd885608f68bf0fdedd7b894081a63f70016a8abf04953affbefa',
+    ];
+    const encodedHashToPoints = [
+      '0c709c9607dbb01c94513358745b7c23953d03b33e39c7234e268d1d6e24f34014ccbc2216b965dd231d5327e591dc3c0e8844ccfd568848',
+      '76ab794e28ff1224c727fa1016bf7f1d329260b7218a39aea2fdb17d8bd9119017b093d641cedf74328c327184dc6f2a64bd90eddccfcdab',
+      'c8d7ac384143500e50890a1c25d643343accce584caf2544f9249b2bf4a6921082be0e7f3669bb5ec24535e6c45621e1f6dec676edd8b664',
+      '62beffc6b8ee11ccd79dbaac8f0252c750eb052b192f41eeecb12f2979713b563caf7d22588eca5e80995241ef963e7ad7cb7962f343a973',
+      'f4ccb31d263731ab88bed634304956d2603174c66da38742053fa37dd902346c3862155d68db63be87439e3d68758ad7268e239d39c4fd3b',
+      '7e79b00e8e0a76a67c0040f62713b8b8c6d6f05e9c6d02592e8a22ea896f5deacc7c7df5ed42beae6fedb9000285b482aa504e279fd49c32',
+      '20b171cb16be977f15e013b9752cf86c54c631c4fc8cbf7c03c4d3ac9b8e8640e7b0e9300b987fe0ab5044669314f6ed1650ae037db853f1',
+    ];
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < hashes.length; i++) {
+      const hash = hexToBytes(hashes[i]);
+      const point = DecafPoint.hashToCurve(hash);
+      deepStrictEqual(point.toHex(), encodedHashToPoints[i]);
+    }
+  });
+  should('have proper equality testing', () => {
+    const MAX_448B = BigInt(
+      '0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff'
+    );
+    const bytes448ToNumberLE = (bytes) => ed448.CURVE.Fp.create(bytesToNumberLE(bytes) & MAX_448B);
+
+    const priv = new Uint8Array([
+      23, 211, 149, 179, 209, 108, 78, 37, 229, 45, 122, 220, 85, 38, 192, 182, 96, 40, 168, 63,
+      175, 194, 73, 202, 14, 175, 78, 15, 117, 175, 40, 32, 218, 221, 151, 58, 158, 91, 250, 141,
+      18, 175, 191, 119, 152, 124, 223, 101, 54, 218, 76, 158, 43, 112, 151, 32,
+    ]);
+    const pub = DecafPoint.BASE.multiply(bytes448ToNumberLE(priv));
+    deepStrictEqual(pub.equals(DecafPoint.ZERO), false);
+  });
+});
+
+// ESM is broken.
+import url from 'url';
+
+if (import.meta.url === url.pathToFileURL(process.argv[1]).href) {
+  should.run();
+}

test/hash-to-curve.test.js

@@ -23,29 +23,29 @@ import { default as xof_shake128_36 } from './hash-to-curve/expand_message_xof_S
 import { default as xof_shake128_256 } from './hash-to-curve/expand_message_xof_SHAKE128_256.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 import { default as xof_shake256_36 } from './hash-to-curve/expand_message_xof_SHAKE256_36.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 // P256
-import { default as p256_ro } from './hash-to-curve/P256_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as p256_ro } from './hash-to-curve/P256_XMD_SHA-256_SSWU_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-import { default as p256_nu } from './hash-to-curve/P256_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as p256_nu } from './hash-to-curve/P256_XMD_SHA-256_SSWU_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 // P384
-import { default as p384_ro } from './hash-to-curve/P384_XMD:SHA-384_SSWU_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as p384_ro } from './hash-to-curve/P384_XMD_SHA-384_SSWU_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-import { default as p384_nu } from './hash-to-curve/P384_XMD:SHA-384_SSWU_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as p384_nu } from './hash-to-curve/P384_XMD_SHA-384_SSWU_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 // P521
-import { default as p521_ro } from './hash-to-curve/P521_XMD:SHA-512_SSWU_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as p521_ro } from './hash-to-curve/P521_XMD_SHA-512_SSWU_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-import { default as p521_nu } from './hash-to-curve/P521_XMD:SHA-512_SSWU_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as p521_nu } from './hash-to-curve/P521_XMD_SHA-512_SSWU_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 // secp256k1
-import { default as secp256k1_ro } from './hash-to-curve/secp256k1_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as secp256k1_ro } from './hash-to-curve/secp256k1_XMD_SHA-256_SSWU_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-import { default as secp256k1_nu } from './hash-to-curve/secp256k1_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as secp256k1_nu } from './hash-to-curve/secp256k1_XMD_SHA-256_SSWU_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 // bls-G1
-import { default as g1_ro } from './hash-to-curve/BLS12381G1_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as g1_ro } from './hash-to-curve/BLS12381G1_XMD_SHA-256_SSWU_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-import { default as g1_nu } from './hash-to-curve/BLS12381G1_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as g1_nu } from './hash-to-curve/BLS12381G1_XMD_SHA-256_SSWU_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 // bls-G2
-import { default as g2_ro } from './hash-to-curve/BLS12381G2_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as g2_ro } from './hash-to-curve/BLS12381G2_XMD_SHA-256_SSWU_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-import { default as g2_nu } from './hash-to-curve/BLS12381G2_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as g2_nu } from './hash-to-curve/BLS12381G2_XMD_SHA-256_SSWU_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 // ed25519
-import { default as ed25519_ro } from './hash-to-curve/edwards25519_XMD:SHA-512_ELL2_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as ed25519_ro } from './hash-to-curve/edwards25519_XMD_SHA-512_ELL2_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-import { default as ed25519_nu } from './hash-to-curve/edwards25519_XMD:SHA-512_ELL2_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as ed25519_nu } from './hash-to-curve/edwards25519_XMD_SHA-512_ELL2_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 // ed448
-import { default as ed448_ro } from './hash-to-curve/edwards448_XOF:SHAKE256_ELL2_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as ed448_ro } from './hash-to-curve/edwards448_XOF_SHAKE256_ELL2_RO_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
-import { default as ed448_nu } from './hash-to-curve/edwards448_XOF:SHAKE256_ELL2_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as ed448_nu } from './hash-to-curve/edwards448_XOF_SHAKE256_ELL2_NU_.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 
 function testExpandXMD(hash, vectors) {
   describe(`${vectors.hash}/${vectors.DST.length}`, () => {

test/index.test.js

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ import { should } from 'micro-should';
 import './basic.test.js';
 import './nist.test.js';
 import './ed448.test.js';
+import './ed448-addons.test.js';
 import './ed25519.test.js';
+import './ed25519-addons.test.js';
 import './secp256k1.test.js';
 import './secp256k1-schnorr.test.js';
 import './jubjub.test.js';

test/nist.test.js

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import { hexToBytes, bytesToHex } from '../esm/abstract/utils.js';
 import { default as ecdsa } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 import { default as ecdh } from './wycheproof/ecdh_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 import { default as rfc6979 } from './vectors/rfc6979.json' assert { type: 'json' };
+import { default as endoVectors } from './vectors/secp256k1/endomorphism.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 
 import { default as ecdh_secp224r1_test } from './wycheproof/ecdh_secp224r1_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 import { default as ecdh_secp256r1_test } from './wycheproof/ecdh_secp256r1_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
@@ -94,31 +95,51 @@ should('fields', () => {
   for (const n in vectors) deepStrictEqual(NIST[n].CURVE.Fp.ORDER, vectors[n]);
 });
 
+// We don't support ASN.1 encoding of points. For tests we've implemented quick
+// and dirty parser: take X last bytes of ASN.1 encoded sequence.
+// If that doesn't work, we ignore such vector.
+function verifyECDHVector(test, curve) {
+  if (test.flags.includes('InvalidAsn')) return; // Ignore invalid ASN
+  if (test.result === 'valid' || test.result === 'acceptable') {
+    const fnLen = curve.CURVE.nByteLength; // 32 for P256
+    const fpLen = curve.CURVE.Fp.BYTES; // 32 for P256
+    const encodedHexLen = fpLen * 2 * 2 + 2; // 130 (65 * 2) for P256
+    const pubB = test.public.slice(-encodedHexLen); // slice(-130) for P256
+    let privA = test.private;
+
+    // Some wycheproof vectors are padded with 00:
+    // 00c6cafb74e2a50c83b3d232c4585237f44d4c5433c4b3f50ce978e6aeda3a4f5d
+    // instead of
+    // c6cafb74e2a50c83b3d232c4585237f44d4c5433c4b3f50ce978e6aeda3a4f5d
+    if (privA.length / 2 === fnLen + 1 && privA.startsWith('00')) privA = privA.slice(2);
+
+    if (!curve.utils.isValidPrivateKey(privA)) return; // Ignore invalid private key size
+    try {
+      curve.ProjectivePoint.fromHex(pubB);
+    } catch (e) {
+      if (e.message.startsWith('Point of length')) return; // Ignore
+      throw e;
+    }
+    const shared = curve.getSharedSecret(privA, pubB).subarray(1);
+    deepStrictEqual(hex(shared), test.shared, 'valid');
+  } else if (test.result === 'invalid') {
+    let failed = false;
+    try {
+      curve.getSharedSecret(test.private, test.public);
+    } catch (error) {
+      failed = true;
+    }
+    deepStrictEqual(failed, true, 'invalid');
+  } else throw new Error('unknown test result');
+}
+
 describe('wycheproof ECDH', () => {
   for (const group of ecdh.testGroups) {
-    const CURVE = NIST[group.curve];
+    const curve = NIST[group.curve];
-    if (!CURVE) continue;
+    if (!curve) continue;
     should(group.curve, () => {
       for (const test of group.tests) {
-        if (test.result === 'valid' || test.result === 'acceptable') {
+        verifyECDHVector(test, curve);
-          try {
-            const pub = CURVE.ProjectivePoint.fromHex(test.public);
-          } catch (e) {
-            // Our strict validation filter doesn't let weird-length DER vectors
-            if (e.message.startsWith('Point of length')) continue;
-            throw e;
-          }
-          const shared = CURVE.getSharedSecret(test.private, test.public);
-          deepStrictEqual(shared, test.shared, 'valid');
-        } else if (test.result === 'invalid') {
-          let failed = false;
-          try {
-            CURVE.getSharedSecret(test.private, test.public);
-          } catch (error) {
-            failed = true;
-          }
-          deepStrictEqual(failed, true, 'invalid');
-        } else throw new Error('unknown test result');
       }
     });
   }
@@ -150,30 +171,12 @@ describe('wycheproof ECDH', () => {
   for (const name in WYCHEPROOF_ECDH) {
     const { curve, tests } = WYCHEPROOF_ECDH[name];
     for (let i = 0; i < tests.length; i++) {
-      const test = tests[i];
+      const curveTests = tests[i];
-      for (let j = 0; j < test.testGroups.length; j++) {
+      for (let j = 0; j < curveTests.testGroups.length; j++) {
-        const group = test.testGroups[j];
+        const group = curveTests.testGroups[j];
-        should(`additional ${name} (${i}/${j})`, () => {
+        should(`additional ${name} (${group.tests.length})`, () => {
           for (const test of group.tests) {
-            if (test.result === 'valid' || test.result === 'acceptable') {
+            verifyECDHVector(test, curve);
-              try {
-                const pub = curve.ProjectivePoint.fromHex(test.public);
-              } catch (e) {
-                // Our strict validation filter doesn't let weird-length DER vectors
-                if (e.message.includes('Point of length')) continue;
-                throw e;
-              }
-              const shared = curve.getSharedSecret(test.private, test.public);
-              deepStrictEqual(hex(shared), test.shared, 'valid');
-            } else if (test.result === 'invalid') {
-              let failed = false;
-              try {
-                curve.getSharedSecret(test.private, test.public);
-              } catch (error) {
-                failed = true;
-              }
-              deepStrictEqual(failed, true, 'invalid');
-            } else throw new Error('unknown test result');
           }
         });
       }
@@ -438,7 +441,7 @@ describe('RFC6979', () => {
   }
 });
 
-should('DER Leading zero', () => {
+should('properly add leading zero to DER', () => {
   // Valid DER
   deepStrictEqual(
     DER.toSig(
@@ -465,6 +468,16 @@ should('DER Leading zero', () => {
   );
 });
 
+should('have proper GLV endomorphism logic in secp256k1', () => {
+  const Point = secp256k1.ProjectivePoint;
+  for (let item of endoVectors) {
+    const point = Point.fromAffine({ x: BigInt(item.ax), y: BigInt(item.ay) });
+    const c = point.multiplyUnsafe(BigInt(item.scalar)).toAffine();
+    deepStrictEqual(c.x, BigInt(item.cx));
+    deepStrictEqual(c.y, BigInt(item.cy));
+  }
+});
+
 // ESM is broken.
 import url from 'url';
 if (import.meta.url === url.pathToFileURL(process.argv[1]).href) {

test/poseidon.test.js

@@ -163,6 +163,7 @@ should('poseidonperm_x5_255_3', () => {
     t,
     roundsFull: 8,
     roundsPartial: 57,
+    sboxPower: 5,
     mds,
     roundConstants,
   });
@@ -229,6 +230,7 @@ should('poseidonperm_x5_255_5', () => {
     t,
     roundsFull: 8,
     roundsPartial: 60,
+    sboxPower: 5,
     mds,
     roundConstants,
   });
@@ -280,6 +282,7 @@ should('poseidonperm_x5_254_3', () => {
     t,
     roundsFull: 8,
     roundsPartial: 57,
+    sboxPower: 5,
     mds,
     roundConstants,
   });
@@ -347,6 +350,7 @@ should('poseidonperm_x5_254_5', () => {
     t,
     roundsFull: 8,
     roundsPartial: 60,
+    sboxPower: 5,
     mds,
     roundConstants,
   });

test/secp256k1.test.js

@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ import { default as privates } from './vectors/secp256k1/privates.json' assert {
 import { default as points } from './vectors/secp256k1/points.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 import { default as wp } from './wycheproof/ecdsa_secp256k1_sha256_test.json' assert { type: 'json' };
 
+// Any changes to the file will need to be aware of the fact
+// the file is shared between noble-curves and noble-secp256k1.
+
 const Point = secp.ProjectivePoint;
 const privatesTxt = readFileSync('./test/vectors/secp256k1/privates-2.txt', 'utf-8');
 
@@ -265,6 +268,33 @@ describe('secp256k1', () => {
         deepStrictEqual(sign(ent5), e.extraEntropyMax);
       }
     });
+
+    should('handle one byte {extraData}', () => {
+      const extraEntropy = '01';
+      const privKey = hexToBytes(
+        '0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101'
+      );
+      const msg = 'd1a9dc8ed4e46a6a3e5e594615ca351d7d7ef44df1e4c94c1802f3592183794b';
+      const res = secp.sign(msg, privKey, { extraEntropy }).toCompactHex();
+      deepStrictEqual(
+        res,
+        'a250ec23a54bfdecf0e924cbf484077c5044410f915cdba86731cb2e4e925aaa5b1e4e3553d88be2c48a9a0d8d849ce2cc5720d25b2f97473e02f2550abe9545'
+      );
+    });
+
+    should('handle 48 bytes {extraData}', () => {
+      const extraEntropy =
+        '000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000001';
+      const privKey = hexToBytes(
+        '0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101'
+      );
+      const msg = 'd1a9dc8ed4e46a6a3e5e594615ca351d7d7ef44df1e4c94c1802f3592183794b';
+      const res = secp.sign(msg, privKey, { extraEntropy }).toCompactHex();
+      deepStrictEqual(
+        res,
+        '2bdf40f42ac0e42ee12750d03bb12b75306dae58eb3c961c5a80d78efae93e595295b66e8eb28f1eb046bb129a976340312159ec0c20b97342667572e4a8379a'
+      );
+    });
   });
 
   describe('verify()', () => {

test/vectors/secp256k1/endomorphism.json

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+[
+  {
+    "desc": "k1neg=true, k2neg=false",
+    "ax": "55066263022277343669578718895168534326250603453777594175500187360389116729240",
+    "ay": "32670510020758816978083085130507043184471273380659243275938904335757337482424",
+    "scalar": "2704427838213584814824020837927043695889",
+    "cx": "70912011419250646761259860556624974262679413898110209707622032756145750038852",
+    "cy": "46481114889376149700487001434152190585794282401306514438088690968308506923285"
+  },
+  {
+    "desc": "k1neg=false, k2neg=true",
+    "ax": "55066263022277343669578718895168534326250603453777594175500187360389116729240",
+    "ay": "32670510020758816978083085130507043184471273380659243275938904335757337482424",
+    "scalar": "367917413016453100223835821029139468248",
+    "cx": "10322688129782350538653828383726187034025074756440739323015371090593152139135",
+    "cy": "68793242610611269092604721689053086352541804982835045879816374698216278704126"
+  },
+  {
+    "desc": "k1neg=true, k2neg=true",
+    "ax": "55066263022277343669578718895168534326250603453777594175500187360389116729240",
+    "ay": "32670510020758816978083085130507043184471273380659243275938904335757337482424",
+    "scalar": "3808180077262944115495528301014462100633",
+    "cx": "14215418389480067884450074673878587420586762919133643262861030012154939932102",
+    "cy": "29847359538023735520768762420255189621104408153695873716448888266404867737302"
+  }
+]

tsconfig.esm.json

@@ -1,20 +1,9 @@
 {
-    "compilerOptions": {
+  "extends": "@paulmillr/jsbt/tsconfigs/esm.json",
-        "strict": true,
+  "compilerOptions": {
-        "outDir": "esm",
+    "outDir": "esm",
-        "target": "es2020",
+    "target": "ES2015"
-        "module": "es6",
+  },
-        "moduleResolution": "node16",
+  "include": ["index.ts", "src"],
-        "noUnusedLocals": true,
+  "exclude": ["node_modules", "lib"]
-        "sourceMap": true,
+}
-        "baseUrl": ".",
-        "paths": {
-            "@noble/hashes/crypto": [ "src/crypto" ]
-        },
-    },
-    "include": ["src"],
-    "exclude": [
-        "node_modules",
-        "lib",
-    ],
-}

tsconfig.json

@@ -1,20 +1,9 @@
 {
-    "compilerOptions": {
+  "extends": "@paulmillr/jsbt/tsconfigs/cjs.json",
-        "strict": true,
+  "compilerOptions": {
-        "declaration": true,
+    "outDir": ".",
-        "declarationMap": true,
+    "target": "ES2015"
-        "sourceMap": true,
+  },
-        "outDir": ".",
+  "include": ["index.ts", "src"],
-        "target": "es2020",
+  "exclude": ["node_modules", "lib"]
-        "lib": ["es2020"], // Set explicitly to remove DOM
+}
-        "module": "commonjs",
-        "moduleResolution": "node",
-        "noUnusedLocals": true,
-        "baseUrl": ".",
-    },
-    "include": ["src"],
-    "exclude": [
-        "node_modules",
-        "*.d.ts"
-    ],
-}