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Powers of Tau
This is a multi-party computation (MPC) ceremony which constructs partial zk-SNARK parameters for all circuits up to a depth of 221. It works by taking a step that is performed by all zk-SNARK MPCs and performing it in just one single ceremony. This makes individual zk-SNARK MPCs much cheaper and allows them to scale to practically unbounded numbers of participants.
This protocol is described in a forthcoming paper. It produces parameters for an adaptation of Jens Groth's 2016 pairing-based proving system using the BLS12-381 elliptic curve construction. The security proof relies on a randomness beacon being applied at the end of the ceremony.
Instructions
If you've been asked to participate, you were sent a challenge file. Put that in the current directory and use your Rust toolchain to execute the computation:
cargo run --release --bin compute
The process could take an hour or so. When it's finished, it will place a response file in the current directory. That's what you send back. It will also print a hash of the response file it produced. You need to write this hash down (or post it publicly) so that you and others can confirm that your contribution exists in the final transcript of the ceremony.
Recommendations
Participants of the ceremony sample some randomness, perform a computation, and then destroy the randomness. Only one participant needs to do this successfully to ensure the final parameters are secure. In order to see that this randomness is truly destroyed, participants may take various kinds of precautions:
- putting the machine in a Faraday cage
- destroying the machine afterwards
- running the software on secure hardware
- not connecting the hardware to any networks
- using multiple machines and randomly picking the result of one of them to use
- using different code than what we have provided
- using a secure operating system
- using an operating system that nobody would expect you to use (Rust can compile to Mac OS X and Windows)
- using an unusual Rust toolchain or alternate rust compiler
- lots of other ideas we can't think of
It is totally up to the participants. In general, participants should beware of side-channel attacks and assume that remnants of the randomness will be in RAM after the computation has finished.
License
Licensed under either of
- Apache License, Version 2.0, (LICENSE-APACHE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
- MIT license (LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
at your option.
Contribution
Unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the work by you, as defined in the Apache-2.0 license, shall be dual licensed as above, without any additional terms or conditions.