update for test

this case failed randomly in github CI, the ratio of around 20%
but can not be reproduced locally by:
```
  go test -p 1 -v -run TestSnapSyncWithBlobs -count 100
```
there could be a potential risk between `runEthPeer` and `runSnapExtension`,as
they shared the same handler.peers.
Add extra wait time for `runEthPeer` to resolve it.

And same for another UT: testBroadcastBlock

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,4 +1,20 @@
 # Changelog
+## v1.4.10
+### FEATURE
+NA
+
+### IMPROVEMENT
+* [\#2512](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2512) feat: add mev helper params and func
+* [\#2508](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2508) perf: speedup pbss trienode read
+* [\#2509](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2509) perf: optimize chain commit performance for multi-database
+* [\#2451](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2451) core/forkchoice: improve stability when inturn block not generate
+
+### BUGFIX
+* [\#2518](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2518) fix: remove zero gasprice check for BSC
+* [\#2519](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2519) UT: random failure of TestSnapSyncWithBlobs
+* [\#2515](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2515) fix getBlobSidecars by ethclient
+* [\#2525](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2525) fix: ensure empty withdrawals after cancun before broadcast
+
 ## v1.4.9
 ### FEATURE
 * [\#2463](https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/2463)  utils: add check_blobtx.js

core/blockchain.go

@@ -301,6 +301,7 @@ type BlockChain struct {
 	diffLayerFreezerBlockLimit uint64
 
 	wg            sync.WaitGroup
+	dbWg          sync.WaitGroup
 	quit          chan struct{} // shutdown signal, closed in Stop.
 	stopping      atomic.Bool   // false if chain is running, true when stopped
 	procInterrupt atomic.Bool   // interrupt signaler for block processing
@@ -669,7 +670,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) cacheBlock(hash common.Hash, block *types.Block) {
 // into node seamlessly.
 func (bc *BlockChain) empty() bool {
 	genesis := bc.genesisBlock.Hash()
-	for _, hash := range []common.Hash{rawdb.ReadHeadBlockHash(bc.db.BlockStore()), rawdb.ReadHeadHeaderHash(bc.db.BlockStore()), rawdb.ReadHeadFastBlockHash(bc.db)} {
+	for _, hash := range []common.Hash{rawdb.ReadHeadBlockHash(bc.db.BlockStore()), rawdb.ReadHeadHeaderHash(bc.db.BlockStore()), rawdb.ReadHeadFastBlockHash(bc.db.BlockStore())} {
 		if hash != genesis {
 			return false
 		}
@@ -738,7 +739,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) loadLastState() error {
 	bc.currentSnapBlock.Store(headBlock.Header())
 	headFastBlockGauge.Update(int64(headBlock.NumberU64()))
 
-	if head := rawdb.ReadHeadFastBlockHash(bc.db); head != (common.Hash{}) {
+	if head := rawdb.ReadHeadFastBlockHash(bc.db.BlockStore()); head != (common.Hash{}) {
 		if block := bc.GetBlockByHash(head); block != nil {
 			bc.currentSnapBlock.Store(block.Header())
 			headFastBlockGauge.Update(int64(block.NumberU64()))
@@ -1137,7 +1138,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) setHeadBeyondRoot(head uint64, time uint64, root common.Ha
 	// If SetHead was only called as a chain reparation method, try to skip
 	// touching the header chain altogether, unless the freezer is broken
 	if repair {
-		if target, force := updateFn(bc.db, bc.CurrentBlock()); force {
+		if target, force := updateFn(bc.db.BlockStore(), bc.CurrentBlock()); force {
 			bc.hc.SetHead(target.Number.Uint64(), updateFn, delFn)
 		}
 	} else {
@@ -1298,19 +1299,33 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) ExportN(w io.Writer, first uint64, last uint64) error {
 //
 // Note, this function assumes that the `mu` mutex is held!
 func (bc *BlockChain) writeHeadBlock(block *types.Block) {
-	// Add the block to the canonical chain number scheme and mark as the head
+	bc.dbWg.Add(2)
-	rawdb.WriteCanonicalHash(bc.db.BlockStore(), block.Hash(), block.NumberU64())
+	defer bc.dbWg.Wait()
-	rawdb.WriteHeadHeaderHash(bc.db.BlockStore(), block.Hash())
+	go func() {
-	rawdb.WriteHeadBlockHash(bc.db.BlockStore(), block.Hash())
+		defer bc.dbWg.Done()
+		// Add the block to the canonical chain number scheme and mark as the head
+		blockBatch := bc.db.BlockStore().NewBatch()
+		rawdb.WriteCanonicalHash(blockBatch, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64())
+		rawdb.WriteHeadHeaderHash(blockBatch, block.Hash())
+		rawdb.WriteHeadBlockHash(blockBatch, block.Hash())
+		rawdb.WriteHeadFastBlockHash(blockBatch, block.Hash())
+		// Flush the whole batch into the disk, exit the node if failed
+		if err := blockBatch.Write(); err != nil {
+			log.Crit("Failed to update chain indexes and markers in block db", "err", err)
+		}
+	}()
+	go func() {
+		defer bc.dbWg.Done()
 
-	batch := bc.db.NewBatch()
+		batch := bc.db.NewBatch()
-	rawdb.WriteHeadFastBlockHash(batch, block.Hash())
+		rawdb.WriteTxLookupEntriesByBlock(batch, block)
-	rawdb.WriteTxLookupEntriesByBlock(batch, block)
+
+		// Flush the whole batch into the disk, exit the node if failed
+		if err := batch.Write(); err != nil {
+			log.Crit("Failed to update chain indexes in chain db", "err", err)
+		}
+	}()
 
-	// Flush the whole batch into the disk, exit the node if failed
-	if err := batch.Write(); err != nil {
-		log.Crit("Failed to update chain indexes and markers", "err", err)
-	}
 	// Update all in-memory chain markers in the last step
 	bc.hc.SetCurrentHeader(block.Header())
 
@@ -1531,7 +1546,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) InsertReceiptChain(blockChain types.Blocks, receiptChain [
 			} else if !reorg {
 				return false
 			}
-			rawdb.WriteHeadFastBlockHash(bc.db, head.Hash())
+			rawdb.WriteHeadFastBlockHash(bc.db.BlockStore(), head.Hash())
 			bc.currentSnapBlock.Store(head.Header())
 			headFastBlockGauge.Update(int64(head.NumberU64()))
 			return true
@@ -1774,7 +1789,6 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) writeBlockWithState(block *types.Block, receipts []*types.
 	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
 	wg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
-		rawdb.WritePreimages(bc.db, state.Preimages())
 		blockBatch := bc.db.BlockStore().NewBatch()
 		rawdb.WriteTd(blockBatch, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), externTd)
 		rawdb.WriteBlock(blockBatch, block)
@@ -1783,7 +1797,11 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) writeBlockWithState(block *types.Block, receipts []*types.
 		if bc.chainConfig.IsCancun(block.Number(), block.Time()) {
 			rawdb.WriteBlobSidecars(blockBatch, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), block.Sidecars())
 		}
-		rawdb.WritePreimages(blockBatch, state.Preimages())
+		if bc.db.StateStore() != nil {
+			rawdb.WritePreimages(bc.db.StateStore(), state.Preimages())
+		} else {
+			rawdb.WritePreimages(blockBatch, state.Preimages())
+		}
 		if err := blockBatch.Write(); err != nil {
 			log.Crit("Failed to write block into disk", "err", err)
 		}

core/forkchoice.go

@@ -114,7 +114,9 @@ func (f *ForkChoice) ReorgNeeded(current *types.Header, extern *types.Header) (b
 		if f.preserve != nil {
 			currentPreserve, externPreserve = f.preserve(current), f.preserve(extern)
 		}
-		reorg = !currentPreserve && (externPreserve || f.rand.Float64() < 0.5)
+		reorg = !currentPreserve && (externPreserve ||
+			extern.Time < current.Time ||
+			extern.Time == current.Time && f.rand.Float64() < 0.5)
 	}
 	return reorg, nil
 }

core/genesis.go

@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ func (g *Genesis) Commit(db ethdb.Database, triedb *triedb.Database) (*types.Blo
 	rawdb.WriteReceipts(db.BlockStore(), block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), nil)
 	rawdb.WriteCanonicalHash(db.BlockStore(), block.Hash(), block.NumberU64())
 	rawdb.WriteHeadBlockHash(db.BlockStore(), block.Hash())
-	rawdb.WriteHeadFastBlockHash(db, block.Hash())
+	rawdb.WriteHeadFastBlockHash(db.BlockStore(), block.Hash())
 	rawdb.WriteHeadHeaderHash(db.BlockStore(), block.Hash())
 	rawdb.WriteChainConfig(db, block.Hash(), config)
 	return block, nil

core/headerchain.go

@@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ func (hc *HeaderChain) setHead(headBlock uint64, headTime uint64, updateFn Updat
 		// first then remove the relative data from the database.
 		//
 		// Update head first(head fast block, head full block) before deleting the data.
-		markerBatch := hc.chainDb.NewBatch()
+		markerBatch := hc.chainDb.BlockStore().NewBatch()
 		if updateFn != nil {
 			newHead, force := updateFn(markerBatch, parent)
 			if force && ((headTime > 0 && newHead.Time < headTime) || (headTime == 0 && newHead.Number.Uint64() < headBlock)) {
@@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ func (hc *HeaderChain) setHead(headBlock uint64, headTime uint64, updateFn Updat
 			}
 		}
 		// Update head header then.
-		rawdb.WriteHeadHeaderHash(hc.chainDb.BlockStore(), parentHash)
+		rawdb.WriteHeadHeaderHash(markerBatch, parentHash)
 		if err := markerBatch.Write(); err != nil {
 			log.Crit("Failed to update chain markers", "error", err)
 		}

core/rawdb/chain_iterator.go

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ func InitDatabaseFromFreezer(db ethdb.Database) {
 	batch.Reset()
 
 	WriteHeadHeaderHash(db.BlockStore(), hash)
-	WriteHeadFastBlockHash(db, hash)
+	WriteHeadFastBlockHash(db.BlockStore(), hash)
 	log.Info("Initialized database from freezer", "blocks", frozen, "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
 }
 

core/rawdb/database.go

@@ -873,7 +873,7 @@ func DataTypeByKey(key []byte) DataType {
 				return StateDataType
 			}
 		}
-		for _, meta := range [][]byte{headHeaderKey, headFinalizedBlockKey} {
+		for _, meta := range [][]byte{headHeaderKey, headFinalizedBlockKey, headBlockKey, headFastBlockKey} {
 			if bytes.Equal(key, meta) {
 				return BlockDataType
 			}
@@ -1088,7 +1088,7 @@ func InspectDatabase(db ethdb.Database, keyPrefix, keyStart []byte) error {
 				hashNumPairings.Add(size)
 			default:
 				var accounted bool
-				for _, meta := range [][]byte{headHeaderKey, headFinalizedBlockKey} {
+				for _, meta := range [][]byte{headHeaderKey, headFinalizedBlockKey, headBlockKey, headFastBlockKey} {
 					if bytes.Equal(key, meta) {
 						metadata.Add(size)
 						accounted = true
@@ -1282,7 +1282,7 @@ func ReadChainMetadataFromMultiDatabase(db ethdb.Database) [][]string {
 	data := [][]string{
 		{"databaseVersion", pp(ReadDatabaseVersion(db))},
 		{"headBlockHash", fmt.Sprintf("%v", ReadHeadBlockHash(db.BlockStore()))},
-		{"headFastBlockHash", fmt.Sprintf("%v", ReadHeadFastBlockHash(db))},
+		{"headFastBlockHash", fmt.Sprintf("%v", ReadHeadFastBlockHash(db.BlockStore()))},
 		{"headHeaderHash", fmt.Sprintf("%v", ReadHeadHeaderHash(db.BlockStore()))},
 		{"lastPivotNumber", pp(ReadLastPivotNumber(db))},
 		{"len(snapshotSyncStatus)", fmt.Sprintf("%d bytes", len(ReadSnapshotSyncStatus(db)))},

core/systemcontracts/haber_fix/types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package haber_fix
+
+import _ "embed"
+
+// contract codes for Chapel upgrade
+var (
+	//go:embed chapel/ValidatorContract
+	ChapelValidatorContract string
+	//go:embed chapel/SlashContract
+	ChapelSlashContract string
+)

core/systemcontracts/upgrade.go

@@ -7,14 +7,12 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
-
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/systemcontracts/bruno"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/systemcontracts/euler"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/systemcontracts/feynman"
 	feynmanFix "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/systemcontracts/feynman_fix"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/systemcontracts/gibbs"
+	haberFix "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/systemcontracts/haber_fix"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/systemcontracts/kepler"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/systemcontracts/luban"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/systemcontracts/mirror"
@@ -23,6 +21,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/systemcontracts/planck"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/systemcontracts/plato"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/systemcontracts/ramanujan"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 )
 
 type UpgradeConfig struct {
@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ var (
 	feynmanUpgrade = make(map[string]*Upgrade)
 
 	feynmanFixUpgrade = make(map[string]*Upgrade)
+
+	haberFixUpgrade = make(map[string]*Upgrade)
 )
 
 func init() {
@@ -701,6 +703,22 @@ func init() {
 			},
 		},
 	}
+
+	haberFixUpgrade[chapelNet] = &Upgrade{
+		UpgradeName: "haberFix",
+		Configs: []*UpgradeConfig{
+			{
+				ContractAddr: common.HexToAddress(ValidatorContract),
+				CommitUrl:    "https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc-genesis-contract/commit/2d6372ddba77902ef01e45887a425938376d5a5c",
+				Code:         haberFix.ChapelValidatorContract,
+			},
+			{
+				ContractAddr: common.HexToAddress(SlashContract),
+				CommitUrl:    "https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc-genesis-contract/commit/2d6372ddba77902ef01e45887a425938376d5a5c",
+				Code:         haberFix.ChapelSlashContract,
+			},
+		},
+	}
 }
 
 func UpgradeBuildInSystemContract(config *params.ChainConfig, blockNumber *big.Int, lastBlockTime uint64, blockTime uint64, statedb *state.StateDB) {
@@ -777,6 +795,10 @@ func UpgradeBuildInSystemContract(config *params.ChainConfig, blockNumber *big.I
 		applySystemContractUpgrade(feynmanFixUpgrade[network], blockNumber, statedb, logger)
 	}
 
+	if config.IsOnHaberFix(blockNumber, lastBlockTime, blockTime) {
+		applySystemContractUpgrade(haberFixUpgrade[network], blockNumber, statedb, logger)
+	}
+
 	/*
 		apply other upgrades
 	*/

core/types/bid.go

@@ -193,5 +193,7 @@ type MevParams struct {
 	ValidatorCommission   uint64 // 100 means 1%
 	BidSimulationLeftOver time.Duration
 	GasCeil               uint64
+	GasPrice              *big.Int // Minimum avg gas price for bid block
 	BuilderFeeCeil        *big.Int
+	Version               string
 }

eth/api_backend.go

@@ -484,6 +484,10 @@ func (b *EthAPIBackend) RemoveBuilder(builder common.Address) error {
 	return b.Miner().RemoveBuilder(builder)
 }
 
+func (b *EthAPIBackend) HasBuilder(builder common.Address) bool {
+	return b.Miner().HasBuilder(builder)
+}
+
 func (b *EthAPIBackend) SendBid(ctx context.Context, bid *types.BidArgs) (common.Hash, error) {
 	return b.Miner().SendBid(ctx, bid)
 }

eth/backend.go

@@ -161,12 +161,18 @@ func New(stack *node.Node, config *ethconfig.Config) (*Ethereum, error) {
 	// Optimize memory distribution by reallocating surplus allowance from the
 	// dirty cache to the clean cache.
 	if config.StateScheme == rawdb.PathScheme && config.TrieDirtyCache > pathdb.MaxDirtyBufferSize/1024/1024 {
-		log.Info("Capped dirty cache size", "provided", common.StorageSize(config.TrieDirtyCache)*1024*1024, "adjusted", common.StorageSize(pathdb.MaxDirtyBufferSize))
+		log.Info("Capped dirty cache size", "provided", common.StorageSize(config.TrieDirtyCache)*1024*1024,
-		log.Info("Clean cache size", "provided", common.StorageSize(config.TrieCleanCache)*1024*1024)
+			"adjusted", common.StorageSize(pathdb.MaxDirtyBufferSize))
+		log.Info("Clean cache size", "provided", common.StorageSize(config.TrieCleanCache)*1024*1024,
+			"adjusted", common.StorageSize(config.TrieCleanCache+config.TrieDirtyCache-pathdb.MaxDirtyBufferSize/1024/1024)*1024*1024)
+		config.TrieCleanCache += config.TrieDirtyCache - pathdb.MaxDirtyBufferSize/1024/1024
 		config.TrieDirtyCache = pathdb.MaxDirtyBufferSize / 1024 / 1024
 	}
-	log.Info("Allocated trie memory caches", "clean", common.StorageSize(config.TrieCleanCache)*1024*1024, "dirty", common.StorageSize(config.TrieDirtyCache)*1024*1024)
+	log.Info("Allocated memory caches",
-
+		"state_scheme", config.StateScheme,
+		"trie_clean_cache", common.StorageSize(config.TrieCleanCache)*1024*1024,
+		"trie_dirty_cache", common.StorageSize(config.TrieDirtyCache)*1024*1024,
+		"snapshot_cache", common.StorageSize(config.SnapshotCache)*1024*1024)
 	// Try to recover offline state pruning only in hash-based.
 	if config.StateScheme == rawdb.HashScheme {
 		if err := pruner.RecoverPruning(stack.ResolvePath(""), chainDb, config.TriesInMemory); err != nil {

eth/fetcher/block_fetcher.go

@@ -731,9 +731,6 @@ func (f *BlockFetcher) loop() {
 						matched = true
 						if f.getBlock(hash) == nil {
 							block := types.NewBlockWithHeader(announce.header).WithBody(task.transactions[i], task.uncles[i])
-							if block.Header().EmptyWithdrawalsHash() {
-								block = block.WithWithdrawals(make([]*types.Withdrawal, 0))
-							}
 							block = block.WithSidecars(task.sidecars[i])
 							block.ReceivedAt = task.time
 							blocks = append(blocks, block)
@@ -919,6 +916,10 @@ func (f *BlockFetcher) importBlocks(op *blockOrHeaderInject) {
 			return
 		}
 
+		if block.Header().EmptyWithdrawalsHash() {
+			block = block.WithWithdrawals(make([]*types.Withdrawal, 0))
+		}
+
 		defer func() { f.done <- hash }()
 		// Quickly validate the header and propagate the block if it passes
 		switch err := f.verifyHeader(block.Header()); err {

eth/handler_eth_test.go

@@ -633,6 +633,9 @@ func testBroadcastBlock(t *testing.T, peers, bcasts int) {
 		go source.handler.runEthPeer(sourcePeer, func(peer *eth.Peer) error {
 			return eth.Handle((*ethHandler)(source.handler), peer)
 		})
+		// Wait a bit for the above handlers to start
+		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
 		if err := sinkPeer.Handshake(1, td, genesis.Hash(), genesis.Hash(), forkid.NewIDWithChain(source.chain), forkid.NewFilter(source.chain), nil); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("failed to run protocol handshake")
 		}

eth/sync_test.go

@@ -151,6 +151,8 @@ func testChainSyncWithBlobs(t *testing.T, mode downloader.SyncMode, preCancunBlk
 	go full.handler.runEthPeer(fullPeerEth, func(peer *eth.Peer) error {
 		return eth.Handle((*ethHandler)(full.handler), peer)
 	})
+	// Wait a bit for the above handlers to start
+	time.Sleep(250 * time.Millisecond)
 
 	emptyPipeSnap, fullPipeSnap := p2p.MsgPipe()
 	defer emptyPipeSnap.Close()

ethclient/ethclient.go

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ func (ec *Client) BlockReceipts(ctx context.Context, blockNrOrHash rpc.BlockNumb
 // BlobSidecars return the Sidecars of a given block number or hash.
 func (ec *Client) BlobSidecars(ctx context.Context, blockNrOrHash rpc.BlockNumberOrHash) ([]*types.BlobTxSidecar, error) {
 	var r []*types.BlobTxSidecar
-	err := ec.c.CallContext(ctx, &r, "eth_getBlobSidecars", blockNrOrHash.String(), true)
+	err := ec.c.CallContext(ctx, &r, "eth_getBlobSidecars", blockNrOrHash.String())
 	if err == nil && r == nil {
 		return nil, ethereum.NotFound
 	}
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ func (ec *Client) BlobSidecars(ctx context.Context, blockNrOrHash rpc.BlockNumbe
 // BlobSidecarByTxHash return a sidecar of a given blob transaction
 func (ec *Client) BlobSidecarByTxHash(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash) (*types.BlobTxSidecar, error) {
 	var r *types.BlobTxSidecar
-	err := ec.c.CallContext(ctx, &r, "eth_getBlockSidecarByTxHash", hash, true)
+	err := ec.c.CallContext(ctx, &r, "eth_getBlobSidecarByTxHash", hash)
 	if err == nil && r == nil {
 		return nil, ethereum.NotFound
 	}
@@ -752,6 +752,13 @@ func (ec *Client) MevRunning(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
 	return result, err
 }
 
+// HasBuilder returns whether the builder is registered
+func (ec *Client) HasBuilder(ctx context.Context, address common.Address) (bool, error) {
+	var result bool
+	err := ec.c.CallContext(ctx, &result, "mev_hasBuilder", address)
+	return result, err
+}
+
 // SendBid sends a bid
 func (ec *Client) SendBid(ctx context.Context, args types.BidArgs) (common.Hash, error) {
 	var hash common.Hash

internal/ethapi/api_mev.go

@@ -87,6 +87,10 @@ func (m *MevAPI) Params() *types.MevParams {
 	return m.b.MevParams()
 }
 
+func (m *MevAPI) HasBuilder(builder common.Address) bool {
+	return m.b.HasBuilder(builder)
+}
+
 // Running returns true if mev is running
 func (m *MevAPI) Running() bool {
 	return m.b.MevRunning()

internal/ethapi/api_test.go

@@ -650,7 +650,8 @@ func (b testBackend) ServiceFilter(ctx context.Context, session *bloombits.Match
 	panic("implement me")
 }
 
-func (b *testBackend) MevRunning() bool { return false }
+func (b *testBackend) MevRunning() bool                       { return false }
+func (b *testBackend) HasBuilder(builder common.Address) bool { return false }
 func (b *testBackend) MevParams() *types.MevParams {
 	return &types.MevParams{}
 }

internal/ethapi/backend.go

@@ -115,6 +115,8 @@ type Backend interface {
 	AddBuilder(builder common.Address, builderUrl string) error
 	// RemoveBuilder removes a builder from the bid simulator.
 	RemoveBuilder(builder common.Address) error
+	// HasBuilder returns true if the builder is in the builder list.
+	HasBuilder(builder common.Address) bool
 	// SendBid receives bid from the builders.
 	SendBid(ctx context.Context, bid *types.BidArgs) (common.Hash, error)
 	// BestBidGasFee returns the gas fee of the best bid for the given parent hash.

internal/ethapi/transaction_args.go

@@ -204,7 +204,8 @@ func (args *TransactionArgs) setFeeDefaults(ctx context.Context, b Backend) erro
 	// Sanity check the EIP-1559 fee parameters if present.
 	if args.GasPrice == nil && eip1559ParamsSet {
 		if args.MaxFeePerGas.ToInt().Sign() == 0 {
-			return errors.New("maxFeePerGas must be non-zero")
+			// return errors.New("maxFeePerGas must be non-zero")
+			log.Warn("EIP-1559 Tx with zero maxFeePerGas") // BSC accepts zero gas price.
 		}
 		if args.MaxFeePerGas.ToInt().Cmp(args.MaxPriorityFeePerGas.ToInt()) < 0 {
 			return fmt.Errorf("maxFeePerGas (%v) < maxPriorityFeePerGas (%v)", args.MaxFeePerGas, args.MaxPriorityFeePerGas)
@@ -217,7 +218,8 @@ func (args *TransactionArgs) setFeeDefaults(ctx context.Context, b Backend) erro
 	if args.GasPrice != nil && !eip1559ParamsSet {
 		// Zero gas-price is not allowed after London fork
 		if args.GasPrice.ToInt().Sign() == 0 && isLondon {
-			return errors.New("gasPrice must be non-zero after london fork")
+			// return errors.New("gasPrice must be non-zero after london fork")
+			log.Warn("non EIP-1559 Tx with zero gasPrice") // BSC accepts zero gas price.
 		}
 		return nil // No need to set anything, user already set GasPrice
 	}

internal/ethapi/transaction_args_test.go

@@ -85,8 +85,8 @@ func TestSetFeeDefaults(t *testing.T) {
 			"legacy tx post-London with zero price",
 			"london",
 			&TransactionArgs{GasPrice: zero},
-			nil,
+			&TransactionArgs{GasPrice: zero},
-			errors.New("gasPrice must be non-zero after london fork"),
+			nil, // errors.New("gasPrice must be non-zero after london fork"),
 		},
 
 		// Access list txs
@@ -180,8 +180,8 @@ func TestSetFeeDefaults(t *testing.T) {
 			"dynamic fee tx post-London, explicit gas price",
 			"london",
 			&TransactionArgs{MaxFeePerGas: zero, MaxPriorityFeePerGas: zero},
-			nil,
+			&TransactionArgs{MaxFeePerGas: zero, MaxPriorityFeePerGas: zero},
-			errors.New("maxFeePerGas must be non-zero"),
+			nil, // errors.New("maxFeePerGas must be non-zero"),
 		},
 
 		// Misc
@@ -416,7 +416,8 @@ func (b *backendMock) SubscribeRemovedLogsEvent(ch chan<- core.RemovedLogsEvent)
 
 func (b *backendMock) Engine() consensus.Engine { return nil }
 
-func (b *backendMock) MevRunning() bool { return false }
+func (b *backendMock) MevRunning() bool                       { return false }
+func (b *backendMock) HasBuilder(builder common.Address) bool { return false }
 func (b *backendMock) MevParams() *types.MevParams {
 	return &types.MevParams{}
 }

miner/miner_mev.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 )
 
 type BuilderConfig struct {
@@ -59,6 +60,11 @@ func (miner *Miner) RemoveBuilder(builderAddr common.Address) error {
 	return miner.bidSimulator.RemoveBuilder(builderAddr)
 }
 
+// HasBuilder returns true if the builder is in the builder list.
+func (miner *Miner) HasBuilder(builder common.Address) bool {
+	return miner.bidSimulator.ExistBuilder(builder)
+}
+
 func (miner *Miner) SendBid(ctx context.Context, bidArgs *types.BidArgs) (common.Hash, error) {
 	builder, err := bidArgs.EcrecoverSender()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -117,6 +123,8 @@ func (miner *Miner) MevParams() *types.MevParams {
 		ValidatorCommission:   miner.worker.config.Mev.ValidatorCommission,
 		BidSimulationLeftOver: miner.worker.config.Mev.BidSimulationLeftOver,
 		GasCeil:               miner.worker.config.GasCeil,
+		GasPrice:              miner.worker.config.GasPrice,
 		BuilderFeeCeil:        builderFeeCeil,
+		Version:               params.Version,
 	}
 }

params/config.go

@@ -234,11 +234,12 @@ var (
 		FeynmanFixTime:      newUint64(0),
 		CancunTime:          newUint64(0),
 		HaberTime:           newUint64(0),
-		BohrTime:            newUint64(0),
+		HaberFixTime:        _rialto_upgrade_height_,
+		BohrTime:            _rialto_upgrade_height_,
 
 		Parlia: &ParliaConfig{
-			Period: 3,
+			Period: _rialto_parlia_period_,
-			Epoch:  200,
+			Epoch:  _rialto_parlia_period_,
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -512,6 +513,7 @@ type ChainConfig struct {
 	FeynmanFixTime *uint64 `json:"feynmanFixTime,omitempty"` // FeynmanFix switch time (nil = no fork, 0 = already activated)
 	CancunTime     *uint64 `json:"cancunTime,omitempty"`     // Cancun switch time (nil = no fork, 0 = already on cancun)
 	HaberTime      *uint64 `json:"haberTime,omitempty"`      // Haber switch time (nil = no fork, 0 = already on haber)
+	HaberFixTime   *uint64 `json:"haberFixTime,omitempty"`   // HaberFix switch time (nil = no fork, 0 = already on haberFix)
 	BohrTime       *uint64 `json:"bohrTime,omitempty"`       // Bohr switch time (nil = no fork, 0 = already on bohr)
 	PragueTime     *uint64 `json:"pragueTime,omitempty"`     // Prague switch time (nil = no fork, 0 = already on prague)
 	VerkleTime     *uint64 `json:"verkleTime,omitempty"`     // Verkle switch time (nil = no fork, 0 = already on verkle)
@@ -623,12 +625,17 @@ func (c *ChainConfig) String() string {
 		HaberTime = big.NewInt(0).SetUint64(*c.HaberTime)
 	}
 
+	var HaberFixTime *big.Int
+	if c.HaberFixTime != nil {
+		HaberFixTime = big.NewInt(0).SetUint64(*c.HaberFixTime)
+	}
+
 	var BohrTime *big.Int
 	if c.BohrTime != nil {
 		BohrTime = big.NewInt(0).SetUint64(*c.BohrTime)
 	}
 
-	return fmt.Sprintf("{ChainID: %v Homestead: %v DAO: %v DAOSupport: %v EIP150: %v EIP155: %v EIP158: %v Byzantium: %v Constantinople: %v Petersburg: %v Istanbul: %v, Muir Glacier: %v, Ramanujan: %v, Niels: %v, MirrorSync: %v, Bruno: %v, Berlin: %v, YOLO v3: %v, CatalystBlock: %v, London: %v, ArrowGlacier: %v, MergeFork:%v, Euler: %v, Gibbs: %v, Nano: %v, Moran: %v, Planck: %v,Luban: %v, Plato: %v, Hertz: %v, Hertzfix: %v, ShanghaiTime: %v, KeplerTime: %v, FeynmanTime: %v, FeynmanFixTime: %v, CancunTime: %v, HaberTime: %v, BohrTime: %v, Engine: %v}",
+	return fmt.Sprintf("{ChainID: %v Homestead: %v DAO: %v DAOSupport: %v EIP150: %v EIP155: %v EIP158: %v Byzantium: %v Constantinople: %v Petersburg: %v Istanbul: %v, Muir Glacier: %v, Ramanujan: %v, Niels: %v, MirrorSync: %v, Bruno: %v, Berlin: %v, YOLO v3: %v, CatalystBlock: %v, London: %v, ArrowGlacier: %v, MergeFork:%v, Euler: %v, Gibbs: %v, Nano: %v, Moran: %v, Planck: %v,Luban: %v, Plato: %v, Hertz: %v, Hertzfix: %v, ShanghaiTime: %v, KeplerTime: %v, FeynmanTime: %v, FeynmanFixTime: %v, CancunTime: %v, HaberTime: %v, HaberFixTime: %v, BohrTime: %v, Engine: %v}",
 		c.ChainID,
 		c.HomesteadBlock,
 		c.DAOForkBlock,
@@ -666,6 +673,7 @@ func (c *ChainConfig) String() string {
 		FeynmanFixTime,
 		CancunTime,
 		HaberTime,
+		HaberFixTime,
 		BohrTime,
 		engine,
 	)
@@ -939,6 +947,20 @@ func (c *ChainConfig) IsHaber(num *big.Int, time uint64) bool {
 	return c.IsLondon(num) && isTimestampForked(c.HaberTime, time)
 }
 
+// IsHaberFix returns whether time is either equal to the HaberFix fork time or greater.
+func (c *ChainConfig) IsHaberFix(num *big.Int, time uint64) bool {
+	return c.IsLondon(num) && isTimestampForked(c.HaberFixTime, time)
+}
+
+// IsOnHaberFix returns whether currentBlockTime is either equal to the HaberFix fork time or greater firstly.
+func (c *ChainConfig) IsOnHaberFix(currentBlockNumber *big.Int, lastBlockTime uint64, currentBlockTime uint64) bool {
+	lastBlockNumber := new(big.Int)
+	if currentBlockNumber.Cmp(big.NewInt(1)) >= 0 {
+		lastBlockNumber.Sub(currentBlockNumber, big.NewInt(1))
+	}
+	return !c.IsHaberFix(lastBlockNumber, lastBlockTime) && c.IsHaberFix(currentBlockNumber, currentBlockTime)
+}
+
 // IsBohr returns whether time is either equal to the Bohr fork time or greater.
 func (c *ChainConfig) IsBohr(num *big.Int, time uint64) bool {
 	return c.IsLondon(num) && isTimestampForked(c.BohrTime, time)
@@ -1017,6 +1039,7 @@ func (c *ChainConfig) CheckConfigForkOrder() error {
 		{name: "feynmanFixTime", timestamp: c.FeynmanFixTime},
 		{name: "cancunTime", timestamp: c.CancunTime},
 		{name: "haberTime", timestamp: c.HaberTime},
+		{name: "haberFixTime", timestamp: c.HaberFixTime},
 		{name: "bohrTime", timestamp: c.BohrTime},
 		{name: "pragueTime", timestamp: c.PragueTime, optional: true},
 		{name: "verkleTime", timestamp: c.VerkleTime, optional: true},
@@ -1165,6 +1188,12 @@ func (c *ChainConfig) checkCompatible(newcfg *ChainConfig, headNumber *big.Int,
 	if isForkTimestampIncompatible(c.CancunTime, newcfg.CancunTime, headTimestamp) {
 		return newTimestampCompatError("Cancun fork timestamp", c.CancunTime, newcfg.CancunTime)
 	}
+	if isForkTimestampIncompatible(c.HaberTime, newcfg.HaberTime, headTimestamp) {
+		return newTimestampCompatError("Haber fork timestamp", c.HaberTime, newcfg.HaberTime)
+	}
+	if isForkTimestampIncompatible(c.HaberFixTime, newcfg.HaberFixTime, headTimestamp) {
+		return newTimestampCompatError("HaberFix fork timestamp", c.HaberFixTime, newcfg.HaberFixTime)
+	}
 	if isForkTimestampIncompatible(c.PragueTime, newcfg.PragueTime, headTimestamp) {
 		return newTimestampCompatError("Prague fork timestamp", c.PragueTime, newcfg.PragueTime)
 	}

params/version.go

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import (
 const (
 	VersionMajor = 1  // Major version component of the current release
 	VersionMinor = 4  // Minor version component of the current release
-	VersionPatch = 9  // Patch version component of the current release
+	VersionPatch = 10 // Patch version component of the current release
 	VersionMeta  = "" // Version metadata to append to the version string
 )
 

triedb/pathdb/difflayer.go

@@ -26,6 +26,106 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie/triestate"
 )
 
+type RefTrieNode struct {
+	refCount uint32
+	node     *trienode.Node
+}
+
+type HashNodeCache struct {
+	lock  sync.RWMutex
+	cache map[common.Hash]*RefTrieNode
+}
+
+func (h *HashNodeCache) length() int {
+	if h == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	h.lock.RLock()
+	defer h.lock.RUnlock()
+	return len(h.cache)
+}
+
+func (h *HashNodeCache) set(hash common.Hash, node *trienode.Node) {
+	if h == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	h.lock.Lock()
+	defer h.lock.Unlock()
+	if n, ok := h.cache[hash]; ok {
+		n.refCount++
+	} else {
+		h.cache[hash] = &RefTrieNode{1, node}
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *HashNodeCache) Get(hash common.Hash) *trienode.Node {
+	if h == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	h.lock.RLock()
+	defer h.lock.RUnlock()
+	if n, ok := h.cache[hash]; ok {
+		return n.node
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (h *HashNodeCache) del(hash common.Hash) {
+	if h == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	h.lock.Lock()
+	defer h.lock.Unlock()
+	n, ok := h.cache[hash]
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	if n.refCount > 0 {
+		n.refCount--
+	}
+	if n.refCount == 0 {
+		delete(h.cache, hash)
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *HashNodeCache) Add(ly layer) {
+	if h == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	dl, ok := ly.(*diffLayer)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	beforeAdd := h.length()
+	for _, subset := range dl.nodes {
+		for _, node := range subset {
+			h.set(node.Hash, node)
+		}
+	}
+	diffHashCacheLengthGauge.Update(int64(h.length()))
+	log.Debug("Add difflayer to hash map", "root", ly.rootHash(), "block_number", dl.block, "map_len", h.length(), "add_delta", h.length()-beforeAdd)
+}
+
+func (h *HashNodeCache) Remove(ly layer) {
+	if h == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	dl, ok := ly.(*diffLayer)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	go func() {
+		beforeDel := h.length()
+		for _, subset := range dl.nodes {
+			for _, node := range subset {
+				h.del(node.Hash)
+			}
+		}
+		diffHashCacheLengthGauge.Update(int64(h.length()))
+		log.Debug("Remove difflayer from hash map", "root", ly.rootHash(), "block_number", dl.block, "map_len", h.length(), "del_delta", beforeDel-h.length())
+	}()
+}
+
 // diffLayer represents a collection of modifications made to the in-memory tries
 // along with associated state changes after running a block on top.
 //
@@ -39,7 +139,10 @@ type diffLayer struct {
 	nodes  map[common.Hash]map[string]*trienode.Node // Cached trie nodes indexed by owner and path
 	states *triestate.Set                            // Associated state change set for building history
 	memory uint64                                    // Approximate guess as to how much memory we use
+	cache  *HashNodeCache                            // trienode cache by hash key. cache is immutable, but cache's item can be add/del.
 
+	// mutables
+	origin *diskLayer   // The current difflayer corresponds to the underlying disklayer and is updated during cap.
 	parent layer        // Parent layer modified by this one, never nil, **can be changed**
 	lock   sync.RWMutex // Lock used to protect parent
 }
@@ -58,6 +161,20 @@ func newDiffLayer(parent layer, root common.Hash, id uint64, block uint64, nodes
 		states: states,
 		parent: parent,
 	}
+
+	switch l := parent.(type) {
+	case *diskLayer:
+		dl.origin = l
+		dl.cache = &HashNodeCache{
+			cache: make(map[common.Hash]*RefTrieNode),
+		}
+	case *diffLayer:
+		dl.origin = l.originDiskLayer()
+		dl.cache = l.cache
+	default:
+		panic("unknown parent type")
+	}
+
 	for _, subset := range nodes {
 		for path, n := range subset {
 			dl.memory += uint64(n.Size() + len(path))
@@ -75,6 +192,12 @@ func newDiffLayer(parent layer, root common.Hash, id uint64, block uint64, nodes
 	return dl
 }
 
+func (dl *diffLayer) originDiskLayer() *diskLayer {
+	dl.lock.RLock()
+	defer dl.lock.RUnlock()
+	return dl.origin
+}
+
 // rootHash implements the layer interface, returning the root hash of
 // corresponding state.
 func (dl *diffLayer) rootHash() common.Hash {
@@ -133,6 +256,32 @@ func (dl *diffLayer) node(owner common.Hash, path []byte, hash common.Hash, dept
 // Node implements the layer interface, retrieving the trie node blob with the
 // provided node information. No error will be returned if the node is not found.
 func (dl *diffLayer) Node(owner common.Hash, path []byte, hash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
+	if n := dl.cache.Get(hash); n != nil {
+		// The query from the hash map is fastpath,
+		// avoiding recursive query of 128 difflayers.
+		diffHashCacheHitMeter.Mark(1)
+		diffHashCacheReadMeter.Mark(int64(len(n.Blob)))
+		return n.Blob, nil
+	}
+	diffHashCacheMissMeter.Mark(1)
+
+	persistLayer := dl.originDiskLayer()
+	if persistLayer != nil {
+		blob, err := persistLayer.Node(owner, path, hash)
+		if err != nil {
+			// This is a bad case with a very low probability.
+			// r/w the difflayer cache and r/w the disklayer are not in the same lock,
+			// so in extreme cases, both reading the difflayer cache and reading the disklayer may fail, eg, disklayer is stale.
+			// In this case, fallback to the original 128-layer recursive difflayer query path.
+			diffHashCacheSlowPathMeter.Mark(1)
+			log.Debug("Retry difflayer due to query origin failed", "owner", owner, "path", path, "hash", hash.String(), "error", err)
+			return dl.node(owner, path, hash, 0)
+		} else { // This is the fastpath.
+			return blob, nil
+		}
+	}
+	diffHashCacheSlowPathMeter.Mark(1)
+	log.Debug("Retry difflayer due to origin is nil", "owner", owner, "path", path, "hash", hash.String())
 	return dl.node(owner, path, hash, 0)
 }
 

triedb/pathdb/disklayer.go

@@ -286,6 +286,9 @@ func (dl *diskLayer) commit(bottom *diffLayer, force bool) (*diskLayer, error) {
 		}
 		log.Debug("Pruned state history", "items", pruned, "tailid", oldest)
 	}
+
+	// The bottom has been eaten by disklayer, releasing the hash cache of bottom difflayer.
+	bottom.cache.Remove(bottom)
 	return ndl, nil
 }
 

triedb/pathdb/layertree.go

@@ -51,9 +51,20 @@ func (tree *layerTree) reset(head layer) {
 	tree.lock.Lock()
 	defer tree.lock.Unlock()
 
+	for _, ly := range tree.layers {
+		if dl, ok := ly.(*diffLayer); ok {
+			// Clean up the hash cache of difflayers due to reset.
+			dl.cache.Remove(dl)
+		}
+	}
+
 	var layers = make(map[common.Hash]layer)
 	for head != nil {
 		layers[head.rootHash()] = head
+		if dl, ok := head.(*diffLayer); ok {
+			// Add the hash cache of difflayers due to reset.
+			dl.cache.Add(dl)
+		}
 		head = head.parentLayer()
 	}
 	tree.layers = layers
@@ -98,12 +109,19 @@ func (tree *layerTree) add(root common.Hash, parentRoot common.Hash, block uint6
 	if root == parentRoot {
 		return errors.New("layer cycle")
 	}
+	if tree.get(root) != nil {
+		log.Info("Skip add repeated difflayer", "root", root.String(), "block_id", block)
+		return nil
+	}
 	parent := tree.get(parentRoot)
 	if parent == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("triedb parent [%#x] layer missing", parentRoot)
 	}
 	l := parent.update(root, parent.stateID()+1, block, nodes.Flatten(), states)
 
+	// Before adding layertree, update the hash cache.
+	l.cache.Add(l)
+
 	tree.lock.Lock()
 	tree.layers[l.rootHash()] = l
 	tree.lock.Unlock()
@@ -132,8 +150,15 @@ func (tree *layerTree) cap(root common.Hash, layers int) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+		for _, ly := range tree.layers {
+			if dl, ok := ly.(*diffLayer); ok {
+				dl.cache.Remove(dl)
+				log.Debug("Cleanup difflayer hash cache due to cap all", "diff_root", dl.root.String(), "diff_block_number", dl.block)
+			}
+		}
 		// Replace the entire layer tree with the flat base
 		tree.layers = map[common.Hash]layer{base.rootHash(): base}
+		log.Debug("Cap all difflayers to disklayer", "disk_root", base.rootHash().String())
 		return nil
 	}
 	// Dive until we run out of layers or reach the persistent database
@@ -146,6 +171,7 @@ func (tree *layerTree) cap(root common.Hash, layers int) error {
 			return nil
 		}
 	}
+	var persisted *diskLayer
 	// We're out of layers, flatten anything below, stopping if it's the disk or if
 	// the memory limit is not yet exceeded.
 	switch parent := diff.parentLayer().(type) {
@@ -166,6 +192,7 @@ func (tree *layerTree) cap(root common.Hash, layers int) error {
 		diff.parent = base
 
 		diff.lock.Unlock()
+		persisted = base.(*diskLayer)
 
 	default:
 		panic(fmt.Sprintf("unknown data layer in triedb: %T", parent))
@@ -180,6 +207,13 @@ func (tree *layerTree) cap(root common.Hash, layers int) error {
 	}
 	var remove func(root common.Hash)
 	remove = func(root common.Hash) {
+		if df, exist := tree.layers[root]; exist {
+			if dl, ok := df.(*diffLayer); ok {
+				// Clean up the hash cache of the child difflayer corresponding to the stale parent, include the re-org case.
+				dl.cache.Remove(dl)
+				log.Debug("Cleanup difflayer hash cache due to reorg", "diff_root", dl.root.String(), "diff_block_number", dl.block)
+			}
+		}
 		delete(tree.layers, root)
 		for _, child := range children[root] {
 			remove(child)
@@ -189,8 +223,25 @@ func (tree *layerTree) cap(root common.Hash, layers int) error {
 	for root, layer := range tree.layers {
 		if dl, ok := layer.(*diskLayer); ok && dl.isStale() {
 			remove(root)
+			log.Debug("Remove stale the disklayer", "disk_root", dl.root.String())
 		}
 	}
+
+	if persisted != nil {
+		var updateOriginFunc func(root common.Hash)
+		updateOriginFunc = func(root common.Hash) {
+			if diff, ok := tree.layers[root].(*diffLayer); ok {
+				diff.lock.Lock()
+				diff.origin = persisted
+				diff.lock.Unlock()
+			}
+			for _, child := range children[root] {
+				updateOriginFunc(child)
+			}
+		}
+		updateOriginFunc(persisted.root)
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 

triedb/pathdb/metrics.go

@@ -47,4 +47,10 @@ var (
 	historyBuildTimeMeter  = metrics.NewRegisteredTimer("pathdb/history/time", nil)
 	historyDataBytesMeter  = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("pathdb/history/bytes/data", nil)
 	historyIndexBytesMeter = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("pathdb/history/bytes/index", nil)
+
+	diffHashCacheHitMeter      = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("pathdb/difflayer/hashcache/hit", nil)
+	diffHashCacheReadMeter     = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("pathdb/difflayer/hashcache/read", nil)
+	diffHashCacheMissMeter     = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("pathdb/difflayer/hashcache/miss", nil)
+	diffHashCacheSlowPathMeter = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("pathdb/difflayer/hashcache/slowpath", nil)
+	diffHashCacheLengthGauge   = metrics.NewRegisteredGauge("pathdb/difflayer/hashcache/size", nil)
 )