Fixed path for x-ethers metadata and wallet (#).

Updated dist files.
Fixed contract removeAllListeners which did not clean up the event loop properly (#391 ).
2019-01-17 16:32:51 -05:00 · 2019-01-15 16:01:45 -05:00 · 2019-01-15 15:58:42 -05:00 · 2018-12-27 15:53:00 -05:00 · 2018-12-27 15:48:38 -05:00 · 2018-12-14 18:39:46 -05:00
70 changed files with 1336 additions and 453 deletions
--- a/_version.d.ts
+++ b/_version.d.ts
@@ -1 +1 @@
-export declare const version = "4.0.8";
+export declare const version = "4.0.21";
--- a/_version.js
+++ b/_version.js
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 "use strict";
 Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
-exports.version = "4.0.8";
+exports.version = "4.0.21";
--- a/contract.js
+++ b/contract.js
@@ -106,7 +106,6 @@ function resolveAddresses(provider, value, paramType) {
 function runMethod(contract, functionName, estimateOnly) {
    var method = contract.interface.functions[functionName];
    return function () {
-        var _this = this;
        var params = [];
        for (var _i = 0; _i < arguments.length; _i++) {
            params[_i] = arguments[_i];
@@ -218,19 +217,19 @@ function runMethod(contract, functionName, estimateOnly) {
                        return wait(confirmations).then(function (receipt) {
                            receipt.events = receipt.logs.map(function (log) {
                                var event = properties_1.deepCopy(log);
-                                var parsed = _this.interface.parseLog(log);
+                                var parsed = contract.interface.parseLog(log);
                                if (parsed) {
                                    event.args = parsed.values;
                                    event.decode = parsed.decode;
                                    event.event = parsed.name;
                                    event.eventSignature = parsed.signature;
                                }
-                                event.removeListener = function () { return _this.provider; };
+                                event.removeListener = function () { return contract.provider; };
                                event.getBlock = function () {
-                                    return _this.provider.getBlock(receipt.blockHash);
+                                    return contract.provider.getBlock(receipt.blockHash);
                                };
                                event.getTransaction = function () {
-                                    return _this.provider.getTransaction(receipt.transactionHash);
+                                    return contract.provider.getTransaction(receipt.transactionHash);
                                };
                                event.getTransactionReceipt = function () {
                                    return Promise.resolve(receipt);
@@ -305,7 +304,6 @@ var Contract = /** @class */ (function () {
                }
                return address;
            }).catch(function (error) {
-                console.log('ERROR: Cannot find Contract - ' + addressOrName);
                throw error;
            }));
        }
@@ -324,7 +322,7 @@ var Contract = /** @class */ (function () {
                properties_1.defineReadOnly(_this, name, run);
            }
            else {
-                console.log('WARNING: Multiple definitions for ' + name);
+                errors.warn('WARNING: Multiple definitions for ' + name);
            }
            if (_this.functions[name] == null) {
                properties_1.defineReadOnly(_this.functions, name, run);
@@ -556,12 +554,19 @@ var Contract = /** @class */ (function () {
        }).map(function (event) { return event.listener; });
    };
    Contract.prototype.removeAllListeners = function (eventName) {
+        var _this = this;
        if (!this.provider) {
            return this;
        }
        var eventFilter = this._getEventFilter(eventName);
        this._events = this._events.filter(function (event) {
-            return event.eventFilter.eventTag !== eventFilter.eventTag;
+            // Keep all other events
+            if (event.eventFilter.eventTag !== eventFilter.eventTag) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            // Deregister this event from the provider and filter it out
+            _this.provider.removeListener(event.eventFilter.filter, event.wrappedListener);
+            return false;
        });
        return this;
    };
@@ -655,7 +660,7 @@ var ContractFactory = /** @class */ (function () {
            errors.throwError('cannot override ' + key, errors.UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION, { operation: key });
        });
        // Make sure the call matches the constructor signature
-        errors.checkArgumentCount(args.length, this.interface.deployFunction.inputs.length, 'in Contract constructor');
+        errors.checkArgumentCount(args.length, this.interface.deployFunction.inputs.length, ' in Contract constructor');
        // Set the data to the bytecode + the encoded constructor arguments
        tx.data = this.interface.deployFunction.encode(this.bytecode, args);
        return tx;
--- a/dist/ethers.js
+++ b/dist/ethers.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 (function(f){if(typeof exports==="object"&&typeof module!=="undefined"){module.exports=f()}else if(typeof define==="function"&&define.amd){define([],f)}else{var g;if(typeof window!=="undefined"){g=window}else if(typeof global!=="undefined"){g=global}else if(typeof self!=="undefined"){g=self}else{g=this}g.ethers = f()}})(function(){var define,module,exports;return (function(){function r(e,n,t){function o(i,f){if(!n[i]){if(!e[i]){var c="function"==typeof require&&require;if(!f&&c)return c(i,!0);if(u)return u(i,!0);var a=new Error("Cannot find module '"+i+"'");throw a.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",a}var p=n[i]={exports:{}};e[i][0].call(p.exports,function(r){var n=e[i][1][r];return o(n||r)},p,p.exports,r,e,n,t)}return n[i].exports}for(var u="function"==typeof require&&require,i=0;i<t.length;i++)o(t[i]);return o}return r})()({1:[function(require,module,exports){
 "use strict";
 Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
-exports.version = "4.0.8";
+exports.version = "4.0.21";

 },{}],2:[function(require,module,exports){
 "use strict";
@@ -154,7 +154,6 @@ function resolveAddresses(provider, value, paramType) {
 function runMethod(contract, functionName, estimateOnly) {
    var method = contract.interface.functions[functionName];
    return function () {
-        var _this = this;
        var params = [];
        for (var _i = 0; _i < arguments.length; _i++) {
            params[_i] = arguments[_i];
@@ -266,19 +265,19 @@ function runMethod(contract, functionName, estimateOnly) {
                        return wait(confirmations).then(function (receipt) {
                            receipt.events = receipt.logs.map(function (log) {
                                var event = properties_1.deepCopy(log);
-                                var parsed = _this.interface.parseLog(log);
+                                var parsed = contract.interface.parseLog(log);
                                if (parsed) {
                                    event.args = parsed.values;
                                    event.decode = parsed.decode;
                                    event.event = parsed.name;
                                    event.eventSignature = parsed.signature;
                                }
-                                event.removeListener = function () { return _this.provider; };
+                                event.removeListener = function () { return contract.provider; };
                                event.getBlock = function () {
-                                    return _this.provider.getBlock(receipt.blockHash);
+                                    return contract.provider.getBlock(receipt.blockHash);
                                };
                                event.getTransaction = function () {
-                                    return _this.provider.getTransaction(receipt.transactionHash);
+                                    return contract.provider.getTransaction(receipt.transactionHash);
                                };
                                event.getTransactionReceipt = function () {
                                    return Promise.resolve(receipt);
@@ -353,7 +352,6 @@ var Contract = /** @class */ (function () {
                }
                return address;
            }).catch(function (error) {
-                console.log('ERROR: Cannot find Contract - ' + addressOrName);
                throw error;
            }));
        }
@@ -372,7 +370,7 @@ var Contract = /** @class */ (function () {
                properties_1.defineReadOnly(_this, name, run);
            }
            else {
-                console.log('WARNING: Multiple definitions for ' + name);
+                errors.warn('WARNING: Multiple definitions for ' + name);
            }
            if (_this.functions[name] == null) {
                properties_1.defineReadOnly(_this.functions, name, run);
@@ -604,12 +602,19 @@ var Contract = /** @class */ (function () {
        }).map(function (event) { return event.listener; });
    };
    Contract.prototype.removeAllListeners = function (eventName) {
+        var _this = this;
        if (!this.provider) {
            return this;
        }
        var eventFilter = this._getEventFilter(eventName);
        this._events = this._events.filter(function (event) {
-            return event.eventFilter.eventTag !== eventFilter.eventTag;
+            // Keep all other events
+            if (event.eventFilter.eventTag !== eventFilter.eventTag) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            // Deregister this event from the provider and filter it out
+            _this.provider.removeListener(event.eventFilter.filter, event.wrappedListener);
+            return false;
        });
        return this;
    };
@@ -703,7 +708,7 @@ var ContractFactory = /** @class */ (function () {
            errors.throwError('cannot override ' + key, errors.UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION, { operation: key });
        });
        // Make sure the call matches the constructor signature
-        errors.checkArgumentCount(args.length, this.interface.deployFunction.inputs.length, 'in Contract constructor');
+        errors.checkArgumentCount(args.length, this.interface.deployFunction.inputs.length, ' in Contract constructor');
        // Set the data to the bytecode + the encoded constructor arguments
        tx.data = this.interface.deployFunction.encode(this.bytecode, args);
        return tx;
@@ -771,7 +776,7 @@ exports.MISSING_NEW = 'MISSING_NEW';
 //  - reason: The reason (only for EIP848 "Error(string)")
 exports.CALL_EXCEPTION = 'CALL_EXCEPTION';
 // Invalid argument (e.g. value is incompatible with type) to a function:
-//   - arg: The argument name that was invalid
+//   - argument: The argument name that was invalid
 //   - value: The value of the argument
 exports.INVALID_ARGUMENT = 'INVALID_ARGUMENT';
 // Missing argument to a function:
@@ -855,12 +860,65 @@ function checkArgumentCount(count, expectedCount, suffix) {
 exports.checkArgumentCount = checkArgumentCount;
 function setCensorship(censorship, permanent) {
    if (_permanentCensorErrors) {
-        throwError('error censorship permanent', exports.UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION, { operation: 'setCersorship' });
+        throwError('error censorship permanent', exports.UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION, { operation: 'setCensorship' });
    }
    _censorErrors = !!censorship;
    _permanentCensorErrors = !!permanent;
 }
 exports.setCensorship = setCensorship;
+function checkNormalize() {
+    try {
+        // Make sure all forms of normalization are supported
+        ["NFD", "NFC", "NFKD", "NFKC"].forEach(function (form) {
+            try {
+                "test".normalize(form);
+            }
+            catch (error) {
+                throw new Error('missing ' + form);
+            }
+        });
+        if (String.fromCharCode(0xe9).normalize('NFD') !== String.fromCharCode(0x65, 0x0301)) {
+            throw new Error('broken implementation');
+        }
+    }
+    catch (error) {
+        throwError('platform missing String.prototype.normalize', exports.UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION, { operation: 'String.prototype.normalize', form: error.message });
+    }
+}
+exports.checkNormalize = checkNormalize;
+var LogLevels = { debug: 1, "default": 2, info: 2, warn: 3, error: 4, off: 5 };
+var LogLevel = LogLevels["default"];
+function setLogLevel(logLevel) {
+    var level = LogLevels[logLevel];
+    if (level == null) {
+        warn("invliad log level - " + logLevel);
+        return;
+    }
+    LogLevel = level;
+}
+exports.setLogLevel = setLogLevel;
+function log(logLevel, args) {
+    if (LogLevel > LogLevels[logLevel]) {
+        return;
+    }
+    console.log.apply(console, args);
+}
+function warn() {
+    var args = [];
+    for (var _i = 0; _i < arguments.length; _i++) {
+        args[_i] = arguments[_i];
+    }
+    log("warn", args);
+}
+exports.warn = warn;
+function info() {
+    var args = [];
+    for (var _i = 0; _i < arguments.length; _i++) {
+        args[_i] = arguments[_i];
+    }
+    log("info", args);
+}
+exports.info = info;

 },{"./_version":1}],6:[function(require,module,exports){
 'use strict';
@@ -901,10 +959,17 @@ exports.version = _version_1.version;
 ////////////////////////
 // Helper Functions
 function getDefaultProvider(network) {
-    return new providers.FallbackProvider([
-        new providers.InfuraProvider(network),
-        new providers.EtherscanProvider(network),
-    ]);
+    if (network == null) {
+        network = 'homestead';
+    }
+    var n = utils.getNetwork(network);
+    if (!n || !n._defaultProvider) {
+        errors.throwError('unsupported getDefaultProvider network', errors.UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION, {
+            operation: 'getDefaultProvider',
+            network: network
+        });
+    }
+    return n._defaultProvider(providers);
 }
 exports.getDefaultProvider = getDefaultProvider;

@@ -9922,9 +9987,15 @@ function arrayOf(check) {
        return result;
    });
 }
-function checkHash(hash) {
-    if (typeof (hash) === 'string' && bytes_1.hexDataLength(hash) === 32) {
-        return hash.toLowerCase();
+function checkHash(hash, requirePrefix) {
+    if (typeof (hash) === 'string') {
+        // geth-etc does add a "0x" prefix on receipt.root
+        if (!requirePrefix && hash.substring(0, 2) !== '0x') {
+            hash = '0x' + hash;
+        }
+        if (bytes_1.hexDataLength(hash) === 32) {
+            return hash.toLowerCase();
+        }
    }
    errors.throwError('invalid hash', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, { arg: 'hash', value: hash });
    return null;
@@ -10045,6 +10116,10 @@ function checkTransactionResponse(transaction) {
    }
    var result = check(formatTransaction, transaction);
    var networkId = transaction.networkId;
+    // geth-etc returns chainId
+    if (transaction.chainId != null && networkId == null && result.v == null) {
+        networkId = transaction.chainId;
+    }
    if (bytes_1.isHexString(networkId)) {
        networkId = bignumber_1.bigNumberify(networkId).toNumber();
    }
@@ -10248,6 +10323,8 @@ var BaseProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
                properties_1.defineReadOnly(_this, '_network', network);
                return network;
            }));
+            // Squash any "unhandled promise" errors; the don't need to be handled
+            _this.ready.catch(function (error) { });
        }
        else {
            var knownNetwork = networks_1.getNetwork((network == null) ? 'homestead' : network);
@@ -10265,11 +10342,7 @@ var BaseProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
        // Events being listened to
        _this._events = [];
        _this._pollingInterval = 4000;
-        // We use this to track recent emitted events; for example, if we emit a "block" of 100
-        // and we get a `getBlock(100)` request which would result in null, we should retry
-        // until we get a response. This provides devs with a consistent view. Similarly for
-        // transaction hashes.
-        _this._emitted = { block: _this._lastBlockNumber };
+        _this._emitted = { block: -2 };
        _this._fastQueryDate = 0;
        return _this;
    }
@@ -10281,28 +10354,40 @@ var BaseProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
            if (blockNumber === _this._lastBlockNumber) {
                return;
            }
-            if (_this._lastBlockNumber === -2) {
-                _this._lastBlockNumber = blockNumber - 1;
+            // First polling cycle, trigger a "block" events
+            if (_this._emitted.block === -2) {
+                _this._emitted.block = blockNumber - 1;
            }
-            var _loop_1 = function (i) {
-                if (_this._emitted.block < i) {
-                    _this._emitted.block = i;
+            // Notify all listener for each block that has passed
+            for (var i = _this._emitted.block + 1; i <= blockNumber; i++) {
+                _this.emit('block', i);
+            }
+            // The emitted block was updated, check for obsolete events
+            if (_this._emitted.block !== blockNumber) {
+                _this._emitted.block = blockNumber;
+                Object.keys(_this._emitted).forEach(function (key) {
+                    // The block event does not expire
+                    if (key === 'block') {
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    // The block we were at when we emitted this event
+                    var eventBlockNumber = _this._emitted[key];
+                    // We cannot garbage collect pending transactions or blocks here
+                    // They should be garbage collected by the Provider when setting
+                    // "pending" events
+                    if (eventBlockNumber === 'pending') {
+                        return;
+                    }
                    // Evict any transaction hashes or block hashes over 12 blocks
                    // old, since they should not return null anyways
-                    Object.keys(_this._emitted).forEach(function (key) {
-                        if (key === 'block') {
-                            return;
-                        }
-                        if (_this._emitted[key] > i + 12) {
-                            delete _this._emitted[key];
-                        }
-                    });
-                }
-                _this.emit('block', i);
-            };
-            // Notify all listener for each block that has passed
-            for (var i = _this._lastBlockNumber + 1; i <= blockNumber; i++) {
-                _loop_1(i);
+                    if (blockNumber - eventBlockNumber > 12) {
+                        delete _this._emitted[key];
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+            // First polling cycle
+            if (_this._lastBlockNumber === -2) {
+                _this._lastBlockNumber = blockNumber - 1;
            }
            // Sweep balances and remove addresses we no longer have events for
            var newBalances = {};
@@ -10328,12 +10413,12 @@ var BaseProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
                            newBalances[address_2] = _this._balances[address_2];
                        }
                        _this.getBalance(address_2, 'latest').then(function (balance) {
-                            var lastBalance = this._balances[address_2];
+                            var lastBalance = _this._balances[address_2];
                            if (lastBalance && balance.eq(lastBalance)) {
                                return;
                            }
-                            this._balances[address_2] = balance;
-                            this.emit(address_2, balance);
+                            _this._balances[address_2] = balance;
+                            _this.emit(address_2, balance);
                            return null;
                        }).catch(function (error) { _this.emit('error', error); });
                        break;
@@ -10371,8 +10456,10 @@ var BaseProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
        this.doPoll();
    };
    BaseProvider.prototype.resetEventsBlock = function (blockNumber) {
-        this._lastBlockNumber = blockNumber;
-        this._doPoll();
+        this._lastBlockNumber = blockNumber - 1;
+        if (this.polling) {
+            this._doPoll();
+        }
    };
    Object.defineProperty(BaseProvider.prototype, "network", {
        get: function () {
@@ -10386,10 +10473,7 @@ var BaseProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
    };
    Object.defineProperty(BaseProvider.prototype, "blockNumber", {
        get: function () {
-            if (this._lastBlockNumber < 0) {
-                return null;
-            }
-            return this._lastBlockNumber;
+            return this._fastBlockNumber;
        },
        enumerable: true,
        configurable: true
@@ -10463,11 +10547,14 @@ var BaseProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
    //        this will be used once we move to the WebSocket or other alternatives to polling
    BaseProvider.prototype.waitForTransaction = function (transactionHash, confirmations) {
        var _this = this;
-        if (!confirmations) {
+        if (confirmations == null) {
            confirmations = 1;
        }
        return web_1.poll(function () {
            return _this.getTransactionReceipt(transactionHash).then(function (receipt) {
+                if (confirmations === 0) {
+                    return receipt;
+                }
                if (receipt == null || receipt.confirmations < confirmations) {
                    return undefined;
                }
@@ -10585,10 +10672,20 @@ var BaseProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
        if (hash != null && tx.hash !== hash) {
            errors.throwError('Transaction hash mismatch from Provider.sendTransaction.', errors.UNKNOWN_ERROR, { expectedHash: tx.hash, returnedHash: hash });
        }
-        this._emitted['t:' + tx.hash] = 'pending';
        // @TODO: (confirmations? number, timeout? number)
        result.wait = function (confirmations) {
+            // We know this transaction *must* exist (whether it gets mined is
+            // another story), so setting an emitted value forces us to
+            // wait even if the node returns null for the receipt
+            if (confirmations !== 0) {
+                _this._emitted['t:' + tx.hash] = 'pending';
+            }
            return _this.waitForTransaction(tx.hash, confirmations).then(function (receipt) {
+                if (receipt == null && confirmations === 0) {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                // No longer pending, allow the polling loop to garbage collect this
+                _this._emitted['t:' + tx.hash] = receipt.blockNumber;
                if (receipt.status === 0) {
                    errors.throwError('transaction failed', errors.CALL_EXCEPTION, {
                        transactionHash: tx.hash,
@@ -10666,7 +10763,7 @@ var BaseProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
                    return web_1.poll(function () {
                        return _this.perform('getBlock', { blockTag: blockTag_1, includeTransactions: !!includeTransactions }).then(function (block) {
                            if (block == null) {
-                                if (blockNumber_1 > _this._emitted.block) {
+                                if (blockNumber_1 <= _this._emitted.block) {
                                    return undefined;
                                }
                                return null;
@@ -10685,7 +10782,7 @@ var BaseProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
        return this.ready.then(function () {
            return properties_1.resolveProperties({ transactionHash: transactionHash }).then(function (_a) {
                var transactionHash = _a.transactionHash;
-                var params = { transactionHash: checkHash(transactionHash) };
+                var params = { transactionHash: checkHash(transactionHash, true) };
                return web_1.poll(function () {
                    return _this.perform('getTransaction', params).then(function (result) {
                        if (result == null) {
@@ -10720,7 +10817,7 @@ var BaseProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
        return this.ready.then(function () {
            return properties_1.resolveProperties({ transactionHash: transactionHash }).then(function (_a) {
                var transactionHash = _a.transactionHash;
-                var params = { transactionHash: checkHash(transactionHash) };
+                var params = { transactionHash: checkHash(transactionHash, true) };
                return web_1.poll(function () {
                    return _this.perform('getTransactionReceipt', params).then(function (result) {
                        if (result == null) {
@@ -10899,7 +10996,7 @@ var BaseProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
        return null;
    };
    BaseProvider.prototype._startPending = function () {
-        console.log('WARNING: this provider does not support pending events');
+        errors.warn('WARNING: this provider does not support pending events');
    };
    BaseProvider.prototype._stopPending = function () {
    };
@@ -11383,7 +11480,8 @@ function checkNetworks(networks) {
        // Matches!
        if (check.name === network.name &&
            check.chainId === network.chainId &&
-            check.ensAddress === network.ensAddress) {
+            ((check.ensAddress === network.ensAddress) ||
+                (check.ensAddress == null && network.ensAddress == null))) {
            return;
        }
        errors.throwError('provider mismatch', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, { arg: 'networks', value: networks });
@@ -11525,7 +11623,7 @@ var InfuraProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
        return _this;
    }
    InfuraProvider.prototype._startPending = function () {
-        console.log('WARNING: INFURA does not support pending filters');
+        errors.warn('WARNING: INFURA does not support pending filters');
    };
    InfuraProvider.prototype.getSigner = function (address) {
        errors.throwError('INFURA does not support signing', errors.UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION, { operation: 'getSigner' });
@@ -11570,7 +11668,6 @@ var address_1 = require("../utils/address");
 var bytes_1 = require("../utils/bytes");
 var networks_1 = require("../utils/networks");
 var properties_1 = require("../utils/properties");
-var transaction_1 = require("../utils/transaction");
 var utf8_1 = require("../utils/utf8");
 var web_1 = require("../utils/web");
 function timer(timeout) {
@@ -11642,31 +11739,32 @@ var JsonRpcSigner = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
    JsonRpcSigner.prototype.getTransactionCount = function (blockTag) {
        return this.provider.getTransactionCount(this.getAddress(), blockTag);
    };
-    JsonRpcSigner.prototype.sendTransaction = function (transaction) {
+    JsonRpcSigner.prototype.sendUncheckedTransaction = function (transaction) {
        var _this = this;
-        // Once populateTransaction resolves, the from address will be populated from getAddress
-        var from = null;
-        var getAddress = this.getAddress().then(function (address) {
+        transaction = properties_1.shallowCopy(transaction);
+        var fromAddress = this.getAddress().then(function (address) {
            if (address) {
-                from = address.toLowerCase();
+                address = address.toLowerCase();
            }
-            return from;
+            return address;
        });
-        return transaction_1.populateTransaction(transaction, this.provider, getAddress).then(function (tx) {
+        // The JSON-RPC for eth_sendTransaction uses 90000 gas; if the user
+        // wishes to use this, it is easy to specify explicitly, otherwise
+        // we look it up for them.
+        if (transaction.gasLimit == null) {
+            var estimate = properties_1.shallowCopy(transaction);
+            estimate.from = fromAddress;
+            transaction.gasLimit = this.provider.estimateGas(estimate);
+        }
+        return Promise.all([
+            properties_1.resolveProperties(transaction),
+            fromAddress
+        ]).then(function (results) {
+            var tx = results[0];
            var hexTx = JsonRpcProvider.hexlifyTransaction(tx);
-            hexTx.from = from;
+            hexTx.from = results[1];
            return _this.provider.send('eth_sendTransaction', [hexTx]).then(function (hash) {
-                return web_1.poll(function () {
-                    return _this.provider.getTransaction(hash).then(function (tx) {
-                        if (tx === null) {
-                            return undefined;
-                        }
-                        return _this.provider._wrapTransaction(tx, hash);
-                    });
-                }, { onceBlock: _this.provider }).catch(function (error) {
-                    error.transactionHash = hash;
-                    throw error;
-                });
+                return hash;
            }, function (error) {
                if (error.responseText) {
                    // See: JsonRpcProvider.sendTransaction (@TODO: Expose a ._throwError??)
@@ -11690,6 +11788,22 @@ var JsonRpcSigner = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
            });
        });
    };
+    JsonRpcSigner.prototype.sendTransaction = function (transaction) {
+        var _this = this;
+        return this.sendUncheckedTransaction(transaction).then(function (hash) {
+            return web_1.poll(function () {
+                return _this.provider.getTransaction(hash).then(function (tx) {
+                    if (tx === null) {
+                        return undefined;
+                    }
+                    return _this.provider._wrapTransaction(tx, hash);
+                });
+            }, { onceBlock: _this.provider }).catch(function (error) {
+                error.transactionHash = hash;
+                throw error;
+            });
+        });
+    };
    JsonRpcSigner.prototype.signMessage = function (message) {
        var _this = this;
        var data = ((typeof (message) === 'string') ? utf8_1.toUtf8Bytes(message) : message);
@@ -11853,6 +11967,7 @@ var JsonRpcProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
                    }
                    var seq = Promise.resolve();
                    hashes.forEach(function (hash) {
+                        // @TODO: This should be garbage collected at some point... How? When?
                        self._emitted['t:' + hash.toLowerCase()] = 'pending';
                        seq = seq.then(function () {
                            return self.getTransaction(hash).then(function (tx) {
@@ -11921,7 +12036,7 @@ var JsonRpcProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
 }(base_provider_1.BaseProvider));
 exports.JsonRpcProvider = JsonRpcProvider;

-},{"../abstract-signer":2,"../errors":5,"../utils/address":59,"../utils/bytes":62,"../utils/networks":70,"../utils/properties":72,"../utils/transaction":81,"../utils/utf8":83,"../utils/web":84,"./base-provider":50}],57:[function(require,module,exports){
+},{"../abstract-signer":2,"../errors":5,"../utils/address":59,"../utils/bytes":62,"../utils/networks":70,"../utils/properties":72,"../utils/utf8":83,"../utils/web":84,"./base-provider":50}],57:[function(require,module,exports){
 'use strict';
 var __extends = (this && this.__extends) || (function () {
    var extendStatics = Object.setPrototypeOf ||
@@ -12062,9 +12177,11 @@ function verifyType(type) {
    return type;
 }
 function parseParam(param, allowIndexed) {
+    var originalParam = param;
    function throwError(i) {
-        throw new Error('unexpected character "' + param[i] + '" at position ' + i + ' in "' + param + '"');
+        throw new Error('unexpected character "' + originalParam[i] + '" at position ' + i + ' in "' + originalParam + '"');
    }
+    param = param.replace(/\s/g, ' ');
    var parent = { type: '', name: '', state: { allowType: true } };
    var node = parent;
    for (var i = 0; i < param.length; i++) {
@@ -12205,7 +12322,7 @@ function parseSignatureEvent(fragment) {
            case '':
                break;
            default:
-                console.log('unknown modifier: ' + modifier);
+                errors.info('unknown modifier: ' + modifier);
        }
    });
    if (abi.name && !abi.name.match(regexIdentifier)) {
@@ -12269,7 +12386,7 @@ function parseSignatureFunction(fragment) {
            case '':
                break;
            default:
-                console.log('unknown modifier: ' + modifier);
+                errors.info('unknown modifier: ' + modifier);
        }
    });
    // We have outputs
@@ -12309,6 +12426,7 @@ exports.formatSignature = formatSignature;
 function parseSignature(fragment) {
    if (typeof (fragment) === 'string') {
        // Make sure the "returns" is surrounded by a space and all whitespace is exactly one space
+        fragment = fragment.replace(/\s/g, ' ');
        fragment = fragment.replace(/\(/g, ' (').replace(/\)/g, ') ').replace(/\s+/g, ' ');
        fragment = fragment.trim();
        if (fragment.substring(0, 6) === 'event ') {
@@ -12744,7 +12862,7 @@ var CoderArray = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
            count = value.length;
            result = uint256Coder.encode(count);
        }
-        errors.checkArgumentCount(count, value.length, 'in coder array' + (this.localName ? (" " + this.localName) : ""));
+        errors.checkArgumentCount(count, value.length, ' in coder array' + (this.localName ? (" " + this.localName) : ""));
        var coders = [];
        for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
            coders.push(this.coder);
@@ -13226,6 +13344,12 @@ var BigNumber = /** @class */ (function () {
    BigNumber.prototype.toTwos = function (value) {
        return toBigNumber(_bnify(this).toTwos(value));
    };
+    BigNumber.prototype.abs = function () {
+        if (this._hex[0] === '-') {
+            return toBigNumber(_bnify(this).mul(BN_1));
+        }
+        return this;
+    };
    BigNumber.prototype.add = function (other) {
        return toBigNumber(_bnify(this).add(toBN(other)));
    };
@@ -13569,7 +13693,15 @@ exports.joinSignature = joinSignature;

 },{"../errors":5}],63:[function(require,module,exports){
 'use strict';
+var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
+    if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
+    var result = {};
+    if (mod != null) for (var k in mod) if (Object.hasOwnProperty.call(mod, k)) result[k] = mod[k];
+    result["default"] = mod;
+    return result;
+};
 Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+var errors = __importStar(require("../errors"));
 var bytes_1 = require("./bytes");
 var utf8_1 = require("./utf8");
 var keccak256_1 = require("./keccak256");
@@ -13578,13 +13710,22 @@ var Zeros = new Uint8Array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
 var Partition = new RegExp("^((.*)\\.)?([^.]+)$");
 var UseSTD3ASCIIRules = new RegExp("^[a-z0-9.-]*$");
 function namehash(name) {
+    if (typeof (name) !== 'string') {
+        errors.throwError('invalid address - ' + String(name), errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
+            argument: 'name',
+            value: name
+        });
+    }
    name = name.toLowerCase();
    // Supporting the full UTF-8 space requires additional (and large)
    // libraries, so for now we simply do not support them.
    // It should be fairly easy in the future to support systems with
    // String.normalize, but that is future work.
    if (!name.match(UseSTD3ASCIIRules)) {
-        throw new Error('contains invalid UseSTD3ASCIIRules characters');
+        errors.throwError('contains invalid UseSTD3ASCIIRules characters', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
+            argument: 'name',
+            value: name
+        });
    }
    var result = Zeros;
    while (name.length) {
@@ -13601,16 +13742,15 @@ function id(text) {
 }
 exports.id = id;
 function hashMessage(message) {
-    var payload = bytes_1.concat([
+    return keccak256_1.keccak256(bytes_1.concat([
        utf8_1.toUtf8Bytes('\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n'),
        utf8_1.toUtf8Bytes(String(message.length)),
        ((typeof (message) === 'string') ? utf8_1.toUtf8Bytes(message) : message)
-    ]);
-    return keccak256_1.keccak256(payload);
+    ]));
 }
 exports.hashMessage = hashMessage;

-},{"./bytes":62,"./keccak256":69,"./utf8":83}],64:[function(require,module,exports){
+},{"../errors":5,"./bytes":62,"./keccak256":69,"./utf8":83}],64:[function(require,module,exports){
 'use strict';
 var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
    if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
@@ -13779,6 +13919,7 @@ function mnemonicToEntropy(mnemonic, wordlist) {
    if (!wordlist) {
        wordlist = lang_en_1.langEn;
    }
+    errors.checkNormalize();
    var words = wordlist.split(mnemonic);
    if ((words.length % 3) !== 0) {
        throw new Error('invalid mnemonic');
@@ -13916,6 +14057,7 @@ exports.hexDataLength = bytes_1.hexDataLength;
 exports.hexlify = bytes_1.hexlify;
 exports.hexStripZeros = bytes_1.hexStripZeros;
 exports.hexZeroPad = bytes_1.hexZeroPad;
+exports.isHexString = bytes_1.isHexString;
 exports.joinSignature = bytes_1.joinSignature;
 exports.padZeros = bytes_1.padZeros;
 exports.splitSignature = bytes_1.splitSignature;
@@ -14044,7 +14186,7 @@ var _DeployDescription = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
                value: bytecode
            });
        }
-        errors.checkArgumentCount(params.length, this.inputs.length, 'in Interface constructor');
+        errors.checkArgumentCount(params.length, this.inputs.length, ' in Interface constructor');
        try {
            return (bytecode + abi_coder_1.defaultAbiCoder.encode(this.inputs, params).substring(2));
        }
@@ -14065,7 +14207,7 @@ var _FunctionDescription = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
        return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
    }
    _FunctionDescription.prototype.encode = function (params) {
-        errors.checkArgumentCount(params.length, this.inputs.length, 'in interface function ' + this.name);
+        errors.checkArgumentCount(params.length, this.inputs.length, ' in interface function ' + this.name);
        try {
            return this.sighash + abi_coder_1.defaultAbiCoder.encode(this.inputs, params).substring(2);
        }
@@ -14237,12 +14379,18 @@ function addMethod(method) {
                gas: method.gas,
                payable: (method.payable == null || !!method.payable),
                type: ((method.constant) ? 'call' : 'transaction'),
+                name: method.name,
                signature: signature,
                sighash: sighash,
            });
-            // Expose the first (and hopefully unique named function
-            if (method.name && this.functions[method.name] == null) {
-                properties_1.defineReadOnly(this.functions, method.name, description);
+            // Expose the first (and hopefully unique named function)
+            if (method.name) {
+                if (this.functions[method.name] == null) {
+                    properties_1.defineReadOnly(this.functions, method.name, description);
+                }
+                else {
+                    errors.warn('WARNING: Multiple definitions for ' + method.name);
+                }
            }
            // Expose all methods by their signature, for overloaded functions
            if (this.functions[description.signature] == null) {
@@ -14273,7 +14421,7 @@ function addMethod(method) {
            // Nothing to do for fallback
            break;
        default:
-            console.log('WARNING: unsupported ABI type - ' + method.type);
+            errors.warn('WARNING: unsupported ABI type - ' + method.type);
            break;
    }
 }
@@ -14327,10 +14475,10 @@ var Interface = /** @class */ (function () {
                return new _TransactionDescription({
                    args: result,
                    decode: func.decode,
-                    name: name,
+                    name: func.name,
                    signature: func.signature,
                    sighash: func.sighash,
-                    value: bignumber_1.bigNumberify(tx.value || null),
+                    value: bignumber_1.bigNumberify(tx.value || '0'),
                });
            }
        }
@@ -14442,39 +14590,78 @@ var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
 };
 Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
 var errors = __importStar(require("../errors"));
+function ethDefaultProvider(network) {
+    return function (providers) {
+        var providerList = [];
+        if (providers.InfuraProvider) {
+            providerList.push(new providers.InfuraProvider(network));
+        }
+        if (providers.EtherscanProvider) {
+            providerList.push(new providers.EtherscanProvider(network));
+        }
+        if (providerList.length === 0) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        if (providers.FallbackProvider) {
+            return new providers.FallbackProvider(providerList);
+            ;
+        }
+        return providerList[0];
+    };
+}
+function etcDefaultProvider(url, network) {
+    return function (providers) {
+        if (providers.JsonRpcProvider) {
+            return new providers.JsonRpcProvider(url, network);
+        }
+        return null;
+    };
+}
 var homestead = {
    chainId: 1,
    ensAddress: "0x314159265dd8dbb310642f98f50c066173c1259b",
-    name: "homestead"
+    name: "homestead",
+    _defaultProvider: ethDefaultProvider('homestead')
 };
 var ropsten = {
    chainId: 3,
    ensAddress: "0x112234455c3a32fd11230c42e7bccd4a84e02010",
-    name: "ropsten"
+    name: "ropsten",
+    _defaultProvider: ethDefaultProvider('ropsten')
 };
 var networks = {
    unspecified: {
-        chainId: 0
+        chainId: 0,
+        name: 'unspecified'
    },
    homestead: homestead,
    mainnet: homestead,
    morden: {
-        chainId: 2
+        chainId: 2,
+        name: 'morden'
    },
    ropsten: ropsten,
    testnet: ropsten,
    rinkeby: {
        chainId: 4,
-        ensAddress: "0xe7410170f87102DF0055eB195163A03B7F2Bff4A"
+        ensAddress: "0xe7410170f87102DF0055eB195163A03B7F2Bff4A",
+        name: 'rinkeby',
+        _defaultProvider: ethDefaultProvider('rinkeby')
    },
    kovan: {
-        chainId: 42
+        chainId: 42,
+        name: 'kovan',
+        _defaultProvider: ethDefaultProvider('kovan')
    },
    classic: {
-        chainId: 61
+        chainId: 61,
+        name: 'classic',
+        _defaultProvider: etcDefaultProvider('https://web3.gastracker.io', 'classic')
    },
    classicTestnet: {
-        chainId: 62
+        chainId: 62,
+        name: 'classicTestnet',
+        _defaultProvider: etcDefaultProvider('https://web3.gastracker.io/morden', 'classicTestnet')
    }
 };
 /**
@@ -14484,18 +14671,19 @@ var networks = {
 *  and verifies a network is a valid Network..
 */
 function getNetwork(network) {
-    // No network (null) or unspecified (chainId = 0)
-    if (!network) {
+    // No network (null)
+    if (network == null) {
        return null;
    }
    if (typeof (network) === 'number') {
-        for (var name in networks) {
-            var n_1 = networks[name];
+        for (var name_1 in networks) {
+            var n_1 = networks[name_1];
            if (n_1.chainId === network) {
                return {
-                    name: name,
+                    name: n_1.name,
                    chainId: n_1.chainId,
-                    ensAddress: n_1.ensAddress
+                    ensAddress: (n_1.ensAddress || null),
+                    _defaultProvider: (n_1._defaultProvider || null)
                };
            }
        }
@@ -14510,9 +14698,10 @@ function getNetwork(network) {
            return null;
        }
        return {
-            name: network,
+            name: n_2.name,
            chainId: n_2.chainId,
-            ensAddress: n_2.ensAddress
+            ensAddress: n_2.ensAddress,
+            _defaultProvider: (n_2._defaultProvider || null)
        };
    }
    var n = networks[network.name];
@@ -14527,11 +14716,12 @@ function getNetwork(network) {
    if (network.chainId !== 0 && network.chainId !== n.chainId) {
        errors.throwError('network chainId mismatch', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, { arg: 'network', value: network });
    }
-    // Standard Network
+    // Standard Network (allow overriding the ENS address)
    return {
        name: network.name,
        chainId: n.chainId,
-        ensAddress: n.ensAddress
+        ensAddress: (network.ensAddress || n.ensAddress || null),
+        _defaultProvider: (network._defaultProvider || n._defaultProvider || null)
    };
 }
 exports.getNetwork = getNetwork;
@@ -15681,7 +15871,7 @@ function parse(rawTransaction) {
        tx.v = bignumber_1.bigNumberify(transaction[6]).toNumber();
    }
    catch (error) {
-        console.log(error);
+        errors.info(error);
        return tx;
    }
    tx.r = bytes_1.hexZeroPad(transaction[7], 32);
@@ -15710,7 +15900,7 @@ function parse(rawTransaction) {
            tx.from = secp256k1_1.recoverAddress(digest, { r: bytes_1.hexlify(tx.r), s: bytes_1.hexlify(tx.s), recoveryParam: recoveryParam });
        }
        catch (error) {
-            console.log(error);
+            errors.info(error);
        }
        tx.hash = keccak256_1.keccak256(rawTransaction);
    }
@@ -15926,6 +16116,7 @@ exports.parseEther = parseEther;
 'use strict';
 Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
 var constants_1 = require("../constants");
+var errors_1 = require("../errors");
 var bytes_1 = require("./bytes");
 ///////////////////////////////
 var UnicodeNormalizationForm;
@@ -15941,6 +16132,7 @@ var UnicodeNormalizationForm;
 function toUtf8Bytes(str, form) {
    if (form === void 0) { form = UnicodeNormalizationForm.current; }
    if (form != UnicodeNormalizationForm.current) {
+        errors_1.checkNormalize();
        str = str.normalize(form);
    }
    var result = [];
@@ -16109,7 +16301,7 @@ function parseBytes32String(bytes) {
 }
 exports.parseBytes32String = parseBytes32String;

-},{"../constants":3,"./bytes":62}],84:[function(require,module,exports){
+},{"../constants":3,"../errors":5,"./bytes":62}],84:[function(require,module,exports){
 'use strict';
 var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
    if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
@@ -16211,6 +16403,9 @@ function fetchJson(connection, json, processFunc) {
                var jsonError = new Error('invalid json response');
                jsonError.orginialError = error;
                jsonError.responseText = request.responseText;
+                if (json != null) {
+                    jsonError.requestBody = json;
+                }
                jsonError.url = url;
                reject(jsonError);
                return;
@@ -16236,7 +16431,7 @@ function fetchJson(connection, json, processFunc) {
            reject(error);
        };
        try {
-            if (json) {
+            if (json != null) {
                request.send(json);
            }
            else {
@@ -16487,6 +16682,13 @@ var Wallet = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
    };
    Wallet.prototype.sendTransaction = function (transaction) {
        var _this = this;
+        if (!this.provider) {
+            throw new Error('missing provider');
+        }
+        if (transaction.nonce == null) {
+            transaction = properties_1.shallowCopy(transaction);
+            transaction.nonce = this.getTransactionCount("pending");
+        }
        return transaction_1.populateTransaction(transaction, this.provider, this.address).then(function (tx) {
            return _this.sign(tx).then(function (signedTransaction) {
                return _this.provider.sendTransaction(signedTransaction);
--- a/dist/ethers.min.js
+++ b/dist/ethers.min.js
--- a/dist/ethers.min.js.map
+++ b/dist/ethers.min.js.map
--- a/dist/ethers.types.txt
+++ b/dist/ethers.types.txt
@@ -188,6 +188,10 @@ declare module 'ethers/errors' {
    export function checkNew(self: any, kind: any): void;
    export function checkArgumentCount(count: number, expectedCount: number, suffix?: string): void;
    export function setCensorship(censorship: boolean, permanent?: boolean): void;
+    export function checkNormalize(): void;
+    export function setLogLevel(logLevel: string): void;
+    export function warn(...args: Array<any>): void;
+    export function info(...args: Array<any>): void;
 }

 declare module 'ethers/providers' {
@@ -209,7 +213,7 @@ declare module 'ethers/utils' {
    import { getAddress, getContractAddress, getIcapAddress } from 'ethers/utils/address';
    import * as base64 from 'ethers/utils/base64';
    import { BigNumber, bigNumberify } from 'ethers/utils/bignumber';
-    import { arrayify, concat, hexDataSlice, hexDataLength, hexlify, hexStripZeros, hexZeroPad, joinSignature, padZeros, splitSignature, stripZeros } from 'ethers/utils/bytes';
+    import { arrayify, concat, hexDataSlice, hexDataLength, hexlify, hexStripZeros, hexZeroPad, isHexString, joinSignature, padZeros, splitSignature, stripZeros } from 'ethers/utils/bytes';
    import { hashMessage, id, namehash } from 'ethers/utils/hash';
    import * as HDNode from 'ethers/utils/hdnode';
    import { Interface } from 'ethers/utils/interface';
@@ -239,7 +243,7 @@ declare module 'ethers/utils' {
    import { ConnectionInfo, OnceBlockable, PollOptions } from 'ethers/utils/web';
    import { EncryptOptions, ProgressCallback } from 'ethers/utils/secret-storage';
    import { Wordlist } from 'ethers/utils/wordlist';
-    export { AbiCoder, defaultAbiCoder, formatSignature, formatParamType, parseSignature, parseParamType, RLP, fetchJson, getNetwork, checkProperties, deepCopy, defineReadOnly, resolveProperties, shallowCopy, arrayify, concat, padZeros, stripZeros, HDNode, SigningKey, Interface, base64, BigNumber, bigNumberify, hexlify, hexStripZeros, hexZeroPad, hexDataLength, hexDataSlice, toUtf8Bytes, toUtf8String, formatBytes32String, parseBytes32String, hashMessage, namehash, id, getAddress, getIcapAddress, getContractAddress, formatEther, parseEther, formatUnits, parseUnits, commify, keccak256, sha256, randomBytes, solidityPack, solidityKeccak256, soliditySha256, splitSignature, joinSignature, parseTransaction, populateTransaction, serializeTransaction, getJsonWalletAddress, computeAddress, computePublicKey, recoverAddress, recoverPublicKey, verifyMessage, SupportedAlgorithms, UnicodeNormalizationForm, CoerceFunc, EventFragment, FunctionFragment, ParamType, BigNumberish, Arrayish, Hexable, Signature, Indexed, DeployDescription, EventDescription, FunctionDescription, LogDescription, TransactionDescription, Network, Networkish, Transaction, UnsignedTransaction, ConnectionInfo, OnceBlockable, PollOptions, EncryptOptions, ProgressCallback, Wordlist, };
+    export { AbiCoder, defaultAbiCoder, formatSignature, formatParamType, parseSignature, parseParamType, RLP, fetchJson, getNetwork, checkProperties, deepCopy, defineReadOnly, resolveProperties, shallowCopy, arrayify, concat, padZeros, stripZeros, HDNode, SigningKey, Interface, base64, BigNumber, bigNumberify, hexlify, isHexString, hexStripZeros, hexZeroPad, hexDataLength, hexDataSlice, toUtf8Bytes, toUtf8String, formatBytes32String, parseBytes32String, hashMessage, namehash, id, getAddress, getIcapAddress, getContractAddress, formatEther, parseEther, formatUnits, parseUnits, commify, keccak256, sha256, randomBytes, solidityPack, solidityKeccak256, soliditySha256, splitSignature, joinSignature, parseTransaction, populateTransaction, serializeTransaction, getJsonWalletAddress, computeAddress, computePublicKey, recoverAddress, recoverPublicKey, verifyMessage, SupportedAlgorithms, UnicodeNormalizationForm, CoerceFunc, EventFragment, FunctionFragment, ParamType, BigNumberish, Arrayish, Hexable, Signature, Indexed, DeployDescription, EventDescription, FunctionDescription, LogDescription, TransactionDescription, Network, Networkish, Transaction, UnsignedTransaction, ConnectionInfo, OnceBlockable, PollOptions, EncryptOptions, ProgressCallback, Wordlist, };
 }

 declare module 'ethers/wordlists' {
@@ -261,7 +265,7 @@ declare module 'ethers/utils/shims' {
 }

 declare module 'ethers/_version' {
-    export const version = "4.0.8";
+    export const version = "4.0.21";
 }

 declare module 'ethers/utils/bignumber' {
@@ -272,6 +276,7 @@ declare module 'ethers/utils/bignumber' {
        constructor(value: BigNumberish);
        fromTwos(value: number): BigNumber;
        toTwos(value: number): BigNumber;
+        abs(): BigNumber;
        add(other: BigNumberish): BigNumber;
        sub(other: BigNumberish): BigNumber;
        div(other: BigNumberish): BigNumber;
@@ -499,7 +504,7 @@ declare module 'ethers/providers/abstract-provider' {
    export type TransactionRequest = {
        to?: string | Promise<string>;
        from?: string | Promise<string>;
-        nonce?: number | string | Promise<number | string>;
+        nonce?: BigNumberish | Promise<BigNumberish>;
        gasLimit?: BigNumberish | Promise<BigNumberish>;
        gasPrice?: BigNumberish | Promise<BigNumberish>;
        data?: Arrayish | Promise<Arrayish>;
@@ -715,7 +720,9 @@ declare module 'ethers/providers/base-provider' {
    import { Transaction } from 'ethers/utils/transaction';
    import { Network, Networkish } from 'ethers/utils/networks';
    export class BaseProvider extends Provider {
-        protected _emitted: any;
+        protected _emitted: {
+            [eventName: string]: number | 'pending';
+        };
        /**
          *  ready
          *
@@ -829,6 +836,7 @@ declare module 'ethers/providers/json-rpc-provider' {
        getAddress(): Promise<string>;
        getBalance(blockTag?: BlockTag): Promise<BigNumber>;
        getTransactionCount(blockTag?: BlockTag): Promise<number>;
+        sendUncheckedTransaction(transaction: TransactionRequest): Promise<string>;
        sendTransaction(transaction: TransactionRequest): Promise<TransactionResponse>;
        signMessage(message: Arrayish | string): Promise<string>;
        unlock(password: string): Promise<boolean>;
@@ -923,6 +931,7 @@ declare module 'ethers/utils/networks' {
        name: string;
        chainId: number;
        ensAddress?: string;
+        _defaultProvider?: (providers: any) => any;
    };
    export type Networkish = Network | string | number;
    /**
--- a/dist/shims.js
+++ b/dist/shims.js
--- a/errors.d.ts
+++ b/errors.d.ts
@@ -14,3 +14,7 @@ export declare function throwError(message: string, code: string, params: any):
 export declare function checkNew(self: any, kind: any): void;
 export declare function checkArgumentCount(count: number, expectedCount: number, suffix?: string): void;
 export declare function setCensorship(censorship: boolean, permanent?: boolean): void;
+export declare function checkNormalize(): void;
+export declare function setLogLevel(logLevel: string): void;
+export declare function warn(...args: Array<any>): void;
+export declare function info(...args: Array<any>): void;
--- a/errors.js
+++ b/errors.js
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ exports.MISSING_NEW = 'MISSING_NEW';
 //  - reason: The reason (only for EIP848 "Error(string)")
 exports.CALL_EXCEPTION = 'CALL_EXCEPTION';
 // Invalid argument (e.g. value is incompatible with type) to a function:
-//   - arg: The argument name that was invalid
+//   - argument: The argument name that was invalid
 //   - value: The value of the argument
 exports.INVALID_ARGUMENT = 'INVALID_ARGUMENT';
 // Missing argument to a function:
@@ -102,9 +102,62 @@ function checkArgumentCount(count, expectedCount, suffix) {
 exports.checkArgumentCount = checkArgumentCount;
 function setCensorship(censorship, permanent) {
    if (_permanentCensorErrors) {
-        throwError('error censorship permanent', exports.UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION, { operation: 'setCersorship' });
+        throwError('error censorship permanent', exports.UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION, { operation: 'setCensorship' });
    }
    _censorErrors = !!censorship;
    _permanentCensorErrors = !!permanent;
 }
 exports.setCensorship = setCensorship;
+function checkNormalize() {
+    try {
+        // Make sure all forms of normalization are supported
+        ["NFD", "NFC", "NFKD", "NFKC"].forEach(function (form) {
+            try {
+                "test".normalize(form);
+            }
+            catch (error) {
+                throw new Error('missing ' + form);
+            }
+        });
+        if (String.fromCharCode(0xe9).normalize('NFD') !== String.fromCharCode(0x65, 0x0301)) {
+            throw new Error('broken implementation');
+        }
+    }
+    catch (error) {
+        throwError('platform missing String.prototype.normalize', exports.UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION, { operation: 'String.prototype.normalize', form: error.message });
+    }
+}
+exports.checkNormalize = checkNormalize;
+var LogLevels = { debug: 1, "default": 2, info: 2, warn: 3, error: 4, off: 5 };
+var LogLevel = LogLevels["default"];
+function setLogLevel(logLevel) {
+    var level = LogLevels[logLevel];
+    if (level == null) {
+        warn("invliad log level - " + logLevel);
+        return;
+    }
+    LogLevel = level;
+}
+exports.setLogLevel = setLogLevel;
+function log(logLevel, args) {
+    if (LogLevel > LogLevels[logLevel]) {
+        return;
+    }
+    console.log.apply(console, args);
+}
+function warn() {
+    var args = [];
+    for (var _i = 0; _i < arguments.length; _i++) {
+        args[_i] = arguments[_i];
+    }
+    log("warn", args);
+}
+exports.warn = warn;
+function info() {
+    var args = [];
+    for (var _i = 0; _i < arguments.length; _i++) {
+        args[_i] = arguments[_i];
+    }
+    log("info", args);
+}
+exports.info = info;
--- a/ethers.js
+++ b/ethers.js
@@ -36,9 +36,16 @@ exports.version = _version_1.version;
 ////////////////////////
 // Helper Functions
 function getDefaultProvider(network) {
-    return new providers.FallbackProvider([
-        new providers.InfuraProvider(network),
-        new providers.EtherscanProvider(network),
-    ]);
+    if (network == null) {
+        network = 'homestead';
+    }
+    var n = utils.getNetwork(network);
+    if (!n || !n._defaultProvider) {
+        errors.throwError('unsupported getDefaultProvider network', errors.UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION, {
+            operation: 'getDefaultProvider',
+            network: network
+        });
+    }
+    return n._defaultProvider(providers);
 }
 exports.getDefaultProvider = getDefaultProvider;
--- a/gulpfile.js
+++ b/gulpfile.js
@@ -152,7 +152,9 @@ function taskBundle(name, options) {
        if (options.minify) {
            result = result.pipe(buffer())
            .pipe(sourcemaps.init({ loadMaps: true }))
-            .pipe(uglify())
+            .pipe(uglify({
+                output: { ascii_only: true }
+            }))
            .pipe(sourcemaps.write('./'))
        }

@@ -174,6 +176,30 @@ taskBundle("minified", { filename: "ethers.min.js", dest: 'dist', minify: true }
 // Creates dist/ethers.min.js
 taskBundle("minified-test", { filename: "ethers.min.js", dest: 'tests/dist', minify: true });

+gulp.task('shims', function () {
+
+        var result = browserify({
+            basedir: '.',
+            debug: false,
+            entries: [ './tests/shims/index.js' ],
+            cache: { },
+            packageCache: {},
+            standalone: "_shims",
+            insertGlobalVars: {
+               process: function() { return; },
+            }
+        })
+        .bundle()
+        .pipe(source('shims.js'))
+        .pipe(buffer())
+        .pipe(uglify({
+            output: { ascii_only: true }
+        }))
+        .pipe(gulp.dest('dist'));
+
+        return result;
+});
+
 /*
 // Dump the TypeScript definitions to dist/types/
 gulp.task("types", function() {
@@ -265,7 +291,9 @@ function taskLang(locale) {
        .bundle()
        .pipe(source("wordlist-" + locale + ".js"))
        .pipe(buffer())
-        .pipe(uglify())
+        .pipe(uglify({
+            output: { ascii_only: true }
+        }))
        .pipe(gulp.dest("dist"));
    });
 }
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "ethers",
-  "version": "4.0.8",
+  "version": "4.0.21",
  "lockfileVersion": 1,
  "requires": true,
  "dependencies": {
@@ -69,9 +69,9 @@
      "integrity": "sha512-8TqvB0ReZWwtcd3LXq3YSrBoLyXFgBX/sBZfGye9+YS8zH7/g+i6QRIuiDmwBoTzcQ/pk89nZYTYU4c5akKkzw=="
    },
    "JSONStream": {
-      "version": "1.3.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/JSONStream/-/JSONStream-1.3.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-3Sp6WZZ/lXl+nTDoGpGWHEpTnnC6X5fnkolYZR6nwIfzbxxvA8utPWe1gCt7i0m9uVGsSz2IS8K8mJ7HmlduMg==",
+      "version": "1.3.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/JSONStream/-/JSONStream-1.3.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-E+iruNOY8VV9s4JEbe1aNEm6MiszPRr/UfcHMz0TQh1BXSxHK+ASV1R6W4HpjBhSeS+54PIsAMCBmwD06LLsqQ==",
      "dev": true,
      "requires": {
        "jsonparse": "^1.2.0",
@@ -95,13 +95,10 @@
      "dev": true
    },
    "acorn-dynamic-import": {
-      "version": "3.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/acorn-dynamic-import/-/acorn-dynamic-import-3.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-zVWV8Z8lislJoOKKqdNMOB+s6+XV5WERty8MnKBeFgwA+19XJjJHs2RP5dzM57FftIs+jQnRToLiWazKr6sSWg==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "requires": {
-        "acorn": "^5.0.0"
-      }
+      "version": "4.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/acorn-dynamic-import/-/acorn-dynamic-import-4.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-d3OEjQV4ROpoflsnUA8HozoIR504TFxNivYEUi6uwz0IYhBkTDXGuWlNdMtybRt3nqVx/L6XqMt0FxkXuWKZhw==",
+      "dev": true
    },
    "acorn-jsx": {
      "version": "4.1.1",
@@ -113,16 +110,31 @@
      }
    },
    "acorn-node": {
-      "version": "1.5.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/acorn-node/-/acorn-node-1.5.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-krFKvw/d1F17AN3XZbybIUzEY4YEPNiGo05AfP3dBlfVKrMHETKpgjpuZkSF8qDNt9UkQcqj7am8yJLseklCMg==",
+      "version": "1.6.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/acorn-node/-/acorn-node-1.6.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-rIhNEZuNI8ibQcL7ANm/mGyPukIaZsRNX9psFNQURyJW0nu6k8wjSDld20z6v2mDBWqX13pIEnk9gGZJHIlEXg==",
      "dev": true,
      "requires": {
-        "acorn": "^5.7.1",
-        "acorn-dynamic-import": "^3.0.0",
+        "acorn": "^6.0.2",
+        "acorn-dynamic-import": "^4.0.0",
+        "acorn-walk": "^6.1.0",
        "xtend": "^4.0.1"
+      },
+      "dependencies": {
+        "acorn": {
+          "version": "6.0.4",
+          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/acorn/-/acorn-6.0.4.tgz",
+          "integrity": "sha512-VY4i5EKSKkofY2I+6QLTbTTN/UvEQPCo6eiwzzSaSWfpaDhOmStMCMod6wmuPciNq+XS0faCglFu2lHZpdHUtg==",
+          "dev": true
+        }
      }
    },
+    "acorn-walk": {
+      "version": "6.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/acorn-walk/-/acorn-walk-6.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-ugTb7Lq7u4GfWSqqpwE0bGyoBZNMTok/zDBXxfEG0QM50jNlGhIWjRC1pPN7bvV1anhF+bs+/gNcRw+o55Evbg==",
+      "dev": true
+    },
    "aes-js": {
      "version": "3.0.0",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/aes-js/-/aes-js-3.0.0.tgz",
@@ -783,9 +795,9 @@
      "dev": true
    },
    "browserify": {
-      "version": "16.2.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/browserify/-/browserify-16.2.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-fMES05wq1Oukts6ksGUU2TMVHHp06LyQt0SIwbXIHm7waSrQmNBZePsU0iM/4f94zbvb/wHma+D1YrdzWYnF/A==",
+      "version": "16.2.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/browserify/-/browserify-16.2.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-zQt/Gd1+W+IY+h/xX2NYMW4orQWhqSwyV+xsblycTtpOuB27h1fZhhNQuipJ4t79ohw4P4mMem0jp/ZkISQtjQ==",
      "dev": true,
      "requires": {
        "JSONStream": "^1.0.3",
@@ -927,9 +939,9 @@
      }
    },
    "buffer": {
-      "version": "5.2.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/buffer/-/buffer-5.2.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-nUJyfChH7PMJy75eRDCCKtszSEFokUNXC1hNVSe+o+VdcgvDPLs20k3v8UXI8ruRYAJiYtyRea8mYyqPxoHWDw==",
+      "version": "5.2.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/buffer/-/buffer-5.2.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-c+Ko0loDaFfuPWiL02ls9Xd3GO3cPVmUobQ6t3rXNUk304u6hGq+8N/kFi+QEIKhzK3uwolVhLzszmfLmMLnqg==",
      "dev": true,
      "requires": {
        "base64-js": "^1.0.2",
@@ -996,9 +1008,9 @@
      }
    },
    "cached-path-relative": {
-      "version": "1.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cached-path-relative/-/cached-path-relative-1.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-0JxLUoAKpMB44t2BqGmqyQ0uVOc=",
+      "version": "1.0.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cached-path-relative/-/cached-path-relative-1.0.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-5r2GqsoEb4qMTTN9J+WzXfjov+hjxT+j3u5K+kIVNIwAd99DLCJE9pBIMP1qVeybV6JiijL385Oz0DcYxfbOIg==",
      "dev": true
    },
    "caller-path": {
@@ -5288,9 +5300,9 @@
      }
    },
    "pbkdf2": {
-      "version": "3.0.16",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/pbkdf2/-/pbkdf2-3.0.16.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-y4CXP3thSxqf7c0qmOF+9UeOTrifiVTIM+u7NWlq+PRsHbr7r7dpCmvzrZxa96JJUNi0Y5w9VqG5ZNeCVMoDcA==",
+      "version": "3.0.17",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/pbkdf2/-/pbkdf2-3.0.17.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-U/il5MsrZp7mGg3mSQfn742na2T+1/vHDCG5/iTI3X9MKUuYUZVLQhyRsg06mCgDBTd57TxzgZt7P+fYfjRLtA==",
      "dev": true,
      "requires": {
        "create-hash": "^1.1.2",
@@ -5392,16 +5404,17 @@
      }
    },
    "public-encrypt": {
-      "version": "4.0.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/public-encrypt/-/public-encrypt-4.0.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-4kJ5Esocg8X3h8YgJsKAuoesBgB7mqH3eowiDzMUPKiRDDE7E/BqqZD1hnTByIaAFiwAw246YEltSq7tdrOH0Q==",
+      "version": "4.0.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/public-encrypt/-/public-encrypt-4.0.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-zVpa8oKZSz5bTMTFClc1fQOnyyEzpl5ozpi1B5YcvBrdohMjH2rfsBtyXcuNuwjsDIXmBYlF2N5FlJYhR29t8Q==",
      "dev": true,
      "requires": {
        "bn.js": "^4.1.0",
        "browserify-rsa": "^4.0.0",
        "create-hash": "^1.1.0",
        "parse-asn1": "^5.0.0",
-        "randombytes": "^2.0.1"
+        "randombytes": "^2.0.1",
+        "safe-buffer": "^5.1.2"
      }
    },
    "pump": {
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 {
  "name": "ethers",
-  "version": "4.0.8",
+  "version": "4.0.21",
  "description": "Ethereum wallet library.",
  "main": "./index.js",
  "types": "./index.d.ts",
  "scripts": {
    "build": "npm run dist-version && tsc -p ./tsconfig.json",
    "auto-build": "npm run build -- -w",
-    "dist": "npm run dist-version && npm run build && gulp default minified && npm run dist-types",
-    "dist-test": "gulp default-test minified-test",
+    "dist": "npm run dist-version && npm run build && gulp default minified shims && npm run dist-types",
+    "dist-test": "gulp default-test minified-test shims",
    "dist-bip39": "gulp bip39-es bip39-fr bip39-it bip39-ja bip39-ko bip39-zh",
    "dist-types": "dts-bundle --name ethers --main ./index.d.ts --out ./dist/ethers.types.txt",
    "dist-version": "node -e \"let v = require('./package.json').version; require('fs').writeFileSync('./src.ts/_version.ts', 'export const version = \\\"' + v +'\\\";\\n')\"",
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
    "xmlhttprequest": "1.8.0"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
-    "browserify": "^16.2.2",
+    "browserify": "^16.2.3",
    "browserify-zlib": "^0.2.0",
    "dts-bundle": "^0.7.3",
    "eslint": "^5.0.1",
--- a/providers/abstract-provider.d.ts
+++ b/providers/abstract-provider.d.ts
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ export interface TransactionReceipt {
 export declare type TransactionRequest = {
    to?: string | Promise<string>;
    from?: string | Promise<string>;
-    nonce?: number | string | Promise<number | string>;
+    nonce?: BigNumberish | Promise<BigNumberish>;
    gasLimit?: BigNumberish | Promise<BigNumberish>;
    gasPrice?: BigNumberish | Promise<BigNumberish>;
    data?: Arrayish | Promise<Arrayish>;
--- a/providers/base-provider.d.ts
+++ b/providers/base-provider.d.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ import { Network, Networkish } from '../utils/networks';
 export declare class BaseProvider extends Provider {
    private _network;
    private _events;
-    protected _emitted: any;
+    protected _emitted: {
+        [eventName: string]: number | 'pending';
+    };
    private _pollingInterval;
    private _poller;
    private _lastBlockNumber;
--- a/providers/base-provider.js
+++ b/providers/base-provider.js
@@ -79,9 +79,15 @@ function arrayOf(check) {
        return result;
    });
 }
-function checkHash(hash) {
-    if (typeof (hash) === 'string' && bytes_1.hexDataLength(hash) === 32) {
-        return hash.toLowerCase();
+function checkHash(hash, requirePrefix) {
+    if (typeof (hash) === 'string') {
+        // geth-etc does add a "0x" prefix on receipt.root
+        if (!requirePrefix && hash.substring(0, 2) !== '0x') {
+            hash = '0x' + hash;
+        }
+        if (bytes_1.hexDataLength(hash) === 32) {
+            return hash.toLowerCase();
+        }
    }
    errors.throwError('invalid hash', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, { arg: 'hash', value: hash });
    return null;
@@ -202,6 +208,10 @@ function checkTransactionResponse(transaction) {
    }
    var result = check(formatTransaction, transaction);
    var networkId = transaction.networkId;
+    // geth-etc returns chainId
+    if (transaction.chainId != null && networkId == null && result.v == null) {
+        networkId = transaction.chainId;
+    }
    if (bytes_1.isHexString(networkId)) {
        networkId = bignumber_1.bigNumberify(networkId).toNumber();
    }
@@ -405,6 +415,8 @@ var BaseProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
                properties_1.defineReadOnly(_this, '_network', network);
                return network;
            }));
+            // Squash any "unhandled promise" errors; the don't need to be handled
+            _this.ready.catch(function (error) { });
        }
        else {
            var knownNetwork = networks_1.getNetwork((network == null) ? 'homestead' : network);
@@ -422,11 +434,7 @@ var BaseProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
        // Events being listened to
        _this._events = [];
        _this._pollingInterval = 4000;
-        // We use this to track recent emitted events; for example, if we emit a "block" of 100
-        // and we get a `getBlock(100)` request which would result in null, we should retry
-        // until we get a response. This provides devs with a consistent view. Similarly for
-        // transaction hashes.
-        _this._emitted = { block: _this._lastBlockNumber };
+        _this._emitted = { block: -2 };
        _this._fastQueryDate = 0;
        return _this;
    }
@@ -438,28 +446,40 @@ var BaseProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
            if (blockNumber === _this._lastBlockNumber) {
                return;
            }
-            if (_this._lastBlockNumber === -2) {
-                _this._lastBlockNumber = blockNumber - 1;
+            // First polling cycle, trigger a "block" events
+            if (_this._emitted.block === -2) {
+                _this._emitted.block = blockNumber - 1;
            }
-            var _loop_1 = function (i) {
-                if (_this._emitted.block < i) {
-                    _this._emitted.block = i;
+            // Notify all listener for each block that has passed
+            for (var i = _this._emitted.block + 1; i <= blockNumber; i++) {
+                _this.emit('block', i);
+            }
+            // The emitted block was updated, check for obsolete events
+            if (_this._emitted.block !== blockNumber) {
+                _this._emitted.block = blockNumber;
+                Object.keys(_this._emitted).forEach(function (key) {
+                    // The block event does not expire
+                    if (key === 'block') {
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    // The block we were at when we emitted this event
+                    var eventBlockNumber = _this._emitted[key];
+                    // We cannot garbage collect pending transactions or blocks here
+                    // They should be garbage collected by the Provider when setting
+                    // "pending" events
+                    if (eventBlockNumber === 'pending') {
+                        return;
+                    }
                    // Evict any transaction hashes or block hashes over 12 blocks
                    // old, since they should not return null anyways
-                    Object.keys(_this._emitted).forEach(function (key) {
-                        if (key === 'block') {
-                            return;
-                        }
-                        if (_this._emitted[key] > i + 12) {
-                            delete _this._emitted[key];
-                        }
-                    });
-                }
-                _this.emit('block', i);
-            };
-            // Notify all listener for each block that has passed
-            for (var i = _this._lastBlockNumber + 1; i <= blockNumber; i++) {
-                _loop_1(i);
+                    if (blockNumber - eventBlockNumber > 12) {
+                        delete _this._emitted[key];
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+            // First polling cycle
+            if (_this._lastBlockNumber === -2) {
+                _this._lastBlockNumber = blockNumber - 1;
            }
            // Sweep balances and remove addresses we no longer have events for
            var newBalances = {};
@@ -485,12 +505,12 @@ var BaseProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
                            newBalances[address_2] = _this._balances[address_2];
                        }
                        _this.getBalance(address_2, 'latest').then(function (balance) {
-                            var lastBalance = this._balances[address_2];
+                            var lastBalance = _this._balances[address_2];
                            if (lastBalance && balance.eq(lastBalance)) {
                                return;
                            }
-                            this._balances[address_2] = balance;
-                            this.emit(address_2, balance);
+                            _this._balances[address_2] = balance;
+                            _this.emit(address_2, balance);
                            return null;
                        }).catch(function (error) { _this.emit('error', error); });
                        break;
@@ -528,8 +548,10 @@ var BaseProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
        this.doPoll();
    };
    BaseProvider.prototype.resetEventsBlock = function (blockNumber) {
-        this._lastBlockNumber = blockNumber;
-        this._doPoll();
+        this._lastBlockNumber = blockNumber - 1;
+        if (this.polling) {
+            this._doPoll();
+        }
    };
    Object.defineProperty(BaseProvider.prototype, "network", {
        get: function () {
@@ -543,10 +565,7 @@ var BaseProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
    };
    Object.defineProperty(BaseProvider.prototype, "blockNumber", {
        get: function () {
-            if (this._lastBlockNumber < 0) {
-                return null;
-            }
-            return this._lastBlockNumber;
+            return this._fastBlockNumber;
        },
        enumerable: true,
        configurable: true
@@ -620,11 +639,14 @@ var BaseProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
    //        this will be used once we move to the WebSocket or other alternatives to polling
    BaseProvider.prototype.waitForTransaction = function (transactionHash, confirmations) {
        var _this = this;
-        if (!confirmations) {
+        if (confirmations == null) {
            confirmations = 1;
        }
        return web_1.poll(function () {
            return _this.getTransactionReceipt(transactionHash).then(function (receipt) {
+                if (confirmations === 0) {
+                    return receipt;
+                }
                if (receipt == null || receipt.confirmations < confirmations) {
                    return undefined;
                }
@@ -742,10 +764,20 @@ var BaseProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
        if (hash != null && tx.hash !== hash) {
            errors.throwError('Transaction hash mismatch from Provider.sendTransaction.', errors.UNKNOWN_ERROR, { expectedHash: tx.hash, returnedHash: hash });
        }
-        this._emitted['t:' + tx.hash] = 'pending';
        // @TODO: (confirmations? number, timeout? number)
        result.wait = function (confirmations) {
+            // We know this transaction *must* exist (whether it gets mined is
+            // another story), so setting an emitted value forces us to
+            // wait even if the node returns null for the receipt
+            if (confirmations !== 0) {
+                _this._emitted['t:' + tx.hash] = 'pending';
+            }
            return _this.waitForTransaction(tx.hash, confirmations).then(function (receipt) {
+                if (receipt == null && confirmations === 0) {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                // No longer pending, allow the polling loop to garbage collect this
+                _this._emitted['t:' + tx.hash] = receipt.blockNumber;
                if (receipt.status === 0) {
                    errors.throwError('transaction failed', errors.CALL_EXCEPTION, {
                        transactionHash: tx.hash,
@@ -823,7 +855,7 @@ var BaseProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
                    return web_1.poll(function () {
                        return _this.perform('getBlock', { blockTag: blockTag_1, includeTransactions: !!includeTransactions }).then(function (block) {
                            if (block == null) {
-                                if (blockNumber_1 > _this._emitted.block) {
+                                if (blockNumber_1 <= _this._emitted.block) {
                                    return undefined;
                                }
                                return null;
@@ -842,7 +874,7 @@ var BaseProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
        return this.ready.then(function () {
            return properties_1.resolveProperties({ transactionHash: transactionHash }).then(function (_a) {
                var transactionHash = _a.transactionHash;
-                var params = { transactionHash: checkHash(transactionHash) };
+                var params = { transactionHash: checkHash(transactionHash, true) };
                return web_1.poll(function () {
                    return _this.perform('getTransaction', params).then(function (result) {
                        if (result == null) {
@@ -877,7 +909,7 @@ var BaseProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
        return this.ready.then(function () {
            return properties_1.resolveProperties({ transactionHash: transactionHash }).then(function (_a) {
                var transactionHash = _a.transactionHash;
-                var params = { transactionHash: checkHash(transactionHash) };
+                var params = { transactionHash: checkHash(transactionHash, true) };
                return web_1.poll(function () {
                    return _this.perform('getTransactionReceipt', params).then(function (result) {
                        if (result == null) {
@@ -1056,7 +1088,7 @@ var BaseProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
        return null;
    };
    BaseProvider.prototype._startPending = function () {
-        console.log('WARNING: this provider does not support pending events');
+        errors.warn('WARNING: this provider does not support pending events');
    };
    BaseProvider.prototype._stopPending = function () {
    };
--- a/providers/fallback-provider.js
+++ b/providers/fallback-provider.js
@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ function checkNetworks(networks) {
        // Matches!
        if (check.name === network.name &&
            check.chainId === network.chainId &&
-            check.ensAddress === network.ensAddress) {
+            ((check.ensAddress === network.ensAddress) ||
+                (check.ensAddress == null && network.ensAddress == null))) {
            return;
        }
        errors.throwError('provider mismatch', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, { arg: 'networks', value: networks });
--- a/providers/infura-provider.js
+++ b/providers/infura-provider.js
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ var InfuraProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
        return _this;
    }
    InfuraProvider.prototype._startPending = function () {
-        console.log('WARNING: INFURA does not support pending filters');
+        errors.warn('WARNING: INFURA does not support pending filters');
    };
    InfuraProvider.prototype.getSigner = function (address) {
        errors.throwError('INFURA does not support signing', errors.UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION, { operation: 'getSigner' });
--- a/providers/json-rpc-provider.d.ts
+++ b/providers/json-rpc-provider.d.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ export declare class JsonRpcSigner extends Signer {
    getAddress(): Promise<string>;
    getBalance(blockTag?: BlockTag): Promise<BigNumber>;
    getTransactionCount(blockTag?: BlockTag): Promise<number>;
+    sendUncheckedTransaction(transaction: TransactionRequest): Promise<string>;
    sendTransaction(transaction: TransactionRequest): Promise<TransactionResponse>;
    signMessage(message: Arrayish | string): Promise<string>;
    unlock(password: string): Promise<boolean>;
--- a/providers/json-rpc-provider.js
+++ b/providers/json-rpc-provider.js
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ var address_1 = require("../utils/address");
 var bytes_1 = require("../utils/bytes");
 var networks_1 = require("../utils/networks");
 var properties_1 = require("../utils/properties");
-var transaction_1 = require("../utils/transaction");
 var utf8_1 = require("../utils/utf8");
 var web_1 = require("../utils/web");
 function timer(timeout) {
@@ -97,31 +96,32 @@ var JsonRpcSigner = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
    JsonRpcSigner.prototype.getTransactionCount = function (blockTag) {
        return this.provider.getTransactionCount(this.getAddress(), blockTag);
    };
-    JsonRpcSigner.prototype.sendTransaction = function (transaction) {
+    JsonRpcSigner.prototype.sendUncheckedTransaction = function (transaction) {
        var _this = this;
-        // Once populateTransaction resolves, the from address will be populated from getAddress
-        var from = null;
-        var getAddress = this.getAddress().then(function (address) {
+        transaction = properties_1.shallowCopy(transaction);
+        var fromAddress = this.getAddress().then(function (address) {
            if (address) {
-                from = address.toLowerCase();
+                address = address.toLowerCase();
            }
-            return from;
+            return address;
        });
-        return transaction_1.populateTransaction(transaction, this.provider, getAddress).then(function (tx) {
+        // The JSON-RPC for eth_sendTransaction uses 90000 gas; if the user
+        // wishes to use this, it is easy to specify explicitly, otherwise
+        // we look it up for them.
+        if (transaction.gasLimit == null) {
+            var estimate = properties_1.shallowCopy(transaction);
+            estimate.from = fromAddress;
+            transaction.gasLimit = this.provider.estimateGas(estimate);
+        }
+        return Promise.all([
+            properties_1.resolveProperties(transaction),
+            fromAddress
+        ]).then(function (results) {
+            var tx = results[0];
            var hexTx = JsonRpcProvider.hexlifyTransaction(tx);
-            hexTx.from = from;
+            hexTx.from = results[1];
            return _this.provider.send('eth_sendTransaction', [hexTx]).then(function (hash) {
-                return web_1.poll(function () {
-                    return _this.provider.getTransaction(hash).then(function (tx) {
-                        if (tx === null) {
-                            return undefined;
-                        }
-                        return _this.provider._wrapTransaction(tx, hash);
-                    });
-                }, { onceBlock: _this.provider }).catch(function (error) {
-                    error.transactionHash = hash;
-                    throw error;
-                });
+                return hash;
            }, function (error) {
                if (error.responseText) {
                    // See: JsonRpcProvider.sendTransaction (@TODO: Expose a ._throwError??)
@@ -145,6 +145,22 @@ var JsonRpcSigner = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
            });
        });
    };
+    JsonRpcSigner.prototype.sendTransaction = function (transaction) {
+        var _this = this;
+        return this.sendUncheckedTransaction(transaction).then(function (hash) {
+            return web_1.poll(function () {
+                return _this.provider.getTransaction(hash).then(function (tx) {
+                    if (tx === null) {
+                        return undefined;
+                    }
+                    return _this.provider._wrapTransaction(tx, hash);
+                });
+            }, { onceBlock: _this.provider }).catch(function (error) {
+                error.transactionHash = hash;
+                throw error;
+            });
+        });
+    };
    JsonRpcSigner.prototype.signMessage = function (message) {
        var _this = this;
        var data = ((typeof (message) === 'string') ? utf8_1.toUtf8Bytes(message) : message);
@@ -308,6 +324,7 @@ var JsonRpcProvider = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
                    }
                    var seq = Promise.resolve();
                    hashes.forEach(function (hash) {
+                        // @TODO: This should be garbage collected at some point... How? When?
                        self._emitted['t:' + hash.toLowerCase()] = 'pending';
                        seq = seq.then(function () {
                            return self.getTransaction(hash).then(function (tx) {
--- a/src.ts/_version.ts
+++ b/src.ts/_version.ts
@@ -1 +1 @@
-export const version = "4.0.8";
+export const version = "4.0.21";
--- a/src.ts/contract.ts
+++ b/src.ts/contract.ts
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ function runMethod(contract: Contract, functionName: string, estimateOnly: boole
                            receipt.events = receipt.logs.map((log) => {
                                 let event: Event = (<Event>deepCopy(log));

-                                 let parsed = this.interface.parseLog(log);
+                                 let parsed = contract.interface.parseLog(log);
                                 if (parsed) {
                                     event.args = parsed.values;
                                     event.decode = parsed.decode;
@@ -288,12 +288,12 @@ function runMethod(contract: Contract, functionName: string, estimateOnly: boole
                                     event.eventSignature = parsed.signature;
                                }

-                                event.removeListener = () => { return this.provider; }
+                                event.removeListener = () => { return contract.provider; }
                                event.getBlock = () => {
-                                    return this.provider.getBlock(receipt.blockHash);
+                                    return contract.provider.getBlock(receipt.blockHash);
                                }
                                event.getTransaction = () => {
-                                    return this.provider.getTransaction(receipt.transactionHash);
+                                    return contract.provider.getTransaction(receipt.transactionHash);
                                }
                                event.getTransactionReceipt = () => {
                                    return Promise.resolve(receipt);
@@ -411,7 +411,6 @@ export class Contract {
                if (address == null) { throw new Error('name not found'); }
                return address;
            }).catch((error: Error) => {
-                console.log('ERROR: Cannot find Contract - ' + addressOrName);
                throw error;
            }));
        } else {
@@ -429,7 +428,7 @@ export class Contract {
            if ((<any>this)[name] == null) {
                defineReadOnly(this, name, run);
            } else {
-                console.log('WARNING: Multiple definitions for ' + name);
+                errors.warn('WARNING: Multiple definitions for ' + name);
            }

            if (this.functions[name] == null) {
@@ -697,7 +696,15 @@ export class Contract {

        let eventFilter = this._getEventFilter(eventName);
        this._events = this._events.filter((event) => {
-            return event.eventFilter.eventTag !== eventFilter.eventTag
+
+            // Keep all other events
+            if (event.eventFilter.eventTag !== eventFilter.eventTag) {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            // Deregister this event from the provider and filter it out
+            this.provider.removeListener(event.eventFilter.filter, event.wrappedListener);
+            return false;
        });

        return this;
@@ -799,7 +806,7 @@ export class ContractFactory {
        });

        // Make sure the call matches the constructor signature
-        errors.checkArgumentCount(args.length, this.interface.deployFunction.inputs.length, 'in Contract constructor');
+        errors.checkArgumentCount(args.length, this.interface.deployFunction.inputs.length, ' in Contract constructor');

        // Set the data to the bytecode + the encoded constructor arguments
        tx.data = this.interface.deployFunction.encode(this.bytecode, args);
--- a/src.ts/errors.ts
+++ b/src.ts/errors.ts
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ export const MISSING_NEW = 'MISSING_NEW';
 export const CALL_EXCEPTION = 'CALL_EXCEPTION';

 // Invalid argument (e.g. value is incompatible with type) to a function:
-//   - arg: The argument name that was invalid
+//   - argument: The argument name that was invalid
 //   - value: The value of the argument
 export const INVALID_ARGUMENT = 'INVALID_ARGUMENT';

@@ -116,9 +116,53 @@ export function checkArgumentCount(count: number, expectedCount: number, suffix?

 export function setCensorship(censorship: boolean, permanent?: boolean): void {
    if (_permanentCensorErrors) {
-        throwError('error censorship permanent', UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION, { operation: 'setCersorship' });
+        throwError('error censorship permanent', UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION, { operation: 'setCensorship' });
    }

    _censorErrors = !!censorship;
    _permanentCensorErrors = !!permanent;
 }
+
+export function checkNormalize(): void {
+    try {
+        // Make sure all forms of normalization are supported
+        ["NFD", "NFC", "NFKD", "NFKC"].forEach((form) => {
+            try {
+                "test".normalize(form);
+            } catch(error) {
+                throw new Error('missing ' + form);
+            }
+        });
+
+        if (String.fromCharCode(0xe9).normalize('NFD') !== String.fromCharCode(0x65, 0x0301)) {
+            throw new Error('broken implementation')
+        }
+    } catch (error) {
+        throwError('platform missing String.prototype.normalize', UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION, { operation: 'String.prototype.normalize', form: error.message });
+    }
+}
+
+const LogLevels: { [ name: string ]: number } = { debug: 1, "default": 2, info: 2, warn: 3, error: 4, off: 5 };
+let LogLevel = LogLevels["default"];
+
+export function setLogLevel(logLevel: string): void {
+    let level = LogLevels[logLevel];
+    if (level == null) {
+        warn("invliad log level - " + logLevel);
+        return;
+    }
+    LogLevel = level;
+}
+
+function log(logLevel: string, args: Array<any>): void {
+    if (LogLevel > LogLevels[logLevel]) { return; }
+    console.log.apply(console, args);
+}
+
+export function warn(...args: Array<any>): void {
+    log("warn", args);
+}
+
+export function info(...args: Array<any>): void {
+    log("info", args);
+}
--- a/src.ts/ethers.ts
+++ b/src.ts/ethers.ts
@@ -33,10 +33,15 @@ import { ContractFunction, ContractTransaction, Event, EventFilter } from './con
 // Helper Functions

 function getDefaultProvider(network?: utils.Network | string): providers.BaseProvider {
-    return new providers.FallbackProvider([
-        new providers.InfuraProvider(network),
-        new providers.EtherscanProvider(network),
-    ]);
+    if (network == null) { network = 'homestead'; }
+    let n = utils.getNetwork(network);
+    if (!n || !n._defaultProvider) {
+        errors.throwError('unsupported getDefaultProvider network', errors.UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION, {
+            operation: 'getDefaultProvider',
+            network: network
+        });
+    }
+    return n._defaultProvider(providers);
 }


--- a/src.ts/providers/abstract-provider.ts
+++ b/src.ts/providers/abstract-provider.ts
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ export interface TransactionReceipt {
 export type TransactionRequest = {
    to?: string | Promise<string>,
    from?: string | Promise<string>,
-    nonce?: number | string | Promise<number | string>,
+    nonce?: BigNumberish | Promise<BigNumberish>,

    gasLimit?: BigNumberish | Promise<BigNumberish>,
    gasPrice?: BigNumberish | Promise<BigNumberish>,
--- a/src.ts/providers/base-provider.ts
+++ b/src.ts/providers/base-provider.ts
@@ -82,9 +82,13 @@ function arrayOf(check: CheckFunc): CheckFunc {
    });
 }

-function checkHash(hash: any): string {
-    if (typeof(hash) === 'string' && hexDataLength(hash) === 32) {
-       return hash.toLowerCase();
+function checkHash(hash: any, requirePrefix?: boolean): string {
+    if (typeof(hash) === 'string') {
+        // geth-etc does add a "0x" prefix on receipt.root
+        if (!requirePrefix && hash.substring(0, 2) !== '0x') { hash = '0x' + hash; }
+        if (hexDataLength(hash) === 32) {
+           return hash.toLowerCase();
+        }
    }
    errors.throwError('invalid hash', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, { arg: 'hash', value: hash });
    return null;
@@ -220,11 +224,15 @@ function checkTransactionResponse(transaction: any): TransactionResponse {
        }
    }

-
    let result = check(formatTransaction, transaction);

    let networkId = transaction.networkId;

+    // geth-etc returns chainId
+    if (transaction.chainId != null && networkId == null && result.v == null) {
+        networkId = transaction.chainId;
+    }
+
    if (isHexString(networkId)) {
        networkId = bigNumberify(networkId).toNumber();
    }
@@ -475,10 +483,21 @@ export class BaseProvider extends Provider {
    private _network: Network;

    private _events: Array<_Event>;
-    protected _emitted: any;
+
+    // To help mitigate the eventually conssitent nature of the blockchain
+    // we keep a mapping of events we emit. If we emit an event X, we expect
+    // that a user should be able to query for that event in the callback,
+    // if the node returns null, we stall the response until we get back a
+    // meaningful value, since we may be hitting a re-org, or a node that
+    // has not indexed the event yet.
+    // Events:
+    //   - t:{hash}    - Transaction hash
+    //   - b:{hash}    - BlockHash
+    //   - block       - The most recent emitted block
+    protected _emitted: { [ eventName: string ]: number | 'pending' };

    private _pollingInterval: number;
-    private _poller: any; // @TODO: what does TypeScript thing setInterval returns?
+    private _poller: any; // @TODO: what does TypeScript think setInterval returns?

    private _lastBlockNumber: number;

@@ -511,6 +530,9 @@ export class BaseProvider extends Provider {
                return network;
            }));

+            // Squash any "unhandled promise" errors; the don't need to be handled
+            this.ready.catch((error) => { });
+
        } else {
            let knownNetwork = getNetwork((network == null) ? 'homestead': network);
            if (knownNetwork) {
@@ -532,11 +554,7 @@ export class BaseProvider extends Provider {

        this._pollingInterval = 4000;

-        // We use this to track recent emitted events; for example, if we emit a "block" of 100
-        // and we get a `getBlock(100)` request which would result in null, we should retry
-        // until we get a response. This provides devs with a consistent view. Similarly for
-        // transaction hashes.
-        this._emitted = { block: this._lastBlockNumber };
+        this._emitted = { block: -2 };

        this._fastQueryDate = 0;
    }
@@ -548,24 +566,43 @@ export class BaseProvider extends Provider {
            // If the block hasn't changed, meh.
            if (blockNumber === this._lastBlockNumber) { return; }

-            if (this._lastBlockNumber === -2) { this._lastBlockNumber = blockNumber - 1; }
+            // First polling cycle, trigger a "block" events
+            if (this._emitted.block === -2) {
+                this._emitted.block = blockNumber - 1;
+            }

            // Notify all listener for each block that has passed
-            for (let i = this._lastBlockNumber + 1; i <= blockNumber; i++) {
-                if (this._emitted.block < i) {
-                    this._emitted.block = i;
+            for (let i = (<number>this._emitted.block) + 1; i <= blockNumber; i++) {
+                this.emit('block', i);
+            }
+
+            // The emitted block was updated, check for obsolete events
+            if ((<number>this._emitted.block) !== blockNumber) {
+                this._emitted.block = blockNumber;
+
+                Object.keys(this._emitted).forEach((key) => {
+                    // The block event does not expire
+                    if (key === 'block') { return; }
+
+                    // The block we were at when we emitted this event
+                    let eventBlockNumber = this._emitted[key];
+
+                    // We cannot garbage collect pending transactions or blocks here
+                    // They should be garbage collected by the Provider when setting
+                    // "pending" events
+                    if (eventBlockNumber === 'pending') { return; }

                    // Evict any transaction hashes or block hashes over 12 blocks
                    // old, since they should not return null anyways
-                    Object.keys(this._emitted).forEach((key) => {
-                        if (key === 'block') { return; }
+                    if (blockNumber - eventBlockNumber > 12) {
+                        delete this._emitted[key];
+                    }
+                });
+            }

-                        if (this._emitted[key] > i + 12) {
-                            delete this._emitted[key];
-                        }
-                    });
-                }
-                this.emit('block', i);
+            // First polling cycle
+            if (this._lastBlockNumber === -2) {
+                this._lastBlockNumber = blockNumber - 1;
            }

            // Sweep balances and remove addresses we no longer have events for
@@ -583,6 +620,7 @@ export class BaseProvider extends Provider {
                            this.emit(hash, receipt);
                            return null;
                        }).catch((error: Error) => { this.emit('error', error); });
+
                        break;
                    }

@@ -591,13 +629,15 @@ export class BaseProvider extends Provider {
                        if (this._balances[address]) {
                            newBalances[address] = this._balances[address];
                        }
-                        this.getBalance(address, 'latest').then(function(balance) {
+
+                        this.getBalance(address, 'latest').then((balance) => {
                            let lastBalance = this._balances[address];
                            if (lastBalance && balance.eq(lastBalance)) { return; }
                            this._balances[address] = balance;
                            this.emit(address, balance);
                            return null;
                        }).catch((error: Error) => { this.emit('error', error); });
+
                        break;
                    }

@@ -630,12 +670,13 @@ export class BaseProvider extends Provider {

            return null;
        }).catch((error: Error) => { });
+
        this.doPoll();
    }

    resetEventsBlock(blockNumber: number): void {
-        this._lastBlockNumber = blockNumber;
-        this._doPoll();
+        this._lastBlockNumber = blockNumber - 1;
+        if (this.polling) { this._doPoll(); }
    }

    get network(): Network {
@@ -647,8 +688,7 @@ export class BaseProvider extends Provider {
    }

    get blockNumber(): number {
-        if (this._lastBlockNumber < 0) { return null; }
-        return this._lastBlockNumber;
+        return this._fastBlockNumber;
    }

    get polling(): boolean {
@@ -719,10 +759,13 @@ export class BaseProvider extends Provider {
    //        this will be used once we move to the WebSocket or other alternatives to polling

    waitForTransaction(transactionHash: string, confirmations?: number): Promise<TransactionReceipt> {
-        if (!confirmations) { confirmations = 1; }
+        if (confirmations == null) { confirmations = 1; }
        return poll(() => {
            return this.getTransactionReceipt(transactionHash).then((receipt) => {
-                if (receipt == null || receipt.confirmations < confirmations) { return undefined; }
+                if (confirmations === 0) { return receipt; }
+                if (receipt == null || receipt.confirmations < confirmations) {
+                    return undefined;
+                }
                return receipt;
            });
        }, { onceBlock: this });
@@ -832,11 +875,22 @@ export class BaseProvider extends Provider {
            errors.throwError('Transaction hash mismatch from Provider.sendTransaction.', errors.UNKNOWN_ERROR, { expectedHash: tx.hash, returnedHash: hash });
        }

-        this._emitted['t:' + tx.hash] = 'pending';
-
        // @TODO: (confirmations? number, timeout? number)
        result.wait = (confirmations?: number) => {
+
+            // We know this transaction *must* exist (whether it gets mined is
+            // another story), so setting an emitted value forces us to
+            // wait even if the node returns null for the receipt
+            if (confirmations !== 0) {
+                this._emitted['t:' + tx.hash] = 'pending';
+            }
+
            return this.waitForTransaction(tx.hash, confirmations).then((receipt) => {
+                if (receipt == null && confirmations === 0) { return null; }
+
+                // No longer pending, allow the polling loop to garbage collect this
+                this._emitted['t:' + tx.hash] = receipt.blockNumber;
+
                if (receipt.status === 0) {
                    errors.throwError('transaction failed', errors.CALL_EXCEPTION, {
                        transactionHash: tx.hash,
@@ -918,7 +972,7 @@ export class BaseProvider extends Provider {
                    return poll(() => {
                        return this.perform('getBlock', { blockTag: blockTag, includeTransactions: !!includeTransactions }).then((block) => {
                            if (block == null) {
-                                if (blockNumber > this._emitted.block) {
+                                if (blockNumber <= this._emitted.block) {
                                    return undefined;
                                }
                                return null;
@@ -936,7 +990,7 @@ export class BaseProvider extends Provider {
    getTransaction(transactionHash: string): Promise<TransactionResponse> {
        return this.ready.then(() => {
            return resolveProperties({ transactionHash: transactionHash }).then(({ transactionHash }) => {
-                let params = { transactionHash: checkHash(transactionHash) };
+                let params = { transactionHash: checkHash(transactionHash, true) };
                return poll(() => {
                    return this.perform('getTransaction', params).then((result) => {
                        if (result == null) {
@@ -973,7 +1027,7 @@ export class BaseProvider extends Provider {
    getTransactionReceipt(transactionHash: string): Promise<TransactionReceipt> {
        return this.ready.then(() => {
            return resolveProperties({ transactionHash: transactionHash }).then(({ transactionHash }) => {
-                let params = { transactionHash: checkHash(transactionHash) };
+                let params = { transactionHash: checkHash(transactionHash, true) };
                return poll(() => {
                    return this.perform('getTransactionReceipt', params).then((result) => {
                        if (result == null) {
@@ -1170,7 +1224,7 @@ export class BaseProvider extends Provider {
    }

    protected _startPending(): void {
-        console.log('WARNING: this provider does not support pending events');
+        errors.warn('WARNING: this provider does not support pending events');
    }

    protected _stopPending(): void {
--- a/src.ts/providers/fallback-provider.ts
+++ b/src.ts/providers/fallback-provider.ts
@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@ function checkNetworks(networks: Array<Network>): boolean {
        // Matches!
        if (check.name === network.name &&
            check.chainId === network.chainId &&
-            check.ensAddress === network.ensAddress) { return; }
+            ((check.ensAddress === network.ensAddress) ||
+                (check.ensAddress == null && network.ensAddress == null))) { return; }

        errors.throwError(
            'provider mismatch',
--- a/src.ts/providers/infura-provider.ts
+++ b/src.ts/providers/infura-provider.ts
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ export class InfuraProvider extends JsonRpcProvider {
    }

    protected _startPending(): void {
-        console.log('WARNING: INFURA does not support pending filters');
+        errors.warn('WARNING: INFURA does not support pending filters');
    }

    getSigner(address?: string): JsonRpcSigner {
--- a/src.ts/providers/json-rpc-provider.ts
+++ b/src.ts/providers/json-rpc-provider.ts
@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ import { getAddress } from '../utils/address';
 import { BigNumber } from '../utils/bignumber';
 import { hexlify, hexStripZeros } from '../utils/bytes';
 import { getNetwork } from '../utils/networks';
-import { checkProperties, defineReadOnly, shallowCopy } from '../utils/properties';
-import { populateTransaction } from '../utils/transaction';
+import { checkProperties, defineReadOnly, resolveProperties, shallowCopy } from '../utils/properties';
 import { toUtf8Bytes } from '../utils/utf8';
 import { fetchJson, poll } from '../utils/web';

@@ -35,7 +34,7 @@ function timer(timeout: number): Promise<any> {
 function getResult(payload: { error?: { code?: number, data?: any, message?: string }, result?: any }): any {
    if (payload.error) {
        // @TODO: not any
-        var error: any = new Error(payload.error.message);
+        let error: any = new Error(payload.error.message);
        error.code = payload.error.code;
        error.data = payload.error.data;
        throw error;
@@ -102,28 +101,32 @@ export class JsonRpcSigner extends Signer {
        return this.provider.getTransactionCount(this.getAddress(), blockTag);
    }

-    sendTransaction(transaction: TransactionRequest): Promise<TransactionResponse> {
+    sendUncheckedTransaction(transaction: TransactionRequest): Promise<string> {
+        transaction = shallowCopy(transaction);

-        // Once populateTransaction resolves, the from address will be populated from getAddress
-        let from: string = null;
-        let getAddress = this.getAddress().then((address) => {
-            if (address) { from = address.toLowerCase(); }
-            return from;
+        let fromAddress = this.getAddress().then((address) => {
+            if (address) { address = address.toLowerCase(); }
+            return address;
        });

-        return populateTransaction(transaction, this.provider, getAddress).then((tx) => {
+        // The JSON-RPC for eth_sendTransaction uses 90000 gas; if the user
+        // wishes to use this, it is easy to specify explicitly, otherwise
+        // we look it up for them.
+        if (transaction.gasLimit == null) {
+            let estimate = shallowCopy(transaction);
+            estimate.from = fromAddress;
+            transaction.gasLimit = this.provider.estimateGas(estimate);
+        }
+
+        return Promise.all([
+            resolveProperties(transaction),
+            fromAddress
+        ]).then((results) => {
+            let tx = results[0];
            let hexTx = JsonRpcProvider.hexlifyTransaction(tx);
-            hexTx.from = from;
+            hexTx.from = results[1];
            return this.provider.send('eth_sendTransaction', [ hexTx ]).then((hash) => {
-                return poll(() => {
-                    return this.provider.getTransaction(hash).then((tx: TransactionResponse) => {
-                        if (tx === null) { return undefined; }
-                        return this.provider._wrapTransaction(tx, hash);
-                    });
-                }, { onceBlock: this.provider }).catch((error: Error) => {
-                    (<any>error).transactionHash = hash;
-                    throw error;
-                });
+                return hash;
            }, (error) => {
                if (error.responseText) {
                    // See: JsonRpcProvider.sendTransaction (@TODO: Expose a ._throwError??)
@@ -148,8 +151,22 @@ export class JsonRpcSigner extends Signer {
        });
    }

+    sendTransaction(transaction: TransactionRequest): Promise<TransactionResponse> {
+        return this.sendUncheckedTransaction(transaction).then((hash) => {
+            return poll(() => {
+                return this.provider.getTransaction(hash).then((tx: TransactionResponse) => {
+                    if (tx === null) { return undefined; }
+                    return this.provider._wrapTransaction(tx, hash);
+                });
+            }, { onceBlock: this.provider }).catch((error: Error) => {
+                (<any>error).transactionHash = hash;
+                throw error;
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
    signMessage(message: Arrayish | string): Promise<string> {
-        var data = ((typeof(message) === 'string') ? toUtf8Bytes(message): message);
+        let data = ((typeof(message) === 'string') ? toUtf8Bytes(message): message);
        return this.getAddress().then((address) => {

            // https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC#eth_sign
@@ -158,7 +175,7 @@ export class JsonRpcSigner extends Signer {
    }

    unlock(password: string): Promise<boolean> {
-        var provider = this.provider;
+        let provider = this.provider;

        return this.getAddress().then(function(address) {
            return provider.send('personal_unlockAccount', [ address.toLowerCase(), password, null ]);
@@ -323,9 +340,9 @@ export class JsonRpcProvider extends BaseProvider {

    protected _startPending(): void {
        if (this._pendingFilter != null) { return; }
-        var self = this;
+        let self = this;

-        var pendingFilter: Promise<number> = this.send('eth_newPendingTransactionFilter', []);
+        let pendingFilter: Promise<number> = this.send('eth_newPendingTransactionFilter', []);
        this._pendingFilter = pendingFilter;

        pendingFilter.then(function(filterId) {
@@ -333,8 +350,9 @@ export class JsonRpcProvider extends BaseProvider {
                self.send('eth_getFilterChanges', [ filterId ]).then(function(hashes: Array<string>) {
                    if (self._pendingFilter != pendingFilter) { return null; }

-                    var seq = Promise.resolve();
+                    let seq = Promise.resolve();
                    hashes.forEach(function(hash) {
+                        // @TODO: This should be garbage collected at some point... How? When?
                        self._emitted['t:' + hash.toLowerCase()] = 'pending';
                        seq = seq.then(function() {
                            return self.getTransaction(hash).then(function(tx) {
--- a/src.ts/utils/abi-coder.ts
+++ b/src.ts/utils/abi-coder.ts
@@ -107,9 +107,12 @@ type ParseNode = {


 function parseParam(param: string, allowIndexed?: boolean): ParamType {
+
+    let originalParam = param;
    function throwError(i: number) {
-        throw new Error('unexpected character "' + param[i] + '" at position ' + i + ' in "' + param + '"');
+        throw new Error('unexpected character "' + originalParam[i] + '" at position ' + i + ' in "' + originalParam + '"');
    }
+    param = param.replace(/\s/g, ' ');

    var parent: ParseNode = { type: '', name: '', state: { allowType: true } };
    var node = parent;
@@ -263,7 +266,7 @@ function parseSignatureEvent(fragment: string): EventFragment {
            case '':
                break;
            default:
-                console.log('unknown modifier: ' + modifier);
+                errors.info('unknown modifier: ' + modifier);
        }
    });

@@ -333,7 +336,7 @@ function parseSignatureFunction(fragment: string): FunctionFragment {
            case '':
                break;
            default:
-                console.log('unknown modifier: ' + modifier);
+                errors.info('unknown modifier: ' + modifier);
        }
    });

@@ -380,6 +383,7 @@ export function formatSignature(fragment: EventFragment | FunctionFragment): str
 export function parseSignature(fragment: string): EventFragment | FunctionFragment {
    if(typeof(fragment) === 'string') {
        // Make sure the "returns" is surrounded by a space and all whitespace is exactly one space
+        fragment = fragment.replace(/\s/g, ' ');
        fragment = fragment.replace(/\(/g, ' (').replace(/\)/g, ') ').replace(/\s+/g, ' ');
        fragment = fragment.trim();

@@ -844,7 +848,7 @@ class CoderArray extends Coder {
            result = uint256Coder.encode(count);
        }

-        errors.checkArgumentCount(count, value.length, 'in coder array' + (this.localName? (" "+ this.localName): ""));
+        errors.checkArgumentCount(count, value.length, ' in coder array' + (this.localName? (" "+ this.localName): ""));

        var coders = [];
        for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) { coders.push(this.coder); }
--- a/src.ts/utils/bignumber.ts
+++ b/src.ts/utils/bignumber.ts
@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@ function _bnify(value: BigNumber): BN.BN {
    return new BN.BN(hex.substring(2), 16);
 }

-
 export type BigNumberish = BigNumber | string | number | Arrayish;

 export class BigNumber implements Hexable {
@@ -108,6 +107,13 @@ export class BigNumber implements Hexable {
        return toBigNumber(_bnify(this).toTwos(value));
    }

+    abs(): BigNumber {
+        if (this._hex[0] === '-') {
+            return toBigNumber(_bnify(this).mul(BN_1));
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
    add(other: BigNumberish): BigNumber {
        return toBigNumber(_bnify(this).add(toBN(other)));
    }
--- a/src.ts/utils/hash.ts
+++ b/src.ts/utils/hash.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 'use strict';

+import * as errors from '../errors';
+
 import { concat, hexlify } from './bytes';
 import { toUtf8Bytes } from './utf8';
 import { keccak256 } from './keccak256';
@@ -11,11 +13,18 @@ import { Arrayish } from './bytes';

 ///////////////////////////////

-var Zeros = new Uint8Array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]);
-var Partition = new RegExp("^((.*)\\.)?([^.]+)$");
-var UseSTD3ASCIIRules = new RegExp("^[a-z0-9.-]*$");
+const Zeros = new Uint8Array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]);
+const Partition = new RegExp("^((.*)\\.)?([^.]+)$");
+const UseSTD3ASCIIRules = new RegExp("^[a-z0-9.-]*$");

 export function namehash(name: string): string {
+    if (typeof(name) !== 'string') {
+        errors.throwError('invalid address - ' + String(name), errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
+            argument: 'name',
+            value: name
+        });
+    }
+
    name = name.toLowerCase();

    // Supporting the full UTF-8 space requires additional (and large)
@@ -23,13 +32,16 @@ export function namehash(name: string): string {
    // It should be fairly easy in the future to support systems with
    // String.normalize, but that is future work.
    if (!name.match(UseSTD3ASCIIRules)) {
-        throw new Error('contains invalid UseSTD3ASCIIRules characters');
+        errors.throwError('contains invalid UseSTD3ASCIIRules characters', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
+            argument: 'name',
+            value: name
+        });
    }

-    var result: string | Uint8Array = Zeros;
+    let result: string | Uint8Array = Zeros;
    while (name.length) {
-        var partition = name.match(Partition);
-        var label = toUtf8Bytes(partition[3]);
+        let partition = name.match(Partition);
+        let label = toUtf8Bytes(partition[3]);
        result = keccak256(concat([result, keccak256(label)]));

        name = partition[2] || '';
@@ -44,11 +56,10 @@ export function id(text: string): string {
 }

 export function hashMessage(message: Arrayish | string): string {
-    var payload = concat([
+    return keccak256(concat([
        toUtf8Bytes('\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n'),
        toUtf8Bytes(String(message.length)),
        ((typeof(message) === 'string') ? toUtf8Bytes(message): message)
-    ]);
-    return keccak256(payload);
+    ]));
 }

--- a/src.ts/utils/hdnode.ts
+++ b/src.ts/utils/hdnode.ts
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ export class HDNode {
        // Base path
        var mnemonic = this.mnemonic;
        var path = this.path;
-        if (path) { path += '/' + index; }
+        if (path) { path += '/' + (index & ~HardenedBit); }

        if (index & HardenedBit) {
            // Data = 0x00 || ser_256(k_par)
@@ -201,6 +201,8 @@ export function mnemonicToSeed(mnemonic: string, password?: string): string {
 export function mnemonicToEntropy(mnemonic: string, wordlist?: Wordlist): string {
    if (!wordlist) { wordlist = langEn; }

+    errors.checkNormalize();
+        
    var words = wordlist.split(mnemonic);
    if ((words.length % 3) !== 0) { throw new Error('invalid mnemonic'); }

--- a/src.ts/utils/index.ts
+++ b/src.ts/utils/index.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { AbiCoder, defaultAbiCoder, formatSignature, formatParamType, parseSigna
 import { getAddress, getContractAddress, getIcapAddress } from './address';
 import * as base64 from './base64';
 import { BigNumber, bigNumberify } from './bignumber';
-import { arrayify, concat, hexDataSlice, hexDataLength, hexlify, hexStripZeros, hexZeroPad, joinSignature, padZeros, splitSignature, stripZeros } from './bytes';
+import { arrayify, concat, hexDataSlice, hexDataLength, hexlify, hexStripZeros, hexZeroPad, isHexString, joinSignature, padZeros, splitSignature, stripZeros } from './bytes';
 import { hashMessage, id, namehash } from './hash';
 import * as HDNode from './hdnode';
 import { Interface } from './interface';
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ export {
    bigNumberify,

    hexlify,
+    isHexString,
    hexStripZeros,
    hexZeroPad,
    hexDataLength,
--- a/src.ts/utils/interface.ts
+++ b/src.ts/utils/interface.ts
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ class _DeployDescription extends Description implements DeployDescription {
            });
        }

-        errors.checkArgumentCount(params.length, this.inputs.length, 'in Interface constructor');
+        errors.checkArgumentCount(params.length, this.inputs.length, ' in Interface constructor');

        try {
            return (bytecode + defaultAbiCoder.encode(this.inputs, params).substring(2));
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class _FunctionDescription extends Description implements FunctionDescription {
    readonly gas: BigNumber;

    encode(params: Array<any>): string {
-        errors.checkArgumentCount(params.length, this.inputs.length, 'in interface function ' + this.name);
+        errors.checkArgumentCount(params.length, this.inputs.length, ' in interface function ' + this.name);

        try {
            return this.sighash + defaultAbiCoder.encode(this.inputs, params).substring(2);
@@ -320,13 +320,18 @@ function addMethod(method: any): void {
                payable: (method.payable == null || !!method.payable),
                type: ((method.constant) ? 'call': 'transaction'),

+                name: method.name,
                signature: signature,
                sighash: sighash,
            });

-            // Expose the first (and hopefully unique named function
-            if (method.name && this.functions[method.name] == null) {
-                defineReadOnly(this.functions, method.name, description);
+            // Expose the first (and hopefully unique named function)
+            if (method.name) {
+                if (this.functions[method.name] == null) {
+                    defineReadOnly(this.functions, method.name, description);
+                } else {
+                    errors.warn('WARNING: Multiple definitions for ' + method.name);
+                }
            }

            // Expose all methods by their signature, for overloaded functions
@@ -367,7 +372,7 @@ function addMethod(method: any): void {
            break;

        default:
-            console.log('WARNING: unsupported ABI type - ' + method.type);
+            errors.warn('WARNING: unsupported ABI type - ' + method.type);
            break;
    }
 }
@@ -433,10 +438,10 @@ export class Interface {
                return new _TransactionDescription({
                    args: result,
                    decode: func.decode,
-                    name: name,
+                    name: func.name,
                    signature: func.signature,
                    sighash: func.sighash,
-                    value: bigNumberify(tx.value || null),
+                    value: bigNumberify(tx.value || '0'),
                });
            }
        }
--- a/src.ts/utils/networks.ts
+++ b/src.ts/utils/networks.ts
@@ -7,33 +7,69 @@ export type Network = {
    name: string,
    chainId: number,
    ensAddress?: string,
+    _defaultProvider?: (providers: any) => any
 }

 export type Networkish = Network | string | number;

+function ethDefaultProvider(network: string): (providers: any) => any {
+    return function(providers: any): any {
+        let providerList: Array<any> = [];
+
+        if (providers.InfuraProvider) {
+            providerList.push(new providers.InfuraProvider(network));
+        }
+
+        if (providers.EtherscanProvider) {
+            providerList.push(new providers.EtherscanProvider(network));
+        }
+
+        if (providerList.length === 0) { return null; }
+
+        if (providers.FallbackProvider) {
+            return new providers.FallbackProvider(providerList);;
+        }
+
+        return providerList[0];
+    }
+}
+
+function etcDefaultProvider(url: string, network: string): (providers: any) => any {
+    return function(providers: any): any {
+        if (providers.JsonRpcProvider) {
+            return new providers.JsonRpcProvider(url, network);
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+}

 const homestead: Network = {
    chainId: 1,
    ensAddress: "0x314159265dd8dbb310642f98f50c066173c1259b",
-    name: "homestead"
+    name: "homestead",
+    _defaultProvider: ethDefaultProvider('homestead')
 };

 const ropsten: Network = {
    chainId: 3,
    ensAddress: "0x112234455c3a32fd11230c42e7bccd4a84e02010",
-    name: "ropsten"
+    name: "ropsten",
+    _defaultProvider: ethDefaultProvider('ropsten')
 };

-const networks: { [name: string]: { chainId: number, ensAddress?: string } } = {
+const networks: { [name: string]: Network } = {
    unspecified: {
-        chainId: 0
+        chainId: 0,
+        name: 'unspecified'
    },

    homestead: homestead,
    mainnet: homestead,

    morden: {
-        chainId: 2
+        chainId: 2,
+        name: 'morden'
    },

    ropsten: ropsten,
@@ -41,19 +77,27 @@ const networks: { [name: string]: { chainId: number, ensAddress?: string } } = {

    rinkeby: {
        chainId: 4,
-        ensAddress: "0xe7410170f87102DF0055eB195163A03B7F2Bff4A"
+        ensAddress: "0xe7410170f87102DF0055eB195163A03B7F2Bff4A",
+        name: 'rinkeby',
+        _defaultProvider: ethDefaultProvider('rinkeby')
    },

    kovan: {
-        chainId: 42
+        chainId: 42,
+        name: 'kovan',
+        _defaultProvider: ethDefaultProvider('kovan')
    },

    classic: {
-        chainId: 61
+        chainId: 61,
+        name: 'classic',
+        _defaultProvider: etcDefaultProvider('https://web3.gastracker.io', 'classic')
    },

    classicTestnet: {
-        chainId: 62
+        chainId: 62,
+        name: 'classicTestnet',
+        _defaultProvider: etcDefaultProvider('https://web3.gastracker.io/morden', 'classicTestnet')
    }
 }

@@ -64,17 +108,18 @@ const networks: { [name: string]: { chainId: number, ensAddress?: string } } = {
 *  and verifies a network is a valid Network..
 */
 export function getNetwork(network: Networkish): Network {
-    // No network (null) or unspecified (chainId = 0)
-    if (!network) { return null; }
+    // No network (null)
+    if (network == null) { return null; }

    if (typeof(network) === 'number') {
-        for (var name in networks) {
+        for (let name in networks) {
            let n = networks[name];
            if (n.chainId === network) {
                return {
-                    name: name,
+                    name: n.name,
                    chainId: n.chainId,
-                    ensAddress: n.ensAddress
+                    ensAddress: (n.ensAddress || null),
+                    _defaultProvider: (n._defaultProvider || null)
                };
            }
        }
@@ -89,9 +134,10 @@ export function getNetwork(network: Networkish): Network {
        let n = networks[network];
        if (n == null) { return null; }
        return {
-            name: network,
+            name: n.name,
            chainId: n.chainId,
-            ensAddress: n.ensAddress
+            ensAddress: n.ensAddress,
+            _defaultProvider: (n._defaultProvider || null)
        };
    }

@@ -110,10 +156,11 @@ export function getNetwork(network: Networkish): Network {
        errors.throwError('network chainId mismatch', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, { arg: 'network', value: network });
    }

-    // Standard Network
+    // Standard Network (allow overriding the ENS address)
    return {
        name: network.name,
        chainId: n.chainId,
-        ensAddress: n.ensAddress
+        ensAddress: (network.ensAddress || n.ensAddress || null),
+        _defaultProvider: (network._defaultProvider || n._defaultProvider || null)
    };
 }
--- a/src.ts/utils/secret-storage.ts
+++ b/src.ts/utils/secret-storage.ts
@@ -438,6 +438,7 @@ export function encrypt(privateKey: Arrayish | SigningKey, password: Arrayish |
                        gethFilename: ('UTC--' + timestamp + '--' + data.address),
                        mnemonicCounter: hexlify(mnemonicIv).substring(2),
                        mnemonicCiphertext: hexlify(mnemonicCiphertext).substring(2),
+                        path: path,
                        version: "0.1"
                    };
                }
--- a/src.ts/utils/transaction.ts
+++ b/src.ts/utils/transaction.ts
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ export function parse(rawTransaction: Arrayish): Transaction {
        tx.v = bigNumberify(transaction[6]).toNumber();

    } catch (error) {
-        console.log(error);
+        errors.info(error);
        return tx;
    }

@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ export function parse(rawTransaction: Arrayish): Transaction {
        try {
            tx.from = recoverAddress(digest, { r: hexlify(tx.r), s: hexlify(tx.s), recoveryParam: recoveryParam });
        } catch (error) {
-            console.log(error);
+            errors.info(error);
        }

        tx.hash = keccak256(rawTransaction);
--- a/src.ts/utils/utf8.ts
+++ b/src.ts/utils/utf8.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 'use strict';

 import { HashZero } from '../constants';
-
+import { checkNormalize } from '../errors';
 import { arrayify, concat, hexlify } from './bytes';

 ///////////////////////////////
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ export enum UnicodeNormalizationForm {
 export function toUtf8Bytes(str: string, form: UnicodeNormalizationForm = UnicodeNormalizationForm.current): Uint8Array {

    if (form != UnicodeNormalizationForm.current) {
+        checkNormalize();
        str = str.normalize(form);
    }

--- a/src.ts/utils/web.ts
+++ b/src.ts/utils/web.ts
@@ -135,6 +135,9 @@ export function fetchJson(connection: string | ConnectionInfo, json: string, pro
                let jsonError: any = new Error('invalid json response');
                jsonError.orginialError = error;
                jsonError.responseText = request.responseText;
+                if (json != null) {
+                    jsonError.requestBody = json;
+                }
                jsonError.url = url;
                reject(jsonError);
                return;
@@ -163,7 +166,7 @@ export function fetchJson(connection: string | ConnectionInfo, json: string, pro
        }

        try {
-            if (json) {
+            if (json != null) {
                request.send(json);
            } else {
                request.send();
--- a/src.ts/wallet.ts
+++ b/src.ts/wallet.ts
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ export class Wallet extends AbstractSigner {
    get address(): string { return this.signingKey.address; }

    get mnemonic(): string { return this.signingKey.mnemonic; }
-    get path(): string { return this.signingKey.mnemonic; }
+    get path(): string { return this.signingKey.path; }

    get privateKey(): string { return this.signingKey.privateKey; }

@@ -62,7 +62,6 @@ export class Wallet extends AbstractSigner {
        return new Wallet(this.signingKey, provider);
    }

-
    getAddress(): Promise<string> {
        return Promise.resolve(this.address);
    }
@@ -91,6 +90,13 @@ export class Wallet extends AbstractSigner {
    }

    sendTransaction(transaction: TransactionRequest): Promise<TransactionResponse> {
+        if (!this.provider) { throw new Error('missing provider'); }
+
+        if (transaction.nonce == null) {
+            transaction = shallowCopy(transaction);
+            transaction.nonce = this.getTransactionCount("pending");
+        }
+
        return populateTransaction(transaction, this.provider, this.address).then((tx) => {
             return this.sign(tx).then((signedTransaction) => {
                 return this.provider.sendTransaction(signedTransaction);
--- a/src.ts/wordlists/lang-es.ts
+++ b/src.ts/wordlists/lang-es.ts
--- a/src.ts/wordlists/lang-fr.ts
+++ b/src.ts/wordlists/lang-fr.ts
--- a/src.ts/wordlists/lang-ja.ts
+++ b/src.ts/wordlists/lang-ja.ts
@@ -132,9 +132,7 @@ class LangJa extends Wordlist {
    }

    split(mnemonic: string): Array<string> {
-        if (!mnemonic.normalize) {
-            errors.throwError('Japanese is unsupported on this platform; missing String.prototype.normalize', errors.UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION, { operation: 'String.prototype.normalize' });
-        }
+        errors.checkNormalize();
        return mnemonic.split(/(?:\u3000| )+/g);
    }

--- a/tests/shims/base64.js
+++ b/tests/shims/base64.js
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/**
+ * See: https://github.com/MaxArt2501/base64-js
+ * The MIT License (MIT)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 MaxArt2501
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+(function (root, factory) {
+    if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
+        // AMD. Register as an anonymous module.
+        define([], function() {factory(root);});
+    } else factory(root);
+// node.js has always supported base64 conversions, while browsers that support
+// web workers support base64 too, but you may never know.
+})(typeof exports !== "undefined" ? exports : this, function(root) {
+    if (root.atob) {
+        // Some browsers' implementation of atob doesn't support whitespaces
+        // in the encoded string (notably, IE). This wraps the native atob
+        // in a function that strips the whitespaces.
+        // The original function can be retrieved in atob.original
+        try {
+            root.atob(" ");
+        } catch(e) {
+            root.atob = (function(atob) {
+                var func = function(string) {
+                    return atob(String(string).replace(/[\t\n\f\r ]+/g, ""));
+                };
+                func.original = atob;
+                return func;
+            })(root.atob);
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+        // base64 character set, plus padding character (=)
+    var b64 = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=",
+        // Regular expression to check formal correctness of base64 encoded strings
+        b64re = /^(?:[A-Za-z\d+\/]{4})*?(?:[A-Za-z\d+\/]{2}(?:==)?|[A-Za-z\d+\/]{3}=?)?$/;
+
+    root.btoa = function(string) {
+        string = String(string);
+        var bitmap, a, b, c,
+            result = "", i = 0,
+            rest = string.length % 3; // To determine the final padding
+
+        for (; i < string.length;) {
+            if ((a = string.charCodeAt(i++)) > 255
+                    || (b = string.charCodeAt(i++)) > 255
+                    || (c = string.charCodeAt(i++)) > 255)
+                throw new TypeError("Failed to execute 'btoa' on 'Window': The string to be encoded contains characters outside of the Latin1 range.");
+
+            bitmap = (a << 16) | (b << 8) | c;
+            result += b64.charAt(bitmap >> 18 & 63) + b64.charAt(bitmap >> 12 & 63)
+                    + b64.charAt(bitmap >> 6 & 63) + b64.charAt(bitmap & 63);
+        }
+
+        // If there's need of padding, replace the last 'A's with equal signs
+        return rest ? result.slice(0, rest - 3) + "===".substring(rest) : result;
+    };
+
+    root.atob = function(string) {
+        // atob can work with strings with whitespaces, even inside the encoded part,
+        // but only \t, \n, \f, \r and ' ', which can be stripped.
+        string = String(string).replace(/[\t\n\f\r ]+/g, "");
+        if (!b64re.test(string))
+            throw new TypeError("Failed to execute 'atob' on 'Window': The string to be decoded is not correctly encoded.");
+
+        // Adding the padding if missing, for semplicity
+        string += "==".slice(2 - (string.length & 3));
+        var bitmap, result = "", r1, r2, i = 0;
+        for (; i < string.length;) {
+            bitmap = b64.indexOf(string.charAt(i++)) << 18 | b64.indexOf(string.charAt(i++)) << 12
+                    | (r1 = b64.indexOf(string.charAt(i++))) << 6 | (r2 = b64.indexOf(string.charAt(i++)));
+
+            result += r1 === 64 ? String.fromCharCode(bitmap >> 16 & 255)
+                    : r2 === 64 ? String.fromCharCode(bitmap >> 16 & 255, bitmap >> 8 & 255)
+                    : String.fromCharCode(bitmap >> 16 & 255, bitmap >> 8 & 255, bitmap & 255);
+        }
+        return result;
+    };
+});
--- a/tests/shims/es6-promise.auto.js
+++ b/tests/shims/es6-promise.auto.js
--- a/tests/shims/index.js
+++ b/tests/shims/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var shims = [];
+
+// Shim String.prototype.normalize
+try {
+    var missing = [];
+
+    // Some platforms are missing certain normalization forms
+    var forms = ["NFD", "NFC", "NFKD", "NFKC"];
+    for (var i = 0; i < forms.length; i++) {
+        try {
+            "test".normalize(forms[i]);
+        } catch(error) {
+            missing.push(forms[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (missing.length) {
+        shims.push("String.prototype.normalize (missing: " + missing.join(", ") + ")");
+        throw new Error('bad normalize');
+    }
+
+    // Some platforms have a native normalize, but it is broken; so we force our shim
+    if (String.fromCharCode(0xe9).normalize('NFD') !== String.fromCharCode(0x65, 0x0301)) {
+        shims.push("String.prototype.normalize (broken)");
+        throw new Error('bad normalize');
+    }
+} catch (error) {
+    var unorm = require('./unorm.js');
+    String.prototype.normalize = function(form) {
+        var func = unorm[(form || 'NFC').toLowerCase()];
+        if (!func) { throw new RangeError('invalid form - ' + form); }
+        return func(this);
+    }
+}
+
+// Shim atob and btoa
+var base64 = require('./base64.js');
+if (!global.atob) {
+    shims.push("atob");
+    global.atob = base64.atob;
+}
+if (!global.btoa) {
+    shims.push("btoa");
+    global.btoa = base64.btoa;
+}
+
+// Shim Promise
+// @TODO: Check first?
+var promise = require('./es6-promise.auto.js');
+
+// Shim ArrayBuffer.isView
+if (!ArrayBuffer.isView) {
+    shims.push("ArrayBuffer.isView");
+    ArrayBuffer.isView = function(obj) {
+        // @TODO: This should probably check various instanceof aswell
+        return !!(obj.buffer);
+    }
+}
+
+// Shim nextTick
+if (!global.nextTick) {
+    shims.push("nextTick");
+    global.nextTick = function (callback) { setTimeout(callback, 0); }
+}
+
+if (shims.length) {
+    console.log("Shims Injected:");
+    for (var i = 0; i < shims.length; i++) {
+        console.log('  - ' + shims[i]);
+    }
+}
--- a/tests/shims/unorm.js
+++ b/tests/shims/unorm.js
--- a/tests/test-contract-interface.js
+++ b/tests/test-contract-interface.js
@@ -231,6 +231,36 @@ describe('Test Interface Signatures', function() {
                'derived the correct signature hash');
        })
    });
+
+    it('derives correct description for human-readable ABI', function() {
+        var iface = new Interface([ "function transfer(address from, uint amount)" ]);
+        [
+            "transfer",
+            "transfer(address,uint256)"
+        ].forEach(function(key) {
+            var descr = iface.functions[key];
+            assert.equal(descr.name, "transfer", "incorrect name key - " + key);
+            assert.equal(descr.signature, "transfer(address,uint256)", "incorrect signature key - " + key);
+            assert.equal(descr.sighash, "0xa9059cbb", "incorrect sighash key - " + key);
+        });
+    });
+
+    // See: https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/370
+    it ('parses transaction function', function() {
+        var iface = new Interface([ "function transfer(address from, uint amount)" ]);
+
+        // Transaction: 0x820cc57bc77be44d8f4f024a18e18f64a8b6e62a82a3d7897db5970dbe181ba1
+        var rawTx = "0xf8aa028502540be4008316e36094334eec1482109bd802d9e72a447848de3bcc106380b844a9059cbb000000000000000000000000851b9167b7cbf772d38efaf89705b35022880a070000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000de0b6b3a764000026a03200bf26e5f10f7eda59c0aad9adc2334dda79e785b9b004342524d97a66fca9a0450b07a4dc450bb472e08f8370350fa365fcef6db1a95309ae4c06c9d0748092";
+        var tx = ethers.utils.parseTransaction(rawTx);
+
+        var descr = iface.parseTransaction(tx);
+        assert.equal(descr.args[0], '0x851b9167B7cbf772D38eFaf89705b35022880A07', 'parsed tx - args[0]');
+        assert.equal(descr.args[1].toString(), '1000000000000000000', 'parsed tx - args[1]');
+        assert.equal(descr.name, 'transfer', 'parsed tx - name');
+        assert.equal(descr.signature, 'transfer(address,uint256)', 'parsed tx - signature');
+        assert.equal(descr.sighash, '0xa9059cbb', 'parsed tx - sighash');
+        assert.equal(descr.value.toString(), '0', 'parsed tx - value');
+    });
 });

 describe('Test Number Coder', function() {
--- a/tests/test-utils.js
+++ b/tests/test-utils.js
@@ -327,3 +327,24 @@ describe('Test Bytes32String coder', function() {
        assert.equal(str2, str, "parsed correctly");
    });
 });
+
+describe('Test BigNumber', function() {
+    it("computes absoltue values", function() {
+        function testAbs(test) {
+            var value = ethers.utils.bigNumberify(test.value);
+            var expected = ethers.utils.bigNumberify(test.expected);
+            assert.ok(value.abs().eq(expected), 'BigNumber.abs - ' + test.value);
+        }
+
+        [
+            { value: "0x0", expected: "0x0" },
+            { value: "-0x0", expected: "0x0" },
+            { value: "0x5", expected: "0x5" },
+            { value: "-0x5", expected: "0x5" },
+            { value: "0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff", expected: "0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff" },
+            { value: "-0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff", expected: "0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff" },
+            { value: "0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff", expected: "0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff" },
+            { value: "-0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff", expected: "0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff" },
+        ].forEach(testAbs);
+    });
+});
--- a/tests/test-wallet.js
+++ b/tests/test-wallet.js
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ describe('Test JSON Wallets', function() {
    // A few extra test cases to test encrypting/decrypting
    ['one', 'two', 'three'].forEach(function(i) {
        var password = 'foobar' + i;
-        var wallet = new Wallet(utils.randomHexString('test-' + i, 32));
+        var wallet = Wallet.createRandom({ path: "m/56'/82", extraEntropy: utils.randomHexString('test-' + i, 32) });
        it('encrypts and decrypts a random wallet - ' + i, function() {
            this.timeout(1200000);

@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@ describe('Test JSON Wallets', function() {
                return Wallet.fromEncryptedJson(json, password).then(function(decryptedWallet) {
                    assert.equal(decryptedWallet.address, wallet.address,
                        'decrypted wallet - ' + wallet.privateKey);
+                    assert.equal(decryptedWallet.mnemonic, wallet.mnemonic,
+                        "decrypted wallet menonic - " + wallet.privateKey);
+                    assert.equal(decryptedWallet.path, wallet.path,
+                        "decrypted wallet path - " + wallet.privateKey);
                    return decryptedWallet.encrypt(password).then(function(encryptedWallet) {
                        var parsedWallet = JSON.parse(encryptedWallet);
                        assert.equal(decryptedWallet.address.toLowerCase().substring(2), parsedWallet.address,
--- a/tests/test.html
+++ b/tests/test.html
@@ -11,37 +11,7 @@
    <body>
        <div id="mocha"></div>
        <script src="../node_modules/mocha/mocha.js"></script>
-
-        <!--
-           Shim for PhantomJS: Promise
-           See: https://github.com/stefanpenner/es6-promise
-        -->
-        <script src="./dist/es6-promise.auto.js"></script>
-
-        <!--
-           Shim for String.prototype.normalize
-           See: https://github.com/walling/unorm
-        -->
-        <script src="./dist/unorm.js"></script>
-
-        <!--
-           Shims for PhantomJS
-        -->
-        <script type="text/javascript">
-
-            // ArrayBuffer.isView
-            if (!ArrayBuffer.isView) {
-                 ArrayBuffer.isView = function(obj) {
-                     // @TODO: This should probably check various instanceof aswell
-                     return !!(obj.buffer);
-                 }
-            }
-
-            // nextTick
-            if (!window.nextTick) {
-                window.nextTick = function (callback) { setTimeout(callback, 0); }
-            }
-        </script>
+        <script src="../dist/shims.js"></script>

        <!-- Inject the mocha describe and it functions -->
        <script type="text/javascript">
--- a/utils/abi-coder.js
+++ b/utils/abi-coder.js
@@ -51,9 +51,11 @@ function verifyType(type) {
    return type;
 }
 function parseParam(param, allowIndexed) {
+    var originalParam = param;
    function throwError(i) {
-        throw new Error('unexpected character "' + param[i] + '" at position ' + i + ' in "' + param + '"');
+        throw new Error('unexpected character "' + originalParam[i] + '" at position ' + i + ' in "' + originalParam + '"');
    }
+    param = param.replace(/\s/g, ' ');
    var parent = { type: '', name: '', state: { allowType: true } };
    var node = parent;
    for (var i = 0; i < param.length; i++) {
@@ -194,7 +196,7 @@ function parseSignatureEvent(fragment) {
            case '':
                break;
            default:
-                console.log('unknown modifier: ' + modifier);
+                errors.info('unknown modifier: ' + modifier);
        }
    });
    if (abi.name && !abi.name.match(regexIdentifier)) {
@@ -258,7 +260,7 @@ function parseSignatureFunction(fragment) {
            case '':
                break;
            default:
-                console.log('unknown modifier: ' + modifier);
+                errors.info('unknown modifier: ' + modifier);
        }
    });
    // We have outputs
@@ -298,6 +300,7 @@ exports.formatSignature = formatSignature;
 function parseSignature(fragment) {
    if (typeof (fragment) === 'string') {
        // Make sure the "returns" is surrounded by a space and all whitespace is exactly one space
+        fragment = fragment.replace(/\s/g, ' ');
        fragment = fragment.replace(/\(/g, ' (').replace(/\)/g, ') ').replace(/\s+/g, ' ');
        fragment = fragment.trim();
        if (fragment.substring(0, 6) === 'event ') {
@@ -733,7 +736,7 @@ var CoderArray = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
            count = value.length;
            result = uint256Coder.encode(count);
        }
-        errors.checkArgumentCount(count, value.length, 'in coder array' + (this.localName ? (" " + this.localName) : ""));
+        errors.checkArgumentCount(count, value.length, ' in coder array' + (this.localName ? (" " + this.localName) : ""));
        var coders = [];
        for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
            coders.push(this.coder);
--- a/utils/bignumber.d.ts
+++ b/utils/bignumber.d.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ export declare class BigNumber implements Hexable {
    constructor(value: BigNumberish);
    fromTwos(value: number): BigNumber;
    toTwos(value: number): BigNumber;
+    abs(): BigNumber;
    add(other: BigNumberish): BigNumber;
    sub(other: BigNumberish): BigNumber;
    div(other: BigNumberish): BigNumber;
--- a/utils/bignumber.js
+++ b/utils/bignumber.js
@@ -105,6 +105,12 @@ var BigNumber = /** @class */ (function () {
    BigNumber.prototype.toTwos = function (value) {
        return toBigNumber(_bnify(this).toTwos(value));
    };
+    BigNumber.prototype.abs = function () {
+        if (this._hex[0] === '-') {
+            return toBigNumber(_bnify(this).mul(BN_1));
+        }
+        return this;
+    };
    BigNumber.prototype.add = function (other) {
        return toBigNumber(_bnify(this).add(toBN(other)));
    };
--- a/utils/hash.js
+++ b/utils/hash.js
@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 'use strict';
+var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
+    if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
+    var result = {};
+    if (mod != null) for (var k in mod) if (Object.hasOwnProperty.call(mod, k)) result[k] = mod[k];
+    result["default"] = mod;
+    return result;
+};
 Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+var errors = __importStar(require("../errors"));
 var bytes_1 = require("./bytes");
 var utf8_1 = require("./utf8");
 var keccak256_1 = require("./keccak256");
@@ -8,13 +16,22 @@ var Zeros = new Uint8Array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
 var Partition = new RegExp("^((.*)\\.)?([^.]+)$");
 var UseSTD3ASCIIRules = new RegExp("^[a-z0-9.-]*$");
 function namehash(name) {
+    if (typeof (name) !== 'string') {
+        errors.throwError('invalid address - ' + String(name), errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
+            argument: 'name',
+            value: name
+        });
+    }
    name = name.toLowerCase();
    // Supporting the full UTF-8 space requires additional (and large)
    // libraries, so for now we simply do not support them.
    // It should be fairly easy in the future to support systems with
    // String.normalize, but that is future work.
    if (!name.match(UseSTD3ASCIIRules)) {
-        throw new Error('contains invalid UseSTD3ASCIIRules characters');
+        errors.throwError('contains invalid UseSTD3ASCIIRules characters', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, {
+            argument: 'name',
+            value: name
+        });
    }
    var result = Zeros;
    while (name.length) {
@@ -31,11 +48,10 @@ function id(text) {
 }
 exports.id = id;
 function hashMessage(message) {
-    var payload = bytes_1.concat([
+    return keccak256_1.keccak256(bytes_1.concat([
        utf8_1.toUtf8Bytes('\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n'),
        utf8_1.toUtf8Bytes(String(message.length)),
        ((typeof (message) === 'string') ? utf8_1.toUtf8Bytes(message) : message)
-    ]);
-    return keccak256_1.keccak256(payload);
+    ]));
 }
 exports.hashMessage = hashMessage;
--- a/utils/hdnode.js
+++ b/utils/hdnode.js
@@ -166,6 +166,7 @@ function mnemonicToEntropy(mnemonic, wordlist) {
    if (!wordlist) {
        wordlist = lang_en_1.langEn;
    }
+    errors.checkNormalize();
    var words = wordlist.split(mnemonic);
    if ((words.length % 3) !== 0) {
        throw new Error('invalid mnemonic');
--- a/utils/index.d.ts
+++ b/utils/index.d.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { AbiCoder, defaultAbiCoder, formatSignature, formatParamType, parseSigna
 import { getAddress, getContractAddress, getIcapAddress } from './address';
 import * as base64 from './base64';
 import { BigNumber, bigNumberify } from './bignumber';
-import { arrayify, concat, hexDataSlice, hexDataLength, hexlify, hexStripZeros, hexZeroPad, joinSignature, padZeros, splitSignature, stripZeros } from './bytes';
+import { arrayify, concat, hexDataSlice, hexDataLength, hexlify, hexStripZeros, hexZeroPad, isHexString, joinSignature, padZeros, splitSignature, stripZeros } from './bytes';
 import { hashMessage, id, namehash } from './hash';
 import * as HDNode from './hdnode';
 import { Interface } from './interface';
@@ -32,4 +32,4 @@ import { Transaction, UnsignedTransaction } from './transaction';
 import { ConnectionInfo, OnceBlockable, PollOptions } from './web';
 import { EncryptOptions, ProgressCallback } from './secret-storage';
 import { Wordlist } from './wordlist';
-export { AbiCoder, defaultAbiCoder, formatSignature, formatParamType, parseSignature, parseParamType, RLP, fetchJson, getNetwork, checkProperties, deepCopy, defineReadOnly, resolveProperties, shallowCopy, arrayify, concat, padZeros, stripZeros, HDNode, SigningKey, Interface, base64, BigNumber, bigNumberify, hexlify, hexStripZeros, hexZeroPad, hexDataLength, hexDataSlice, toUtf8Bytes, toUtf8String, formatBytes32String, parseBytes32String, hashMessage, namehash, id, getAddress, getIcapAddress, getContractAddress, formatEther, parseEther, formatUnits, parseUnits, commify, keccak256, sha256, randomBytes, solidityPack, solidityKeccak256, soliditySha256, splitSignature, joinSignature, parseTransaction, populateTransaction, serializeTransaction, getJsonWalletAddress, computeAddress, computePublicKey, recoverAddress, recoverPublicKey, verifyMessage, SupportedAlgorithms, UnicodeNormalizationForm, CoerceFunc, EventFragment, FunctionFragment, ParamType, BigNumberish, Arrayish, Hexable, Signature, Indexed, DeployDescription, EventDescription, FunctionDescription, LogDescription, TransactionDescription, Network, Networkish, Transaction, UnsignedTransaction, ConnectionInfo, OnceBlockable, PollOptions, EncryptOptions, ProgressCallback, Wordlist, };
+export { AbiCoder, defaultAbiCoder, formatSignature, formatParamType, parseSignature, parseParamType, RLP, fetchJson, getNetwork, checkProperties, deepCopy, defineReadOnly, resolveProperties, shallowCopy, arrayify, concat, padZeros, stripZeros, HDNode, SigningKey, Interface, base64, BigNumber, bigNumberify, hexlify, isHexString, hexStripZeros, hexZeroPad, hexDataLength, hexDataSlice, toUtf8Bytes, toUtf8String, formatBytes32String, parseBytes32String, hashMessage, namehash, id, getAddress, getIcapAddress, getContractAddress, formatEther, parseEther, formatUnits, parseUnits, commify, keccak256, sha256, randomBytes, solidityPack, solidityKeccak256, soliditySha256, splitSignature, joinSignature, parseTransaction, populateTransaction, serializeTransaction, getJsonWalletAddress, computeAddress, computePublicKey, recoverAddress, recoverPublicKey, verifyMessage, SupportedAlgorithms, UnicodeNormalizationForm, CoerceFunc, EventFragment, FunctionFragment, ParamType, BigNumberish, Arrayish, Hexable, Signature, Indexed, DeployDescription, EventDescription, FunctionDescription, LogDescription, TransactionDescription, Network, Networkish, Transaction, UnsignedTransaction, ConnectionInfo, OnceBlockable, PollOptions, EncryptOptions, ProgressCallback, Wordlist, };
--- a/utils/index.js
+++ b/utils/index.js
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ exports.hexDataLength = bytes_1.hexDataLength;
 exports.hexlify = bytes_1.hexlify;
 exports.hexStripZeros = bytes_1.hexStripZeros;
 exports.hexZeroPad = bytes_1.hexZeroPad;
+exports.isHexString = bytes_1.isHexString;
 exports.joinSignature = bytes_1.joinSignature;
 exports.padZeros = bytes_1.padZeros;
 exports.splitSignature = bytes_1.splitSignature;
--- a/utils/interface.js
+++ b/utils/interface.js
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ var _DeployDescription = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
                value: bytecode
            });
        }
-        errors.checkArgumentCount(params.length, this.inputs.length, 'in Interface constructor');
+        errors.checkArgumentCount(params.length, this.inputs.length, ' in Interface constructor');
        try {
            return (bytecode + abi_coder_1.defaultAbiCoder.encode(this.inputs, params).substring(2));
        }
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ var _FunctionDescription = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
        return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
    }
    _FunctionDescription.prototype.encode = function (params) {
-        errors.checkArgumentCount(params.length, this.inputs.length, 'in interface function ' + this.name);
+        errors.checkArgumentCount(params.length, this.inputs.length, ' in interface function ' + this.name);
        try {
            return this.sighash + abi_coder_1.defaultAbiCoder.encode(this.inputs, params).substring(2);
        }
@@ -249,12 +249,18 @@ function addMethod(method) {
                gas: method.gas,
                payable: (method.payable == null || !!method.payable),
                type: ((method.constant) ? 'call' : 'transaction'),
+                name: method.name,
                signature: signature,
                sighash: sighash,
            });
-            // Expose the first (and hopefully unique named function
-            if (method.name && this.functions[method.name] == null) {
-                properties_1.defineReadOnly(this.functions, method.name, description);
+            // Expose the first (and hopefully unique named function)
+            if (method.name) {
+                if (this.functions[method.name] == null) {
+                    properties_1.defineReadOnly(this.functions, method.name, description);
+                }
+                else {
+                    errors.warn('WARNING: Multiple definitions for ' + method.name);
+                }
            }
            // Expose all methods by their signature, for overloaded functions
            if (this.functions[description.signature] == null) {
@@ -285,7 +291,7 @@ function addMethod(method) {
            // Nothing to do for fallback
            break;
        default:
-            console.log('WARNING: unsupported ABI type - ' + method.type);
+            errors.warn('WARNING: unsupported ABI type - ' + method.type);
            break;
    }
 }
@@ -339,10 +345,10 @@ var Interface = /** @class */ (function () {
                return new _TransactionDescription({
                    args: result,
                    decode: func.decode,
-                    name: name,
+                    name: func.name,
                    signature: func.signature,
                    sighash: func.sighash,
-                    value: bignumber_1.bigNumberify(tx.value || null),
+                    value: bignumber_1.bigNumberify(tx.value || '0'),
                });
            }
        }
--- a/utils/networks.d.ts
+++ b/utils/networks.d.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ export declare type Network = {
    name: string;
    chainId: number;
    ensAddress?: string;
+    _defaultProvider?: (providers: any) => any;
 };
 export declare type Networkish = Network | string | number;
 /**
--- a/utils/networks.js
+++ b/utils/networks.js
@@ -8,39 +8,78 @@ var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
 };
 Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
 var errors = __importStar(require("../errors"));
+function ethDefaultProvider(network) {
+    return function (providers) {
+        var providerList = [];
+        if (providers.InfuraProvider) {
+            providerList.push(new providers.InfuraProvider(network));
+        }
+        if (providers.EtherscanProvider) {
+            providerList.push(new providers.EtherscanProvider(network));
+        }
+        if (providerList.length === 0) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        if (providers.FallbackProvider) {
+            return new providers.FallbackProvider(providerList);
+            ;
+        }
+        return providerList[0];
+    };
+}
+function etcDefaultProvider(url, network) {
+    return function (providers) {
+        if (providers.JsonRpcProvider) {
+            return new providers.JsonRpcProvider(url, network);
+        }
+        return null;
+    };
+}
 var homestead = {
    chainId: 1,
    ensAddress: "0x314159265dd8dbb310642f98f50c066173c1259b",
-    name: "homestead"
+    name: "homestead",
+    _defaultProvider: ethDefaultProvider('homestead')
 };
 var ropsten = {
    chainId: 3,
    ensAddress: "0x112234455c3a32fd11230c42e7bccd4a84e02010",
-    name: "ropsten"
+    name: "ropsten",
+    _defaultProvider: ethDefaultProvider('ropsten')
 };
 var networks = {
    unspecified: {
-        chainId: 0
+        chainId: 0,
+        name: 'unspecified'
    },
    homestead: homestead,
    mainnet: homestead,
    morden: {
-        chainId: 2
+        chainId: 2,
+        name: 'morden'
    },
    ropsten: ropsten,
    testnet: ropsten,
    rinkeby: {
        chainId: 4,
-        ensAddress: "0xe7410170f87102DF0055eB195163A03B7F2Bff4A"
+        ensAddress: "0xe7410170f87102DF0055eB195163A03B7F2Bff4A",
+        name: 'rinkeby',
+        _defaultProvider: ethDefaultProvider('rinkeby')
    },
    kovan: {
-        chainId: 42
+        chainId: 42,
+        name: 'kovan',
+        _defaultProvider: ethDefaultProvider('kovan')
    },
    classic: {
-        chainId: 61
+        chainId: 61,
+        name: 'classic',
+        _defaultProvider: etcDefaultProvider('https://web3.gastracker.io', 'classic')
    },
    classicTestnet: {
-        chainId: 62
+        chainId: 62,
+        name: 'classicTestnet',
+        _defaultProvider: etcDefaultProvider('https://web3.gastracker.io/morden', 'classicTestnet')
    }
 };
 /**
@@ -50,18 +89,19 @@ var networks = {
 *  and verifies a network is a valid Network..
 */
 function getNetwork(network) {
-    // No network (null) or unspecified (chainId = 0)
-    if (!network) {
+    // No network (null)
+    if (network == null) {
        return null;
    }
    if (typeof (network) === 'number') {
-        for (var name in networks) {
-            var n_1 = networks[name];
+        for (var name_1 in networks) {
+            var n_1 = networks[name_1];
            if (n_1.chainId === network) {
                return {
-                    name: name,
+                    name: n_1.name,
                    chainId: n_1.chainId,
-                    ensAddress: n_1.ensAddress
+                    ensAddress: (n_1.ensAddress || null),
+                    _defaultProvider: (n_1._defaultProvider || null)
                };
            }
        }
@@ -76,9 +116,10 @@ function getNetwork(network) {
            return null;
        }
        return {
-            name: network,
+            name: n_2.name,
            chainId: n_2.chainId,
-            ensAddress: n_2.ensAddress
+            ensAddress: n_2.ensAddress,
+            _defaultProvider: (n_2._defaultProvider || null)
        };
    }
    var n = networks[network.name];
@@ -93,11 +134,12 @@ function getNetwork(network) {
    if (network.chainId !== 0 && network.chainId !== n.chainId) {
        errors.throwError('network chainId mismatch', errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT, { arg: 'network', value: network });
    }
-    // Standard Network
+    // Standard Network (allow overriding the ENS address)
    return {
        name: network.name,
        chainId: n.chainId,
-        ensAddress: n.ensAddress
+        ensAddress: (network.ensAddress || n.ensAddress || null),
+        _defaultProvider: (network._defaultProvider || n._defaultProvider || null)
    };
 }
 exports.getNetwork = getNetwork;
--- a/utils/transaction.js
+++ b/utils/transaction.js
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ function parse(rawTransaction) {
        tx.v = bignumber_1.bigNumberify(transaction[6]).toNumber();
    }
    catch (error) {
-        console.log(error);
+        errors.info(error);
        return tx;
    }
    tx.r = bytes_1.hexZeroPad(transaction[7], 32);
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ function parse(rawTransaction) {
            tx.from = secp256k1_1.recoverAddress(digest, { r: bytes_1.hexlify(tx.r), s: bytes_1.hexlify(tx.s), recoveryParam: recoveryParam });
        }
        catch (error) {
-            console.log(error);
+            errors.info(error);
        }
        tx.hash = keccak256_1.keccak256(rawTransaction);
    }
--- a/utils/utf8.js
+++ b/utils/utf8.js
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 'use strict';
 Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
 var constants_1 = require("../constants");
+var errors_1 = require("../errors");
 var bytes_1 = require("./bytes");
 ///////////////////////////////
 var UnicodeNormalizationForm;
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ var UnicodeNormalizationForm;
 function toUtf8Bytes(str, form) {
    if (form === void 0) { form = UnicodeNormalizationForm.current; }
    if (form != UnicodeNormalizationForm.current) {
+        errors_1.checkNormalize();
        str = str.normalize(form);
    }
    var result = [];
--- a/utils/web.js
+++ b/utils/web.js
@@ -99,6 +99,9 @@ function fetchJson(connection, json, processFunc) {
                var jsonError = new Error('invalid json response');
                jsonError.orginialError = error;
                jsonError.responseText = request.responseText;
+                if (json != null) {
+                    jsonError.requestBody = json;
+                }
                jsonError.url = url;
                reject(jsonError);
                return;
@@ -124,7 +127,7 @@ function fetchJson(connection, json, processFunc) {
            reject(error);
        };
        try {
-            if (json) {
+            if (json != null) {
                request.send(json);
            }
            else {
--- a/wallet.js
+++ b/wallet.js
@@ -103,6 +103,13 @@ var Wallet = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
    };
    Wallet.prototype.sendTransaction = function (transaction) {
        var _this = this;
+        if (!this.provider) {
+            throw new Error('missing provider');
+        }
+        if (transaction.nonce == null) {
+            transaction = properties_1.shallowCopy(transaction);
+            transaction.nonce = this.getTransactionCount("pending");
+        }
        return transaction_1.populateTransaction(transaction, this.provider, this.address).then(function (tx) {
            return _this.sign(tx).then(function (signedTransaction) {
                return _this.provider.sendTransaction(signedTransaction);
--- a/wordlists/lang-es.js
+++ b/wordlists/lang-es.js
--- a/wordlists/lang-fr.js
+++ b/wordlists/lang-fr.js
--- a/wordlists/lang-ja.js
+++ b/wordlists/lang-ja.js
@@ -131,9 +131,7 @@ var LangJa = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
        return wordlist.indexOf(word);
    };
    LangJa.prototype.split = function (mnemonic) {
-        if (!mnemonic.normalize) {
-            errors.throwError('Japanese is unsupported on this platform; missing String.prototype.normalize', errors.UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION, { operation: 'String.prototype.normalize' });
-        }
+        errors.checkNormalize();
        return mnemonic.split(/(?:\u3000| )+/g);
    };
    LangJa.prototype.join = function (words) {
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Richard Moore	e5bee7e5a3	Fixed path for x-ethers metadata and wallet (#).	2019-01-17 16:32:51 -05:00
Richard Moore	442553620a	Updated dist files.	2019-01-15 16:01:45 -05:00
Richard Moore	6d08968b87	Fixed contract removeAllListeners which did not clean up the event loop properly (#391 ).	2019-01-15 15:58:42 -05:00
Richard Moore	c2ce59f95e	Updated dist files.	2018-12-27 15:53:00 -05:00
Richard Moore	f3ec27b95f	Added customizable log levels to quiet warnings (#379 ).	2018-12-27 15:48:38 -05:00
Richard Moore	c88cb5ea90	Updated dist files.	2018-12-14 18:39:46 -05:00
Richard Moore	99a21660ab	Allow unchecked transactions which will remain unwrapped for the JsonRpcSigner (#340 ).	2018-12-14 18:36:24 -05:00
Richard Moore	4bc62a1e8a	Make it easier for sub-classes of Wallet to manage nonces.	2018-12-14 18:32:48 -05:00
Richard Moore	26eb6cc01a	Updated dist files.	2018-12-12 16:59:25 -05:00
Richard Moore	bcba17a9e7	Allow nonce to be a BigNumber (#228 ).	2018-12-12 16:56:50 -05:00
Richard Moore	918b66bc2e	Fixed typo in error strings (#376 ).	2018-12-12 16:31:23 -05:00
Richard Moore	152d672278	Add isHexString to exported utils (#367 ).	2018-12-12 16:23:39 -05:00
Richard Moore	51fb472809	Add abs method to BigNumber (#375 ).	2018-12-12 16:10:28 -05:00
Richard Moore	66440b8542	Better error messages for namehash (#364 ).	2018-12-10 17:02:02 -05:00
Richard Moore	fefdd51084	Updated dist files.	2018-12-08 18:48:53 -05:00
Richard Moore	6ca1d77298	Fixed function name in parsed transactions (#370 ).	2018-12-08 18:46:29 -05:00
Richard Moore	4f6748ec4c	Include request body in web errors.	2018-12-05 04:19:34 -05:00
Richard Moore	f56fc572f1	Squashed unhandled promise exception for Providers that are never used (#362 ).	2018-12-05 04:18:47 -05:00
Richard Moore	16fdf6b621	Added gas estimation back into JsonRpcSigner (#365 ).	2018-12-05 03:32:24 -05:00
Richard Moore	a863037ca3	Updated dist files.	2018-12-04 17:16:42 -05:00
Richard Moore	2d854bd94c	Do not fill in implicit values for JSON-RPC based signers (#335 ).	2018-12-04 17:13:55 -05:00
Richard Moore	9565c28a91	More relaxed transaction parsing (#357 ).	2018-12-04 16:31:18 -05:00
Richard Moore	bc457bb3bd	Allow any whitespace characters in human-readable ABI (#360 ).	2018-12-04 16:14:57 -05:00
Richard Moore	db383a3121	Updated dist files.	2018-11-27 17:32:47 -05:00
Richard Moore	3f76f603d9	Fixed contract proxied tx.wait receipt properties (#355 ).	2018-11-27 17:32:05 -05:00
Richard Moore	68304848ae	Updated dist files.	2018-11-27 16:03:39 -05:00
Richard Moore	bb6bc4cac3	Check for partially-working normalize support.	2018-11-27 15:59:14 -05:00
Richard Moore	ef8b9c36ef	Support for platforms where UTF-8 is only half broken.	2018-11-27 15:56:50 -05:00
Richard Moore	e6c943d01f	Updated dist files.	2018-11-21 16:24:40 -05:00
Richard Moore	31d3ee899f	Throw exception instead of returning null for getDefaultProvider (#351 ).	2018-11-21 16:23:44 -05:00
Richard Moore	98143a845b	Updated dist files.	2018-11-20 15:45:47 -05:00
Richard Moore	bffc557be1	Added default provider support for Ethereum classic (#351 ).	2018-11-20 15:41:12 -05:00
Richard Moore	09208fa8fe	Updated dist files.	2018-11-13 07:50:04 -05:00
Richard Moore	048c571d3d	Fixed 0 confirmation waiting (#346 ).	2018-11-13 07:48:37 -05:00
Richard Moore	24757f1064	Updated dist files.	2018-11-12 17:27:47 -05:00
Richard Moore	88f2f51266	Fix spacing in checkArgument errors (#318 ).	2018-11-12 17:22:18 -05:00
Richard Moore	93152ef863	Do not replay block events when the provider event block is reset (#343 ).	2018-11-12 17:17:43 -05:00
Richard Moore	09b698b0a9	Updated dist files.	2018-11-09 14:42:29 -05:00
Richard Moore	478aaf9619	Force unorm shim when String.prototype.normalize is broken (#338 ).	2018-11-09 14:36:21 -05:00
Richard Moore	fad902b438	Better error message when normalize is missing.	2018-11-09 14:34:14 -05:00
Richard Moore	7bfaf292db	Added shims for React-Native support.	2018-11-08 18:25:16 -05:00